IJAPPE jun; lnc, vJ JtU will :v;'?S1w't st&J--1 t- Jfif: L t - 4 WITZERLAND never grows old or pale. It never wearies Its lovers and admirers. It 1b al ways beautiful. Surely Its peo ple have found the fountain of perpetual youth, for nothing stales Its Infinite variety. It Is the country of seasonal and perennial attractions, possessing that rare thing that even ivandal men cannot destroy. The peasants love their home and in many instances preserve the delight fully Qubint customs which so greatly charm the tourist. One would be mis taken to judge these people as Igno rant; the constitution of the country enables them to obtain an Insight fnto general state affairs and great care Is taken In the education of the young to broaden their knowledge in every direction. Their Intelligence, therefore, strikes the visitor as re markable. During the summer one is not troubled with enow until one reaches about eight thousand feet altitude. In, the winter snow is, however, as low as 2,000 or even 1,000 feet. The white line thus moves high or low according to the season. The pageantry of the season indeed Is nowhere else so crowded with de lightful surprises in which the people move in sympathy. The peasants are true to the nature that has mothered them. In the spring the villages are agog and abustlo, holding picturesque old-time festivals, preceding the start of the herds to the mountain pastures. The matrons of the herds are provided with melodious bells, globular In form, but thin and light and differing in size from twelve to two inches in di ameter. They are as varied in pitch as in size, and their tones' mellow Into a gentle, harmonious effect without harshness." The herders and the dairy maids meet on the village green to enjoy a day of song and dance. Preparations are made for the summer's round of activity in the mountains, where, in spite of hard work, an almost idyllic experience Is lived by the light-hearted peasants. The verdant and aro matic pastures, amid these wonderful scenic settings, provide vistas opening on wide horizons of jagged peaks and profound gorges clothed with the rar est verdure. The mountain herdsmen and their comely companions of the churn are hardy and blooming, and song and yodellng continually . ease and relieve the labors of the summer when duties are arduous and results Imperative. i It Is a unique and inspiring sight to witness the annual spring parade or procession starting for the mountain pastures. The usual cooking and dairy utensils have to be transported, for these migrants from the vales must remain with their charges in the mountains until the time of return in the fall of the year. They occupy their mountain huts, which are fitted suit ably for themselves as well as for the necessary dairying. As soon as the snow begins to disappear from the lower pastures the herder marshals bis herd and starts out. In the fes tive procession the bull leads. On his horns are placed a milk stool, and on his head a chaplet of flowers. He bears,, hanging from his neck, the deep-toned bell. These melodious bells aie made of alloyed stiver. From their tones have originated the imita tive yodellng or warbling of the herd er a sudden changing from the fal setto to the chest voice, and vice versa. Following the monarch of the berd comes the queen of the kine, gayly decorated and wearing the best bell of the cows. Every cow has her bell, and so accustomed are they, to them that losing them is a disaster, even causing a loss of the "cud." The kine know their places. At the start the strongest and best assert their precedence. They will battle among themselves for the right of way, which, once settled, all is peace. The bell-cow leads in the search for pas tures new and she brooks no Interfer ence. ' The mountaineer's response to the sound of the herder's Joyous yodel is the "alpenhorn," a long horn, the ef fect of which must be heard In the Alps to be appreciated. The moun tains echo It with Infinite sweetness, and the effect Is tender and thrilling. The farther the distance from which Its tones are beard the more flute-like seems Its answer powerful, mellow. Strong and sweet, It fills the valley, while the echoes are flung weirdly and strangely from the mountain ram parts. In the former times, when the sturdy Schweitzer often bad to leave bis herds and repel an Intruding force, he alpenhorn. was the means of sum- 3 4,V 4 moning him to arms. Even now' the melody has a haunting Bound that seems to speak of martial deeds. "No wonder the Bound of the ' alpenhorn was forbidden during the days when the Swiss Berved as mercenaries to France and Italy and other countries," says a writer. "Its pound would cause hundreds of otherwise faithful soldiers to desert for their Alps. And the pongs with which Alpine herders call their companions from hill to hill and from crag to crag are of the same nature." There Is a very practical relation ship between good singing and good dairying, and this was proved at ft farmers' congress at Interlalten, where In a milking contest three days long, the same cows, milked In songless silence, yielded 200 quarts of milk; milked by maids with fn4r voices, they yielded 220 quarts; milked by maids with the finest voices they yielded 240 quarts, f This proof of a fact that had long been suspected at once set a pre mium on the milkmaids who could sing well. They that could not Blng well began Immediately to study vo calization, and hence Switzerland has many good singing milkmaids. Milk ing time In the mountain is easily known by the tourist on account of the enormous volume of song that then soars up. tilent milking is a crime, and the dairymaid who milks in silence is certain to lose her po sition. Swiss maids who apply for places in dairies are examined as strictly in singing as in milking and butter-making. Dut dairying Is only one of the Swiss peasants' occupa tions. All over the sides of the mountains are seen the pretty chalets, with their patches of cultivated ground, and every peasant seems to own some land, even thongh It may be not more than a few square feet, but It Is divid ed off Into little plats for the different vegetables like pieces In a crazy quilt. In the valleys are the orchards and pasture land. The mountain farms are steep and, rocky and cannot be plowed, but are dug up with spades and hoes by women and girls. The women also occasionally cut the grass on the al most perpendicular mountain slopes, bind it Into bundles and carry it to the barns on their backs. There is scarcely anything so pic turesque as a Swiss haymaker with curiously pointed hat, his loose blouse of dark hue and his knee breeches, as be moves about with his rake over his shoulder. That self-same swain swinging his broad-bladed, straight handled scythe, while with a swish swash he mows the grass laid before him, makes another graceful figure. The round, rosy cheeks and the simple .costume of baBque, full short skirt and bright head-dress of the buxom maidens who rake after him render the picture complete. The costumes of these still idyllic peasants are as picturesque 'as nature. The Bernese peasant girl 8 costume Is beautiful, with Its snow-white shirt sleeves rolled up to the shoulder, ex posing to view a plump, sunburnt arm. The life of the people, active and in tensely human, Is filled up with many festive occasions, . full tof ceremonial traditions. In these they exhibit their national customs and costumes, and the most Interesting of them concern affairs nearest the heart. Betrothal, marriage, christening, as well as the many folk affairs, furnish occasions In which the festive dance Is gleefully Indulged In.. Many a bard day's work is ended by such a festive gathering, and then It Is that the soul of the peasant Is wrought forth In hlSxtlmely acts. J ' v 1 1 Greater New York's Increased Needs MY TOWN HAll ";"M"",T' GRUWN SOM.E ALi. RICHT ) NEW YORK. That the New York elty government has, In some ways at least, kept pace with the clty'B growth ns shown in the census re turns is manifest from a budget study compiled by the city statisticians. The census returns show an lncrense In the population of 38.7 per cent. In the same ten-year period the city budget has grown from $90,778,972 to $163. 030,270 an Increase of over 74 per cent. The figures estimated for the expenditure of the actual city, as apart from the county, were for 1900 $79,201,703, and for 1910 $158,775,145, or 94 per cent Increase. The increased cost In the city gov ernment is partly accounted for, ac cording to the budget officials, by the widened scope of municipal enterprise. For example, ten years ago the domes tic relations courts In Manhattan and Ilrooklyn, the special schools for de fective children or tuberculosis pa tients and the establishment of play grounds were entirely outside the gen eral conception of what the city gov ernment should do. The expense of maintaining the city's police force has Increased more than a third In the decade. The board of education now requires twice as much as in 1900 $28,500,000, Instead UlX. RICHT fjfMt Souvenir Postal Saves Heir $20,000 CHICAGO. An unusual story of a lost heir to a $3,000,000 estate, whoso chance mailing of a souvenir post card will bring him $20,000, was revealed In the probnto court the other day. The man Is Corne lius Carney, now a resident of Okla homa City, who was thought to have perished in the San Francisco earth quake and fire In April, 190G. The story he told In court ran like this: Ho was born 30 years ago in Troy. N. Y., a member of a large family whose head, John Carney, was for more noted for his convivial hab its than for his thrift and Industry. Consequently the little Carneys found life In Williams street alley a strug gle in which dirt and want were dally factors. After being very bad for a long time the condition of the Carney family became worse, and Cornelius was sent to a children's asylum. There wasn't much In life In Wil liams street alley but liberty there was plenty of that and the compara tive comfort of the asylum couldn't Ants Are Driving Kansans From Home W.CHITA, Kan. G rasshoppers, chinch bugs and Hessian flies, and a few other such pests, have visit ed Kansas in bygone days, eaten the crops, trimmed the leaves off the trees and driven more or less hardy pio neers back to their wives' folks in the East, but never until this year have ants in sufficient numbers been no ticed to cause people to desire to leave their once happy homes in the Sun flower State. From several towns come reports of ants In such numbers as to cause ac tual worry by the inhabitants. The people are not unaccustomed to the little black ant and the red ant which vlBlt the sugar bowl occasionally, but they can't account for the swarms of all sorts and breeds of ants which are Hog Raising a Social Eccentricity LONDON. Women of title. Jaded by the fatigues of the season, are be ing offered unique opportunities for calming their overwrought nerves. Lady Wolseley, bead of the Ladles' Park club, has conceived the happy idea of enabling the blue-blooded mem bers to live as farm bands. The re jtreat that baa been provided for them is far from tne maaaing crowa, in an antique country house in Middlesex county. Duchesses tired of the social whirl go there to commune with nature and to enjoy the delightful luxury of plain fare. Life on the farm will be almost severe, for the spoiled darlings of so ciety. They are not allowed to play of $14,000,000. The street-cleaning de partment spends 50 per cent more $7,500,000, Instead of $5,000,000. The health department's appropriation has grown 125 per cent from $1,050,000 to $2,750,000. The fire department costs 80 per cent more $8,150,000, in place of $4,850,000. figures for church membership in Greater New York compiled by local organizations show that the number of church membors for the five bor the new population figures. In 1900 oughs Is 1,310,421, or 37.2 per cent of there wero 1,233,077 members of Christian churches. This was 35.9 per cent of the population. The figures seem to show that the growth In church membership is 1.3 per cent ahead of the population growth. This growth, it Is estimat ed, is divided about evenly between Protestants and Roman Catholics. At present It ltl calculated that there are 440,783 Protestants to 869,048 Roman Catholics. A remarkable fact In the religious work of the city has been the growth of the Lutheran church, Its additional churches since 1855 having been 22 per cent of those built In Greater New York. Next to It comes the Protes tant Episcopal church, which has built ninety-three churches to the Luther ans' 113. There are at least 66 separate Chris tian bodies at work In New York, of which the four which obtain the larg est tax exemptions on account of prop erty are the Roman Catholic, the Protestant Episcopal, the Presbyterian and the Jewish. compensate Cornelius for the loss of his freedom, so when he was old enough to care for hlmBelf 13 years old, to be exact Cornelius ran away nnd started out to see the world. After several years of w'anderlng, Charley en listed In the United States marine corps, rie served for six years, and in that time visited every port you ever heard of and tuoro besl Early In 1900 Carney was In China and wrote home that ho was Balling Boon for San Francisco. That was the last his relatives heard. of him in years. In 1908 Mrs. Anna F. Baker, who was Mrs. Carney's sister, died In Chi cago, leavlug an estate of $3,000,000, of which a considerable part went to the Carney children, who had grown up and prospered in Troy. To set tle up tho estate It was necessary to find Cornelius alive or prove htm dead, and one was about as hard a task as the other. Finally the courts decided Cornelius was dead although he was married and living In Okla homa. Within a short time Cornelius share In his aunt's estate would have gone to Cook county, but just In the nick of timo Cornelius sent a souvenir post card to bis sister, Mrs. Lizzie Pratt of Troy, who at once wrote him that he was an heir to bis aunt's estate. In court Carney proved his heirship and will get the $20,000 before long. now in evidence. Kiowa and other towns in Harper county tell of the visits of the ants. AlinoFt the entire residence portion of Kiowu, a. town of more than one thousand Inhabitants, is In the grasp of untold millions of ants. At first the earth seemed literally to be alive with thorn. There were big ants, lit tle ants, red ants, blond ants and brunette ants. They all seemed to be hungry and they got Into the houses. Not content with the food in the pan tries, they Infested carpets, beds, chewed clothing to pieces and caused a great deal of havoc. Openwork stockings and porous un derwear had to be abandoned for close-knit clothing by the residents, be cause the ants didn't remain on the floor or in the beds, but swarmed over human beings. In certain sections of the town fam ilies actually moved out to get away from the ants, thinking it was cheaper to move than to lose their household goods. Others are devoting their time to fighting the pests by fumigating the houses and inundating the floors. bridge or to smoke cigarettes within the charmed walls of the farmhouse. But there Is nothing to prevent a countess from sneaking away to en joy a whiff in the cow shed. Titled farm hands may also dis port themselves among the poultry, and carry feed to hungry hogs. Ex perts are on the premises to teach bee keeping,, bread making, how to run a poultry farm and how to spin. It isn't compulsory for countesses to kill fowls for the market, though way ward fancy may lead them to en liven their week-ends by waiting on the pigs. Spinning' is Included in the cate gory of Interests, because spinning Is held to be such a restful and poetic occupation. Spinning wheels have been imported from Scotland and les sons are given at $1.60 by a profi cient Instructress. The role of shep herdess at the farm Is popular, but the most amused people on the prem ises are the rustics who dovthe real work. SECRETS OF HONEY BUSINESS Bees Will Store Just as Much In Old Box or Washing Machine as In Finest Hive. Bees will Btore just as much honey In any kind of an old box, keg or de serted washing machine' as in the flneBt hive that was ever made, and that is one of the big secrets of the bee business; the principal thing Is keep the box cool by shading Jt dur ing the heat of the day, though shade at other times I consider objectlon- Close to the hive hove an abun dance of water, some salt and slaked lime, writes A. F. Bennoy In Farm Pross. The best watering device I Tree Box.' know of In a' board set at an angle of about twenty degrees with a can or bucket at the high end which leaks just fjst enough to keep the board wet a little. The container must be kept covered, else the bees will got In and drown. Secret No. 2. Do not molest the bees after they get to work, and give them an abundance of room In which to store honey 2,000 to 3,000 cubic Inches Is not too much. No. 3. Bees will sting, for they are built that way. The remedy Is to wear veil and gloves until you get to like having the little dears prod you. Take an old box of about 2,000 cu bic inches capacity and across one end fasten a dozen sticks the size of your finger, nailing Into the ends of them through the sides of the box. Cleat the cover boards together, cut a hole one half by six Inches in the lower end and fasten it on with screws. Now tie a wire loop In the top of the box to hang it up by and you have what I call a "tree box." With several of them, which cost me just 15 cents, I got honey enough to sell for $100, but I sorted It carefully, putting the clean white comb into jars (Mason), and Bellini; It for 15 cents a pound. The rest of the honey I strained and put In jelly tumblers, Mason Jars and tin (gnllon) cans and it averaged me Wfa cents a pound. Labels can be bought at a low price which aid In selling. At the end of the season I had besides the honey several swarms of bees and could have had more. Long Churning. The principal causes for long churn ing are here given In the Montana ex periment station bulletin, and possi bly those interested may find out what Is wrong by comparison with theBe different causes. 1. Cream may be too cold. 2. Cream may be from "strippers." S. Cream .may be too thin. 4. Cream may be too thick, and thus whip up Into a lather when the churning commences, and by sticking on the side of the churn is not really churning, even If the churn Is revolv ing. 5. Churn may be too fnll. 6. You may be churning too fast and thus carry the cream right around with the churn. Of course, there are bacterial Infec tions that will cause slow churning, but I would hardly suppose that you would be bothered to that extent. Prob ably In looking 1 over your work some of these causes may glv? you a clue. Bees and Cucumbers. A correspondent of one of the lead ing bee journals Is authority for the statement that more than 100 growers of hothouse cucumbers In Massachus etts have found It necessary to keep bees In their buildings to "set" or fructify the cucumbers. Over 1,000 col onies are now being used In this way and In most cases it has been found necessary to replace these colonies each year. This has created a steady demand for bees, and the benefits de rived have been so apparent that this demand promises to grow. At present, however, an earnest effort Is being made to determine If possible, why col onies thus kept in hothouses are short lived, since the necessity of replacing them almost yearly Is not only very expensive but seems a great sacrifice of the Industrious little Insects. Good Pastures. Shade from the hot sun and pure water are as essential to food pastures as plenty of grass. 0 SIUMf or LI 1 1 en IS UNIUUfc Old Method of Using Wedge or Dyna mite Improved Upon by Large Conical 8 crew. The usual method 'of removing stumps of trees from the ground is to spilt them by the use of a wedge or a blast of dynamite, says Sclentlflo American. The accompanying lllusi i Unique Stump Splitter. tration shows a new method. It con sists In screwing a wedge Into the top of the stump. The wedge is In reality a largo conical screw, provided at Its lower end with a fine thread used for starting the cone into the wood. The shaft of the Bcrew Is provided with a hand wheel, by which It may be stead led and turned. Extending laterally from the shaft Is a long arm, at the end of which a whiflletree Is coupled A horse may be bitched to the whlffl tree, to turn the shaft and screw the cone Into the stump. When the stump Is too large for the threaded cone on the shaft to split effectively, anotbef cone section may be added. After the stump has been split by means of the Jjne Into a number of small part these parts can easily be excavated and removed. POTATOES WERE LEFT OVER Seed Remained In Ground All Winter and Produced Strong, Vigor ous Plants. Sometimes potatoes left In the ground over winter will produce good crops the following year. Of course such Instances are rare and are not easily accounted for. The photograph Left-Over Potatoes. from which the accompanying cut was made was Bent by a man living at Stamford, Conn. He says this bill was from seed which remained In the ground all winter and grew strong, vigorous plants the next spring. The ground bad been heavily fertilized for rhubarb. The application of lime to cabbage soil Is highly recommended. Thin the early endives and keep the cultivation going between the rows. Bee hives should be made so that they can be opened without Jarring them. Stirring honey unnecessarily causes it to candy Booner than It otherwise would. Avoid breaking or treading on the vines when gathering cucumbers or melons. The best way to combat the Hessian fly, Is to seed the wheat fields as late as possible. On the same day that the plowing Is done the harrow or packer should fol low the plow. The cool days of middle autumn af ford the best time of the year to paint the farm buildings. Eat the string beans while they are crisp. Take a dish of them over to the neighbor who has none. One hundred pounds of nitrate of soda per acre will help shove late cabbages along wonderfully. The queen bee lives to an age of four years or more, but the workers live for only about forty days. Keep the tomato vines off the ground. Hand-pick tomato-worms; they are easily found and killed. If you want to enrich your soil cheaply, bow a cover crop as fast as the ground Is vacated by vegetables. Hoe or cultivate cabbages, and other growing crops, often, at least once In ten days, and especially after rains. Close stopping of fruiting cucumbers Is necessary or a lot of useless wood and foliage will be made. Young plants, of course, will need more free dom. Growing Cedar Trees. A farmer In Tennessee has 25 acres planted to cedar, which Is grown for the sole purpose of making lead peni ells. The trees grow very rapidly and are cultivated like any other crop.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers