THE PATTON COURIER The Tizrni the Revo Point of tion ££ + SURRENIER OF BUREGOYIVE Zrorn fainting by Jolt Iwill By ELMO SCOTT WATSON T WAS a camgaign which, on paper, had every prospect of success; when put to the test of execution it failed miser- ably. So American history added to the roll of the “Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World” the name of Saratoga, and it is at Saratoga, N. Y., where the un- successful Burgoyne campaign culmi- nated, that there is being held on October 6, 7 and 8 the greatest in the series of sesquicentennial celebrations staged by the state of New York this year. Because of the far-reaching results of the events that took place there 150 years ago, the Saratoga celebration has nation-wide significance, In the spring of 1777 the Pritish ministry de- cided to make a supreme effort to crush her rebel- lious. colonies, Accordingtly Lord Germain, the English minister, conceived the plan of separating the colonies into manageable units, and more especially cutting off “the head of the rebellion,” New England, by sending a force down the Hud- son from Canada, another up that river from New York City and a third through the Mohawk valley from Oswego, all converging on Albany, But no sooner were the plans laid than several vital mistakes were made. In the first place, jen, John Burgoyne, a pleasure-loving man of iet- ters, playwright and social licn, who had bat little military ability, was placed in command of the expedition from Canada instead of the capable Sir Guy Carleten. More than that, he was given positive orders as to exactly what he was to do and he had no authority to alter his plans to meet changing circumstances. But the greatest blunder of all was this: Lord Germain wrote out the order for Generai Howe in New York to co- operate with Burgoyne, laid it aside on his desk, forgot about it and went off to visit a country house without sending the order, The result was that Howe sailed away from New York on a per- fectly useless expedition against Philadelphia and Burgoyne plunged into the wilderness to meet Howe without knowing that the latter was actually running away from him! Having started, Burgoyne proceeded to make a few mistakes of his own which assured the failure of the campaign. He underestimated the ability of the Americans who opposed him under the leader- ship of Gen. Philip Schuyler; he underestimated the difliculties of traveling through the wilderness ahead of him. loaded himself down with useless baggage and failed to provide himself with ade- quate means of transportation for his supplies, and he deceived himself in the belief that the Loyalists would rally to his standard as he ap- proached. Not only did they fail to rally, but Bu=- goyne soon found that in employing Indian allies, over whom he soon lost all control, he completely alienated any who might have been friends and he soon stirred up a veritable hornets’ nest. When his army of some of them Germans under Baron Riedesel, embarked on Lake Champlain on June 17, 1777, it carried with it one of the finest artillery trains ever seen up to that time on the American continent. At first everything seemed to point to the suc- cess of the expedition. For the British were not the only ones who made mistakes. General St. Clair made a serious one when he failed to fortify the hills overlooking Fort Ticonderoga—and Bur- goyne captured this fort and with it 128 guns. Crown Point had been taken previously and Fort Independence and, a little later, Fort Ann also fell before the invader. These successes led the Englishman to believe that within a few days he would be in Albany and his view was shared by the home government, There is an amusing story that when the news of the fall of Ticon- deroga reached King George III, he dashed into the queen's room with the glad ery of “I have beat them, I have beat the Americans!” He did not realize that they, like John Paul Jones, had “not yet begun to fight, al*” ‘ugh Burgoyne soon real- ized it, The historic Fort Edward was the next to fall into his hands. But by this time his greatest diffi- culties had just begun. The prudent and skillful 7.000 men. nearly half (ZEIrE Cel General Schuyler, as he retired before the British advance, did everything in his power to delay the enemy. The inhabitants of the country withdrew with Schuyler’s army, taking with them all of, the provisions and stock possible and destroying the remainder. Bridges wer? broken down, rivers and creeks choked up and giant trees cut down across such roads as there were through the woods. Burgoyne was forced to cut his way through the wilderness, It took him 30 days to cover less than 25 miles and during that time he was forced to build some 40 bridges! The New Englanders were threatening his flank, but his instructions forbade him to turn aside and strike a blow at them. The messengers which he tried to send through to Howe were cap- tured by the Americans and he had no idea of what that general was doing. Finally the food situation became desperate. Then Burgoyne at- tempted the ill-advised expedition under (Colonel Baum, the Hessian leader, to Bennington, Vt, to capture the American supplies there. The result is history—the defeat of Baum by grim old General John Stark and the defeat also of Colonel Breyman, who had been sent to Baum's assistance, ambi- Barry In the meantime another disaster to the tious British plan had taken place. Col, St. Leger, who was *o deliver the Mohawk valley coup, failed to capture Fort Schuyler (formerly Fort Stanwix) and this, like Bennington, was an- other factor which contributed to the final down- fall of Burgoyne. Jut despite these reverses, he determined to push on. On September 13 he took the decisive step, crossed the Hudson and moved his whole force to Saratoga. In doing this he had cut off his communications with Lake George and Ticongeroga. All he could do now was to press forward and trust to luck. There was one element of luck in the situation in another blunder by the Americans. Politics in congress had resulted in the replacement of General Schuyler by Gen, Xloratio Gates, a leader inferior in every way te Schuyler and even to some of his subordinates, notably Daniel Morgan and Benedict Arnold. But even that fact was not enough to save Burgoyne from the fate which awaited him. The American camp was pitched at Stillwater, 12 miles further down the river. Bur- goyne advanced to attack and on September 19 the bitter fight at Bemis Heights took place. Bur- goyne had failed to dislodge the Americans and the attempt had cost him 500 men / The predicament of the British general at this point is well described in Wrong's “Washington and His Comrades” in the Yale University Press’ “Chronicles of America” as follows: Burgoyne’s condition was now growing desper- ate. American forces barred retreat to Canada. He must go back and meet both frontal and flank attacks or go forwagd or surrender. To go forward ncw had most promise, for at last Howe had instructed Clinton, left in command at New York, to move and Clinton was making rapid progress up the Hudson. On the seventh of October Burgovne This time he was attacked again at Stillwater. decisively defeated, a result due to the amazing energy in attack of Benedict Arnold, who had been stripped of his command by an intrigue. Gates would not even speak to him and his lingering in the American camp was unwelcome, Yet as a volunteer Arnold charged the British line madly and broke it. Burgoyne’s best general, Fraser, was killed in the fight. Burgoyne retired to Saratoga, and there at last faced the prospect of get- ting back to Fort Edward and to Canada. It may be that he could have cut his way through, but this is rather doubtful. Without risk of destruction he could not move in any direction. His enemies now outnumbered him nearly four to one. His camp was swept by the American guns and his men were under arms day and night. Amer- ican sharpshooters stationed themselves at day- break in trees about the British camp and any one who appeared in the open risked his life. . His horses were killed by rifle shots. Burgoyne had little foocd for his men and none for his horses. His Indians had long since gone off in dudgeon. Many of his Canadian French slipped off homeward and so did the Loyalists. The German troops were naturally dispirited. They died, a score at a time, of no other disease than sickness for their homes. . . In the face of all this there remained for Bur- goyne nothing but surrender. On October 8 he sent a flag of truce to Gates, asking what terms he would give. The British general indignantly refused the first demand for an unconditional surrender and after much argument finally signed the articles, called “The Convention of Saratoga,” under which the British army was allowed to march out with the honors of war, pile their arms at an appointed place and then be marched to Boston, from whence they were to b2 allowed to return to England on the condition that they would not serve again in America. Although Gates was not a particularly admir- able figure in this campaign, in that he connived | to supplant Schuyler and basely refused to give the credit due Morgan and Benedict Arnold for their brilliant work against Burgoyne's army, he does deserve credit for his treatment of his fallen foe, When Burgoyne handed him his sword with the remark “The fortune of war, General Gates, has made me your prisoner.” the American gen- eral immediately returned it with a bow and the gracious remark “I will be ready to testify that it was through no fault of your excellency.” It can | also be said to the shame of congress that it repudiated the terms given the British by Gates, held them as prisoners of war in Boston and later in Virginia and although the officers were ex- | changed from time to time, the army, as a body, | never got back to England and eventually disin- tegrated. By the time peace came in 1783 Bur- goyne's soldiers had been merged into the Amer- ican people and it may be that some of their descendants may participate in the celebration this month at Saratoga where American and Sriton clashed in deadly conflict and wrote with their blood the name of another history-making battle. For Saratoga led directly to French aid and it was the biggest step taken by the American EN LJ JUST HUMANS By GENE CARR 4 ) [GAGA WHY DO YOU WANT TO BE A COP WHEN YOU GROW UP?” 'TO TAKE THAT FRESH BIRD'S BANANAS!” ize the Cull power of personal beauty, t be Ly cherishing noble thoughts Lhepes and purposes, by baving wihing to do and something to live that is worthy of humamty, and whieh, by expanding the capacities of the seul, gives expansion and sym- metry to the body which contains it.— Upham, GOOD THINGS TO EAT / RESERVED pineapple is so expen- sive that most of us are glad to prepare our owl. Candied Pineapple. Peel the fruit and cut it into strips two inches long, one-half inch wide | and ene-fcurth inch thick. Measure the fruit and add half the quantity of sugar and let stand until the sugar is disgolved—which may be 24 hours. Drain off the juice and boil it five minutes, then add the fruit and cook for five minutes. Spread the pine- appi» oa a plate in the sun, turn when dry and roll in granulated sugar when well dried. Pack in box with waxed paper between the layers. Indian Chutney. ke two quarts of tart apples and green tomatoes, two pounds of seed- less raisins, three cupfuls of brown sugar and the same of vinegar, one | small oaion, two cupfuls of lemon | juice, one teaspoonful of red pepper, | one-half teaspoonful of salt and a small jar of preserved ginger. Peel ond core the apples and put them with the tomatoes and onion through the meat chopper, also the raisins, Mix all the ingredients in a stone jar and let stand over night, In the morning set the jar into a kettle of cold wa- ter, heat slowly and cook six hours, gtirring often, A spoonful of this chutney added to various dishes adds a very unusual and delightful flavor. Plainfield Cold Pickle. Take sixteen ripe tomatoes, four onions finely chopped, add one cupful of vinegar, three Itlespans ils of salt, one cupful of sugar and half a teaspeonful of cayenne pepper. Mix and bottle cold. Seal with paraffin, Crabapple Jelly. Wash and core enough apples to weigh a pound, add two quarts of cold water, cook 20 minutes or until clear. To Gach pint of ti:e liquid add one pound of sugar. Put the juice in a keitle bH2 for ten w’nutes, then add the swear which has been heating in tiie over, A&M until it jells when tried in a »ad eh, Laas lo Marwett (©, 192 wtarn *wspaper Union.) om GIRUGAGW® 4 ms r Copyright. 1927, by The Bell Syndicass, loc.) patriot in his march to Yorktown and te victory. “It isn’t safe to smile when you are 1g a street,” says Lronical Irene, “It may give some motorist a notion TOs: COPS DON'T DO THAT ANY MORE.” “DEN | DON'T WANT T'BE A CCP!” Mo tiers € 9 0 os Cook WHEN I WAS ,e Rp TWENTY-ONE either man .or woman would real- BY JOSEPH KAYE At 21—Conrad Bercovici Decided to Seek His Fortune in the Néw World. ROUND this time I began to think of leaving my native Ru- mania for the United States. A year or two later I arrived within sight of the famous skyline of Manhattan and soon became a part of the East side. From then on I did everything but serve as a waiter. Waitering was the only vocation I forbade myself to join.—XKonrad Bercovicl, TODAY—Mr. Bercovici has becoithe a both distinguished and popular writer, which is something that does not happen often to the men who take a typewriter to their bosoms. For many long years Bercoviei struggled with adversity as few men have struggled, selling himself to any labor that would bring sustenance for his family and himself and it is only in the last few years that he has achieved his fame. His recognition began when the “Dial” published his short story, “Ghitza,” a narative of gypsy life. This story brought a demand for other stories of a similar type and soon all the national magazines had started publishing the ‘“Bercovicei gypsy stories,” as they came to be known. The stories were then collected in book form and have had large sales in America, as well as in Europe, Bercovici is also the author of a no-fiction best-seller, “Around The World in New York,” a fascinating study of the foreign population of the metropolis. (© by McClure Newspaper Syndicate.) O SAWS By Viola Brothers Shore FOR THE GOOSE— OME women not on'y expeck to find a well every time they're thirsty, but they'd like it to get up and walk over to ’'em. Don’t expeck gratitude from your sister’s children, your husband's fam- ily or a handsome lover. I'd hate to have a doctor treat me for chilblains that never had nothin’ the matter with his feet, FOR THE GANDER— There's always room for one more kiss. Don’t be too interested in economy right before you ask a woman to marry you. If a woman wants a cigarette, give it to her—light it for her—but for heaven's sake leave her smoke it her- self. (Copyright.) Lightning Hits Glass In the ordnance museum of the United States Military academy there is on display, and has been for some years, a pane of glass that was per- forated by lightning. It was originally a pane in a window sash, and is 9 by 12 inches in size. The hole in the pane is almost a perfect circle an inch and a half in diameter, rounded off on the edge of the hole on one side of the pane, but very sharp on the edge of the hole on the other side of the pane. Accompanying the curio is a certificate made on honor by John Rigney, sergeant of ordnance, United States army, retired, to the effect that the hole was made by lightning at his By EVELYN GAGE BROWNE | OPPORTUNITY v | I D%¥*® wait for your chance to be handed to you Wrapped up and tied with a bow, Keep right on the job with the goal in view And learn all there is to know. Sit tight and watch—but do your best With the duties of every day, And fit yourself for the final test When the Big Chance comes your way. For all thfngs come to those who wait— And work while they're waiting, too; There's no such thing as luck or fate— The whole thing is up to YOU! Don’t make excuses for missing your chance Or say that it never came— For those who know, can tell at a glance, You're looking blame. for something to A lot of chances have come to men, Who never knew they were there; So the chances went their way again, And no one could find out where. Opportunity knocks at many a door, When the fellow asleep inside Missed the thing he was hoping for, Because he had never tried. So be up and doing—keep wide awake, For your chance may be near—not far, And when it comes for you to take, Just grab it—and there you are! {ony ent) SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT By F. A. WALKER MAKING GOOD THINGS N PEKING, China, there was, and I very probably still is, a blacksmith who all his life has fashioned nothing at his tiny forge but donkey bits, sim- ple rods of metal with a ring at each end to which the reins of the patient burden bearers are fastened. For hundreds of years his ancestors have been engaged in the same occu- pation. Century after century, son following father, has striven to main- tain the reputation of the highest grade handieraft and to fit his prod- uct to the craft song which each of them have sung—“I guide the ham- mer snd a king guides the bit.” There is a Chinese originated, I suspect, among that group of Eastern philosophers of which Confucius was the leader, which says: “To make good things is bet- ter than gold.” What a wonderful motto for a workman. What a splendid slogan for the man at the bench. To make a good thing, to seek per- fection in the simplest tasks, to study and strive to outdo in your present task all the accomplishments of the past AND TO SUCCEED is more sat- isfying than any other recompense that can result from our efforts. One of the bitter things of old age, to those who have honestly striven, Is that its weaknesses, its dulling o2 the human tools, its limitation of ef- fort makes it seem impossible to keep up to the standard that we set for ourselves in earlier days and strong- er moments. saying which After all, there is one masterpiece at which we all work daily, whether we will or not. That is OURSELVES. Whether, whent it is finished, it shall be a credit and a source of pride, rests wholly upon the honesty and faithfulness of our efforts. Do not figure your success alto- gether in dollars. Do not measure your accomplishments solely by fame. temember that there is a satisface tion in well doing that money cannot measure and that genius in an un- known cave is no less genius for be- ing hidden. Sing with the old blacksmith of Peking and keep your eye on his smoke-grimmed motto’ — “To make good things is better than gold.” (© by McClure Newspaper Syndicate.) Sou + What Does Your Child. 1 Want to Know 0 Answered by ed ** BARBARA BOURIJAILY ® b Kd oo afeegeed 2509 7« DOES IT HURT A FISH WHEN WE CATCH IT? A fish's nervous system Is not sensitive to touch; It hurts it some to catch It, te spread cheer as he goes.” home in Highland Falls, N. Y. But not so very much. (Cooyright » . Sa Diagram Showing O Amplifica Newest An Benefits Tone-Gate Unit, Market; New Audio Amp] A form of audio which extraordinary by its sponsors has or made available to the putting on sale the u it 1s assembled. All sounds are mad mental notes and ov mental notes are pro tions of a certain fi note has a number brating at different fr tones are the charact that permit the ear note struck on a pian note produced by ano Musical Frequer Music frequencies Vv brations per second to perfect reproduction, quencies and all over amplified the same audio amplifier to re: inal combination ser broadcast station. Go fication amplifies or of high and low fre overtones the same d volume. The new scheme of amplification is a con ance and impedance c« cial enameled high re: Sun Directly Aff Strengtl That the sun’s inf probably the chief fac ing the strength of I signals was one of the | stated in the annual re oratory for special rac research, as prepared Austin of the United S statistics. In addition to the cu showing the routine m the laboratory, curves the report which indie lationship between the nal strength and the number of sunspots du sunspot cycle, the sig in strength with the i spots. Other curves show p in signals during the ti rotation (27 days), wh cate a nine-day period certain stations. Some of the curve fixed active areas on often produce an incr strength when they f These periodic relation are not considered as as the relationship o and yearly averages o signals extending over years. How Radio Servi Doctors Up Quite frequently the called in to give his vie ure of a home-built t quency set to afford lectivity. Often this to the grid returns of the RI coils or the de ondary being run to f ment lead. There is ¢ check up on the forme the usual type, € using ¢ battery potential on th amplifier tubes and 4! detector tube, with a 4° bias on the audio-amp is to insert a 0-50 scal in the wire running fro terminal of the “B” common “A” and “B’ nection, If all is well of the needle on the rn catesthat a current of is flowing. When a gre current is being const that the polarity of tl is correct, and that its nal is connected to th lead. Next, inspect the sure that the RF awn turns are connected t side of the lamenfit ci those of the audio tul the negative “C” batter a 201-A type tube is detector, it should hs
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