FREELAND TRIBUNE. Sstatlichol 1823. PUBLISHED EVERY MONDAY AND THURSDAY 11Y THE TRIBUNE PRINTING COMPANY, Limited. OFFICE: MAIN STREET ABOVE CENTRE. LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONE. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: One Year $1.60 Six Months 75 Four Months 00 Two Mouths 25 The date which the subscript ion is paid to is on the address label of each paper, the chungc of which to u subsequent date becomes a receipt for remittance. Keep the figures in advance of the present date. Report prompt ly to this oflloo whenever paper is not received. Arrearages must be paid when subscription k* discontinued. Make all money orders, checks, etc., payable to the Tribune Printing Company, Limited. FREELAND, PA., JULY 0, 1809. POINTED PARAGRAPJHB. No popular writer Is a genius to his stenographer. The keener the critic the more cut ting the criticism. People who know the least are apt to assume the most. A great many men owe their success to the failure of others. It's a poor sign painter that can't make a name for himself. It's sometimes difficult to get infor mation from a bank teller. Time and silence occasionally suc ceed when all other agencies fail. The small amount a creditor duns you for is often a big sum to you. Any man may deceive other men, but it takes a genius to fool a woman. It Is easy for a man to follow advice that coincides with his own views. When the flying machine refuses to soar it makes the inventor sore. Shallow-brained people bow to the clothes rather than to the wearer. /v man's lailure to accumulate a for tune is seldom duo to his liberality. After marriage it's sometimes a c,.se of two fools with but a single thought. The more work a man is willing to do the more others are willing he should. Some married men are glad that they have the privilege of thinking as they please. A man will Invariably smile at your jokes If you Invite him to smile at your expense. When a woman can't find any place else to put a thing she holds it in her mouth. Rumors of war are less interesting to landladies than roomers who pay in advunce. Some young wives love old husbands because of their ability to transform them Into rich widows. There arc some glass blowers in the country who can work only when the glass has foam on It. A woman hiay have a face like an open book, but a man always finds it difficult to read between the lines. A great many soldiers in the army of the unemployed seem to think it dis honorable to desert and go to work. For every dollar a woman spends on her dress she gets about 90 cents' worth of show and 10 cents' worth of comfort. The American eagle is a tough old bird, but there is a legal tenderness about Its portrait on a silver dollar. The man who Isn't capable of filling the oidce better than the man appoint ed has yet to be born in this great and glorious republic. DO YOU KNOW? Cuba has 1,200 sugar plantations. The Dank of England was opened 202 years ago. A Russian does not become of age until he is 20. A male adult has half an ounce of sugar in his blood. In Greenland potatoes never grow lar ger than a marble. Ireland possesses the most equable climate of uny European country. There are suid to be fewer suicides among miners than among any other class of workmen. A German law prevents proprietors of eating houses from serving beer to people eating fruit. The depth of water affects the speed of steamers very considerably, the ves sels moving more slowly in shallow than in deep water. In England when a man is committed for trial the press is silent until the trial takes place. It does not prejudge. Dried bananas are now being ex ported from Queensland. They are in tended as a substitute for raisins in British puddings. It is not generally known that clip pings from masculine heads of hair are used for making strainers through which syrups are clarified. The largest library of small books in the world belongs to a Frenchman, who boasts that he can pack 700 of his pock et editions in a single portmanteau. The area of the municipality of Lon don is G7l acres. Including the metro politan and city police districts, Lon don is 443,421 statute acres in size. In northern China many of the na tives are dressed in dogskin. There are many establishments where dogs of a peculiar breed are raised in large numbers for their shaggy pelfs. They ure killed when efght months old. The LATEST Levy on NIRII'H Clot lien. The lates levy women have made on the masculine wardrobe has been head ed by the fair huntresses oof: f England and Long Island. It Is the appropria tion of the long overcoat. Whereas men have adopted a special coat —the covert coat for riding to houids, which is short enough to be worn comfort ably while on horseback, and has been found so convenient that it has been generally adopted for morning wear — women have seized upon tha Chester field, and, adapting it to thir needs, use it when they are moving about be fore or after riding. It gives a pi quantly mannish appearance lo a slight and pretty woman, and will doubtless be used for other occasions than this for which it was originally intended. i JACK CHINN'S KNIFE A Ilandy Weapon For a Deadly Encounter A Sketch of "Col." Jack ltd Inventor, When the courts in Kentucky have nothing else to occupy their time ami attention tb<*y indict Colonel "Jack" Clilnn for disturbing the mental peace of his neighbor, and you can gamble that the neighbor is In the wrong. Because he is broad shouldered, und big and stroug-hcarted, pettier men find fault with him, and China, like a big Newfoundland dog, finally takes umbroge nt the jackal and maltreats him, If that can be called maltreat ment. With him the use of a knife is not intended ns a Joke, and Is only resorted to when be thinks a life wager has been made. Nor does ho use :i Howie kulfe, but always a weapon made from Ideas of his own and which some day will boar his name, Just as the famous American dagger has hand ed down to posterity the cognomen of that famous Kentucky colonel who carried his knife at the back of bis neck. Rut why does ho use a knife? The narrator will answer that as Chinu once answered him when he put the same question. Clilnn Is a man larger and more powerful than John L. Sullivan. He has (lie shonl deis of an ox. After the news had been received of the doubly fatal en conn lor between Good 100 and Swope in Lexington, Kentucky, In which the latter used a pistol and the former a knife, the narrator was talking to Clilnn about the dramatic encounter, | when the latter was handed a tele gram, which, after he had opened and read, he handed me. it contained simply these words: He iißnd your knife. Clilnn being looked nt inquiringly, , said: "You wonder what that means | I will tell you More than one year ago my friend, Colonel Goodloe, and Swope had a wordy encounter, I told Goodloe at that time that the other ! man would attempt to kill him and that he should he prepared for such an onslaught, and that lie owed It to his family—he having quite a large j number of children—to arm himself. | lie said that he would do so, ami that he would at once provide himself | with a pistol. I laughed at him. You ; should know that Goodloe had been j palsied for a number of years and that ; liis hands were continually trembling. I 1 said to liiin: 'What can you do with a pistol? There can be no certainty about your aim. You must carry a 1 knife.' lie rather shivered at the sug gextlon, and said lie did not know , how to use one. Then I taught him, I had two knives made. Their ban- j dies were of horn with grooves cut in them to fit the band, in order that the ; grasp could not slip. The blades. I which fitted Into them exactly—not ex- ! tending beyond, like the Bowie knife— i were fully one eight of an inch thick at the top, narrowing to an almost ! razor like edge. The steel was moved hv a spring which, when touched, not | only sprung the weapon into place, hut held it there, so that when plunged Into a body It could not double up on ! the hand as an ordinary penknife i would. This spring also served an- , other purpose. Colonel Bowie had to reach down his back to pull out Ills weapon, and then afterwards get the blade Into position. My knife, however, could he carried in the breeches pocket, and as the I owner drew it. by touching the spring, j the blade would throw Itself into place even before the knife came Into sight, and Its wlelder would l>e ready for battle. I had two of these knives made and presented one to Colonel Goodloe, and taught him how to use It. He said that with such a weapon lie would have no show against a man armed with a revolver. I quickly i showed him that lie was mistaken. I handed hi in an empty revolver and j told him to try to place It against my breast and pull tin? trigger. As lie 1 moved Ins right hand forward with i pistol 1 grasped the cuff of his coat | with the fingers of my left hand, and : with the powerful grip which 1 thus j obtained twisted backward the hand, holding the weapon in such away that he was powerless. Then with my right hand I sprung my kulfe from my breeches pocket and made a score or more of mock stabs into his defense less breast. Again and again I show ed him how to accomplish the feat, and that Is how he killed Swope." It was after this and after Chinn had made the narrator's blood run cold by using hlm ns a mode! upon which to exemplify the graceful use of this Kentucky tooth pick, that I said to him: "But why use a knife?" , He answered: "Different countries have different customs. Why use a pistol? Why use anything to defend yourself? If n man Is seeking your life, why take any chances In the mat ter? Why not at once put a stop to the menace? You of the east look up on the use of lists as preferable to n pistol, and the latter Is far less blood thirsty than the employment of the knife. "But it is all a matter of custom. In Kentucky men carry weapons habitually, and 1 think he who uses j the knife Is a far more courageous man Hutu tlie one who engages in the long-range attack of a pistol. With a j knife you must he close to your foe; ] If you use it on his buck you are a i dastard and should hang for it, hut j should you meet him face to face and I plunge It into hint after fair warning i and for a proper cause. Micro Is no rea son why a true man should not take you by the hand." Reward of Virtue Being 87 himself and ids wife but 17. | he regarded the oatmeal with distrust, j "Is there ground glass or poison in this, sweetheart?" he asked. "No, darling," she replied. Accordingly he sent the oatmeal to j a chemist and had it analyzed, and it I was thoroughly established that there I was neither ground glass r.or poison i In it. and the old man was so surprised he drank himself to death. And his young widow came Into all ; his property. How much better It is uot to be wick- j ed! —Detroit Journal. Not Till Tlien "T suppose you will he ready when your country calls you?" said the friend. "Yes, sir." replied Senator Sorghum confidentially. " but I'm going to keep right en Muffing tlfl that happens I'm not going to lay dosru my hand till my .'•ountry docs call me."--Washington Kl-ar. OUT OF THE nnn —— 1 One sailor in 25G is lost at sea. There are forty-anven Chinese tem- . pies in the United States. Whistling is regarded as a violation of the divine law by Icelanders. The Tartar alphabet contains 202 let ters, being the longest In the world. For S3OO a year a man can, in Japan, pay for a house, food and two servants. Explosive bullets were first used In India for hunting tlgets and elephants. The Free Methodist Church of Amer ica has about twenty-five thousand members. Lots of people marry money, but the | license is always made out under an other name. I The individual who dives to the bot tom of pleasure brings up more gravel than pearls. It occasionally happens that a man dislocates his common sense when he falls in love. Women, according to a prominent physician, have, as a rule, much coarser . ; hair than men. The retail dealer doesn't stand well 1 with the manufacturer when the latter has to carry him. The grave of an unmarried woman In Turkey is often indicated by a rose carved in stone. The taste of strychnine can be de tected when one grain is diluted with GOO,OOO parts of water. The first electric railway in the world was built in Ireland, from Bushmills | to Giants' Causeway. France has kept 200,000 tons of coal stored at Toulon since 1893 to be ready I in case war should break out. ! A fool may insult and abuse others, ' , but a wise man gives people credit for what they are actually worth. There are now over 5.000 vocations open to women. One is marriage—the : others are of minor Importance. The shipyards in Great Britain, all working together, could turn out a big steamship every day of the year. Every other Austrian household and every third Italian family contributes I one member to the national army, i There is a rosary in the British mu seum made of the vertebrae of a snake. ' Another is composed of rats' teeth. | Oysters are such nervous creatures I that a sudden shock such as a loud thunderclap, will kill a whole boat i load. I A moralistic failure is a man who ; gives you advice about getting on in the world, then winds up by striking | you for a loan. The largest steel shaft in the world has Just been finished. It is 27 feet, 10 inches long and Its diameter in the middle is 37 inches. When a dog barks at night in Japan the owner is arrested and sentenced i to work for a year for the neighbors whose slumbers may have been dis ! turbed. APHORISMS. Ability is a poor man's wealth.—M. 1 Wren. Avarice is the vice of declining year 3. j —Bancroft. Candor is the brightest gem of crit icism.—Disraeli, i We enjoy thoroughly only the pleas ure that we give.—Dumas. Advice is seldom welcome. Those who need it most like it least.—John- 1 son. Accuracy is the twin brother of hon esty; inaccuracy of dishonesty. -C. Simmons. Title and ancestry render a good man more illustrious, but an ill one more contemptible.—Addison. Affectation lights a candle to our de fects, and though it may gratify our ! selves, it disgusts all others.—Lavaier. j The shortest and surest way to live with honor in the world is to be In real -1 ity what we would appear to be.— So j crates. I Few persons have sufficient wisdom j to prefer censure which is useful to j praise which deceives them.—Roche foucauld. ; lif activity we must find our Joy as well as glory; and labor, like every thing else that is good, is its own re | ward.—E. F. Whipple. ! This is a maxim of unfailing truth, I that nobody ever pries into another I man's concerns but with a design to do, | or to be able to do, him a mischief.— I South. Call on a business man only at busi ■ ncsfc times, and on business; transact your business, and go about your busi ness, in order to give him time to finish i hi 3 business. —Wellington. FtM IN NE CHAT i fcH. Is there anyone who suffered from writers' cramp because of indorsing checks? No man looks so tried as he who owns a small boy who is old enough ! to ask "why." It always makes a woman awfully mad to have some one say the bright things which she was Just about to j utter. j Just as soon as a woman fails to care when a man scolds her you can rest assured she is beginning not to care | for him. The college bred girl is ill-bred when she thinks that her extra learning war rants her being impertinent to her momer. i Just when a woman manages to get ; her hair trained into a nice pompadour, ! the rumor that bangs are returning reduces her to despair. A bird in the hand may be worth ' two in the bush, but it dcasn'r com pare with one on the hat. Judging by i the price of millinery thus adorn.d. j Just as soon as you begin to th'nk that there Is no one quite as fine as yourself, then at that moment you can rest assured that there are others. | The craze for securing something for nothing makes a woman forgot fatigue when she stands an hour in line to get a biscuit that her husband won 1 (In t eat if she made it. j The person who knows cue plot if a play and tells it audib'y to his neighbor is not so numerous as for merly, because, perhaps, there are so few plots that any one can discover in the up-to-date play. The duration of sunshine in the va rious countries of Europe was recently discussed at a scientific meeting. It was shown that Spuin stands at the head of the list, having on the average 3.000 hours of sunshine per year, while . Italy has 2,300 hours. Germany comes I next with 1,700 and England, 1,400. WAS MAKING PROGRESS. The Patient Showed Symptoms of Ap proacbing C ivaleacenn*. The gentleman who rung the bell sev eral times before the servant let him in wus looking surmised and a trifle apprehensive when Mrs. Blykins came Into the room. "I called," he explained, "to Inquire about your husband's health. He and 1 belong to the same organization, and several of the members desired me to call aud see how he Is getting along. We were very sorry to hear of his ill ness." "It's very kind of you," she an swered. There was a eras a which shook the chandelier. She paid no attention to it. "1 think It will be only a day or two before he Is able to get out and go down town." she added. The slumming of ioors echoed heav ily through the house. "Has he been dangerously sick?" "Not until to-day." "But I understood you to say that he was convalescent." "I think I may su.v that he is so. He wasn't well enough to be dangerous till this morning. But before noon he ha 1 discharged the trained nurse, quarreled with the cook, smashed a rocklngchair against which he stubbed bis toe and thrown the canary bird out of the window. Those are always hopeful symptoms with lilni, and I feel fairly .Instilled in saying that he is convalescent." Her Silence Explained. A young lady fro n the country was suing her ex-sweetl cart for breach of promise, and the la tvyers were, as us ual, making all sorts of inquisitive in quiries. "You say," remarked one, "that the defendant frequently sat very close to you ?" "Yes, sir," was the reply wjth a hectic flush. "How close?" "Close enough so one cheer was all the set tin' rom we needed." "And you say he put his arm around you?" "No, I didn't." "What did you say. then?" "1 said he put both arms around me." "Then what?" "He hugged me." "Very hard?" "Yes, he did; so hard that I come purty near hollering out." "Why didn't you holler?" " 'Cause." "That's no reason. Be explicit, please. Because why?" " 'Cause I was afeerod he'd stop."— Coldeu Penny. In Wnftljlngton "Why those men are lighting!" "Oh, (lou't mind tliem." "But one of them lias the other by the hair!" "That's nothing." "And the other has his opponent's ear between his teeth!" "Oh, come along." "But wait. It may be a murder!" "Will you come along?" "Tell me first what they are fighting about." "They are not fighting." "Not fighting? What are they do ing?" "Arguing over the constitution." Hoii-lloune Needed fainting Too. Rembrandt Daubbs—May I paint your picturesque old barn, sir?" Farmer Jones—(Jo ahead, sonny; but I'd a darn sight rather ye'd paint de hen house—lt needs it most. No I'lutocratH for Hint "What you rendin' Samuel?" "Plutarch's Lives," dad.'* "Say It again." "Plutarch's Lives." "You put dat book right down,son. Dou't you know dein plutarch's Is the wust enemies dls yer country's got? l>at's right, boy. Kf it wasn't for de inlU'oualrcs, and the trusts, and de plu tnrehs, we all might be getting rich an' happy. So don't you rend no more of dat book, son; not anuddcr line." An Exhibition of < J rent I.ore Mamma—So you think George loves J'OU? Mildred—Yes; I am sure of it. Mamma- -What has he ever done to prove it? Mildred—The engines and trucks went past here last night, but be didn't care to let go of my baud even long enough to run around the corner and see where the fire was. A Narrow Kiicape First messenger boy: "Wat's der matter, .TohunU\ yer walk lame?" Second messenger boy: "Matter! It's a wonder I'se not dead!" "What happened?" "Why, a bloke down de street sent a proposal of marriage by me to the gal's ole man!"-Yonkers Statesman. A Way Some Men Hint. "Obi chap." sakl the man who has conscientious scruples against buying lilh own cigars, "got a smoker handy?" "No, I'm not smoking In Lent." "Well, well! Too bad! Say, I guess I'll swear off myself till you begin again."—Detroit Free Press. At Getting-l?p Time When the rising bell Is ringing, Though the world is wrapped In frost, Plunge at once from 'neatli the covers, He who hesitates Is lost. —Chicago Record. Colonial Mr. Ferry—You say this second-hand chair Is In the Colonial style? M rs. Ferry—(lorrr ct. "Well. It seems to be pretty well colonized." mi FACTS AND FIGURES. 'gH Field rats are estS.med as a table delicacy in Cuba. Wooden legs are used by over 1,000,- 000 English-speaking men. The Sandwich Islanders estimate the beauty of women by their weight. About 170,000 umbrellas are left In London public conveyances every year. , There are more than 40,000 mud ca bins in Ireland which contain only a single room. Thursday Island, in the Torres Straits, exports $500,000 worth of moth er-of-pearl annually. Japanese do not care much for no vels. Among 27,000 now books printed last year only 462 were works of fic tion. Owing to the difference In the aver age death rate, it may be said that three Englishmen live as long as five Russians. Among the 3,405 newspapers printed in Oermany, 68 are In foreign languages including 39 Polish, 19 Danish and sev en French Journals. In Germany new houses are being supplied with floors mado of compress ed paper. They are Boft to step on, and having no cracks of any kind har bor no dust. In FIJI there is a curious sea worm which arrives in myriads on the coast on a certain day. The waters are so full of them as to resemble vermicilll soup. After laying their eggs nothing is left of them but empty skins. The weights of classes of students before and after examination have been made the subject of recent inves tigation. In high classes, where nat urally the examination was most felt, several pounds were lost, showing how the mental strain was felt. In lower classes the loss was not so great. Tobacco was discovered in San Do mingo in 1499; in Yucatan, by the Spaniards, in 1520. It was introduced into France in 1560, and into England in 1583. What is probably the most venerable piece of furniture In existence is now in the British Museum. It Is the throne of Queen Hatsn, who reigned In the Nile Valley some 1,600 years before Christ. A German biologist Bays that the two sides of a face are never alike; in two cases out of five the eyes are out of line; one eye is stronger than the other in seven persons out of ten; and the right car is generally higher than the left. Some of the wooden churches of Nor way are fully 700 years old. and are still in an excellent state of preserva tion. Their timbers have successfully resisted the frosty and almost Arctic winters because they have been re peatedly coated with tar. The fact that skeleton remains of elephants are so rarely found in any part of Africa Is explained by an ex plorer wuo states that as soon as the bones become brittle from cllmntlc in fluences they are eaten in lieu of salt by various ruminant animals. One of the strangest streams in the world is In East Africa. It flows In the direction of the sea, but never reaches it. Just north of the equator, and when only a few miles from the Indian Ocean, it flows Into a desert, when it suddenly and completely disappears. War correspondents were employed as far back as the time of Edward 11. Scribes, specially commissioned, were sent up with 4he English army which invaded Scotland at that time. But, in credible as it may sound, not one of the London newspapers was specially represented at the battle of Waterloo. Slllcion carbide crystals or "carbor undum," as it is called, is to a great extent to replace diamonds in the pro duction of finely graduated scales. Small, flat hexagonal crystals nre chos en, from one-half to one milli-meter In size. They are mounted in a steel hol der by means of a drop of shellac. It is stated that the lines arc much more even than those produced by a dia mond. They have been examined and magnified fifty times nnd found to be still sharply defined. PICKINGS. The way to get rich is to spend less than you earn. No man can climb higher than his highest ideal. No one can disgrace us but our selves.—J. G. Holland, If a man could have his wishes, he would double his trouble. Back of every sorrow lies some loy, as back of the cloud the sun. Vice we can learn of ourselves; but virtue and wisdom require a tutor. Praise is the handmaid of virtue, but the maid is much oftener wooed than the mistress. There is enough salt In the sea to cover seven million square miles of land with a layer one mile in thick ness. "Although you count yourself a brighter fellow than I am, yet I can come round you," as the earth said to the sun. There is a law preventing the crying of newspapers on the streets of Wash ington on Sundays and on weekdays af ter nightfall. "I never saw a man so afraid of fire aB Sichenstein." "Is he?" "Yes. He always prefers an assignment."—Cleve land Plain Dealer. As showing the keenness of their scent, it is said that the vulture and carrion crow can smell their food for a distance of forty miles. But then it must be taken into accounl that the food has a somewhat penoi rating fla vor. GREAT THOUGHTS. Justice Is truth In action —Disraeli. Our only greatness is that we aspire. —Jean Ingelow. What has been dene oan be done again.—Disraeli. Conduct is three-fourths of life.— Matthew Arnold. Judgment is forced upon us by ex perience.—Johnson. Age, like woman, requires fit sur roundings.—Emerson. Houses are like the human beings who inhabit them. —Hugo. Money makes up in a measure all other wants in men.—Wyeherley. Take hope from the heart of man and 70u make him a beast of prey.—Ouida. The refusal of praise is only the wish to be praised twice, —La Rouchefou cauld. Courage, like cowardice, is undoubt edly contnglous, but some persons are not liable to catch it.—G. D. Prentice. A LONG COAST LINE. 1 That of the United States Extends Sixteen Tliounanri Miles, Next to the British empire the United Slates has the longest coast line ol any nation in the world. With the new possessions of Porto Rico and the Phil I Ipplues, the coast lino of the United ' States will be at least 10.000 miles long, and with Cuba, which must have its coast line taken in charge by the coast survey of this country, there will be nearly 20,000 of coast to be cared . for. The coast line of the United States without Alaska amounts tc nearly 0,000 miles, divided as follows i Two thousand three hundred and ' forty-nine miles on the Atlantic coast 1,550 miles on the Gulf of Mexico and nearly 2,000 miles on the Pacific coast Alaska, because of the numerous in- . dentations and inlands—those Aleu j tlnn islands, which stretch westward j until they meet the possessions of the ■ "Great White Czar"—has an enormous coast line, amounting up to at least ; 5,000 miles. To compute the coast, line of the Philippines is at present impossible. Spain has no hydrograpliie office and no coast survey in working order. Even the number of islands In the | Philippine group Is not known. Spain ' has never taken tbe trouble to count them. Since the purchase of Alaska In 1807 ' the sun has never set oil the posses- . sinus of the United States. When the morning sun is whitening the bay of j Eastpoxt, Me., his last ml beams are' shining upon the Aleutian islands. Not the least of the burdens imposed | upon the United States by the acquisi tion of new territory is the surveying of its shores. Although begun in 1807, the work of surveying the coast of the ; United States proper has never been ! completed. The Russian charts, which ; formed the basis of our survey of the i Alaskan coast, wore Imperfect, and it will be years before the survey of that | const is completed. In the meantime there is the const of 1 Porto Kieo to be taken care of, and i also the con sis of Cuba and the Phil-1 Ippines. The charts which are. now de- i ponded on for Cuba are incomplete j and unsatisfactory. England and the 1 United Stales have done much work I on that coast in the way of surveying the principal harbors, hut in many 1 eases the old and faulty Spanish ! charts are depended on. To make a complete survey of the Philippine ! archipelago is an enormous task, which will require years and the ex penditure of lots of money. As the coasts of the United States are all looked after by the coast survey, so the surveys of the coasts of foreign countries are taken care of by the hy drogranhic office of the navy. This Is a purely naval bureau, and the ships employed In making surveys outside of the country are all regularly com missioned incn-of -war. How lirenthe. Ulrlch Dahlgren, who after devoting mush time to the study of the method by which fishes breathe bus discovered two membranous valves just inside the teeth, which make possible the follow ing conception of the beentliing of tele ost fishes, which Is given by Mr. Dahl gren in the last issue of the Princeton University Bulletin: "The construction and operation of the fish's apparatus Is that of a perfect two-valve pump. In such a pump there must be a cham ber which possesses two openings, each guarded by a valve. The forces necessary to operate such a structure are three (or six) in number: 1. A force so applied as to alternately con tract and expand the chamber; 2. A force to alternately shut and open the posterior (ex IB valve; 3. A force to alternately shut and open the anter ior valve. These valves must be oper ated In proper sequeuce to the expan sion and contraction of the chamber. The valves may be operated either by separate mechanism or by the auto- 1 ma tic action of a current passing through the chamber. It is to this latter point that attention is called in theease of tlie fish. Here we find a chamber ! (the oral cavity) and two openings, the mouth (anterior opening) and the double gill opening (posterior open ing). Muscular force is applied to ex pand and contract the oral cavity. But no such direct application of muscular force is needed to open anil close the the anterior and posterior openings. ' This is done automatically by the branchiostogrtl valves In the gill open- I lug (or posterior opening) and by the maxmlllary and mandibular breathing calves in the mouth opening (or anteri or opening.) The fish is thus not re quired to use separate muscles to close find open the passages, but the loss of pnergy due to frictiou and retarded momentum on the valves must he ad .led to that required to expand and con tract the oral cavity. It is simply \ mechanical economy such as is found in the heart." I'orto Klcn'a Unknown Flora. Flora of I'orto Itlco arc next to un tnown. The Spaniards never liad en i'tiry enough to undertake a study of Porto Itlco Horn, and they distrusted foreign scientists, who, they thought, might he harboring revolutionary de signs under the guise of the savnns. Two (lermnn botanists, however, by a liberal bribery of file Spanish ofli ■ials. did sueeeod In making a limited survey and collection of the Horn. One i of tlieiu was HOIT Schwasneke, who visited Porto Itleo In 1820; the other, Hurr Slntornis. who went partially over the islands about twenty years ago. The studies of tlieso two men comprise about all that Is known of Porto Btco flora. It is believed that some of tho rarest orchids in the world aro growing unknown in the interior of Porto Itleo. There nre luxuriant ireo palms one hundred feet in height, rich ferus, gorgeous flowers of ull de scriptions, banana, orange, lemon and othor plants. Is the Slato Doomed. The use of slates has been forbidden in tbe schools of Zurich, Switzerland, jnd pen, Ink and paper have beeu sub stituted, even in the lowest forms. The reasons given nre tlint the light grny marks of the pencil on the slat" can not he followed without straining the eyes: that tho pressure which I, is aecesgnry to exert upon tho pencil les sens the facility of tho hand and ren ters an easy, flowing handwriting more difficult to attain, and that the ase of the slate is not conducive to :leauly work. ■■jiiir Lieut. Wm. Price of the San Francisco Police Force Hon- R ored With That Name. r-> DESCRIBES - HIS WORK. Never Fights Highbinders Twice in the Same Way—Secret Signals Travel j Ahead of Officers and Birds Flit. The Only Fifo Way to Capture a Hatchet* men Is to Make a ICu-h—Danger Al [ way* I rom Secret Trap Door* Operated • By Cord* or Sprlugi* Treat-heron* ltoof 1/ righting. lAeut. William Price of the San Francisco police force baa been tight- J Ing the "hatclietnien" of Chinatown in * that city for ton years. Ho ban thus described his work and that of his enemies: j The only way to fight a park of de mons is to be a demon yourself, I guess. Ten years ago the highbinders called me their "white devil." If Iliorn Is anything in a name, all right. 1 | would rather have them believe 1 aui a devil 111itn an angel. | How do 1 light highbinders? Never • twice in the same way. If you set a j trap for a hatchet man and lie gets I caught In it you will never hag anoth icr one that way. If there were 1,500 | highbinders in the quarter everyone j would know it in less than five in in • utes. When I walk down Kearney street and up toward Chinatown these : men have signalmen who carry the news on ahead of me, just as if some one had my picture on a banner going on in advance And these signals trav jel like a flash. A certain wave of i the hand goes from block to block and these hands are well paid, too. | But If they should fail in their duty and some highbinder should be caught redhamlcd all the puuk sticks .u j Chinatown could not save the erring j signalman. A price would be placed I on bis head before an hour, i Besides this system there nre secret I wires and alarms lea. ling to attics and : underground dens where the hlglihiuil | ers hold their meetings. I remember a L big raid we made one midnight in f Boss Alley. We hail located twenty hntclietmcn In a deep cellar, but the next tiling was to get them handcuffed. I knew we bad the right men and that signals were being used. "Little Bete" hail just been murdered and over his grave vengeance had been sworn. Our only hope was to reach the signals or wires. A block distant from the den was a Chinese butcher, on the street corner, and Ids stall was open so he I could look In three directions. He had ; a suspicions look whenever 1 came I about and always began to cut up meat. We watched him. He always went to the same block and began cut ting. Two minutes before tln raid I jumped around the street corner and into his stall. He moved toward the block, but I clicked n gun In his face. It was not a block at all, simply a board rounded to look like one, ami the slightest weight upon it would press a button boiow and ring tho high binders' bell n block away. I clipped tho wire carefully, handcuffed my man to an Iron railing outside and soon had a wagon load of men from Boss alley on the way to the eentrai police sta tion. They were murderous looking fellows, but we covered them all with guns as soon as the door was opened. "S The only safe way of getting a high- " binder is to make a rush. He always lias six or eight doors at his disposal, besides secret hiding places, hlin I doors and windows. I have known some of them to leap Into a "dumb waiter" or secret elevator find shoot up to tbe attic ami jump through a hole l ln the roof. All this in a few seconds. Bight hero is the danger in hunting the highbinder. A policeman Is liable to stop upon a concealed trap door in tho hallway or the rooms of the build ing and fall Into some dark, foul base ment twenty fret below. Wo have to look cut for this when we do tho "rush act." Not many weeks ago Tom Nay lor was pursuing a d<spernto fellow through an old lodging house on Stockton street, and was just about to ; grab him by the "pigtail" when tho highbinder ran up a "trick ladder" to ; a hole in the roof. Tom followed liitn ! and when near the top of the criminal pulled out a nail. Jerked a wire ami Nnvlor fell twenty feet to the floor, while his man ran out over the roof. L Nay lor then hail to give it up. T The roof fighting Is tho most treach erous of nil In raiding highbinders. A man Is a good target in such a place, and It Is Impossible to toll where the shot was tired. But that isn't all. On all these roofs there are trap doors. An officer Is liable to step on one at any minute, while the hatchetmen I.now them nil fit a glance. It is a had thing to full through these doors. Von don't know where or how far yon | are going to Journey, nor Just what j kind of company you're going to And at the bottom. The doors are opera ted by cords or springs. I have surprised many a gang by sliding down a rope right into their midst. Anything sudden is always best. Sometimes a shot fired above their heads the moment you enter the room will have the desired effect Von must show them light from the start that you mean business, Uometlmes a squad can surprise the gaards and lookouts by Jumping out of carriages before tho door or from tin* opposite side of a crowded street car. When a highbinders' society meets to set prices upon men's heads and de termine which among them shall do the deed the utmost caution is ob served. If their wires aro clipped v they arc still safe. At least three *1 guards stand near the entrance, two of them on the opposite sldi. of the street. At the approach of jin officer the men Inside scatter or begn playing dominoes. The bylaws and tho howl with the "black button" ate put in a chute and sent above oi below, where some man Is always In readi ness to receive them. When nil Is quiet again they gather around the bowl, nil blindfolded but the president and see renr.v. The dish la filled with white buttons. If a man Is to be killed one black button is placed in the bowl and the members begin to "draw." Doomed but resolute, is the man who gets 'the black." He rnunt do the Job and money is ready for bis defense if he is caught.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers