Freelanti Tribune Established 1833. PUBLISHED EVERY MONDAY AND THURSDAY, iIY TIIE TRIBUNE PRINTING COMPANY. Limited OIPICE: MAI> STREET ABOVE CENTUE. EKE ELAND, PA. SUllaClili'Tl ON 11ATKS: One Year $1.50 Six Mouttn 73 Four Monihs 50 Two Mouths The duto which tho subscription is paid tu Is on tno address label of eaeh paper, the change of which to u subsequent date be comes a receipt for remittance. Keep the figures in advance of the present date, lie port promptly to this office whenever paper Is not received. Arrearages must be paid when subscription is discontinued. Maheall in. ivy orders, checks, etc,.pay able to the Tribun jfrintmj Ctmpany, JAntiteiL Judge Wheeler, of tho Connecticut Superior Court, will have many in dorsees of his declaration thai Conuec* ticut law holds human life at too small a value. Under this law only §IOO ran be recovered for tho loss of a life unless it is proved that death was ac- ; fompauied by sufi'eriug and paiu. The loouer such a law is repealed or radi cally modified the better, thinks tho Now York Herald. The fountain of reputed nymphs in plaster which has lately been dis played on the lake front in Chicago lias recently beeu a subject of spirited discussion iu the American press. Thore is no harm in that. The nymphs were let out for that pur pose, and to discuss them shows a healthy and encouraging interest iu art, philosophizes Life. Chicago ! criticism, however, has taken a more violent form, iuvolviug their virtual destruction by the hoodlums of that cultured city. As civilization spreads the query: ! Where are we to get our furs from? becomes yearly more difficult to an- Tvcr At tho annual meeting of tho jime-honored Hudson's Bay Company the other day the chairman stated that the furs brought to market this year were much smaller in quantity than ! Iu 1898, although this was largely off- | let by the increase iu values. The j field of operations, he said, had been ' contracted by the increase in settle ment and the opening up of tlio eoun in tho Far Northwest. Our railroads are in much better physical condition than they were ten | years ago, and this fact accounts in , great measure for the decreased num ber of casualties to passengers,'but it is still fearfully large. We brag of the superiority of our railroad service to that iu Europe, but there is one thing iu which the European railroads surpass ours very far—the better pro tection of their passengers. They carry a great many more passenger j and kill and injure a great many less, cays the Atlanta Journal. Cultivating Whooping Cough. Tho vivisectionists aro apt to brag jf tho great benefit human beings de live from scientific inhumanity to ani mals. Bat listen to this experiment made by"a well-known physician" who "expresses the opinion that whooping cough is contagious only during the catarrhal stage; and has put his opinion to severe tests. On various occasions he permitted nearly ouo hundred young children, who had not previously suffered from whoop- , ing cough, to be associated in the same ward for twenty days or more with children suffering from the disease during the stage of whooping. In only one cose was the disease con tracted, and in this instance the patient from whom the infection was derived was in the very earliest period of tho whooping stage." By which charm ing experiment he was "able to sat isfy himself that infection was con tracted from children who had not yet began to whoop. He concludes that infection ceases very soon after tho characteristic whoops commence, and that, therefore, in a family it is not the patient who is already whooping but his brothers and sisters who have aot previously had whooping cough that ought to be isolated." Soulier* in Open*. Opera In Russia is sometimes subject to unexpected interruptions. The fol lowing incident, which recently oc curred at the Court Opera House in Moscow, is related by Music Trades: " 'Carmen' was being produced, and the commanding general of the garri son had kindly lent a number of pri vates to represent the Spanish soldiers in the piece. When, in the second act, at the command of Don Jose, the pri vates marched on to the stage, they were thrown into confusion by seeing their commander-Jn-chief sitting in the front row of the stalls. They forgot all about the play, and stood still at atten tion before the general, as required by military discipline. Regardless of the wild entreaties of the stage manager, and the despair of the principal actors, the dutiful soldiers remained thus until the general shouted: 'All right, my children, play away.' 'At your com mand, general,' answered the men, and then took their part in the piece, the production of which suffered, however, •amewhat from the unforeseen inter ruption." Vt,/ *V\ Pi\ yi\ %X % \ | THE YAQUIS A NOBLE RACE 1 <5 Most Remarkable Tribe of Aboriginals Known <£> to History. . 7|\ 3 MEXICAN TROOPS HAVE THEM AT BAY. <* f OT\ /\ TTENTION Ims ty 1 1 again been ill called by the I \\ r/\ present hostile Y\\ 1 /'/\\ attitude of the UIM '/ Y Yaqui Indians, VL/ mouu tttiu districts of jp;-) // v. Northwestern // Yi Mexico to what \l\ I \ is perhaps the I 7 ['/ vi mo3t remarkable 4 y v tribe of aborig " inals known to history. Th e Yaquis diiTer materially from the numerous other tribes inhabiting this sectiou of the globe, says a writer in the St. Louis Globe-Democrat. While thoroughly partaking of the ferocious nature of the Apaches of the American frontier, and entertaining quite as pronounced a hatred for all people of more civilized tastes, they are char acterized by a very distinct predilection for intelligent forms of government. But that any restrictions or obligations should be pjaced upon them by an alien people, such as they have ever been disposed to regard all mankind not of their tribe, they are disposed to consider as unwarranted interfer ence with their hereditary customs, and hence intolerable. The Yaquis have been a constant source of dread to the Mexicans ever siuce the first attempt at civiliziug the northwestern section of the republic, to which movement the former have been most strenuously opposed. Like other North Americau tribes, they hold that the territory they inhabit is theirs by right of inheritance from their fore fathers, and every foot of land that has from time to time been wrenched from them has ultimately been paid for by the life's blood of the invaders. During past centuries the Yaquis have been almost incessantly at war with the Spaniards and their Mexican descendants, and by degrees their once powerful tribe has been reduced until at the present day it numbers less than 15,000 members. Of their former broad domain all the posses sions that now remain to the Yaquis : are a few leagues of land situated in \ the lower valleys of the Rio Yaqui, in the southern portion of the State of Senora. Here, during the brief inter vals of peace which they have occa sionally experienced, they have made their homes, following their natural pursuits of farming, stock raising and mining. This is the land that has been otficially assigned to them by the Mexican Government. Baak of it, however, in the fastuess of the great A YAQUI IIEr.DER. Sierra Mailres, lies a territory that is theirs by right of their exclusive ability to penetrate ami when neces sary to inhabit it. This is the war borne of the Ynqnie. Hereiutho con flicts of late yearn they have proved invincible, unconquerable. It is a country of rugged mountain steeps, of deep, furnacelike deiilcs and deso late, sweltering mesa lnnds—a coun try inaccessible, intolerable to any thing human save only the Yaquis. Such is the stronghold in which this race of fighters is intrenched to-day. The Yaquis derive their name from their peculiar habit of loud talking, their verbal designation Yaqui mean ing, "He who shouts." The Ynqui, or Huaqui, is ouo of the chief rivers -v.* * v" V / 'v '/i /,,, ,y t i YAQUI GRASS HOUSE, BHOWING UTENSILS. of Merioo, being about 400 miles in lengtl), and is formed of several streams, which rise cloae to the Amer ican boundary in the Sierra Madre Mountains. The Yaqui has its outlet in theQnlfof California, abouttwenty five miles southeast of Qnaymas. the | principal Mexican seaport of the Gulf, i The State of Sonora has an area of j about 71,000 square iniles, or nearly 25,000 miles more than New York, and a population of about 155,000. The assessed value of the property is about §7,500,000. It consists in mines, cotton weaving, china potter ies, cattle ranches and other brauches of pastoral industry. The valley of the Yaqui, which is the scene of the present disturbances, according to TYPES OF THE FIGIITING YAQUIS IX IVAIt DRES3. American scientists and explorers em- ' braces about 12,000 square miles. It is one of the most mountainous parts of Mexico. Tho Yaquis as a race claim descent from one of the original seven emigra tions from tho North, having closely followed the Toltecs of tho sixth cen tury or before, who founded their kingdom on the site of Tula, about fifty miles north of tho City of Mexico. They claim by tradition an earlier origin than the Aztecs, who built cities and possessed a civilization which was at its height in the time of the first expedition of Cortez. The Mexican Government has auuounced a policy of extermination against these Imliftus. The present uprising is tho sixth in their history. The Indians revolted against Spain in 1735. The Hidalgos were worsted in battle, but they made up for their failure in arms by their artful duplicity. The Yaquis revolted again iu 1823, anil again in 1832, against Mexico, when, armed with bows, battle axes and spears, and led by their celebrated chieftain, Bande ras, they made it lively for the Gov ernment troops, but were finally over come. They made another attempt in 1841, and defended their mountain fastnesses with Spartan valor, and for years held the Government at bay. Order was restored by a compromise. The conflict this time will be to th e death. In their ten years' war th e Yaquis were still using almost wholly their primitive weapons. To-day they are well armed. The Yaqnis are 'fine people, and rather deserve encouragement than annihilation, writes an American of ficer who recently visited their conn- try. They are the remnants of a brave anil partly civilized people whom the Spauiards found in Mexico. They iiave never been conquered, and have never forgiven their Spanish ouemi.-s nor their descendants. Their military organization is almost per fect, : id consists of companies, regi ments and divisions. The wife of our chief blushed with pleasuie as one of our number hung about her neck a string of blue beads as a parting gift. She was truly worthy of our admiration. So was the grin on the face of her youngster as ho began to realize what sweetness was concealed in a lump of maple sugar which wo gave him. Their huts were our homes, the doors of which would always have been open to us had there beeu any. At the back end of each were two tiers of bunks for sleeping purposes; in tho front the family squatted, cooked and lived. Mere justice demands that I should say I found nothing but clean liness about their homos, poisons and surroundings, and tho high opinion which I then formed of their general | intelligence, great bravery and in trinsic worth still remains unchanged. They are savages. Tho talk in tho papers about sur rounding them and starving them is rot, for it cannot bo done at this sea son of the year. At this time down there everything is green and verdure ! is at its best. These Indians live 011 i cactus, 011 a kind of brown sugar and on parched corn and of this they can j '?At \ IL * A YAQUI MAIDEN WITH PAINTED FACE. find an unlimited amount at this timo of the year. It is just as sensible to put a man *u a well and talk of killing him by thirst as to talk of starving these Indians now. Just south of the Yaqui Indians is another tribe which is about as largo and which sympathizes largely with the Yaquis. These are the Mayo In dians and they are probably as fine specimens of physical manhood as are to be fouud 011 the continent. They are as numerous as the Yaquis, and it is tli? custom of these Indians to kill all their old men and women long be fore they would die a natural death, aud they prevent the marriage ol either a man or a woman of the tribe who is in auy way imperfect or de ' formed. The result is they have e tribe of magnificent specimens ol manhood and womanhood. The Mexi can Government will have its hands full with the Yaquis alone, but if the Mayos join them it will be a long drawn out contest. Bavaria, with a population of 5,- 818,500, spends $84,800,000 a year on bees* [ INSURED FOR 510.000.000. | Ihat is Snlil to He tho Ajjjcrecnto of Poll* CIOB on the Prince of Wales's Life. | A big insurance mail told me re cently in New York, writes W. E. Cur i tis. that tho Prince of Wales was the I heaviest risk of any patron of the ( insurance business, and that his death would cost English, Gerinau, French and American companies not less thau $10,000,000. i "No other person carries twouty per cent, of that insurance," he j said, "out comparatively little of it is for the beuelit of his family; perhaps 1 not more than $1,000,000. Some years ago large policies were taken out by his creditors as security for money loaned. If he should ever pay his | debts they would of course revert to I him, and might be carried for tho bone ; tit of his family, but his premiums, i like the premiums on alPof the royal families of Europe, are very high i much higher thau those paid by pri j vate individuals for the sumo amount of insurance. ! "It is a curious fact," continued my insurance friend, who spent a good deal of his time in England, "that $2,000,000 or $3,000,000 oi insurauce, perhaps more than that, lias been j placed on the life of the Prince of Wales as a speculation by persons who do not know him and have never had any relations with him whatever. This would not bo possible under the insurance laws of the United States, but it is allowed by some of tho Eug lish companies. Over there any man can secure a policy on the life of a neighbor, provided he can persuade tho neighbor to submit to a medieal examination or find a oompauy which , has recently had him examined. Thus | when the Prince of Wales uudergoes an examination for insurance lots of | speculators apply to tho same com- I puny for policies on his life, or get | certified copies of the report of the I medical examiner and use them with | other companies. It is pure specula j tion. They pay a high premium, n margin, so to speak, or, to put it in another way, they book a wager with | the insurance companies that the I Princo will die before the total of their j premiums exceeds the amount of tho j policy. Therefore many persons would i be fiuancially benefited if Albert Ed ! ward should drop off suddenly one of i these fine days. The Prince is per j fectly aware of this fact. He knows i very well what advantages have been I taken of his situation, but I do not suppose it makes any difference with his habits." Vullt From Ono Tree. 1 At Santa Clara, Cal., there is a Bap tist church which was built of lumber made from a singlo giaut oak tree. Under its brauchos the first Baptist service in that region was held in 1853. When it was decided to build a church edifice it was thought best tj use the site of tho original meeting 1 place. With appropriate ceremonies tho trco, whoso J shade covered an acre of ground, was consecrated for its new purpose. Workmen then cut off the tree twenty feet from, tho ground. This big stump was partially hollow and was allowed to stand for the church tower. A tapering steeple was built on top of it. The upper part of the trco trfink and its huge brnuches were sawc I up into lumber for the main body ol' the church. i When the church stoo l completed, a substantial building thirty feet wide by seventy feet deep, 1200 feet of lum ber remained unused. 'A more sturdy building could not be imagined. It ! is as strong as tho old Saxon churches of England, which were built centnr | ies ago out of native oak and are still in use. —San Francisco Chronicle. Why IIH Wanted a Pus*. ! Applicants for passes over railroads | sometimes give novel reasons for the ! granting of their requests. The latest i thing in this line comes from Chicago. I A Texas cattleman walked into a railroad ollice and asked to Hoe the ! general passenger agent. When he I reached tho desk of that official, he I said he would like to have u pass to 1 stop over at the various stations along | the line. I The cattleman was a large shipper over the road, and the general passen j ger agent told him he would bo glad I to grant tho request, but asked why j ho wanted the stop-overs, i "Well," said the cattleman, "you | see, when coming up with the last ' bunch of steers I poked my head out | £he window, and blamed if ray false i teeth didn't fall out, and I'd sorter like 1 to fiud them."—Washington Post. A loa: ami lfono Story. Dogs and horses generally get ou ! well together, but the following ntory from Manchester proves that in some cases the friendship is something more than a mere toleration of each other. A carriage horse, accompanied ! by his stable companion, a retriever dog, to which he was exceeding at ' Niched, was drinking at a trough near ! tho exohange. While the dog was waiting for his friend to finish his draught a large mastiff picked a quar -1 rel with him which ended in a fight. The mastiff, as may be supposed, had | the better of the battle, and tlio re triever was badly bitten. The horse, ; the moment ho heard his friond's cry, i broke from the mau who was holding I him, hurried to the rescue, and, after kicking the mastiff across tho street, returned to the trough and liuished his drink.—San Francisco Chronicle. Critical ARCS For Men. At forty men begin to feel the strain bf hard work. If they have been ' careless or rocklens they aro liable to 1 break down. Another critical period 1 ie sixty, when those holding positions of responsibility who ure too absorbed to take proper rest go to pieoes. Yet Oman who has lived to that age ought 1 to continue for ten years longer, pro tided he takes care of himself. | T4LES 0? PLUCK 1 km ADVENTURE. 1 I % g njjjixiiffiLTiin n mnifigm menu ®®l IXravo Scouts With Lawtoii. A dramatic story of tlic Philippine campaign is told by Major Graut of the Utah Artillery. General Lnwton told the story to Major Grant as they sat in the General's headquarters at the front, near Caudaba. General Law ton referred to the campaign then in progress to tho north and east of Manila and said: "Tho work of my men during this campaign has beeu simply wonder ful, and much of its success is due to the gallant work of the scouts. Soon after leaving Malolos, I entered the enemy's country and was greatly an | uoyed by tho sharpshooters. One morning I had ordered a halt to make a reconnaissance. Iu front, sitting oin log, some distance to'the front of where my statt'and I were, I saw a man iu civilian dress coolly watching operations. I asked who ho was, and one of my staff officers replied that he did not know, but ho had seen him on tho firing-line many times. Although he had been frequently ordered to the rear, ho had disobeyed the order. "The Lieutenant said, 'He has beeu continuously in front of our Hues under fire, but the men can't keep him away.' Now, if there's anything that angers mo, it is to see a bravo man needlessly expose himself. So 1 ordered the stranger sent to me. He approached, and I was much takeu with his appearauce. I said, 'Who are you, and what are you doiug out out there?' He replied, 'I am nu American citizen, and my name is Young. I have been a scout iu the Indian campaigus of Montana and tho Dakota*, aud I thought I would come out here to try and help out tho boys a little.' "I recalled his name as one of the men who had done gallant service against the redskins. I asked him if ho could pick twenty-five men like himself from the North Dakota Regi ment. He said he could, and lat once appointed him chief of scouts at a salary of $l5O a mouth. Ho accept ed, and the next day was ready, for business. During the campaign these men did gallant service. They would leave camp with only rifles, canteens and ammunition, and be gone some times for four days. "On the way to San Isidro the ene my had crossed the river ou our ap proach aud fired the bridge. Then Young's Fcouts showed their mettle. The brave fellows waded into the water on either side of tho bridge, and using their campaign hats to dip up the water, they put out the lire on the bvidgo. Young and a ruau named Harrington, his licutouant, armed only with big army revolvers, stood in plain sight ou the bridge, covering their men. Whenever a Filipino put his head above tho trenches a revolver bullet ended his career. The brave officers held the bridge amid a storm of bullets until finally Young fell, shot through tho knee. "Harrington ran to his wounded leader, and with pistol iu each hand stood over the fallen man, shootiug at the Filipinos who tried to pick him off. lie held his position until tho soldiers came and carried Young to tho rear,, and later sent him to the Manila Hos pital. Our men crossed the bridge aud drovo out the rebels. "A few days later Harrington took his mon to the front, aud after a hard march stopped for supper at five o'clock. Ho sat down, leaned against a bank of earth, aud waited for mess call. He did uot respond when tho ! call came, so tho men went to look for him. They found him leaning back, his head resting on his breast, with his rifle lying by his side. He was dead. He had fallen asleep and a stray Mauser bullet passed through his neck, killiug him. Next morning I sent this personal message to Young at Manila Hospital: "'Harrington died at five o'clock last night.' A few hours later I re coived from tho Chief Surgeon in tiie hospital this dispatch: 'l'ouug died at five o'clock last night.' "So the two bravo men had closed their last campaign at, almost the same moment. Too high praise can not ho given to these fearless scouts." Heroism or C iwle. The testimony of Mme. Candolarin, who was his nurse in the Alamo, sets at rest all stories of Howie's being found with "a ring of dead Mexicans around him, all bearing the marks of his terrible knife." For days before the fall of the church fortress he had been too weak to lift his baud to his head. Mine. Candelaria washed his face for liim each morning in the water which was hauled up in little buckets from tho irrigation ditch that ran just outside of tho rear wall and fed him with such food as she could get. The mail's dauntless spirit never flickered, but disease preveuted him from taking any active part iu the defense. It was on tho evening of March A, 183 C, after days and nights of struggle, that Col ouel Barret Travis, commanding, had his men arranged in line and spoke to them, telling them that they were doomed, and giving permission to any man to leavo the fort wlio cared to do do. Rose was the only one who left. In ending, Travis drew a line on the ground with tho point of bis sword and said that every man willing to die for glory and duty should step across it. Bowie had been brought into the yard on the canvas cot which was his bed, and spoke flrst. He said: "Boys, I can't walk; but some of you please lift me on that side of the line." He was lifted over. When the Alamo fell B*—^as lying with his head upon Candelaria'a bosom. She was feeding him milk. The Mexicans rushed in : d one of them drovo a bayonet to he clamp into Bowie's breast. He died without a struggle. The point of tho bayonet in passing deeply gashed Candelaria'a chin, and she bore tho scar all her life. Bowie was unable to offer any resistance at all, nor did ho lay two Mexicans low with his pistols, as has been printed a thousand times. In fact, of all the characters of national fume who perished at tho Alamo Crockett was the only one who ap peared to havo been fatal to the last. Dead foemen were around him two deep. Ho died with the baresark madness on him. Travis was killed almost before the place fell. Perhaps the sincerest tribute overpaid to Bowie was uttered by General Cos, who com manded llio storming party. When the lean and withered body was brought into tho courtyard where tho dead Americans were piled breast high—a body so emaciated that scarcely a spoonful of blood had followed the bayonet strokes —the Mexican looked at it sorrowfully. "He was too brave a man to burn," he said. "But let him go with the rest." So Bowie was incinerated along with nearly 200 of his comrades, and it there is a bone of him left it lies un der the now Federal Post Office at the intersection of Houston street and Alamo plaza. The celebrated Pedro knife, of course, was lost beyond find ing. Possibly it is still doing duty far down in Mexico. The President of the Texas Society in WasUington. D. C., has a gavel made from the leg of the cot on which Bowie was lying when he was slain. Leopard Troubled a Gurkha's Lath. About 4 a. m. a few days ago a Gurkha soldier who was bathing in a tank near the outskirts of the city of Gorakpur, India, was suddenly at tacked from behind. Thinking his as sailant was a pig, he (gosh ke latacb se, as a Hindustani official loftily put it) grappled with it aud both rolled over into the tank, where they had a bit of rough and tumble. The assail ant turned out to bo a largo leopard. He left the Gurkha something to re member him by in the shape of a num ber of claw marks, aud thou proceeded to invade tho city, attacking and wounding a number of persons on the way. Ho finally took up his position in a Ktibar house, situated iu the heart of one of the bamars, quite close to tho principal octroi post, the Gol gliar. Intimation of his presence was at once sent to Mr. Innes, tho D. S. P., and to Mr. W. Calnau, the col lector. The news also crept round the station and a regular posse of other sahibs assembled. Mr. Caluau and Mr. Innes got ou the roof of tho houso whero the animal was, and by pulling {off the tiles and poking the animal up with a long polo succeeded in shootiug him. Ho turned out to be a fine inalo leopard, in most sleek con dition, ami seven feet three inches. During his brief career in the city ho had injured no less than eleven persons, some of them very severely indeed. The lives of two men are despaired of; oue of them had, among other wounds, his elbow crashed from a bite. Two men had tlieir eyes dislocated. A few women we badly scratched nil over the body. The good folks of Gorakhpur were all keenly interested iu the oc currence. Hundreds of them visited Mr. Innes's compouud to inspect the carcass, and largo numbers also went to the hospital to inspect the wounded. Over the ISrlak. In his "Twenty Years in the Near East" Mr. A. G. Hnlme-Beuman nar rates an adventure which bofel him while he was traveling in Montenegro. Ke had gone up one of the larger streams at Rieka, trout-fishing. After following the river toward its source for a mile or two, he camo to a place where tho water trickled over some large, smooth, moss-grown stones,and fell some forty or fifty feet. Wishing to cross, he felt his way cautiously along, with the water just over the toes of his boots. Half-way, he says, I suddenly felt tho stone on which I trod shift, and the uext momeut I was over. I had no time to save myself. I simply knew that I waygoing, and then—a blank. I picked myself up after a while, hardly believing it possible that I was still alive, but found I could walk and that my arms seemed to be in work ing order. As soon as I had realized this I fainted again. This happened two or three times; then some peasant women came up. They were as much surprised to 6eo me on my feet as I had been to be able to stand, and said that they had seen me fall, turn a complete somer sault in the air, and come down "smash" on the rocky bed of the stream, where I had lain till the mois ture revivod me. Later it was found that two of my ribs wero damaged, my left wrist badly sprained, mid the same arm splint ered, while my left thigh was severely bruised. My watch, a heavy double hunter, \vn< smashed to atoms, even tho jewels in tho holes being punched out. It was through the watch, so to speak, that my ribs hud been cracked; but I was lucky to escape so easily. A Problem in Kelatlonsliip. On one side of tho Kentucky River lives a man named Joe Curd. *On the other side of the sireani lives a man named Joe Curd, he beiug a nephew of the Joe Curd living ou tho opposite side of the liver. Many years ago they married sisters; both now have grand children. A man out there offers chromo to any one who can unravel the relationship existing between the grandchildren of Joe Curd, Sr., and his nephew, Joe Curd, Jr., and vice versa.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers