TLLEE.
BT c. LOWITKR.
Once on & THM— true stories begin bo—
Hundreds <>/ vrs back, when you and I
Lived as ujonkeyß in Africa's tree tops bigb,
Before tkw folks bad learned to sin so,
Tbe people of China to gruwblo began,
Because tboir emperor was a singly man ;
Haiti tlu-y, "Hoe hero, sir,
Wo greatly foar, sir.
When you're beheaded there'll be no heir near,
We advise you to marry as soon aB you can,
Tho emperor was in despair;
Ho wanted to marrv. but didn't know where
In the whole extent of t he flowery laud
Was a maiden worthy tho gift of his baud.
There were beautiful maids by scores at his
Hut ho wanted one that would love him alone;
One that, for love of his smile so sweet.
Would be flesh of his flesh and bone oi his bone.
"Such a ouo 1 shall never find,}
tut here he was struck by a bright idea.
Just at this time, in the city of Pekin
Lived little Ellee, a maid so fair,
Through all the land you might go seeking,
In city or country, anywhere,
And never see her onual m beauty.
What a splendid wide mouth 1
She could make a drouth
Of tea in that land where tea pays no duty.
And her hair us black
Asa negro's back,
"Down her nock'' in the latest fashion,
And held by the buckle that kept her saab on.
But tlio crowning glory of little Ellee
Was her dainty feet; you never see
Such small ones here, where maidens fa IT
Actually walk -they never do there,
Hut bandage and press thern
And pot and caress them ;
And you may be sure, when It's all been done
Such feet are certainly No. 1.
As you may suppose
Such beautiful toes
Brought little Klleoan abundance of beaus;
KJch and poor aud of every station
Found in that stationary nation.
Hut she gave them all to understand
Hv a violent move of her dainty foot.
That they could have that in place of her hand,
Which didn't seem the suitors to suit.
But no tender maiden such as Ellee
Fan remain in this world long fancy free;
The hardest heart like wax will melt,
If brought where tho flame of love is felt.
There came a time when there came a uiau
Ah lovely as was Ellee herself ;
Five foot loug was his cue, if an ell-
Anil his clothes were such as showed right well
He was a man with pelf.
iIo sent /our gifts his suit to aid;
A pair of chopsticks, silver and gold,
A little puppy, six months old—
Ab 1 he knew the tender heart of a maid
A gilded kite, with Ave balls of string,
And a gong that took two men to ring.
Hhe ate the dog with the chopsticks gay,
She flow tho kite that very day
it broke tho string and got away—
And she rang the gong till it roused the town.
And all the lire-engines came down.
This was t he way he courted Ellee •
Tho marriage came oft in the month of May;
I can't tell how lovely and bright was she,
Nor how very happy aud gay was he;
But just three months from the bridal day,
Where do you think ho took her, say?
Illglit to the ltoyal Palace gate,
And the Emperor bad found a mate.
Happy was he, in his regal state,
And happy was she, though rich and great,
For where true hearts together are bound,
There will happiness ever he found.
PLUM CITY, Wis.
PROFITABLE SOLILOQUY
BY DWIGHT BALDWIN.
fHY do you talk to
yourself so much,
father?"
"For two reasons,
Bessie."
"Number one?"
"1 like to talk to a
sensible man."
"Number two?"
"I like to hear a
sensible man talk."
"Good! good!" cried Fred Faxon,
clapping his hands and laughing heart
ily.
"I ilon't know that it's gooil." said
Farmer Eben Hayes, "but it has tbe
merit of bein' the Lord's truth!"
"And that's everything, father," said
his petite and pretty daughter, as she
seized him round the neck and gave
him a ling that brought a quick Itush
to the face of both men pnin produc
ing it with the elder, envy with the
younger.
Hayes Hollow, as the farm had been
called for three generations, was the
finest and most productive of all in the
beautiful valley, aud its owner was
considered a wealthy man, being rated
much as a millionaire is in a large city.
Bessie was his only child aud the
prospective heiress not only of the
toriu and its appurtenances but, as
many believed, of a good ileal of wealth
which was invested in other ways.
Fred Faxon was a young man who
for two years had been reading law in
the city twenty miles away, and was
soon to be admitted to the bar.
He had met Bessie llayes the pre
ceding summer while spending a vaca
tion in the valley. The decided mutual
attraction between the two had been
increased by subsequent meetings and
no end of letters, until it had reached
the stage w here tho word "love" could
alone express the situation.
Mr. Hayes had been much pleased
with the young man, and at the request
of pretty Bessie, who generally carried
her iKiiiit, had invited him lo s'peud his
week's vacation at tho Hollow.
It had been a happy time to the
lovers—those little seven days; but
they had ilown by all too quickly, and
the train that was to bear the pros
pective lawyer away from fields of
wheat, drifting in waves of silver to
ward the harvest, to tho city, with its
dust, and grime, and wickedness, xvould
he duo within an hour.
"I must run across and sav good-by
to tbo Turners," remarked Fred, look
ing through tho open door to a farm
house on tho opposite sido of the broad
country road.
" Wait a moment, and I'll go with
you."
"No, daughter, let him go alone. I
must hitch up to take him to the depot,
and want a word with you first."
"What is it?" asked Bess, just a lit
tle petulantly, when Fred had started
on his errand.
Don t invite him here again "
"Who?"
"Fred—Mr. Faxon, I Hliould say "
"You don't mean "
Words failed the little maiden, but
her wide-open eyes supplied the deficit
and expressed the most unfeigned as
tonishment.
"I do, daughtor, just that,"
"But you've spoken so highly of him
all Rlong—and besides "
Again words failed the girl, but this
time tears glistened in her blue eyes,
uiul completed the sentence.
"I'm sorry, Bessie, truly sorry, hul
I think it's for the best."
"Nothing can be for tho best thai
separates us for lifo. What have you
against Mr. Faxon?"
"I accuse him of no erimo, but Ifeai
tliat be is unworthy of you."
"Oh, father! Home one besides that
gensibleman of whom yon were just
speaking has been talking to you about
liim. A false suspicion never origin
ated ill your honest old heart."
"Well, I won't deny—never mind
that now."
Mr. Hayes paused to remove her
pleading white arms from his neck.
"Oh, father!" faltered she, the tears
once more welling up into her eyes.
"Well, then," spoke up the farmer,
who evidently felt himself to be weak
ening," we'll let the matter rest as it is,
aud if you're not satisfied within six
mouths—yes, six weeks that he's un
worthy of you. then matters can hum
along, ami L won't say a word, uui
nothing of this to him. Mind that."
Three minutes later tho farmer was
harnessing a horse.
"I wish I had my life insured, for if
they close down on me it 'll kill me, an'
Bess 11 be left without a nickel."
Eben Hayes was indulging in his old
habit of talking to himself as he
buckled the harness-strap.
As ho made this remark, Fred Faxon
entered the horse-barn.
It seemed strange that the sound
caused by the opening of the door, and
F- -
"GOOD I GOOD 1" CRIED FRED FAXON.
the sunlight it admitted, did not at
tract the farmer's attention. He must
have been deeply engrossed in his own
thoughts, for he continued his solil
oquy:
"Who'd have thought that wheat
would go ten cents higher, when
there's goiu' to be a full crop—at least
about here? I s'iose it's short other
places, though I was a fool to borrow
that last $5,000 to try and save the
other fifteen. What'll folks say when !
the notes come due in two months, an' i
old Eben Hayes is closed out? Jeff
Wheelerll be glad, so'll Sol Smith an'
Dick Stall smith, but I reckon Bill
Barr 'll be a little grain sorry, 'cause
he won't be able to borrow any more
money off me. I guess its a feelin'
that Parson Lake wouldn't indorse,
but 1 do wish that this city fellow
would marry Bess, or get engaged to
her, at least, before we have to move
out of the Hollow, where she was born,
aud I before her."
Fred Faxon heard something which
sounded very like a sob, and then stole
noiselessly from the barn and rejoined
Bessie, whom he had left in the grape
arbor near by.
A week later, when the farmer re
turned home from the wheat-field,
where he had been assisting his men
in the glorious work of harvesting, he
was astonished to find Fred Faxon
seated with his daughter upon the vine
shadowed porch.
"Didn't reckon on seeing you to-day,"
said the farmer when the first saluta
tions were over.
At the same time ho stole a glance
at the fair face of his daughter, which
seemed an embodiment of happiness
aiid content.
"I've been admitted to practice."
"Oh! Glad to hear it."
"And the city courts not being in
session "
"Don't be silly!" interruptedBessie,
blushing like a peony.
"I'd like to speak with you in pri
vate, Mr. Hayes."
"No need of it. My daughter aud I
have no secrets from each other."
"Well, she has promised, subject to
your approval of course, to become my
wife."
"Even that was no secret. I readmit
in her eyes the minute I turned the
corner."
"And you consent?"
"I s'pose I'll have to."
"Wheat took an awful drop this
week, sir."
"1 hadn't heard of it."
"The European war didn't material
ize and reports from the Northwest
came in much more favorable, and it
dropped twenty cents."
"That beats me."
"It didn't me. I never mentioned
the fact to you, but I have $30,000
w
"DON'T INVITE UIM lIKIIK AOAIN."
which I inherited from my father throe
years ago. I was sure it would take a
tumble, and sold a hundred thousand
bushels."
"And have closed it out?"
"At a prolit of twenty thousand.
Now, I want to ask you a question,"
"Fire away."
! "What'll you take for Ilayes Hoi
low ?"
i "You don't mean "
j "That I want to buy it for a wed
-1 ding present to Bessie. Not to freeze
'jou out. but just "
"Because you're one of the whitest
bovs alive. You can't do it, sir!"
"But, Mr. Hayes, I "
"You can't steal my thunder that
way. I'm going to give it to her my
self!"
44 But T heard "
"What?"
l hat you were embarrassed and on
the brink of failure. In fact, it was
the information that you had lost
everything, through the recent boom in
wheat, that induced me to sell the
same commodity."
"There ain't a word of truth initl
I never speculated in my life!"
"But I heard- "
"A pack of lios! I'm worth $15,000
over and above this farm, and don't
owe a cent in the world!"
"Then I must have been dreaming?"
"No, but you placed too much re
liance in the idle talk of an old fellow
who likes to speculate in his mind, and
who thinks it no sin to suppose a case
for his own amusement."
"And you're satisfied that Fred
wasn't after Hayes Hollow?" queried
Bessie.
"Entirely I don't believe that
John will remember about those calves.
He's getting awfully forgetful."
Thus soliloquizing, Mr. Ilayes walked
1 discreetly awav. leaving the happy
' lovers in sole possession of the vlne-
I protected porcli.
JosH Hillings' Philosophy.
The man who kant find enuything to
do in this world iz az bad oph az a
I yearling lieffer.
Thare iz no pasliun ov the human
heart that promises so miudi and pays
I so little az revenge.
Tliare liaint 110 man yet lived long
enuff in this world tew doubt the in
fallibility ov hiz judgement.
Thare iz this odds between a humor
ous lekter and a scientiifick one —yu
hav got to understand the humorous
lekter tew enjoy it, but you kau enjoy
the scientiffick one without understand
| ing it.
It iz but a step from zeal tew bigotry,
but it iz a step that iz most generally
taken.
Don't lay enny certain plans for tho I
fewter; it iz like planting tuds, and
expektiug to raizo tudstools.
No man yet who had strength ov
mind enuff ever resorted tew cunning.
Cunning iz haff brother tew fear, and
they aro both ov them weakness.
Natur once in a while makes a phool;
but, az a general thing, phools, like
garments, are made tew order.
A man who iz good company for him
self iz alwus good company for others.
Genuine praize consists in naming a
man's faultz to hiz face, and hiz good
qualities tew hiz back.
One ov the best temporary cures for
pride and affektashun that I have ever
seen tried iz sea-sickness; a man who
wants tew vomit never puts on airs.
A fault concealed iz but little better
than one indulged in.
Witty speeches are like throwing
stones at a target—the more time spent
in taking aim, the less danger thare iz
in hitting the mark.
I have alwus noticed one thing, when
I a pei son bekums disgusted with this
1 world, and konkludes to withdraw from
i it, tho world very kindly lets the per
son went.
Woman liaz no friendships. She
j either loves, despises, or hates.
A day in the life ov an old man iz
| like ono ov the last days in the fall ov
the year—every hour brings a change
iu the weather.
I love tew see an old person joyfull,
but not kickuptlielieelsfnll.
A coquette in love iz just about az
tame az a bottle of ginger pop that haz
stood sum time with the cork pulled
out.— New York Weekly.
Miss Caldwell's Love Grown Cold.
A young lady who is visiting here,
and who is a very intimate friend ol
Miss Mary Gwendolin Caldwell, lias
jus*' received a letter from the young
heiress, whose engagement to Friuct
Murat has attained so much notoriety
Miss Caldwell writes to lier friend thai
the formal betrothal has been indefi
nitely postponed on account of an un
written law of the French and Italian
aristocracy, which requires the con
tracting parties to produce, at theii
betrothal, tho baptismal certificates ol
their parents and grandparents. That
Miss Caldwell is unable to do, as there
is no record of her grandmother's bap
tism, and a hitch in the proceedings is
the result. Miss Caldwell intimates
that she would not care at all if the
wedding should not lake place. Miss
Caldwell's friend thinks that if the
whole thing falls through it will not
be tho fault of the bridegroom nor ol
the laws of aristocracy, but of the fair
fiance herself. This is not the first
time Miss Caldwell has promised her
hand in marriage and has reconsidered
her action after the engagement had
been made public. She was engaged
to an Italian prince about three years
ago, and the match was considered the
best to be made in Europe, but, like
several others before, it was broken off
by the young lady. Miss Caldwell's
first love was a young lawyer of this
city, but the engagement was objected
to. Ho lias since married. In a former
letter Miss Caldwell said: "You may
be sure that I always intend to be my
own financier. I am willing to allow
any husband 1 may have a sufficient
income to enable him to dress well and
pay his club dues, but he will never
Lave the management of a cent, of my
principal." "Mary hus a will of her
own," said our mutual friend, "and she
means what she says. Perhaps Prince
Murat found this out before it was too
late."— Louisville PnaL
Ramming Ice Floe*.
No stronger vessels than those of the
Dundee whalors aro built; they are
from 400 to 1,000 tous displacement,
have powerful, well-secured engines to
resist the shook of ramming or stoppage
of the propeller by ice, and are built
with an eye to the easy and rapid re
placement of rudder, propeller and
propeller shaft if damaged, these parts
being carried in duplicate. Above all
other considerations, they possess
strength for ramming as well as re
sistance to lateral pressure when
nipped.
Another very important feature is
that the bow shall have considerable
inclination, which permits the vessel,
when ramming very heavy ico, to lift
slightly and slide on it, thus easing the
shock und assisting tho cutting action
of the bow with the downward crush
ing weight of the ship. In this way it
is possible for these steamers at full
speed to ram ice over twenty feet thick
and receive no immediate incapacitat
ing damage.
If tho ice is not too heavy the shear
like rise and fall of the bow is repeated
several times as the vessel steams
powerfully ahead until her headway is
checked. The difficulty then is to ex
tract the ship from the dock she has
cut bv her advance.
The Reason-
Two men, in the dining-room of a
hotel, wore watching a hungry fellow
who sat near them.
"Waiter," said the hungry fellow,"
"bring me some fried percli."
After he had eaten the perch he or
dered a broiled bass uud, after devour
ing it, said: *
"Now just bring mo along any other
lish that you happen to have handy."
"That fellow is extremely fond of
lish," said one of the men.
"Not so much that he is fond of them
as the fact that ho hasn't hud" any for a
long time."
"Ho could get them, I am sure. Tho
markets are full of them."
"Yes, but you see he has been beyond
the reach of the markets; he has just
returned from a fishing expedition."
He Wanted to Know Too Much.
Jack—Say, Tom, were you chris
tened that name?
Tom- -Of course I was.
Jack—Well, what do they call you
Tliom-as for on the pay sheet?
Tom—Don't know; suppose for the
same reason the hoys call you Jack-ass,
—Rochester Budgsl,
BENEATH THE STREETS.
4. SUBTERRANEAN WORLD OF MAU
VELOI S INTEREST.
Chicago Fairly Honeycombed with Tun*
lieU, Conduit* and Sewers-Wluro Doiih
of Vice Abound—How tlio Oreut "Water
System Has lJeoii lluilt Up.
fOT long ugo a man walking
along one of tho busiest of
Chicago's streets Was sud
denly projected several feet
into the air. This singular
occurrence, accompanied us
it was by a loud report, io
vlved memorios of the
dreadful anarchist bomb of
May 4tli, 1880. and caused
quite a sensation in the
neighborhood. But this
soon subsided when it wus
discovered that tho-innn was
not seriously injured, and
that the explosion, had not
boon occasioned by dyna
mite, but by the bursting
open of a "man-hole" pro
duced by tho pressure of noxious gases
generated In the enormous sowei below.
Tho accident, which was trivaPin its re
sults and excited but little comment at tho
time, suggests tho subject of underground
Chicago.
Every one has road and murvuded at ac
counts of that wonderful relic ofthe ancient
world, tho catacombs of Rome. In which of
old were buried tho dead of the Eternal
City, and yet few. ovon among Chicago's
own people, know that below tho level of
her streets there is a subterranean world
surpassing in intoeost the one beside the
Tiber.
Chicago abounds.in beautiful' buildings—
"massive and tall and grand," many of
these riso to a height of two hundred feet and
number thirtoen stioiics and more. As tho
eyo of tho visitor sweeps their extensive
fronts, rich in architectural designs and
ornamentations, ho forgets tho solid foun
dations, reaching far into the earth, udou
which tho superstructure, vast and beauti
ful, is roared. The eost of tlce foundations
of Chicago would suffice to build a city of
no moan proportions. Hundreds of thou
sands of dollars are olten expended on a
slugle building before*Us granite walls rise
to the level of tho sidewalk. Tho space
thus reclaimed frottn the "bowels of the
earth" is utilized for boilers and engines to
run tho elevators and machinery for all
manner of manufactories, to heat the vast
structure, und furnish power to keep ulive
tho electric lights in a whole block some
times. Besides, mauy basements aro fitted
up as elegant restaurants , salesrooms and
factories, In ono of Chicago's basement
rostaurants mora oysters are served during !
tho "r months" than in. :uiy other single es- i
tublishment in tho world* metropolitan Now
York not excepted. Twice during the sum
mer just past great rains torms have over
taxed the sowers and caused the wator to
invade basements and cieliars, to tho great
dam ago of proporty.
But the space below vteiblo Chicago is not
all used for the useful purposes mentioned.
Many low saloons, resorts for thieves and
thugs, whore all manner of dark and diabol
ical crimes aro concocted, discussed and
perpetrated, aro tucked away in basements
secure from the observation of tho casual
passer-by. It is here that the almond-eyed
CeleHtlal conducts his laundry, too frequent
ly but a fence or mask for an "opium joint."
and tho gratification of othor vices of a still
darker hue. Gambling houses of the "bet
ter" sort are usually situated high up in
buildings, with openings to tho roofs for
egress in thoovont of an interruption in tho
form of a police raid; but tho lowor sort,
particularly those operated and frequented
uy negroes, who aro apt. to be inveterate
fjambiors, aro found in basements and col
ors. These are often so conneoted with
oacli otnor as to form a regular labyrinth,
and render tho inmates tolerably secure
from arrest.
Pure water and good drainage are two of
the principal requisites to the health of a
city. These aro supplied to the "Garden
City" by underground systems which, to
gether with the gas mains tor furnishing
light, fairly 'honeycomb" tho streets and
justify tho caption of "Underground Chi
cago."
Tho water-supply system of Chicago is
Unoqualod in tho world; and to such as
BRICKING up TUB LAKE TUNNEL.
Jh&ve seen, or may hope to soo something
(of it. a brief history will not prove uninter
esting.
Tho first public effort in tho direction of
h supply of fresh water was on Nov. 10,
,1834, when tho Board of Trustees paid
$95.50 for digging a well in tho North Divis
ion. We will soon see to what majestic
proportions this humble beginning has
(grown in a little more than half a century.
, For many years water was peddled
through the stroots as potatoes and bananas
joro to-day. It was drawn about In hogs,
(heads, on two-wheeled cats. and dolivored
'to tho good housewives at a cost of from
Jlvo to ton cents per barrel, according to
ftho competitions of trade. Tho hoghcadg
iwere filled irom the lake with palls, and
the wator was discharge 1 through a short
leathern hose. Thousands of people still
i living In Chicago can reinombor when this
system was in voguo.
In 1836 the Chicago Hydraulic Companj
tf as incorporated by an act of tho Legist a*
uro. The panic "which swept over the
►country tho following year rolardod the
(movement, and it was not until 184U that
[work was actually begun- Two years Jatcj
lit was completed. Tho hydraulic system
feonsisUfcd of an 18-inch inlet from the lake,
[connecting with a well 15 feet-in depth; a
bumping works fitted with an engine o! 25-
horso power, cnpable of lifting each minute
125 barrels of water 35 feot above tho lev 1 ol
jthelako; two reservoirs of u capacity ol
d,253 barrels each, both of whloh could be
lllli d in ono hour and forty mlnutos; and
[several miles of wooden pipes, none oyer
[six inches in diameter, 'this exceedingly
modest system, as looked at to-day, was
{spoken of by the press at tho time as a
{"marvelous achievement of engineering
skill." In 1850,9% miles of pipe and 1.000 by- ;
tlrants were in use. but not moro than one*
Iflftn of the pooplo wore ihoroby supplied
twith water.
i! In 1851 tho Chicago City Hydraulic Com
pany was incorporated. This was done as
the result of a popular vote of tho people.
Bonds were issued und sold In Now Yoik,
and in tho summer of 1852 work was begun
at tho foot of Chicago avenue, in tho North
Division. They were unable to put in a
thirty-inch inlet pino to reach six hundred
feot out into tho lake and were obliged to
take tho wator from near the shore. Op
Fob. 15, 1854. water was first introduced
Into the buildings of the city. For four
months water was only pumped nine hours
a day, and not at nil on Bun day. except in
oase of firo. In 1857 a twentv-four inch
wrought-Iron main was laid to tho West
Bido. and in 1858 two now resorvoirs with
a cupacity of 500,000 barrels each were
constructed, ono on the North and one on
the West Sldo. , , , , .
At first this system was fairly successful,
but as tho city increased In population and
extended Its limits the increasing sewage
which ilowed through the sluggish river
Into tho groat lake began to seriously con
taminate the water, which was drawn from
a point too near the shore. Not only did
this causo annoyance, dlsoaso and doath.
but it worked great injury to tho fair fame
of tho city, vvhosp visitors denounced it
for its unwholesome, bad-smelling water.
Besides this, as winter approached, groat
numbers of infinitesimal fishes sought tho
shore, and were thence delivered, along
with the water, to every household.
An limproved water supply thus became
ono of tho greatest topics for discussion,
both by the press and tho people. All man
ner of schemes wore proposed, debated,
and rejected. • At length Mr. E. 8. Chos
brough, tho Gity Engineer, originated tho
idea of constructing a tunnol. two miles in
length, beneath the hod of Lake Michigan,
which would literally tan tho lake from tho
bottom at that distance from the shore, and
through which pure wator could bo oonveyod
to the reservoir of tho oiiy.
Alter a good deal of delay to soouro sanc
tion from Congress and tno State Legisla
ture, and perfect tho plans, the ooutraet
wus let. for what was, indeed, a colossal
undertaking.
Un St. Patrick's Day. March 17. 1864. tho
first shovelful of earth was removed amid
coremonios of an interesting and impres
sive character, and the great undertaking
was eommonoed. Tho shore shaft was sunk
on tho side of the old pumping works, at
the cast end of Chicago avenue, on tho
shore of tho lake. It was made about 9
feet in diameter, and 6'J feet in depth. This
was lined for 26 foot with a cast-iron cylin
der 9 feet in diameter and 2% inches in
thickness, below tho cylinder vho lining
boing of brick.
With tho completion of the shaft began
that nice engineering which one of the ed
itors of tho London Times, then in Chi
cago. declared to bo "the greatest of mod
ern times."
Tho point in the lake where the tunnel
should terminate had been determined and
murked with buoys, but tho great difficulty
wus to run it in exactly tho right direction,
since the magnetic needle could not be re
lied upon for surveying below the surface
of the lake. The only method of proooed
uro was to run tho axis of tho tunnel par
allel with a lino drawn over tho top of tho
iu exactly the right direction.
The work of tunneling was now begun in
real earnest. The width of tho tunnel when
bricked up was to bo five foot and its height
five feet und two inches, tho top and bot
tom arches being semi-oiroles. with two
inches between, The Hpuce to bo excavated
boing limited, but two men could work at
one time; these wore frequentlv relieved,
and the work kopt up night and day, with
out cessation.
Close behind the miners with their picks
camo tho masons with their trowels. The
masonry, of Illinois white brick, was eight
inches in thickness, the bricks being laid
lengthwise, with toothing joints to give
them greater strength.
In this tedious way tho workmen forced
tho great bore on under tho lake, from
fourteen to twenty feet being considered
good progress for twenty-four hours.
As fust as the masonry was completed
iron rails were laid, upon which small oars
wore run to remove tho clay to the shalt,
where it was elevated by stoam power. At
first the cars were pushed hymen, but a
the bore lengthened this became too slow
and laborious, and two small mules wore
lowered through tho shaft and used there-1
after us the motive power.
As each thousand feet was completed!
chambers wore dug in which brick, mortar,l
and other supplies could bo stored and carsj
turned around.
As has been stated, tho magnetic nocdlei
cannot bo depended upon in sui voying be-i
low the ground, but tho level was in coti-l
stunt use. and by its means exactly th-1
proper depth was constantly maintained.!
The tunnel was built with u slope of two
foot to the mile in tho direction of the
shore, that it might bo emptied in ease of
necessity. This was done a few years ago
anil tho tunnel inspected by Chief En
gineer. (now Mayor) Cregier. lie found it to
bo in perfect order, not a single crack or
break being visible.
But the most remarkable part of tho un*i
dertaking was porformod at tho lake end oil
tho tunnel. Ihe "crib" was constructed
onshore. It is composed of hugo timbors
bolted together. It is 40% feet high, inj
pentagonal form, and nearly 100 foot ini
diameter. It was built in three sections or
walls, one within tho other, all so bolted
together as to form one vast structure. At
the corners it was armed with iron plates
to protect it from flouting ice. or any ob
ject in tho water. Computed in "board
measure," over 600.000 foot of lumber was
used, together with 65 tons of iron bolts
and |SOO bales of oakum for cnlking. Be
fore it was moved from tho stocks whore it
was built SIOO,OOO had been expended
upon it.
On July 24. 1865, this vast structure was
launched, and amid great excitement towed'
out to tho place selected. There the com-!
partmonts between the different sections
were filled with stone, and the crib sunk to!
tho bottom of tho lake, where it was flrmlyj
secured by moans of marine moorlngi
screws, here used for the first time in
America.
This accomplished, a shaft was sunklikei
Ihe one on tho shore and the work of tun
neling was begun from tho lake end of the
mb-marlne bore. The entire length of the!
ninnel is 10,587 feet, of which about four-;
Qfths was constructed from tho shore end.
POOTWAT OP LA BAI.LB STREET TUNNEL.
On the 24th day of November, 1866, the twoi
sections were united by cutting away tlia
barrier of clay which remained and the;
greut tunnel was one continuous tube fromi
the shore to tho crib, two inilos away.
it was bolieved that tho water supply thus
provided for would be adequate for thoi
needs of tho oity lor a generation at least.,
but so enormous wus the growth of Chica
go that within six years stops wore taken;
to increuso It.
Early in 1872 the Board of Publio Worksl
purchased ground at the intersection olj
Blue Island and Ashland avenuos, about
three miles south and more than two miles;
west of the shore end of tho tunnel, where;
they propose to erect new pumping works.'
The supply of water was to be procured by!
nitons of a tunnel runnlug diagonally acrosst'
the city to tho foot of Chicago avonue.
This second groat work was begun July
12th, 1872, and completed iu two years. The;
procedure was nearly the same us the flrstj
'tunnel, and need not be described- The
works consist of a tunnel seven foot In
diameter and a l out four miles in length.
This passes under tho city below the bed of
tho river and the deepest of tho city's foun
dations. Tho ground at tho Ashland avenue
ipuraping works is much higher than at tho
lake uud considerable power is required to
draw the wutor through tho tunnel.
This groat underground aqueduct draws
Its supply of water irom the "orib," whose
construction has been described. To ac
complish this a second tunnol was con
structed under the luko. and run parallel
with the first, about sixty-three feet away.
The now tunnel Is about seven feet wide and
seven feet and two Inches high, and has a
oapacity about double that of tho llrst one.
At proscnt a third great tunnol is in
course of construction under the waves of
Lake Michigan. This was determined up
on because the water now pumped from tho
THE cnin.
| crib is sometimes contaminated by tho
■ sewage, particularly when groat storms
rage, and because it had bocomo evident
that tho two North Sldo tunnels would not
long supply tho demands of the rapidly
growing city. Tho shore shaft is near tho
Toot of Twelfth street, two miles south of
Chicago avenue. It will be four miles In
length nnd Is boing constructed much like
the others, except that dynamite is em
ployed to loosen tho clay.
Up to tho present time a little more than
half a mile has been constructed. For tho
llrst 250 feet It is eight feet in diameter. At
that distance it became necessary to fork it
out Into two parallel tunnels six feet in
diapictor. Tho engineers hope to bo able
to unite them further on into the one eight
foot bore, but there is some uncertainty
about it
It is expected that the entire four-mile
tunuol will be completed In a year und_a
ffair, atter which tno city will bo insured an
ample supply of pure wator under all cir
cumstances,
S(x hundred and seventy-seven milos of
water mains, varying in size from threo to
thirty-six inches in diameter, are in use.
Of sowars (hero aro 493 miles, varying in
diameter from one to nine feet. Besides,
tho stroots are filled with conduits for tele
graph, telephone, and electric light wires,
while tlio gas mains rival In extent those of
th water department.
There are two passenger tunnels under
the Chicugo River, one at Washington street
oounoctlng the South and West Bides, aui
one atXafSailo stroet ooiinectuiK tuo houth
ami North Hides, or divisions, of tho city.
They aio triumptis of engineering, und cost
in the aggregate about $1,000,000. Both of
those great submarine thoroughfares have
a doublo roadway for vehicles and one for
pedestrians, the lattor being entirely sepa
rate from the formor. They are lighted by
electricity.
The use of these tunnels has beon sold to
and Waal Hide Street It&ilwa*
CHINKBB OPIUM JOINT.
T'OSlJ panics, Jno one at J.aSallo street has
beon for some tim i in successful operation,
and the other is now undergoing repairs
and alterations and will soon bo in use. In
both the motive power is a cable in connec
tion with the regular "grip-car" linos. They
do away with delays caused by tho opening
of bridges to peimit vessels to pass, and
will prove a .substantial bonotit to the peo
ple. DWIGHT BALDWIN.
His Honor Was Wounded.
Just after the war there was a crowd
of us in the billiard-room of a hotel
one evening, says a New York Sun
writer, and among the "touchy" South
erners was a Colonel Gray of the Ten
nessee troops. Ho was said to bo a
duelist, a dead shot, a fearless man,
and all that, and was, therefore, held
in awe. Among those present was a
typical Yankee who had come down to
smell out cotton. He looked humble
and harmless, and had been hustled
around a good deal without losing his
temper. By some accident iu moving
about he bumped tho colonel, and the
latter promptly wheeled round on him
with:
"Sir, you aro as clumsy as an ox."
"Dou't get riled, kurnel; I didn't
mean to," was the reply.
It was a good time to bluff, and the
colouel drew himself up and replied:
"Then apologize, apologize at ouce!"
"I said I didn't mean it, and I didn't,
but I ain't going to crawl, you know."
"Who aro you, sir?"
"Well, neow, I'm Isaac Williams and
who might you be ?"
"You have insulted me, sir. There's
my card."
Williams took the pasteboard, looked
it all over, slowly read the name, and
returned it to the colonel with:
"Hev you any cotton to sell, kurnel?
If so, I'm your huckelberry."
"If you have a friend, let him consult
with the major here!" replied the flre
eoter.
Some one explained to the Yankee
that he had been challenged, and he
scratched his head, whistled his sur
prise, and following the colonel to the
bar, lie said;
"See here, kurnel, I dou't want this
blamed thing hanging over me nil night
and disturbing my sleep. Let's have it
out now."
He tlshed up a Remington from his
right hip | oeket, a second from his left,
and handing one to the colonel, ho ad
vanced his right foot, and said:
"Too to toe, kurnel, and muzzle to
breast. That guarantees sure work
and no fooling. Somebody count live,
and then we'll begin tho skirmish. My
will has been made for two years, audi
reckon the papers will inform Hanuei
how I turned up my toes."
The colonel took tho rovolver,
started to advance liis foot, drew it
back, turned as white as snow, and, lay
ing the weapon on the bur, walked out
of tile place without a word to anyone.
Tho Yank had raised him out of the
game.
The Engaged Girl.
Have you ever noticed what a differ
ence there is in a girl's manner when
she gets engaged to be married? She
flirts as much as ever, of course, and
even a little more, for it seems as
though a semi-appropriated damsel
lias more charms for the male flirts
than those whose hearts have not
capitulated. Tho difference lies in tho
manner to other girls of the engaged
one. Even the gentlest and nicest as
sume slight airs of superiority, as
though the problem of settlement in
life having been settled for them, they
were now competent to guide and ad
vise all other young women.
If the fiance ho young and handsome
they are generally too much absorbed
in him to pay much attention to any
one else; hut if he he middle-aged and
very rich they find abundance of
leisure to place at the disposal of their
friends. This they employ principally
iu discussing their own prospects, set
tling what color their liveries shall be
and iu arranging the various details of
their establishment. Hut a little ego
tism is pardonable at sucli a time, and
they are seldom so wholly occupied
with their own concerns as to forget to
quietly patronize their girl friends.
"You must marry well, Lucy. You
shall oomo and stay with me, and we
will seo what can ho done." Or,
"Mary, you must give up young
Browne. He will not he able to give
you a carriage for years and years, if
ever. I shall liavo dark tan-colored
liveries, picked out with crimson," etc.
Thon, if anything occurs to break
off th* engagement, and the girl sinks
back into the ranks of the unengaged,
her position is all tho more disagree
able if she has put on a lot of style
during her betrothal. But, perhaps,
the girl who is slavishly in love with
her fiance is tho greatest bore of all.
"Has not Edmund glorious eyes?
Have you ever looked deep into them ?
Have you ever noticed the way his
hair curls just above his ears?" Or;
"Is not my George's voice charming ?
So musical and well-bred ?" One gets
very tired of this kind of thing. We
have had an engaged girl staying here
for the last week, and, though we have
never seen her young man, we all de
test his very name, so incessantly does
slio chatter about him. "My Archie"
is dinned into our ears all day long. I
should often like to hit that girl.—
London Jl'rutli.
Do I'eoplc Bite When They Love I
Bobhv Crash (six years old) Papa,
do people bite when thoy lovo each
other ?
Papa Crash—No, my child. But why
do you ask:
Bobby—Why, when Mr. Wliitechok
er, the preacher, was here the other
duy he said The Bible says wo must
love one another.' Then ma sat on his
knee and he hit her in the mouth, and
she bit him in tho mouth more'u forty
timos.— Des Moines (Jraj/liic.
SPARKS OF WIT.
PUT up or shut up—Umbrellas.
"A CHARGE to keep I have," is tho
song of grand-jurymen.
HE: "Will you be my wife?" She:
"No; but I'll be your cook."
THE orator who eloquent
was arrested for assault and battery.
THE court house is not neoessarily a
sad place because so many plaintiff
stories are heard there.
A SIGN on an Eighth avenue liquor
store reads: "Family Liquor Ware
house." Family liquors wear houses all
out.
How IT worked: Carper—So you've
been trying the faith cure? Harper—
Yes. Carper—Cure you? Harper—Yes
—of my faith.
"You seem at home here," remarked a
man at the postofiice to the post master.
"Yes," replied the latter, "this is my
stamping ground."
SOME men are called sagacious
merely on account of their avarice;
whereas, a child can clench its fist the
moment it is born.
POWER and liberty are like heat anc
moisture; where they are well mixec
everything prospers, where they art
single they are destructive.
THOMPSON (proudly)— Robinson, yoi
see that gun ? My wife killed a beai
with that once. Robinson— Ah, indeed
What was she shooting at?
"MARRIAGES are made in heaven,"
quoth Miss Antique. "Then there ii
some chance for you yet," was th<
cruel response of her young sister.
MINKS— -Were you away last sum
mer? Winks—Yes, off about a montl
at a summer resort. "How did you spent
the time?" 44 Waiting for it to stop rain
ing."
TEACHER —-The peacock has
eyes in its tail. Boy—l suppose it can
alway find a seat, but it must be ex
pensive for eye-glasses if the beast ii
near-sighted.
SERVANT (auswering boll) Misi
Bright doesn't care to see any one thi
afternoon. Wilkins—But she'll see me
lam sure. Servant—No, she won't—
she mentioned you in particular.
WEARY WHISKERS (the tramp): Don'!
get frightened, madam; I am a membei
of the Anti-Waste Society, an' I jesi
called ter see if yer didn't want ter hire
a man to eat up what vittles yer hav(
left over.
A FACETIOUS man was taking a drink
at a bar. Observing a view of Niagara
on the wall he asked jokingly. "Is thai
real water?" "No," replied the bar
( tender, the real water is in the glass
you hold."
TRUTH for once: Giles—l'm glad I lei
that fellow have the small loan. H<
seemed overwhelmed with gratitude
and said he could never repay me
Merritt—That was strange. He told
you the truth.
LADY of the house—Now, don't yoi
think you could saw a little wood foi
me? Tramp (who has just dined)—
No, mum; sawing that there steak yoi
just gave me is all the sawing I waul
to do for one day.
ON the Eiffel Tower: Mother anc
the girls (ecstatically): My, isn't i
high. Popper (in a gloom that reachei
to tho base of the tower): Well, wha
of it? Have you seen anything ii
Paris this summer that wasn't high?
MRS. BRINK— Mrs. Klink! Mrs
Klink 1 Your little boy is in our yard
stoning our chickens. Mrs. Klink—
Horrors! He'll get his feet wet in you
big, ugly, damp grass. I don't see wh;
you can't keep your lawn mowed, Mrs
Brink.
1 ADA —Were you not afraid daring
that thunder and lightning storm!
Elsie—No; I was with Mike, who wai
lately discharged from the Third Ave
nue railroad, and you know that the
electric fluid never strikes a non-oon
ductor.
THEN AND NOW.
He wan a man of some account
And weU among his neighbors stood
For any reasonable amount
His narno was good.
Ho took to drink, and soon his nose
Assumed a tint as rod as blood,
And now as far as credit goes,
His nomo is Dennis.
—Boston Courier.
"STEWARD," ho said feebly, in the
small hours of the stormy night, trying
to turn over iu his berth. "Steward
what's that?" "The sailor ou deck
sir." "Yes, but what did be saj
just now?" "All well, sir." "My
what a liar 1" And then he turned ovei
and moaned a mal de mer moan.
CONDUCTOR —That boy can't be lesi
than live years old. I shall have tc
charge you half fare for him. Mr. Skin
flint (nervously looking at his watoh);
No, you won't. It's now 7 o'clock. That
boy won't be five years old till exactly
7.30, and we expect to get off this train
at exactly 7,28. If you charge me any
thing for that boy I'll report you,
PATIENCE.
Teacher—"Well, Willie Jones, her<
you are late again. When I have i
few moments to spare I shall chastisi
you severely."
Willie Jones —"Please, sir, yon need
n't hurry yourself. I can wait."
A Misunderstanding. j
They were having a spelling lesson
over in the Third Ward District Schoc
the other day, and tho little scholai
were all ranged iu front of the teachc
spelling away for dear life trying t
see how near they could get to th
head.
The word "chimney" was given ou
to a little black-eyed damsel who hat
been spelling words coneotly righ
along all morning, but she missed thi
one by inadverteutly leaving out th
"h." Quick as a wink the little boa
next her pounced on the word ani
spelled it correctly.
"You may go up one, Johnnie," sail
the teacher, as smiling as a basket o
chips."
"I don't want to," whined Johnnie
getting ready to cry. "My ma wouli
whip me if I did, because I'd get al
over soot."— Peck's Sun.
i HANDICAP for all ages—Night caj