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DAVIS Wilkes-Barre 18 Scott Street Wilkes-Barre VA 2-2188 “| mostly because I wantéd to learn David Vann, a graduate of Westmoreland High School and Wilkes College is now a Rotary scholar at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa. His year in Africa is being spon- sored by the Wyoming Rotary Club. David’s letters will appear at intervals in The Post—Editor I have been somewhat reticent writing about ‘the native question, Allstate takes the red tape and high cost out of auto insurance. Claims are set- ~~tled “on the spot” in many cases, without home-office red tape. And savings of 209, are common, com- pared with rates of most other companies. Stop in or phone today. TED J. ZAWILA, Agent 33 Spring St., Shavertown Phone ORchard 4-4361 You're in good hands with ALLSTATE py Insurance Companies =n HOME OFFICE: SKOKIE, ILL. Thinking of Building? .DODSON BUIL N == WHE CALL 3 Locations In The ~ Back Mountain ~ ‘South Africa's Problems Date From Founding—They Are Big By DAVID VANN | journalists, & HUDAK DERS HADDONFIELD HILLS ADDITION COLLEGE MANOR and TO THE a Office Residence OR 4-4896 EE CE ENE PR ORS NEW GOSS MANOR | We Will Welcome Your Call i For An Appointment «= Phones — OR 4-4891 more about it. I wanted to spend enough time here to learn the various facets. It is true that I have spoken something of it in pre- vious columns, but no comprehen- sive coverage of it. Difficult Not To Be Biased It is difficult to.express an opin- ion on the problems that are faced here, and even more difficult to set forth any solution. In the first place, I am subjected to a thousand | opinions. In the second place, in spite of how hard I may try to be objective, I nevertheless, look at these problems from an American viewpoint, and thus I can never hope to present something that does not have some bias attached to it. However, I feel that I can be less biased than most South Africans, white or black, or even than most who quite: often are superficial. One ‘of my courses is an intense study of South African economic history. The two most important threads running through South Af- rican history; are lack of unity and! confusion. To have even a surface understanding of the color problem one must have knowledge of South African history. THE DALLAS POST, THURSDAY, JUNE_25, 1959 _ . Dutch Settle In 1652 South Africa was founded official- ly in 1652 by the Dutch. From the moment of her foundation, lack of unity was apparent. The farmers who detached themselves from the Dutch East Indian Company, the founding company of the Union, de- sired to trade with the natives, apart from the instructions of the company. Evidences of apartheid were apparent, even then, though it was not called by that name. The Free Burghers: wanted to set up South Africa as a true colony, whereas the company, and the Dutch looked upon South Africa, or rather Capetown, as being simply a stopping: off place for ships be- tween the continent and the East Indies. Van Riebeeck, the command- ing officer of the company, proposed to set up a hedge that ‘would separ- ate the white from the black. Growth of Colony In ‘the néxt hundred years, the colony grew but always the govern- ment set boundary limits which were constantly being broken by the settlers. In 1806, the British assumed permanent contrel of Cape Colony and began to Anglicize the Afrikaaner. He was no longer a Dutchman, however, in the same sense that Americans were no long- { er English; or French, or German. | Moreover, he had formed his own language, which was completely dif- ferent from Dutch. This anglicization of the Afrik- aancr was highly resented, and the STE SZ Ie LZ SZ NZ NZ NE ZN ZENS ZN ZN ZN ZN 2 — MAPLES — Riding Stables NOW OPEN! Back Mountain Ared’s newest riding stables. open daily from dawn to dark. Private trails, — LOGATION — Turn right off Route 309 just below Dallas Drive-In Theater. Take left fork, Upper De- munds Road. — WATCH FOR SIGNS — Reservations Phone VAlley 3-9043 , 4 | meantime, the Afrikaaner was be- effects of it are still felt in the sharp division between the English and the Afrikaaner. They resented this intrusion so much that in 1836 large numbers moved into the in- terior to set up independent Re- publics of their own, away from British influence. In 1820, the Eng- lish had imported vast numbers of their countrymen, to settle the bor- der regions to help cope with native wars. These settlers originally came to Grahamstown, and Grahamstown still has a heavy English influence. Confliet Begins In the 1870's, Kimberley diamond mines- "were opened, and in the 1880s, gold, was discovered in the Transvaal, near Johannesburg. The diamond mines were on the boun- daries of the Afrikaaner Republic and the English colonies. A struggle for their control erupted, which never broke into open war- fare, but nevertheless served to deepen the rift. One of the chief issues was. how native laborers should be treated. South Africa had been a nation that existed mostly on the produce of her land, wool, beef, wines, and ivory being her mainstay crops. On the farms, or ranches, the native had enjoyed a relatively low form of life, and now a chance was seen for introducing him into an industrial society. Ex- cept for the British Colonial office, mo one wanted him to occupy a better station: in life, and in fact, the diamond diggers wanted him to be in the same subservient position | that he had held on the farms. Gold Fields Cause Trouble \ - Squabbles between the English and Afrikaaner erupted again over the gold fields. The Afrikaaner was chiefly interested in farming, and had no ‘khow-how’ in the gold fields. Eventually, the problems caused the Boer War which the English won. The rift between Eng- lishman and Afrikaaner became wider. In 1910, the sovereign state of South Africa emerged as a mem- ber of the British Commonwealth of Nations. Since the. first Prime Minister took office, there has al- ways been an Afrikaaner heading the country’s politics. The English surpassed the Afri- kaaner, as far as business and edu- cation were concerned. In the first quarter of this century, Afrikaaner institutions, - traditions, and lang- uage seemed to be submerged to make way for the English. In the coming more and more irritated at this process, so that when the Na- tionalist party emerged after World War II it dedicated itself to the preservation of Afrikaans traditions. Today, the Englishman decries the He's Your Man..." HRS bY RD THE At regular intervals, an AB.C. | circulation auditor visits our office to delve into our records on your behalf. He’s thorough, exacting, complete. He leaves no stone unturned to get the circulation facts. When he has finished his audit, he tells us what we have. He produces the facts on the quantity and quality of our circulation. He's your man, actually=—he works foryou.'s iii The A.B.C. report, based # on the auditor’ .your guide to more + productive advertising. The facts he reports are your protection. fact that the Nationalists are trying te submerge him. The English all belong to the United Party, as do a few Afrikaaners, who oppose the government. The chief attribute of the United Party, is that it attempts to bring the Afrikaner and the Eng- lish together, but outside of that, its policies are so vacillating that most of its own members accuse it of having no policy whatever, or simply being against everything for | which the Nationalists stand. There | are no Englishmen who belong to the Nationalist Party. But disunion does not only exist | between white and white. Histori- | cally, it has existed between black and. black and white and black. A policy that was often engaged in the ‘past, was to play tribe against tribe. As the Whites advanced from the south, the blacks advanced from the north’ so that when they were | repelled by the whites, they fell back upon their black brethren. The inevitable result of this was that] they were in constant strife with one another. Disunity exists even today, in’ that some of the black members of South Africa, are firm- ly convinced that their only hope | lies in some“ sort of ‘Apartheid, in which they can develop their own form ‘of - society, relying ‘on. their own history,; customs and traditions as guide posts. These people are convinced.* that a “doctrine similar to the American doctrine which was | upheld previous to the famous: Su-| preme Court ruling of 1954, stating that separate but equal facilities should be available is the best poli- | cy available. These people hope that | they may. have even political inde- | pendence in their ‘own areas in fu- | ture years. Another section of the black pop- | ulation, probably the majority, feel | that an equal partnership with the | whites is necessary. In this same | sense, white is divided against black, | with most of the whites seeing the | natives, as necessity to their own! existence, occupying an inferior role, | rail in a white state. When I began this article, I stated that I would talk about the Native ° SECTION B— PAGE 3 given this background, whieh’ T feel is necessary, for the true under- standing of the problem, with the problem, but the problem is com- / plicated by so many factors, that it will take more than one article to deal with it. Consequently, I have’ fig, i 2 BOLTON'S 555 #2 v s findings, is idea in mind that I'll write several articles dealing with the situation |so that it can be understood more i ——. 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These audited facts, available without obligation to interested persons, provide a factual basis for advertising rates, evidence of subscriber interest, facts on-market coverage, and facts for appraising our circulation quality and editorial vitality, = - They tell you, in the precise language of an Na | accountant, exactly how big th id DALLAS POST GOODFYEAR Trade now for Goodyear Turnpike- Proved Tires with 3-T Triple-Tem- pered, Triple-Tough Cord bodies » « « famous Stop-Notch tread de- sign. Get extra strength, and extra traction for safer stops! A terrific value at this low today, and savel $e Have you tried the \ DIME TEST? 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Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers