A HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. FRIDAY, July 23. f)ebate on the amendment of the Senate to the Fund ing Bill, to affabie a part of the State Debts. Mr. Smith. (S. C.) * Concluded. THE opposition to the alTumption was ftrongeflfrom the States of Virginia and Maryland, and was founded in a belief that those States would be coniiderably injured by it. It had been said that they had cxtinguifhed a considerable portion of their State debts, and had placed the balance in a convenient train of fcttlcment : the'Scate of Virginia,including Kentucky,he faid,was a very targe and opulent State, abounding in internal iefoiirces,and the exertions the had made towards the discharge of her debt ought ndt to be eftimated'by a eompaiifon with other States, but by • reference to her own lizc «ntd ftrcngth : exertions which rn'fght appear considerable when put in opposition to those of fmallerStates, would perhaps appear of less importance when her magnitude and vail resources Werecontcmplated. The mem bers from that State had not informed the h«ufe of her debt had been discharged, tlio* they had generally spoken of a large fuin ; he had been informed that it did not in the whole exceed three millions of dollars ; now this was surely a moderate sum to be raised in a period of eight year* by a State which, ac cording to a refpc&able author, might without inconvenience, even in the time of war, raise 1,500,000 dollai* annually. 'But South-Carolina, a State of not half the size and population, had paid mote than three millions of her debt, although Ihc had un qucflionably fullered much more by the war. With refpett to the State of Maryland, notwithstanding Hie had fortunately efcapcd the, ravaging hand of the enemy, yet ftie was obliged to resort to her confiscated property as a fund tor the discharge of her debt, while South-Carolina had, in pursuance of ihe treaty of peace, and the recommendation of Congress, libe rally relinquished a mass of valuable conftfcated property, with which lhe might lftng ago have funk every farthing of her debt. Upon iuveiligation it did not then appear,that those States were entitled to more applause for their exertions, or would be more injured by the assumption than other States ; but admitting, he said, that their exertions have been confiderablc, they will ob tain a credit for them in the final fettle men t, and will become creditor States in proportion to their advances. The afluihptfon will be favorable to both the. debtor and creditor States ; thefor mer will be relieved from their debts, and will not be compelled to pay their balances by dire& taxes which they otherwise niuft do ; the latter can receive their balances by no other process ; af ter the alTumption, th*re will be more creditor than debtor States,' consequently there will be a majority in both houses to enforce a ■ftttlenient and payment. The advantages to the States in general will be considerable; relieved from a grievous preflure of State debt, and from an expensive mode of taxation, they will apply their internal resources to the improvement of their manufa&ures, the opening their inland navigation, and the encreafing of their cxpotts. The non-aflumprion will \>c produ&ive of endless embarrass ments ; some States were unable to discharge their debts with the aid of the impost and excise ; how will they be equal to it, de prived of those resources, or having only a partial afliftance from the latter ? If the Union (hould rtfort to the excise as well as the impost, the States will have nothing left hut dire& taxation, and can thev with that resource alone defray their civil lift and con tingent annual expcnces, and fink their debts ? The States will be compelled to carry on a warfare of revenue againll each other: manufactures prote&ed bry duties in a manufacturing Sfate will be crushed by a heavy excise in a consuming State; excise will be la'id on import, and excise will be laid against excise, and the people will be ground between the rival systems. One of the principal causes of the present government was the mifchief re fusing from a conrrariety of commercial regulations in the dif ferent States ; the no'n-aflumption will renew ihcfe einbarruffments —will defeat one of the main obje&s of the constitution, and bef repugnant to its very ■principles ; the meeting at Annapolis had in view a uniform system of commercial regulation* and duties and from that meeting fpiungtHe prefcqt conftjtution. Th£ rejection* of this measure will induce a repetition « f a)L ihofe clashing iyf tems whicto were so injurious to our"trade and manuta£lures. A-slhe assumption relates to the government of the United States, there can be no doubt that viewing it as a federal question, it will be a measure, which will contribute to the more durable union of the States and will greatly facilitate the collection of the revenue. It will lie just and politic : Jult, brraufc the*xpences were incur-■ red in the common cause, and ought to belaid from the com mon treasury ; and because Congress are ejtclulivelv poficir>_d of the betV rtfources of the country ; politic, becaufc the State sys tems nf revenue will obftrufi and injure the national system and impai- the credit of the United StMcs. These conliderations should have weight with those who arefpecially appointed to ad minnler this government. — In < great national queliion they %iuld not futfer local confideranons to warp their judgment and influence a vote-on which perhaps the very exigence ot the union may defend. Will it be denied that there -will be a clashing be tween fche States on the fubjeft of taxes and exiifcs, that there will be heart burnings on the part of the State creditors who will be left destitute while ample provision ij made for the continental creditors ; that many of them will not only connive at frauds in iNe revenue, but will even promote tliem to-rcducethe continent al creditor to a level with themlelvrs, that smuggling, infteod of being viewed as a crime against the union, will be deemed an ui tiocent a£l, and even brcflme popular ; because those who think abandoned by the government will feel themSclves juf lificd iu thwarting the colleftiottof a revenue which is to be dis tributed with so partial a hand ; shall one creditor be ruined be caufc hp happened to be a citizen of a State, diltant from the re fidcnce of Congress, and received State securities, while another,' perhaps less meritorious (for he might not have been a voluntary, creditor) will have the principal and interest of his debt well funded, and a conformable subsistence provided for the remainder; of his days? Shall the baie ciicumftance of a continental comj miffioner not going into a diltant State till a considerable time af ter the peace, to liquidate the claims of its' citizens, deprive them, ef a coinpenfatipn for their services, or a retribution tor their property employed in the common cause ? Or (ha'.i the (offerings! of a State dining the war be aggravated as the peace, by saddling her with the payment of a large debt incurred for general purpo- Jes ? When thefc reflections rulH on the minds of the State cre ditors, would it be surprising that they Ihould abhor a govern-, merit b,y which they (hall be treated with futh palpable inj-iftice il llut it is contended that jultice will be done them by leaving the payment of their demands to the several States ? And that jus* tice will be also done tq those States which have made greater ex ertions than-ethers on a final I'ettlement of accounts. With res, pett to' the latter STileWation, itYannot be urgrd with finTritv by thyfc who ha«c d-Kared themftlve* purfuaded that, no fettle? jiic.-it will cyct taKc pl.v>e, and who hive relied on that circum-t (lance as an argu me«t agairift the aflumption, bccaufe, fay they, it is unjust that the States which have made considerable efforts linje the peace to*difcharge their debts, should he taxed a second time to contribute towards the debts of other States; when this ob jection is obviated, by telling them that on a final settlement of accounts, they will have credit for these payments, and that the smaller the debt which is aflumed by the union, the larger will be their balance as creditor States, they ridicule the idea ot any final adjuflment of account* ; now when it is declared that theairuinp tion isneceflary to do jufiice to those States which made the moil confidcrable exertions to repel the enemy, we are referred, for that juflice to a final fettlemcnt of accounts. ISut cither-there will be a fettlcnient or there will not ; If there will be a feujement, no injuflice will be done by the alTuinption to tWe States which have already paid off a portion of their debts, for on such settle ment thry will have credit for their payments with interest, and will have iheir advances refunded : If there will not be a fcttle ment, the argumeut in of the assumption is unanlwerable, for it is the only mode by wl\ich jufticc£*m be done to the States which were moll expo fed to the attacks of the enemy, and made the greatest advances in the common defence. But if there be uo feitlement, I shall be alked how is retribution to be made to the States which have cancelled part of their debts finee the war ; wall not the a (Turn pt ion be jqjurioua.to them ? I aufwer in a confiier ably smaller degree titan the non-alfumptioii to the others ; because their ability to discharge part of their debt finer the peace is a strong proof that they fuffcained little injury by the war ; and al though they (hould coutnbute to ths discharge of the deb*s of the fuffering States, it vyou'q'be uo more than equalizing the expeoces and burdens of War. Let o# however inquire by. what extraor dinary exertions some States nave reduced their debts, and if in the projjrcfs of our inquiry we should find that they have got rid ot their debts, in fonie instance* with little difficulties to them 'elvcs, and in othe/s with little,benefit to their creditors, we shall not be ready to allow them so much n\prit for their exertion as they wish to obtain.—Some f/ave paid no interest to their crv duors for a number of year , b'ut have cut down the capital of the debt at once, by afaleof confifehted property, or vacant and ufclefs lands—ln this pafe the State ipade no exertions ; her citi zens were not taxed, por was her government put to any incon venience or difficulty—tfcie property of her enemies* which Con grefsat the peace recommended tt/them to restore, or unappro priated back lands were applied *to'the discharge of the debt, while the creditor after waiting several years'without receiving any interest on his certificate was obliged to receive the principal in confiscated property of wild lands, at an extravagant price. Others have dil'charged their debts with depreciated'paptr or by taxes payable in the principal of-their debt, or by Jother arrange ments as little burdenfomc to the State as advantageous to the cre ditor. No material injury therefore can reiult to thcic States, even (hould they never have credit for such payments. Mr. Smith then observed, that the juilice, policy, expediency, and even neceflity of the allumption being ev\dent in every view in which it could be contemplated, and the mifchiets which would flow from a rejection of it being equally obvious and alarming, he trusted it would on a further consideration be agreed to. A fund ing fyftrtn without it would want the only basis on which it Coufd Aanc\; justice and the confentof the people were necelTary loi its exigence ; (hould it appear to them partial and unjyih.its opera tion would be embarraired and the continental creditors them selves woiild be the firft persons to lament the absence of that ne •ceflary ingredient without which it would be vain arid ineffectual He then to some of Mr. Jackson's obfervatious. REMARKS ON THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, IN vulgar speech, the word got answers a ftrcat variety of pur poses : A man has get a horfc ; his house done :-has got his leg broke ; hasgqt his wheat to reap ; has got to go to work : A boy has got \u get hisleflon, or has got his(Ton to get: In short, if I attempt to ok ntion a thousandth part oi the ways by Which this poof got is abused, I fhouid have a task indeed. Let arty farmer who comes from his field and fits down to read this paper, afic himfelf whether it is not quite as easy to fay he has a horfc, as to lay, he has got a Horfc, and cafier to fay he mujl go, than to fay, he has got'to go. Let me ask whether it does not found better to fav.' he mull get a cart," than to fay, 4 * he has got to get a cart ?" If he ihoutd ihjnk this a matter of no consequence, I can only lose my labor of writing—no harm will be done. Again; it is" a custom with our modest country people to.ask questions thus ; 'you dont want any corn, do you : You have not any rum to fell ,havc you, you dont want to buy veal, do you ? New-England.people are much laughed at, for Jthis singular prac tice ; and indeed it is ridiculous.. Let meafkour market people why it is not juflt as eafv to ask a decently and directly at once ;do you want to buy veal; or, will,you buy corn ? One wuo'ld think it beftto finilh theburincf* dvrettly andhandfomcly. And here let me to my countrymen a lit-tJe more drci flon in aiifw'ering aueitions. If I aik a man a civil question, 1 Want a dirfcft artfwer : I want no round aboqt indirect answers, such as," I don't much care if Ido ;. I don't know but J will; I can't tell whether 1 will or not. There may be cases when such an inde cisive ahfWer is neceifary ; but if I ask a man to cat or drink, or take a'ride with me, 1 want no such answers as," •* Why, I don't care much ifl do." How mahy at: there le(t ? Sa-jd Ito a man (landing by me ; WVr a one, replied he. Ne'er a onc y ne'er a one y said I'; this is not Englilh. Never a one, never a one ; this is Irilh or Scotch, it cer tainly is not English. So When I ask a man, how many horCes he keeps,, he tells me, he keeps never a one This is odd indeed ! But when he fays he has none, this is plain intelligible Englilh. . > «■ * [ American Mercury.] LONDON, JUNE 7. OUR Constitution if kept upon its original pu rity, is far superior to any of the boalted republics of antiquity. In Rome, whose constitu tion was an improvement on the Grecian models, the citizens eledfced their Consuls, Prajtors, Tri bunes of the pewple, &c. but the Senate was an hereditary body, and all powers might be said to be committed to their hands ; for though the Tri bunes, who fat in the porch o£ the Senate House, might give their "Veto" to any law, yet the whole of them tnuft agree, asone diflentient voice would set aside the negative of the reft. In these kingdoms, however, we ele<fl our Senators, and were but the Boroughs reformed, our form of constitutional government would come as near to perfection, as any political institution can pofli bly admit. When the news of the late defeat of the Patri otsreaclied Namur, several citizens, well afFecfted to the house of exprefled the higheftfa tisfaiftion at the event. This was imprudent. But when they saw a number of wounded men brought from the Patriot army to the hospitals of Namur, their exultations increased, which doubtless were inhuman. Intheutmoft consternation at the rumours of a defeat, and enraged at the treachcry and info 568 lence of the Royal party, the populace aOembleil •attacked, pillaged, and completely demolifiied three houses belonging to tlielioyalills. A child was accidentally killed in the tumults. On the Z2d, the populace again ail'embled for the purpose of devaluation and revenge, but the garrifoil troops joined the armed citizens and de feated their deligns. The exceiles were again renewed 011 the 23d; at night, and the house of a Bookfellcr was de ltroyed, and himfelf thrown out of a Window. An Irilh Gentlemaii being lately alked what ho thought of Gen. Burgoyne's abilities, replied —" that, as a military man, he was a deccnt farce writer." Being asked what he meant by that, fir Patrick replied.—" the General wrote a good farce in England, and aifted a bad one in Ame rica." Nothing has yet trail spired concerning Dqdtor Warton's literary occupations at the time of his death. It has been generally believed that he had undertaken a new edition of LolV, at the particular requelt of his Majesty; and as he was peculiarly c|Ualified both in critical talents and taste to do honor to such a work, we. hope to hear that it is at least in such a stare of advancement as to admit of publication. COALITION between FRANCE and SPAIN, ITS NATURAL EFFECTS: The Grandees of Spain about 300 years ago fojd the liberties of the people to the then Mo narch, the ancient constitution of every province being governed by its own peculiar laws was abolilhed, and a new system adopted, which obliged the Nobility, Clergy, and Reprefema tives of the people to meet, confirm, and record the decrees of the Sovereign, without allowing them a negative on any occasion. This arbitary mode seemed so well formed for carrying into execution 1 lie opprellive views of tyranny, that Cardinals Richlieu and Mazarine, effetfted its eltablifliment in France, deprived the twelve Provinces of their privilege of making laws, or rather giving their aflent or diflcnt to arrets, parted by the King for the Gov eminent of the Empire, and thereby made France a Monar chy as absolute as Spain in every other rcfpedL except on the point of deciding upon civil acti ons. The riots in Dublin have been of a very alarm ing nature, the election mobs fweepingall before them. Several persons have loft their lives in consequence of the Military being obliged to fire on the deluded hirelings of the party in that kingdom. Ihe ele&ion for the city of Dublin, concluded something like our Weftuiiniter elec tion, the mobility of weavers polling over and over again, in consequence of which, the Duke of Leinfter's brother, and Mr.Grattan,have been returned by a larg'e majority. The county of Dublin election is also finifhed, and Sir Edward Nevvenham aud Mr. Talbot returned. Mr. Tal bot is one of those independent gentlemen who mean to iupport government. ADVERTISEMENT. PURSUANT to a Resolve or ast of Congress of the 10th day of May, 1780, relative to the deftru&ion of Loan-Office Cer tificates by accident ; notice is hereby giver* to all whom it may concern, that on the 2d day of January the houle occupied by ihe fubtcriber in Market-Street, Philadelphia, took, fire and was confamcd, injyvhith was lodged a numbe* of Loan-Oftce certificates as pr. lift below, which were deftvoyed by the fa id fire ; Therefore if any person, hath any objection why the laid Ceitificates should not be renewed, agreeable to the re so Ives of Congress. they mult make them before the expiratio of three months, from th«- date hereof. Invoke of Loan-Ojfice Certificates dejlroyed in the hovjc of John Holht on the 2d day ofJanuary 17 80. -S. No. ' Dols. 1636 r Samuel Cooke, jun. New-York, 6o# 1673 1 ditto. dc. 6ot .No. 1636 »6?3 1778. March 13. In testimony whereof I have signed the present for pub lication. HOLKER. Neio-Yo, !ij July 26th 9 1790.- TO BE LET, On very low terms—and entered upon immediately, until the JirJl ef May next. THAT elegant new TWO STORY BRICK HOUSE, io tjie Bo\yery-Lan«, formerly occupied by Robert Gu» eri Livingston, deceased ; it has seven Fire Places with a good Cellar under the whole Houie—a convenient out-Houfe in the rear, with a Coach-House, and Stables ; for further particulars en quire of MANGLE MINTHORN. (2 w. i. f.) Corporation Dock. This day pubUJhed, And to be fold by THOMAS AILEN, Quecn-Strect, corner M Fly-Market, A COLLECTION" OF ESSAYS AND FUGITIVE WRITINGS# By Noah Wsbstek, Jum. The Mail Diligence, TOR PHILADELPHIA, LEAVES the Ferry-Stairs, at New-York, Ten minutes a tef Eight o'clock every morning exccpt Sunday. Stage Office, City Tavern, ) Bioad-Way, New-York June 5,1790. 5 jC?* Dr. Price's Revolution tuts it the Editor. Price lj[j* AND On virions fubje&s. * Dollars, j'46o.
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