Highest of all in Leavening Strength.—Latest U. S. Gov't Report. ABSOLUTELY PURE FREELAND TRIBUNE. £s:atlishod 13S8. PUBLISHED EVEKY MONDAY AND THURSDAY UY THE TRIBUNE PRINTING COMPANY, Limited. OFFICE: MAIN STREET ABOVE CENTRE. Make all money orders, checks, etc., payable to the Tribune Printing Company, Limited. SUBSCRIPTION KATES: One Year $1.50 Six Months 75 Four Months 50 i Two Mouths .25 ! The date which the subscription is paid to is on the address label of each paper, the change of which to a subsequent date becomes a receipt lor remittance. For instance: Grover Cleveland 28June07 means that Groveris paid up to June 28,1807. Keep the figures in advance of the present date. Report promptly to this office whenever paper is not received. Arrearages must be paid when subscription is discontinued. FREELAND, DECEMBER vs. 189 U. How Free Bridges Can Be Had. The agitation begun some time ago b\ the newspapers of the upper end of the county to abolish toll bridges in Luzerne continues unabated, and many sugges- j tions are advanced looking to a plan which will make them free to the public. The most sensible advice yet 'given on this subject appears in the NVilkesbarre i Jiccord of recent date from a correspon dent who signs his communication "Pittstonian." He goes to the root of the trouble in this part of the state, and if h.is suggestions were followed Luzerne county could have free bridges and many other necessities, and yet not tax any citizen a cent more than he is en titled to pay. The glaiing discrimina tion in assessments pointed out by the correspondent are to be found every- 1 where, and. until a proper valuation s set upon the wealth which the Creator placed in the ground of this county. ' there can be no real equality in taxa tion. • Pittstonian" says: "Free bridges are to be desired, and can be easily had if we will but observe the fundamental principle of our state constitution that taxation shall be equal. If one of our citizens puts up a line building or starts a manufactory requir ing a large plant of building and ma chinery he does it at his peril. It i.- promincut before the eye of the assessor ' and severe taxation follows. On the other hand, property hidden in Un earth, while its existence and extent is widely known, nearly escapes taxation. Within rille shot of where 1 am writing is land of a corporation which is valued for taxation at $l5O per acre. For a loi j containing less than one-fifth of an acre the owner is receiving from 8750 to 1 81 .000, besides this the land carries b\ the owner's own statement twenty-eight i feet of coal. "It is well known that an acre of minable coal one feet deep yields 800 j tons of prepared coal and that tiiinable seams lease readily at 40 cents per ton. i This would give 8320 per acre for each foot in depth of coal and say 83.000 pel acre for the surface. Coal cannot be ; mined at once or lots all sold at once, therefore let us drop all calculation ami place this land at the 81,000 per acre I have known to be offered for the surface j and $3,500 per acre which has been of- ! fered for the coal. We then have a total selling value of 84.500 per acre, or thirty times the value placed upon it for , taxation. "The property of the average citizen ! is valued for taxation at one-fourth of j its selling value. Why is this difference? j The stockholders of this corporation are i non-residents. The greater part of Un real wealth of our county is owned b\ them. Why do we treat their property so tenderly and tax ourselves so severe)} V "If coal were valued at S4O per acre for each foot in depth, one-eight of its real value, tho total valuation of our county would be increased to an amount that would make the taxation noccssan ; to buy all the river bridges in the count} i seem light, in comparison with what we 1 now pay, and no one he oppressed by it. To purchase these bridges entirely at the cost of our local population would j he. an injustice little short of oppression. ) Lot us remember that the real wealth of our valley is lessening each year, and I that before the child of today is a man ! of (>0 it will he practically exhausted/' "For real, unpretentious heroism, says the Philadelphia Item, "and a cheerful willingness to sacrifice their own lives to save those of others, the Pennsylvania coal miner stands con spicuous. This was again forcibly illus trated by the late disaster near Wilkes- Imrre." This compliment is deserved. The grimy coal miner taking death in his hand every day he enters the mine pit is a hero of the true type, lie Is thoroughly unselfish, self-sacrificing and oil every occasion demanded shows a heroism and a courage worthy of the Roman citizen of old. Xcrsihaler. Wear Well shoes are warranted to be precisely as represented. You make no mistake in that store. Every motorniaii and driver -hould wear a daneo. Sold at A. Oswald's. Faulty College Education. President Tliwing, one of the leading (locators of this country, writes in the Forum about some of the drawbacks to modern college education. Among other things he says: "A second drawback of a college eciu cation is one which the public often realizes but seldom calls attention to. viz., the training of tlie judgment of th<- student ut the expense of his euergx The extent of this drawback will seem to some great and to others light. I: cannot be doubted that if certain men had had the advantage of a training in weighing evidence and in seeing com prehonsivelv—qualities which the co: lege specially disciplines—they would have been saved from mistakes many and momentous. The patent ofllc* would not need so large chambers for the stowage of useless inventions. Bui J also find myself asking: What would have been the effect of a college train ing on .some of the more energetic men of our time, who have been the leuder in aggressive industrial movements oi masters of large affairs? What would have been its effect on the older genera tions of that family which controls cer tain railroads running between Nev York and Chicago? Would the mar velous and magnificent enterprises of Commodore Yanderbilt have been ren dered less so by a college education? Better judgment, about many things ho would have had; but would lie not have had less energy? Great as is the need •>f good judgment in the administra tion of affairs in tlie home, the factory, t he shop, the need of energy is greater Fewer men fail by reason of a lack of judgment—numerous as these men an —than from a lack of force. More UKM are found sitting at the base of tin mountain of some great enterprise be cause they are too indolent to climb than are there through luck of wisdom how to make the ascent. We American> plume ami pride ourselves upon being the most energetic of nations; yet oui energy lags behind our judgment. li is, therefore, a serious matter when tin college causes her students to run tin risk of losing energy in order to in crease the riches of judgment." A remarkable occurrence is reporter: from the Trion (Ga.) cotton mills. Just before quitting time the other after noon Mint portion of the mills which is propelled mainly by water power va> sunt down because of some deficicnex in the power. The water in the fore l>nx was shut off and workmen were sen' down to examine the large turbim wheels to ascertain the cause of tin trouble. When the men got down L t heir work their astonishment may we! be imagined when it was found that tin powerful w heels, which run under a 1J foot head, were literally choked doui with an immense swarm of eels. Manx too large to get - (through the wheel gait* xxere taken out, and how many smallc: ones there, were that got away no om Knows. 'I he eels weighed 278 j>ounds. An old post office inspector says "Money never should be inclosed in let ters for transmission through the mail- In the first place it is unnecessary to do so, because money-orders are s< cheap; and, in the second place, monex in a letter offers a constant temptation to those who handle mail. It is prac tically impossible lo place money in n letter so thut the postal clerk into whose hands the letter falls will not instantly detect it. i'aper money has a peculiar odor unlike anything else on earth, and the clerk who is disbon est uses his sense of smell in spotting xaluable letters rather than the sense of touch." Some of the Mississippi papers ex press t lie opinion that some otherskit s in the management of their convict: might take a lesson from their state 1 lie convicts in Mississippi not only sus tain themselves, but make money foi the Minte every year. The board of con t ml does not regard a profit as its chits aim, but last year the cash balance U its credit was about SIO,OOO. Mississipp lias bought. 8,000 acres of good farming htirtl and rented or leased as much move and upon this hind 900 convicts ;n< worked, humanely but diligently, so a to secure the best results. There is so remarkable un interrela tionship of families in Powell county Ky., that on the trial of a cuse in the circuit court, when the judge asked the j jurymen if any of them were related to ! the plaintiff or defendant, nearly the en tire panel rose and left the box. The j Boones, who trace their descent from | the great bear slayer, are among these j families. A western farmer wrote to his law yer as follows: "Will you please tell ; me where you learned to w rite? I have | a Isiy I wish to send to school, and I am ■ itfraid I may hit upon the same rchoo! that you went to." A Livingston county (Mo.) farmer j comes to the front as a record sbatterer j with a turnip that pijllsdow n the scales fit a plump ten pounds. BOOMED BY FARMERS. "They Drslrr lo Sie W. I). 11.mr.l Mailo Secretary of Agriculture. William Dempster Hoard was bom in Ptockbridge,N. Y.,in 1830. Iliseurly edu cation was obta.ned in the. common schools. At the age of 21 he settled in Dodge county, Wis. In 18C0 he removed to Jefferson county. During the war ihe t:rved a short time in a Wisconsin regi ment and Jater in one from New York. ,\t. the close of tbe war he returned to Wisconsin and engaged in the nursory business at Columbus, but in 1870 he ; removed to Lake Mills and begou the ; publication of the Jefferson County I nion. lie held several United States I offices and in 1872 was elected sergeant- j at -arms of the state senate. The fol- i WILLIAM D. HOARD. lowing year lie removed to Fort Atkin son. Through his efforts the Jefferson County Dairy Association was organ i/.ed and also the. State Dairy associa tion, of which he was secretary, for three years. After a time, heestnblisliei. a dairy department in his puper n.nd later began tbe piiblifcatiOn Of a distinct dairy paper, calling it Hoard's Dairy man. Mr. Hoard is one of the leading dairy lecturers of the country. In two seasons he has delivered more than 300 addresses, advocating the adoption of improved methods. He is a clean talker and debater, with a peculiar knack of putting things. In ISSB he was nomi nated for governor of Wiscon sin and in the fall of the same year was elected. He proved an able chief executive, conscientious and thoroughly business-like. He was renominated in 1890, but. was defeated Since his retirement from the capita! he has continued to give attention to his newspaper and to dairy interests. There nre few men in tlie United States entitled to so large a share of the confidence and esteem of t he farm ing population, or who would have done more to advance our dairy interests. Gov. Hoard is now mentioned for see iclary of agriculture in MelCinlev's cab inet. NEBRASKA'S NEW JUDGE. In Ilia Younger I)u\k William I). Mcllugh Was a l ohbler. William I). Mcllugh, of Omaha, Neb. xvho has been appointed United States ji dge for the district of Nebraska, i a native of Illinois, having been born at Galena, Jo Daviess county, .Septem ber 19, J859. Jle attended the com mon school at Galena, and when ii the. senior class quit school and, after clerking for six months in a store, en tered upon the shoemaker's trade,serv- | ing three years as an apprentice and j working for some years as a journey man shoemaker. lie then attended the | Illinois state normal school at Normal. | and thereafter taught school in and ! about Galena, lie studied law at nghi ' xxliile teaching, and in October, 1682. ! xxas admitted to Ulie bar of the supreme court, of Illinois, lie began Ji.'s prac tice at. Galena, joining the firm of D j & T. J. Sliccam & Mcllugh. lu the ; v. ,/UV^-NUV. JUDGE WILLIAM D. M'HUGH. . early spring of 1888 he came to Omaha and in 1889 united with Gen. Cowin in the firm of Cowin & Mcllugh, which re lationship he has since maintained, lie has been counsel for Omaha's job bers and shippers in their controversy with the railroads and conducted on behalf of tlie Commercial club the Fti gnition with respect to Texas rate; and with respect to the bridge toll charged by the roads on shipments be tween Omaha and lowa points. Mr. Mcllugh has been a stanch "sound money" democrat and i.s a warm per sonal friend of Secretary J.-Sterling Morton. Big Block <>r Gran tc. Much inconvenience i.s experienced in finding a rail route to New Orleans, having bridges high enough for the largest block of giauite ever quari ie;l in Vermont. The block i.s 15 feet squnrc iind 3 feet thick. It. is intended fo: the noted Morinritv monument in that ' city. It was quarried in Bnrre, and has been moved to the dressing sheds. A special car i.s being built by the local roads, on xvhidh it is intended to set the block on the edge, letting the lower sides swing through the bottom, ex lending to within eight inel.es of the roil. The weight, of the block exceeds • fd) tons. Investigation shows that most routes have bridges too low for the Mock to puss through. Danger in Bad I liccve. Cheese causes much illness in Eng land. Cheese poison is called tyrotoxi ■' on, and investigations have shown that Ihe toxic agent is in the mill;, owing to i Ihe improper management, the milk not Icing cooled until some hours uftcr. I WAR ON GYPSY MOTH. Minims Have Been Spent to Ex terminate the Pe3t. The State of MasHarhaaclt* Opcus its Treasury to Try to DcHtroy the lu irl-llotf It E<tul)llht'(i It ■elf In America. The carelessness of a French ento mologist 23 years ago in neglecting to close a window in his laboratory when leaving it for a moment has cost the treasury of Massachusetts upward of $500,000, the furmcrs many milliom tuore, and the end is not yet. | In 1860 Leopold Tiouielot, a distiu | guished French scientist, was living in Medford. One day u gust of wind blew outdoors the larvae of some gypsy : moths with which he was experiment ' ing. Once allowed to breed and flour ish, the insects soon gave the Bay I state farmers and gardeners lots ol I trouble. Crops were destroyed and : fields laid waste. All sorts of spraying J machines and liquid* were tried, bu* with no apparent success. Selectmen I of the different towns and finally the j state legislature sought n means to ex - j terminate them. In December, 1889. : Gov. Brackott referred to the pest in ;■ ! message to the legislature. As the rc | suit, a bill was passed creating a boar ' :>i commissioners to make investigation as to the amount of territory affecte'. ! and the extent of the moth ravages. The report showed that the moth infected district was 50 square miles Scientists and entomologists were em ployed, and wholesale war was waged on scientific methods. The state made a liberal appropria tion, which was spent for spraying ma chines and paris green, with which every inch of the district was carefull;. sprayed. After the booird had been in opera tion a year an improvement was per ceptible. The board was accomplishing something. But the result was no! a encouraging as was hoped for. Th region which fhe board had treated did not suffer so greatly the following HUNTING FOR GYPSY MOTHS. year. Since that time a continual figlr has been made. Each year the slat iius appropriated a large sum of mone; fo be. expended by the board in keepini up fhe work. Hundreds of acres hav been gone over foot by foot; brush lun> has been burned over for the purpos of destroying eggs and cater pi liars even the stone walls have had to b thoroughly sprayed, so that, no gyps moth should escape alive. It lias been u long, hard fight, bu "Success is in sight. The followiu. table is suggestive of the immensity o" j the undertaking: i Trees inspected: 1891,3,591,982; 189f I 2.109,852; 1893, 4,198,494; 1894, 6,825. 229; 1895, 14,374,945 Buildings inspected: 1891, 87,530 181-2, 22,102; 1893, 8,828; 1894,27,430. Wooden fences inspected: 1891,53,210 1892, 24,930; 1893, 15,902; 1894,35,270. Stone walls inspected: 1892, 2,212 | 1893, 814; 1894, 1,020. Among the insectides used wen • n.binal ions of ammonia, benzine, bro hiide, bromide vapor, chlorine, carboi bisulphide, calcic chloride, corrosive sublimate, creosote oil, coal tar and powder. Those found to be most effect ive were the chloride and bromide va pors. These insect ides were designed for destroying eggs. For opciatin against the moth in the cnterpillui stage it was found that arsenic of lead was the most effectual, though pan green w as largely used. Certain of the feathered tribe liovi proved valuable agents in the moth de struction. Particularly the blue jay cuckoo, catbird, chickadee, crow, robin and woodpecker. Curiously enough, th. prolific English sparrow is not a great feeder on this species of moth. Although $500,000 have already been spent in this great under! king, and tin ravages of the gypsy moth are being re stricted ton few of the Interior towns o! the state, the danger is far from ex t inot ion. The commissioners will ash the legislature to appropriate $200.00! for carrying on the work for the cominy fnt heir labors the eomniisidners hn\t solicited the advice and Inspection oi the leading entomologists of the coun try. The work has attracted much in terest in the scientific world, and many European savants have sent communi cation!* to the agricultural board re garding the results of the experiments Origin of the Yule Log. The yule log in Englniul is a relic of Druid ism; its name is believed to be a . corruption of tLc wheel log. a wheel 'u I) nodical symbolism typifying the march of the sun. The lighting of the yule tiro is reminiscent of the tacred i tires kindled by the Druids at midwin ter in t lie round towers which yet re | main in many parts of Great Britain, Ireland, France and Spain. Bait Make* Thick Leaves. Blants growing near the sea have thicker leaves than those growing in land. Apparently the sea salt is the cause of this phenomenon, as plants . I cultivated inurtificiuUy-*sa-HcMtlspiljriftld thicker leaves. A UNIQUE DOMICILE. It la llullt of Gla* untl a Complete Gerioi cide ou a I.ur£> Hc:Io. One of the oddest domiciles on earth is tihat recently erected at Vokohum i by Dr. W. Vau der Ileyden, the noted bacteriologist of Utrecht, and Japan. The doctor's house is a dust-proof, uir proof, microbe-proof building of glass it stands on theopen unshaded grounds of the general hospital of Yoknham*:. The house is 44 feet long, 23 feet wide and 17 feet. high. Large panes of gl:is . one-half inch thick and about lou inches apart, are set in iron frame so as to form the sides of a eel In la building block. On these blocks t.h< walls are constructed. There are n window sashes, the air escape- Le*n? §i li pfiSSSri AIR-PROOF GLASS HOUSE. rhrough several small openings aromu' the upper part of the second story, bu through which no air from the. oir.e'.d is admitted. The air supply isobta lie from a considerable distance, force through a pipe and carefully filterc through cotton wool to cleanse it o bacteria. To insure further sterlz tion tilic air is driven against n glycer ino-coated plate of glass, which cap tures all the microbes the wool spare The few microbes brought into th bouse in the clothes of visitors son die in the worm sunlight with which th house is flooded. The space bet wee the glasses of the building blocks i filled with a solution of salts, whicl absorbs the heat of the sun, so that the rooms of this house are much coo! er than those protected by the thick est shades. In the evening the inter io is heated by salts radiating tire heat they have absorbed during the day So effective is the system of regula.t TJ; the temperature that a few hours o sunlight, even In freezing weather, wilt render the house habitable. It is omit when several cloudy days follow in sue cession thalt artificial "heat is needed Then it is supplied by pumping in ho air. I)r. Van der Hey den thinks hi has solved the problem of a complete germicide on n big scale. THE WARSHIP MICHIGAN. Popularly Known an the "Old ironldr of the Great Lakes." The oldest steam warship in tin United States navy is tlie Michigan Iler quaint shape, glistening in con tinually-renewed coats of white paint, is a familiar sight to the thousands of summer tourists upon the great lakes, where she reigns, .the sole naval guar dian of Uncle Sam's vast interests. Away back in 1843, says the Illus trated American, when the Michigan was laid down, it was a (lcqxirture of no small note that the government should order her built of iron, and when the size of the merchant ships of tin lakes at the time is considered, there 19 little wonder that her launch the following year at Erie, Pa., wus the oc casion of a tremendous celebration, and t hat the Marine baud (even 52 years ago) U. S. S. MICHIGAN. journeyed from Washington overland b\ stage-couch to assist in the ceremonies. The iron plates for the hull wen; rolled at Pittsburgh,and likewise hauled across to the lake shipyurd. The Mich ignn has a length of IG3 feet. Her draft of only nine feet permits of entrance to almost any channel in the chain of in land seas where, she is likely to go, but her speed of only 11 knots, and the armament carried, does not cut much of a fighting figure when one thinks of modern warship# At the same time, the Michigan, ami quated as she is, makes a sturdy show in her own waters at carrying the flag and can land as smart a party of sea men as many a salty cruiser. In offer ing training facilities for the naval militia of the lake states, she docs ar excellent duty every year. She Is aimed with four 30-pound B. L. rifles in t!: main battery, three three-inch Botch kiss rnpid-flrc guns in the second an battery, and two (intlings. The Michigan is in command of Lieut Commander K. 11. U. Leutz.e. She car ries about 100 officers and seamen, with n marine guard of 15. Eggs Forty Vcnw Old. Dr. C. 1). McCoy, of Kenton, ()., is ex hibiting an egg which he says is 40 yea re of age. It was 281 grains, while a sound one weighed I,loograins. It was brought to his office by Mrs. Norman Wail, of Silvercreok, who tells the fol lowing story: "Forty years ago her husband built his house. lie began it in the fall and finished it in the spring. The other week a large piece &f plaster ing fell from the wall, and Mr. Norman, upon going to repair the damage, dis covered a nest full of eggs, which had lain securely hidden and protected tor the last 40 years." for Infants and Children. THIRTY years* observation of Castorla with tin patronage of million* of perroni, permit us <o apeak of It without gneMlag. It la unquestionably tho beat remedy for Infra** CUldrea the world haa e v er known._lt li liarmltn. Children like It. It vo * them health. It will aavo their Uvea. In It Mothers here something which la absolutely safe and practically perfect as a child's medicine. Castorla destroys Worms, Castorla allayn Fevorlshneas. Castorla prevents vomiting Sonr Card. Castorla cares Plarrhcßa and "Wind Colio. Castorla relieves Teething Troubles. Castorla cures Constipation and Flatulency. Castorla nontraliaes the effects of carbonlo add gas or poisonous air. Castorla does not contain morphine, opium, or other narootlo property. / - Castorla assimilates the food, regulates the stomach and bowels. giving healthy and natnral sleep, Castoria Is pnt tip In oneolse bottles only. It Is not sold In hiillr. P-°_*ny one lo soil yon anything else on the plea or promise that it is jnst as good " and " will answer every purpose." Sao that yon get C-A-S-T-O-R-I-A. The fac-simile SJj? y z^— — is on every signature of "wrapper. Children Cry for Pitcher's Castoria. A (PC AA LOOK MOTHE?:O A KA TE TREAT FG3 YOU ALL. T| A LDJ.UU B°y s Sampson Suit. iviUi Sxtra Pair of Pan!s. for \/ / n AND WE PAY EXPRESS CH/.P'JRS TO YOI'T DOOP. tyu* I V RBIV3EMBER, you buy direct from one of thtWgest Wholesale Clothing Manufacture* ia AmiriM % ov dainfi u stive three Profits. ' I t CUR . TP, .bovf njtr.lionfd $1.70 Boy. S.mpM. Mt ; A H 5? c n u tf&StSli Owl-l Oxford (ircy olive Brown, in SUM from \ SUITS trluw 1 treatd y. ith Sailor C.c£r, brat<U4 I •r ; \wllll Sxtril lh!on(tout lb. Pat# P.unt W.i.t Band, uud 0:1 a!i Pant." !'l.orii E. ROSENBURSEa & CO.. 2M lIO2J St, flew York City Hon. W. J. Bryan's Book A L ,V who are interested in furthering the safe of Hon. 11 . J. Bryan s new book should correspond im- jj mediately with the publishers. The work will contain fiUPK AN account of his campaign tour .. . His biography, written by his wife . , ' - S MOST - imporlnnt speeches .. . . The results of the campaign of 1896. !' Y - A review of the polit ical situation . . ■=•> AGENTQ WANTED Mr. Bryan has announced his intention of devoting one-half of all royalties to furthering the cause of bimetallism. There are already indications of an enor- ' , mous sale. Address VV. B. CCMKEY COrvSPATiY, Publishers, MKKNM. TRADE MARKS, DESIGNS, Anyone sending n sketch and description may quickly ascertain, free, whether an invention is probably patentable. Communications strictly confidential. Oldest ngoncy for securing patents in America. We have u Washington ofllco. I'ntonts taken through Munu & Co. receive special notice in tho SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, beautifully illustrated, largest circulation of any scientific Journal, weekly,termssß.oo a year; 91.50 six months. 8 peel men copies and HAMD BOOK ON PATKNTS sent froo. Addresa MUNN & CO., 3451 llroudn-ny, New York. 1 In ilme.' Sold by druggists. H J QUICKLY BECCSED. Trad.-uiark. and Copjri,hM|T 3r,u(errf ,d patent buaianaa nf daandpti*. P and .killfully conducted at locnt rate. ► 1 am LDoh ► of 6 ?I " , mo<lel - or A*hto. t> whether patentable or not. trce'ef chant" O'JR FEE > WHEN TAT-KT 18 ALLOWED. When ► < ,a J° ut 18 ■•cured we x> ill endn-t iw sale f..r yon with- Z ! •*" ®'irjro. 83-PAGE KAHD-BOOX and'.lst of C J Inventions want*! i,.ailed to inventors free npen f 1 'l 8 18 t! "> m<*t complete little patent book w 3 published and every Inventor should WRITE TOR ONE. £ 2 H. B. WILLSON A. CO , Patent Bolioitors, J U Droit Bid g, WASH i N CTOIJ. D. C. I *VVV"7TVVT7VVV?^Tr*Vv¥?^ ;\\ atch the date on your paper. WANTED-AN IDEA3^J*g thing to patent ? Protect your ideas : they inar femJWH-w? 01 *! 111 - Writo j OHN WBDDHR* AM HUitN <sc CO., Patent Attorneys, Wqabiaftrtß. l>. C.. lor their SI,BOO prite offer. '
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers