i ndependent whilll we arc obliged to look to hem for our lieceflary cloathing, or even liiper iuous ornaments. Suppose the whole population of this country, which is lo rapidly increasing, were devoted to hulbandry—what depreciations would be made in our forefts*! How loon would our fields be cloatlied with every kind of grain—apd our pas tures filled with cattle, feeding oil a thousand hills ! This would be charming—no fear of a fa mine—every one would have food for allcing fol ic—but what price would our provisions bring, and what is to be done with thefurplus of them ? Why fay thel'e wife men from the East, (and their humble retainers of this country) let the Euro peans come and fetch them away, or starve.— This is very good—and pray what are we to do if their crops lhould not happen to fail them— or when their kings should be tired of war, and consent that their iubjeCts be permitted to culti vate their own fields in fafety ; will these fo reigners, out of mere charity, come and take your i'uperiiuous crops off your hands ? Will they give you a generous price for your wheat, &c. ? I presume not. Pray let me alk these politicians, these friends from the other fide the water, who are so alarmed left we injure ourselves, by en gaging improvidently in manufactures, why grain is dearer in England than iii America Our lands do not produce so many bushels on the acre as theirs—we give higher for labor, and yet we undersell them lb much in market, thattheir farmers would be ruiaed if a free importation from this country was admitted. I (hall proba bly be told that rents in thac country are higher, and that causes the difference; but I demand, why are rents higher there than here ? Why be raufe the products of land will fell so mueh high er there than here. And why do they fell so much higher there than here ? Is it for exporta tion ? No such thing—lt is because of the "inalti tude of their mechanics and artizans, who create a conltanc demand for home consumption. A home market is always the belt, abating ex traordinary demands that may arise from the ac cidental failure of crops in a foreign country ; or the ruinous depredations of enemy. The average price of wheat in England, 1 suppose may be stated at 6s. to 6s. 6d. lterling the bufiiel. "When it arileth to 7s. the bufliel, their ports are opened for importation, lealt the dearnefs of bread (hould injure their man utadlures; but when it falls to the uftial standard, their importations are prohibited, left the farming interell (houkl l'uffer. The average price of wheat in America, taken at the farmers' lioufes, inay be rated at j to j-6 of a dollar ; tho at the ports of. exportation it may average one dollar. But if our country was as full of manufacturers as Great-Britain, our grain would be principally wanted for home consump tion, and the price would be raised to js. 3d. or even 6s. sterling the bufliel. The farmer would then save not only the transportation to the sea port towns ; but the subsequent storage, shipping coastwise, freight, insurance, &c. to Europe; and the price and rent of lands would rife in propor tion. But this is not the whole advantage—.if we can make our own cloarhing, it will soon re duce the price materially, and enable them to make a saving in their purchases as vvell as on the sales of their crops, so that the farming in terest is most intimately concerned in tlie fuc refs of our manufactures. Whenever wool be comes as plenty in this country as it is in Eng land, the price of woolen goods made here will be as low as those of the fame quality are in that country ; and the expence of purchasing, pack age, storage, shipping charges, freight and in stance will be a clear saving to this country. J his cannot be rated at less than 20 per cent, on all our importations Think of these things my countrymen, and let your Patriotifin appear by your conduct. Utility cj planting Willow Trees in Burying Grounds. FOR many years pad, the phi'.ofophcrs and phvficians of Eu rope have borne a testimony against the interment of the dead in the centre of large cities. But since the difcoverv of the ufefulnefs «t trees in absorbing putrid air, and discharging it in a pure Hate much less *vil than formerly is to be apprehended from ifns p , dr ' tice. To derive and extend the utmost possible benefit from this discovery, would it not be an a a ot humanity in each of our reli gious societies, to surround their grave-yards with trees ? They would afford a {hade to a ctfnfiderable part of our city, and add to it! coolness and ornament in the summer. The weepm* wil low would accord mod with the place. U puts forth its leaves tarly in the (pring, and returns them late in the fall. Befidcs, Doflor Priestly has demonstrated, that it is the best and quickelt correttor of impure air, of any tree that grows. Its rapid growth ■will moreover, in a f«w years, give us all the advantages we expect ,rom Mufcum. PORTLAND, May 9. We have heard from Falmouth, that at a late meet ; n;r of that town, the inhabitants were all, except four, in favour of a lepa ra un from the other part of the Commonwealth. A: Standilh, 46 were for, and 16 againll the measure. At Hallowell and Vaffalborough, they were all in favour of a separation. Ihe inhabitants of Portland are on Wednesday next to confi- and decide upon the question. N E W-Y OliK, May 20. Tlie St. James's Chronicle of the 15th March, fays, the toial average price of wheat in Eng land, and Waies, per bushel is 6s. qd. £~/ce LANSIrtGBURGH, May 13. Ihe Hon. Oliver Phelps and Ifracl Chapiri, Esquires, are appointed the judges of the court of common pleas of the county of Ontario ; Ju dah Colt, Esquire, iherifl", and Nathaniel Gorhain, jun. Esquire, Clerk. The road from the weft branch of Mohawk l i ver contracted for byMefl! Pepoon and Edwards, mentioned in a late paper, is found to be a mis take ; it ourfhc to read from the wejiern branch of the Delaware. BOSTON, May 14 On Thursday the Circuit Court of the United States was opened in this town. The procellion was formed at the Senate-Chamber, and proceed ed therefrom in the following order : Eighr Constables, with Itaves. Deputy Marlhals Bradford and Thomas. Marshal Jackson. Chief Judge Jay. Judge Cushing—Judge Lowell. Attorney of the United States—Attorney-General of this State. Clerk—Rev. Mr. West Barristers, Counsellors, other Gentlemen of the Bar, and Citizens, two and two Tlie pro'cefiion having arrived at the Coin* House, and the usual Proclamations being made, a very refpecfiable Grand Jury was sworn, (of which Mr. Thomas Harris, of Charleltown, was appointed Foreman) —After which the Chief Justice delivered to them a (hort and elegarit ex tempore Charge. From a Briflol paper of the 26th March, brought by Capt. Wilder, w: have extracted the following : — Paris, March 20. A meifenger extraordinary sent from the Northern Department has brought to the National Aflembly intelligence of the most afflicfting kind from Douaj. The seizure of a boat full of corn gave rife to a dreadful commo tion; and to quell which the troops of the line being brought ouc, refufed to obey their com inlander. The municipality being unwilling to declare the martial law, the fury of the insur gents had full scope for its execution ; and two of the national guards, who wished to interfere in the riot, were suspended at the fatal lantern post. The members of the deparsment, terrified at chefe proceedings, would not flay any longer in the town, but fee off to hold their fittings at Lisle. Philadelphia, May 25. In arbitrary governments, there are no " fixed principles," whether the adminiftratton be in the hands of the one, ihefew, or the many It is efll-ntial to a free government iha there thould be " fixed prin ciples" ia its conflitution : The jorm of theConftitution may be al tered, modified, and adapted to particular circumstances ; but the great principles always remain—they are unchangeable : These principles refpeft the unalienable rights of man in all possible fi xations, whether in a civil or savage state : They exist indepen dent of government, or society—are ins-parable from a /late of freedom, and are therefore the basis of every free Constitution— they refpea the rights of the minority as well as the majority, and cannot be " annihilated" without the interpolation of despotic power. With all the guards to libeity that can poflibly be devised, such is the prevailing influence of riches, honors and pteajures, that mankind in all ag?s have facrificed their precious rights and pri vileges to gratify their appetites for these baubles: And it is in vain to talk, of equal rights, ar.d of constitutions, to a people who are uninformed—for as an enlightened people can never be ensla ved—so it is impoflible that an ignorant people can long continue fr «- —What is the duty then of real patriotism ; Is it to cry aloud that Liberty is in danger, when every man fits quietly and securely underhis own vine and fig-tree, having i,one to make him afraid f Is it to pretend extraordinary zeal in the cause of freedom, while no exertions are made to place the people out of the reach of ty ranny, by addingto the bleflings of liberty, the means of perpe tuating the invaluable inheritance ? The following extradl from Dr. ADAMs'Defence of the American Constitutions, on this point, will remain a monument of his penetration and philanthropy, so long as genuine patriotism is conlidered a virtue—Ue observes, " The inftruftion of the people in every kind of knowledge that canbe of use to them in the prafticeof their moral duties as men, citizensand christians ; and of their political and ciril duties as members ol society and freemen, ought to be the care of the pub lic, and of alf who have any (hare in the condu6t of its affairs, in a manner that never yet has been praftifed in any age or nation : The education here intended, is not merely that of the children o. the rich and noble, but of every rank amJ clafjof people, down to the lowest and poorelt: It is not too iitSfch to fay, that schools or the education of all should be placed at convenient distances, and maintained at the public expence." In this way, and this only, can we provide fuflicicnt checks to a baneful aristocracy, wnich is always disposed to monopolize the avenues of knowlege to the exclusion erf the great mass of the people. No greater fole cilm can exist, than that a man (hould be a friend to Freedom and at the fame time opposed, or indifferent to the means of learning among the people, except it be this, That a friend to an universal inftruftion of the people, in the knowledge of their sacred, civil, and political rights, (hould at the fame time, be an enemy to public liberty ! On Friday the 20th inft. the Hon. Thomas Jefferson, Efq S-crctary of State, and the Hon. James Madison, Esq. arrived at New-York, from the Scat of Government, on a tour to the East ward. The Grand Vizir Haffan Pacha lias been deposed and beheaded Papers from London, received by a late arrival at New-York inform, that there is not the least idea of peace at Petersburg' Ruflia but on the contrary, every thing wears the appearand of war. On thequeftion for commiting the bill on the unclaimed di vidends, in the Houle of Commons, March 15, there appeared in tavor of the commitment 191— againfl it 83. Lend on papers of a late date, fay, that the Pope has disowned and cxcoinmuoicated all the new Bilhops of Francc. 31 ExtraH oj a Utter f,em a laly in Chtrltjlm, to heirffiend in this city, " O nr city lias been iniuch a bustle all this week, and every body so much taken uji with our be loved President, that little or nothing like busi ness has been done, as you will fee by the news papers 1 fend yon. He arrived lalt Monday—and was received with every pofiible demonltration of joy ; almost every body went to fee him, ea ger to have a fight of a man they so much love— I went among the reft ; tho 1 had seen him so often, I wished to have one more look, as tis pro bable it will be the last time. On Wednesday evening he honored the cor poration ball with his company ; the collec tion was very large and brilliant indeed—near ly 2 Jo ladies, elegantly drefled—many wore sash es and ribbons 011 their heads with his picture painted on them, and different inlcriptions in gold and silver letters, pertinent and fentiinental. When he entered the room joy sparkled in every countenance ; but more I'o when, after being seated a few minutes, he rofs, went all round the room and bowed to every lady—this gave particular fatisfa&ion, as every one was anxious to have a good view of him. The city hall was elegantly prepared for this occasion ; The pillars were all entwined with laurel and flowers. On Thursday the Governor gave a public dinner, and in the evening there was a concert, given by the St. Cecilia Society—at which the number of ladies exceeded those at the ball. The President dined with the Governor, and passed the whole evening at the concert he gratified the company greatly by frequently star.ding up, and with charming ease and digni ty walked about the room anticipating the willi es of every spectator. On his entrance, and ac his retiring, pieces prepared for the occasion were performed. The heartfelt fatisfatflion de pid;ed on every countenance, was reflected from one which beams with benignity on all. The bells have been ringing and gnns firing every day since his arrival ; yesterday howevei" was pretty quiet as lie dined at a private din ner with Major Butler. This day he is to dine with the merchants—and on Monday next he takes his departure for Savanna ; May every protecting angel be his guardian." Asa iyiuptooi that a more enlarged plan of po- Hey will in future be adopted by the Britifli go vernment, leave has been given to bring a bill into the House of Commons, for the relief of the proteiling Roman Catholics, by a repeal of thefeveral penal laws against them now in exist ence. This motion met with little or no oppo sition even from the minister. We are left, by the latest foreign prints, to wander in the wilds of conjecture as to Eui'opean news and politics. It seems the Grand Seignior has sworn that he will not make peace with Ca tharine, till she has expiated for her cruelties at Ifmael ; we do not learn whether his fubjedts have sworn to support the oath taken by Aclimet; some accounts wear a different appearauce so that as to peace between Ruilia and the Porte, we are just at the point we fat out from months ago—uncertain. It seems to be very problematical what part Great-Britain means to take in this war whe ther coercive, mediatorial, or neutral ; it is probable that Catharine will pursue her objedl without consulting any of the other powers meantime the stock-jobbers mull have something to form the basis of fpeculatien, and whether Great-Britain Jhall interfere or jiot P appears the most obvious question for the moment—this be ing the cafe, nothing but positive jafts can be de pended upon in all that we read on the fubje<ft. With refpe<st to French affairs, the English papers gi«e accounts of various infurre&ions in the provinces—but they appear to be merely lo cal and temporary—and have no important af petft on the revolution—so far from this, it does not appear that there has ever been in contem plation any fei'io'us plan of a counter-revolution and perhaps to this hour all the oppofiiion that has been made to the decrees of the national af fenVbly, has not been more than was neceflary to keep alive the fire of patriotifin. This was re markably the cafe in these United States at the commencement of theconteft with Great-Britain —In some States there was a greater proportion of dftaffetfion to the cause of liberty, than in others, but the whole quantum produced and kept alive, a watchful, vigorous and animated oppofuion, which finally carried us to the con fum niation of our wishes. It is the prayer of all good men, and of Americans in particular, that the cause of freedom in France may obtain a compleat and glorious triumph, and that the es tablishment of a free and equal constitution in that great empire may forever blast the hope! of defpotifin both in Church and State. Pft ICE CURRENT.— PUBLIC SECURITIES, FUNDED DEBT. : 7ji. 17/2 pt.£ 9/' 9A o/i._ 6 pr. Cents 3 pr. Cinti Dcfered 6 pr. Cents UNFUNDED DEBT. Final Srttl.and ntl.et Certificates 16 Indtnts qfr N. and S. Carolina atbts, icj. May 7, 1. 86 pr. cem. 46 no. 45 do. 80 43 do. d».
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers