a j PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN- FEK.\'O, No. 41, BROAD-STREET, NEAR THE JEA'CH^JVGf.NEW-YORK [No. 38, (/Vol. ll.j FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITE!) STATES. DISCOURSES ON No.XVlll. CONTINUSD. , I/uu et I'autre parti cruel egaicmeut, Auift que dafrU Id crime, eft- tLfti Vavcuglement.' IT was fo'refeen, however, that the success would not be happy. The King of Navarre, intimidated by.the difficulty of lie enterprize, ,i<!ted with a delicacy, ir<-efolution and complai sance, dictated by tliat foftnefs and moderation whicji formed the eilence ofhis character. The GuLfes, ou the contrary, full of that confidence, which profpsrity inspires, prepared to repell with vigor the attempt that was made against them. In conceft with the Queen, they repeat ed incefl'antly Jo the young Monarch, that his predecefl'ors had always mortified the Princes of the bloody as ertemies' to the reigning branch, against which never ceased to operate, foinetimesby secret cabals, and sometimes by open force That in the prelent circumstances, the King of Navarre and the Prince de Cond=, feeing ttiemfelves To near the throne, under a King of a ten<lef complexion, who had 110 chil dren, and whose brothers were underage, fought ojily to deprive liini of the support ofhis mother,- and his nearcft fflatior.s, thatt'-py might govern him at pleafur , and hold him 1.1 dependance, as the Maires of the Palace had formerly held the Clovis's, the Chilperics, and other Princes inca pable of reigning. That perhaps there was no crime at which they would heiitate, even to em ploying poison, or the sword, to open a paflage for themselves to the throne. The King, natu rally timid and suspicious, pre occupied by these artificial accusations, wbirh were coloured with some appearance of probability, saw with an evil eye, the King of Navarre, andrcceived him cold ly. In the audiences which he granted him, al ways in the presence of the Duke and the Cardi nal, who never quitted him a m&iiient, he gave luri no ir but dry answer" ; that lie was of age ; that he was not refponlible to any man for his actions ; that he was fatisfied with the good services of thofc who governed under him ; and rejected conltantly all the requells and demands of the Princes of the blood, as irre gular, unreasonable, and made with ill dcligns. The efforts of the King of Navarre had no bet ter success with the Queen -piother. • She knew that she could not depend upon the attachment which the Princes of the blood profeffed to her ; lhat as soon as they (hiuld obtain what they so licited, they would exclude her from the govern ment, and foi'ce her perhaps to quit the Court. She judged moreover, thacit would be imprudent to abandon the party the molt powerful and the best eftabllflied, to attach herfelf to the Pvinces of the blood, who had 110 certain support. She determined therefore to pursue her firft, plan : but as (he wiihed to prevent the horrors of a civil war, (he proposed to herfelf, not entirely to take away all hopes from tbe Princes, but to make use of artifice and dillimulation, to divert the King of Navarre, whose docility (he knew, from thedefigns which he had formed, and to wait, from time and conjunctures, some expedient, ad vantageous to the welfare of the (late. In con sequence, Ihe received him with great demon ibrations of friendfhip, and amused him with the faired hopes. li> the course of conversations which they had together, (he insinuated, that the pailions of the King were easily irritable i that hemuftnotbe vexed with demands and com plaints out of season ; that it was neceftary to wait for opportunities more favorable ; that the Xing having palled his fourteenth year, might govern by hinifelf, and without taking counsel •of any one ; that when he (hould find an oppor tunity to 111 anifell his benevolence for the Princes of Bourbon, lis would fulfil all that was required of him, by the relations of blood, and would prove to all the world the esteem and consider ation, which he entertained of their merit and fidelity : that to change, all at once, in the be ginning ofa reign, the older established in the government, would be to gi v e ilie King among his own fubjec r ts,' the reputation of an incon stant .Prince, without prudence and without ftrnincfs : that if atiy employment worthy of them ihould be vacant, he would have a regard to the judice of their pretensions : that in her own particular, (he offered lierfelf voluntarily to manage their interests with lief (on, to engage him to grant them, as soon as (hould be po'lible, SATURDAY, AUGUST, 21, 1790 the fatisfaiflion they desired : that it was not de cent that the King of Navarre, who had always evinced his wifdoniand moderation, Ihould now fuffer himfelf to be guided by counsels, and drawn into rash meafqres which were neither consistent with- his age nor chara<fter ; bnt by waiting with patience, for what depended whbl ly 011 the benevolence and affection of the King, he ought to teach other's, liO'V 50 merit in their due seasons, the favor andbt: 'senceof his Ma jesty. The Queen having sou ndrd at seve ral times, by such general discourses, and per ceiving that he began to waver, compleatly gain ed him at length, bv faying that they mufl im mediately fend into Spam, Elizabeth, the fitter of the King, who must bft attended by some Prince, distinguished by his reputation and by his rank ; that (he had cdft Tier eyes on him, as the p'erfon age the inoft proper to lupport the honor of the nation, by the fpiendor of his virtues, and of the Majesty Royal, with which he was adorned ; that beltdes the fatisfadtion Which the King her son would have in it, he would find a great advantage for his private pretensions, by the facility which he would have, of conciliating the affections of the Catholic King, and at the fame time of treat ingin person of the refticution,or of the change of Navarre. Finally, lhe proniifed him to em ploy all her credit, and all the power of the King her son, to insure the success of this negotiation. .(To bt continuei.) PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTIONS ON T Hl. LATE REVOLUTION IN F R AN C E, ire. CGKTIKUATION, LORD STANHOPE., has thought proper to pals an eulogy on the National Allenibly, for making no dimndlion between Catholics and Proteflains, but impartially admitting both to all offices of tryit and profit ; and invidiously con tra fits our conduct with their's, in refpetft to the DifTirnters, Bnt if their true u.L ive be coDfider ed, they will be found by 110 means entitled to panegyric. By this affected moderation, this specious candor, this cbinpreheniive indulgence, they evidently exhibit a contemptuous indiffer ehce foV the Catholic established church, and the solemn decisions of councils and theologifts.— This is a dangerous unequivocal fyinptom of their malady—a prognostic and a diagtioftic of Athe ism. On the fame consistency of principle, Mr. Mi rabeau moved this senate of democrat/ to address the king to appoint an envoy foi- thefpecial pur pose of jointly consulting with our adminiftra tio'n on the most effectual means of abolilhing the slave trade. Did this spring from the generous suggestions of humanity ? Certainly not. Treachery marks their proceedings ; and the ruin of revealed religion is the invariable aim of all their adiions. For has it not been incontefti bly proved, by writers equally distinguished by genius, learning, and profound researches into antiquitv, that the eldest born of Ham, who was accnrfedby his father, was called Cufh, " which, in the Hebrew language, fignifies black. Ethi opia, under which name Africa is included, is called in scripture the land of Cufh, and the in habitants, Cnfhims, or Cufhites. The negroes therefore are descended from Ham, by his eldest Ton, Cufh ; which accounts for the degraded si tuation these people have ever continued in."— This reafoningis conclusive.—The Cufhites were certainly devoted to perpetual llavery, for the wickedness of their great progenitor, Ham.— Cufh himfelf was probably born black, both as a prophetic designation of his future fate, and to transmit this degenerate color to his posterity. The only specious objection to this very ra tional liypothefis, is obviated by the author of Obfirvations, &c. in anfvver to Mr. Clarkfon's re probated Eflay. " It may be objected," fays he, " that Cufh was born prior to the time of Ham's committing the offence against his father, for which he sentenced him and his posterity to so severe a punifhment —and therefore rhe complex ion of Cufh cauld not have any relation to the crime to be committed afterwards by his father. In answer to this, I obfer*e, there is no impro priety, nor improbability, in supposing that the blackness of Cufh was the mark fct upon him and his posterity, from the forknowledge of the Dei ty, of the crime, and consequent punishment, which Ham would commit, and be sentenced to ; and as a seal of thaf: perpetual servitude to which 565 his defcendents were to be doomed by that feii tence. Be this as it may, it is inconteftibly proved by the celebrated author of ylndent ftlythoiogy, and universally admitted, that the Europeans are the foils of Japlieth : It is therefore our indispensa ble duty to accomplish the divine prediiftions of Noah, and to hold Ham's defendants in chains foicver. Butitisthe avowed intention of the National Afleinbly to weaken the credibility of the sacred hiltory, by emancipaiing the negroes; However, I trull we fliall not be made the dupes of this profane policy : On the contrary, I sin cerely wifli, that the corporations of Briltol and Liverpool would fend out the reverend author of the Scriptural Refmrchetto the Well-Indies, witk a cargo of bibles ; which may be conveniently (lowed in the llave-ftiips, as they are not now f» much crowdcd as formerly. Let him teach tha unfortunate Africans to read and study the book of Genesis ; let their genealogy becondcnfed into a short catechifin, suited to their untutored capa cities, and taught them every Sunday by one of the negro-drivers.—lt is impoflible to lay what a sudden and salutary effetft it may have on their unenlightened minds, to k'r.ovj that their fnfler ings are solely owing to the wickedness of their ancellor, Ham. It will conciliate their afFecftions, andendeartlie sons of Japhetli to their hearts, if they are once persuaded that we hold them- in bondage, and inflict (tripes on them, neither to obtain any b:vf# and fordid profit from their burning toils, nor to gratify the sudden iuipulfe of vindictive pallion, but merely in obedience to the decrees of Heaven, to accomplish the word of prophecy, as faithful executors to the lad will and teltament os- Noah, our common progenitor, the second father of mankind. Monf. Volney, indeed, would fain persuade us, on the authority of" Herodotus, that the Egyp tians, celebrated both in profane and sacred his tory, were blacks—and thence artfully insinuates that we do not absolutely derive our intellectual superiority over them from" the whiteness of our fkius. But, even on this hypothelis, though the Egyptians mighc have been of a dark color, yet they were not of fodeep a dye as the defendants of Cufh, nor was their hair so foft and woolly ; which makes an eflential difference between tliem. Besides, it has been conjectured by the AbbeSpa lanzani, and demonltrated by a late di(fe<ftion at Jamaica, that the cellular membrane, on which the color of the epidermis or outer cuticle depends is wondroufly extended overthe brain of the ne groes, and completely wraps up the cerebrum and cerebellum in its curious net-work. Gonfequent ly, the impreflion made by external "objects on the fenforium is rendered less distinct by palling through this reticular envelope, the nervous sen sibility thereby blunted, and the rational facul ties weakened. By this aftoniihing contexture of the reasoning organ, the polterity of Ham, and the sons of Japhetli, are fpecifically diltinguilhed from each other. The former cannot feel foex quilitely as the latter, either intellectually or sen sitively ; and yet, by this admirable contrivance f they are graciously fitted for that Hate of degra dation and slavery, to which they are perpetually devoted. It will give me great pleasure if this Angular discovery fliould afford the least iatisfadtion to those whose generous, but mis-applied sympathy has carried them beyond all bounds of prudence and discretion on the fnbje<3; of the slave-trade.-— They may now reft allured that the negroes do not iuffer more than they can bear. The dulliiefs of their understandings, and the bluntnefs of their sensations, (originating from the fame cause) alleviate their transient miseries, and pro tionably shield and protedl them from that pun gency of mental and corporeal pain they would otherwise feel from incidental acfts of severity, to which a state of slavery must sometimes expose them. This anatomical description of the prolon fation and extension of the subcutaneous meni rane over tlie brain, Ihould be explained to the blacks, in familiar untechnical language by the surgeon of the plantation, who always charitably visits and attends them after every punishment— as they are always humanely indulged with some hours reft and relaxation,to repair their exhauit ed strength and spirits. When they have once attained a clear (cientific conception of this phe nomenon from the furgeon,the clergyman fliould theji explain the final cause of it to his catecbttn [Whole No. 142.]
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