The Mysterious Tunnels of the Alamo. The mysterious tunnel which leads In two directions from beneath the enclent Alamo building In Ban An tonio ba never been explored. It Is known that one branch ot the tunnel rum south for at least two and a halt miles, to the old Concopclon mission, and that another branch extends north from the Alamo to the ruins of the antiquated stone block house, which stands in what Is now San Pedro Park. It is about two miles from this block house to the Alamo. The early accounts of the string of ancient missions which are situated along the San Antonio River make no reference to the system of tunnels which was evidently constructed about the time the buildings were erected. It is evident that the exis tence of these tunnels was not known to the early settlers. It Is certain that had the brave American defend ers of the Alamo known that two passageways led from beneath the floor of the structure at the time they were being besieged by the forces of Santa Anna they might have escaped the horrible massacre that befel them at the bands of the Meilcan horde. When the American garrison of the Alamo were surrounded by the Mexi can troops they knew of no way of escaping the death that surely await ed them. So well did the Franciscan Fathers who built and inhabited these missions keep the secret of the exis tence of the tunnels that this knowl edge did not even come to the early Mexican settlers of San Antonio. It was not until about twenty years ago that the discovery was made that a tunnel led from the Alamo to the Concepcton mission and then It was quite by accident that the under ground passage was found. Louis Teborah was digging a well at his home on South Presa street when the picks of the workmen struck a hard substance that proved to be adobe plaster such as the Fran clsclan Fathers taught the Indians of this section to make In the early days. A few strokes of a pick made an open ing In this concrete wall and a cavern was exposed to view. Toborah and the laborers who were digging the well descendj'i Into the opening and found that It was not a cave, as they supposed, but was a tunnel, with a width of about i.ve feet and a height of seven feet. The concrete layer of two or three Inches In thickness formed the walls and arched roof, while the floor or bottom of the pas sageway was of dirt. The tunnel was explored by Teborah and others for distances of several hundred yards It. both directions. Further progress was blocked by cave-Ins which had oc curred, filling the passages with dirt and debris. One end of the explored tunnel crossed under the San Antonio River. In order to get a safe dis tance under the bed of the stream the tunnel was lowered several feet at the crossing point, flights of stone steps connecting the two levels. It Is thought that the tunnel runs in an almost direct line between the block house on the north to the Concepcton mission on the south, by way of the Alamo, and if this theory Is correct the river crosses above It no less than a dozen times. The opening Into the tunnel In the Alamo Is situated in one of the cells of the monks. Centuries of disuse havo caused it tc fill with debris, and no effort has ever been made to clean It out and conduct an exploration so f as known. The same condition Is true of the entrances beneath the block house and at Concepcton mis sion. Since the discovery made by Teborah the tunnel has been encoun tered at several other points on its course. While excavating for the out fall sewer that leads south out of the city tho tunnel was broken into and considerable difficulty was experi enced in building the brick sewer across it. It not lnirequently happens that the tunnel is struck while exca vating for tho foundations for houses. It Is curious that no systematic ex ploration of this ancient relic of the Franciscan Fathers has ever been at tempted. It is believed that the tun nel does not stop at the Concepcion mission, but that It extends all tho way to the San Francisco do la Eapa da mission, situated nine miles south of San Antonio, connecting en route tho San Jose end the San Juan mis sions. All these ancient structures are built close to the San Antonio River, and are surrounded by little v villages of Mexicans. These mission buildings were erected nearly two centuries ago and it is supposed that the tunnel, which probably connects nil of them, was constructed about the same time. The block house In San Pedro Park was built at a later date, and It Is considered likely that the branch tunnel which leads to It was built some time after the pas sageway to the missions was finished. There Is much speculation as to the original object of the system of tunnels. The Franciscan Fathers had little to fear from the Indians. They were beloved by the members of the tribes who inhabited this part of the country In tho early daya. Notwith standing the fact that the venture somo missionaries made the Indians perform the hard labor of construct ing tho mission buildings, no trouble ever urose between the devout Fran ciscans and the redskins, .. It is prob able that the real object of this tun nel, connecting some, if not all, of the missions along the San Antonio River, was to afford the monks an opportunity of visiting each other without the knowledge of the Spanish military and civil authorities who : made their headquarters in San An tonio. An exploration and rehabilitation of this ancient system of tunnels might lead to many Interesting dis coveries, it Is thought. In the Imag inative minds of some persons the treasure room of the Franciscan monks Is situated at somo point on the line ot the underground passage way, and perhaps it may still contain a store of vast wealth. The Mexican Inhabitants of the lit tle villages situated adjacent to the missions have a superstitious dread of the mysterious tunnel. None of them could bo Induced to enter the dark and gruesome passagewny. Old Don Pedro, as he is called, the vet eran Mexican who Is In charge of Concepcion mission, Is voluble ns he shows tho visitor through that an cient pile of stone and mortar until be comes to the entrance to the tun nel. "And, pray, what Is this?" the in quiring sightseer may nsk. Don Jose shrugs his shoulders and raises his hands as if in muto suppli cation that he be spared from further questioning. If the visitor persists in bis efforts to learn something about the tunnel, Don Jose protests that the mysterious passageway could have served no good purposo In Its time and that Us construction was prob ably the work of the devil. "It be full of B-p-e-e-r-I-t-s," he will say. "How came It there nobody knows. Have I not heard the rumb lings of the s-p-e-e-r-l-t-s when the night Is dark? Do they not hold high revelry In their dark home when the world above them is quiet and at rest? Perhaps they may be clamor ing to be released from their impris onment In tho underground tavern, but It Is not for me to do this. They might spread sickness and misfortune among us; It Is best that they remain where they are," and Don Juan turns away from the spot and quickly leads the way to the outside of the crumb ling edifice, where a flood of sunlight destroys the depressing effect of his recital. The Buperstltleus belief of Don Juan may be assumed for the benefit of the tourists whom ho es corts through the mission, but it Is shared by many of his people In the village. The Franciscan Fathers who estab lished these missions also taught the Indians how to cultivate the soil. One of the oldest Irrigation ditches' upon the continent extends along the river valley adjacent to these missions. This "mother ditch," ns It was called, is still In good condition, although it has been more than a century since it was used. Another relic of these missionaries is a stone nqueducr. which is situated near the Can Jose mission. It spans the San Antonio River, and is still In use, although it was built two centuries ago. Search has been made from time to time for an opening Into the tunnel that is be lieved to exist in the stone abutments beneath this ancient bridge, but none has ever been found. San Anlnnio Correspondence of the Now York Press. Flying ami Kite Trade. "We are not taking the Interest in flight that we should," oald an avia tor. "France, where the Wrights arc established, to our shame,, leads the world in aeronautics, and in conse quence the French kito business has grown like an ill weed. "Kitemakers havo sprung tip every where in France. Their llttlo shops are full of long bamboo poles, bolts of scarlet silk and blue muslin, nnd in show cases lie folded kites that are S3 big, outspread, as an aeroplane. "In studying tho air, one must be gin with tho kite,- as in studying mathematics one must begin with arithmetic. Tho enthusiastic and in telligent French know this, and many an automobile, halting far out in the Landes or Var country, discharges a young student and a folded kite that measures, when opened out, eighteen or twenty feet across. ' "Yes, tho French kitomaker is prospering nowadays, and clever he is, too, with his bamboo frum?s and curving planes of tight-stretehed scar let silk." Philadelphia Bulletin. BIG BUSINESS MEN EASY MARKS Makd Losses In Bad Speculations as Often or Oftener Than Average Citizen. Another notion that Is prevalent but erroneous Is that successful men make no fool or bad Investments. The world In general don't know about the foolish or bad investments made by successful business men. The man with a little money who dabbles in speculation and loses is apt to go around to his friends be wailing his hard luck, but the suc cessful business man keeps his losses from bad investments a profound se cret as a general rule. This is partly because he is ashamed to acknowl edge that he made a mistake in bis Judgment of an Investment nnd part ly because It is- -aomo damage to a business man to have it known that he has sustained losses. When a re port of that kind does get out it is generally exaggerated Just as the wealth of a rich man is generally supposed to be a good deal more than It actually Is. However, If you get right next to tho average business man you will find that he has frequently Invested in speculations ot one kind and an other, and that he hat lost on those WOMEN OF KOREAN COURT. Great Reduction In Their Number Influence They Onro Exerted. The visit of three Koroan court ladles to Japan Is an Indication of the striking changes that havo resulted from the Japanese occupation of the Hermit Kingdom. Two years ago there were no fewer than 1800 ladies at wailing, now there are only 100. This wholesale reduction naturally created consternation, and there was much lamentation among those whose services were dispensed with. Their lot, however, do 33 not seem to have been altogether enviable. It appears that It has been the custom to take girls Into tho court from tho age 'of ten, and thenceforth throughout the whole period of their natural Uvea they were never allowed to leave the precincts of tho palace, so that they lived in absolute ignorance of the outside world. The few who accompanied the Em peror on his recent tour gave evi dence of tho timidity which had re sulted from their long confinement, for they could hardly be persuaded to enter the train, nnd they finally did so with manifest trepidation. Hitherto the Influence of theso ladles at court has been very great. Having constant access to tho ear of the Sovereign, on the one hand, and being, on the other, accessible to all the Intriguing Influences that pre vailed in the unwholesome atmos phere of tho court, their power ex ceeded even that ot Ministers of State, Loudon Telegraph, Advertisement as a Germicide. Advertisement Is expensive. The first thing an advertiser needs to make sure ot Ib that the wares he offers are worth the cost of offering them. Sometimes they are not, and still the advertisement may be profit able because ot the vast supply of folks In the world who are ready to be persuaded and do not know when they are fooled. It Is a reasonable presumption, however, that commo dities that are advertised Impressive ly and long are worth advertising, because shrewd adventurers In trade nre loath to spend good money in recommending bad goods. This pre sumption, unfortunately, does not ex tend to tho persons upon whom adver. Using Is forced. They may be super latively worthy of attention or quite unworthy of It. Their examples may be directly profitable as examples to follow, Indirectly ns examples to avoid, or unprofitable because they possess a garish attraction which mis leads the foolish. It is all one to their advertisers, whose only aim is to find a profit in satisfying public curiosity nnd who are as ready to do it by exposing the folly of the foolish ns by expounding the wisdom of tho wise. The beat that can be said of advertisement of this sort Is that pub licity, like sunshine, Is a great germi cido and that some of the most per nicious social germs arc blighted by It. FJ. S. Martin, in The Atlantic. "Adam ami Eve's." The papers referred recently to the erection of a "shaft" as a memorial to Adam, dwelling on the "fact" that it was the first monument to the first man. That may be so, but in Dublin, Ireland, there havo been two edifices raised not to Adam alone but Adam and Eve. in the end of the seventeenth cen tury a saloon was opened In Cook street, "Tho Sign ot Adam and Eve." So popular was tho sign that when tho Franciscan Friars opened a church near by their prior. Father Francis Walsh, adopted tho name to draw the citizens to another kind of spiritual consolation, it was an ill-fated building, though, for in 1714 it fell, bringing death to a vast crowd which had assembled to hear a famous preacher, Sylvester Lloyd, bishop of Watertord. The church was rebuilt through tho efforts of Bishop Lloyd, and from time to time additions have been made, till now it stands one of the finest Franciscan convents in Ireland. Some busybodios not approving of the quaint old title had It officially changed a few years ago Into "The Church of St. Francis of Asslsi," but the Irish are no lovers of new things, so the old cognomen stuck, and to Dubliners all over the world It is still old "Adam and Eve's." From a Letter In tho Chicago Tribune. ventures as often or oftener than the average citizen. Tho fact Is that de sire to gamble is In most ot us. Somo times it manifests Itself In one way, sometimes in another. Most business men fortunately are. too cautious to Invest a great amount in speculations and consequently do not cripple their legitimate business. Once in a while a business man can not resist the temptation to plunge, and if he loses, which he generally does, his business becomes involved. If he is where ho is Intrusted with the money of other people he Is apt to yield to the temp, tation to use tho trust funds, thinking that he will get it all back again. The speculation falls. Ho la a defaulter. He covers up tho defalcation for a while, but it is found out after a timo and then there Is the public exposure, flight, disgrace, or may bo conviction and the penitentiary or suicide. The Merchants' Journal. The world's gold production last year was the largest In history, $ 409,000,000, against $400,000,000 1b 1807 and 1290,000,000 In 1906. AMERICAN PEOPLE THE MOST UNHAPPY. If You've Prospered You Are Miserable, Say Prof. Small, ol Chicago University. According to Professor Albion W. Small, head of the Department of So ciology of the University of Chicago, every one Is miserable who Is pros perous. Ho told this to the Woman's Club. "We modern Americans," he said, "are the most unhappy people that have ever lived on the face of the earth. Why? "Because we are the most prosper ous people. "Because we are the freest people. "Because we are the most highly educated. "Misery does not make people dis satisfied as much as prosperity. It Is not those who are the most miserable nor those who Inck the most of social or material wealth whose dissatisfac tion over their condition breaks out Into revolutions for reform. "Take the great revolutions of modern history tho French Revolu tion or the Civil War, for example and you will note that the respective countries in which these agitations developed were not ripe for revolu tion until they had come to a certain degree of prosperity, which devel oped the idea of personal rights and liberties. "The main reason why, In my judg ment, there will be no revolution In Russia for a long time to come Is the fact that the common people of that country are so miserable that they have been, and will long be, unable to develop a dissatisfaction acute enough to break into forcible resist ance. "In the same manner freedom and education make for unhapplness. They bring serious responsibilities. They make the individual feel and ee the actual inequality of men. "They flood society with problems that tax the mind and sear the heart. So various are the appeals which they make to our intellects and our feel ings that we reach for a remedy and then, lobster like, we travel backward to find bow near it fits the disease. "Our American forefathers hit npon political democracy as the remedy for all social wrongs. We have tried It. We have twisted It and stretched It and revised it and have In the end found Hint It has brought us graft, corruption and social unrest. The longer wo have handled It the more complex and the more distressing have our political and social problems become. "Now we liavo new doctors In tho Held. Social democracy is the cure all they would havo us swallow. "But let us beware. We havo been sorely disappointed in political dem ocracy; may not social democracy bring just, as many and just as trying complications? "Let us not t!epn!r. The talent for misery Is t he fountain of progress. It Is only wh'ti men ran picture to themselves what they think and what they want, and can work u? enough genuine dissatisfaction to get them selves into action that thv accom plish anything worth while." flock That Tells Much. One of the most wonderful clocks In cslstenre is now in the possession of Louis Desoutter. who has had the honor of taking it to Buckingham Palace for Inspection by tho Queen. Her Majesty showed great Interest in Its beautiful mechanism. The clock Is fixed on a Louis Seize stand and has four faces. Besides marking the hours. It shows the tides at six different parts of the world, the mean time and the solar time, the nge ot the moon, the movements of the planets, all eclipses, and Is a per petual calendar. It was made by Jan vier, of Paris, in 1780 for the French Academy, and took eleven years to manufacture; the workmanship Is magnificent. London Evening Stan dard. He Couldn't Lose. 'All flushed and breathless, the well dressed young mnn picked up the hat ho had been chasing down the street and leaned against a lamppost to rest. Another, also breathing heavily, came running up and took the hat out of his hand. "I'm much obliged," he said. "For what?" "This 13 my hat." "Where's mine, then?" "Hanging behind you at the end of a string." Then for the first time the young man remembered his hat guard. Success Magazine. Trouble With Eowtegscd Men. "It wouldn't be so bad If people were merely bowlegged," said a tail or over in the arcade the other day, "but what makes trouble for tho tailor Is that no two logs nre bowed Just alike. One knee will bo bowed out further than the other. "The tailor has to draw special plans and specifications for each trou ser leg before he can go ahead to cut the goods." Cleveland Plain Dealer. .Fleas From Mars? The times are full of strange por tents. A swarm cf flyins ants at Bloomfield, N. J., and a combined plague of fleas and aurora borealis In Waterbury, Conn., arc taken to riean either that it Is t;oing to be a good year for fishing or Mars Is trying to signal us. New Yori Herald. Europe has nine museums for ex hibiting the dangerous parU of machinery. DEPARTMENT RAISING DUCKS. Case in Point Where They Did Uettcr Without Water. We confess that after raising ducks in a small way for three years wo cannot satisfactorily say whether it Is profitable to raise ducks without giv ing them access to water. This year we raised them without letting them havo access to water, excepting for drinking purposes. During the sum mers of 1906 and 1907 we raised 200 Mammoth Peklns and the youngsters took to the water within eighteen hours after being taken from the ln rubator or within twenty-four hours after the old hen came off tho nest with them. Tho water, a small stream, was within 300 yards of tho hatching place and every duck, with one ac cord, took a bee lino for It, says a writer in Farm and Home. We had good luck with them. This year we kept watch of the youngsters for sev eral weeks, keeping them away from tho water. In a few weeks they would range around the feed within twenty paceB of the brook but have never taken a swim. We have the Pekln and the Indian Runner breeds, and for the past sixty days or more they have grazed in the pasture, often going almost to the edge of the brook. They seem to bo perfectly healthy nnd content and we have not lost a cluck by disease, nor had any-sick or ailing. After eating, they go through all tho motions of a swim, dipping themselves and going through tho motions as if they were In the water. We like ducks because they are so healthy and so easily controlled. We aim to market the Pekins nt ten weeks old nnd expect such ducks to average fully five pounds or over. To reach these figures they must not have too much range or too much ex ercise. It seems to me that the breeding ducks should have free ac cess to water. I believe the eggs will be more fertile and tho ducks healthier and stronger. Alarm For Poultry House. By arranging a wire to pass from the hen house door to a hell on the veranda of tho house, after the man ner shown In the accompanying illus tration, wnrnlng will he given when A Poultry Homo Alarm. tho door of the poultry house is opened. If anything is wrong In the lien house and the alarm la given, a man can close the door of the hen house while standing on tho veranda by pulling the wire which Is attached to tho bell. During tho day the wire can bo unhooked and thus relievo the bell from duty. If desired, suggests Prnliio Farmer, the bell can bo placed outside in a box, which will make it sound louder. Cost ot Food. According to the New York Agri cultural Experime nt Station, the cost of food per chick, to weigh one pound, on ground grain, is threq cents; on whole grain, three and seven-tenths cents. After making repeated tests in feeding, this station says tho ground grain ration proved consider ably more profitable than tho wholo grain ration for tho growing chicks; and the same was true of capons of equal weight and ago, fed alike be fore caponizing. No difference was noticed In' health or vigor of chicks er capons fed either ration. A Prize Bird. BARRED T. ROCK COCK. Good Morning Feed, lwo parts oats, two parts cracked corn and one part wheat, make a good morning feed to be thrown into litter. Feed what they need to keep them busy till noon about a quart to teu fowls, amoun,t needed varies with different breeds , The beginner finds many stumbling blocks in the artificial me'hods, but experience shows the trick of how to easily step over them. . THE RIGID TRUTH And Confirmation to Any Kidney ferer Who Ask It. Mrs. W. H. Cobb, Nlcbolasvlll, K7., aays: "I will keep strictly to the most rigid truth tm telling ot my exper ience with Doan'a Kidney Pills, anA will be glad to flv corroborative ?! dence to anybody. A catch or stitch In my back was followed with dull, constant backache and pala Throbbing headache ta the hips, took all the 'go out ot me. I lost ap petite and weight and grew weak. The kidney secretions became scan ty and dropsy set In. I suffered to I hardly cared what became of me, but the first box of Doan's Kidney PI1UJ made me better, and I used the rem dy faithfully until all symptoms left me and 1 gained 14 pounds." Sold by all dealers. 50 cents a bo, Foster-Mllburn Co., Buffalo, N. T. A Unique "Dry" Argument. The following offer, printed on blotter and srigned by a dozen grocery firms of Delaware, O., has been scat tered by the thousand: "Any on who drinks three glasses of whisky a day tor one year and pays 10 cents drink for it, can have In exchange at any of the firms whose names appear on this card three barrels of flour, M bushels of potatoes, 200 pounds of granulated sugar, one barrel of crack rs, one pound of pepper, two pound of tea, 60 pounds ot salt,' 20 pounds ot rice, 60 pounds ot butter, 10 pound of cheese, 25 pounds of coffee, 10 pounds of candy, three dozen can el tomatoes, 10 dozen pickles, 10 dotes, oranges, 10 dozen bananas, two dot can of corn, 13 boxes of watches, halt a bushel of beans, 100 cake ot soap and one package of rolled oats for the tame money and get $16.30 premium for making the exchange In the expen ditures." New York Tribune. Do Tour Feet Ache and Burnt Shake into your (hoe Allen's Foot-Ease, a powder for the feet. It makes tight of new (hoe feel easy. Curea Corna, Bunions. Bwollen, Hot, Smarting and Sweating Fan and Ingrowing Nitila. Bold by ad Druggiate and Shoe Mores, 25 eta. Sample Bent Fbeb. Addreaa Allen S. Olmsted, LeRoy, N. Y. Artificial Eyes of Ancient Origin. Artificial eyes were known long be fore spectacles were discovered. They have been found on the faces of Egyp tian mummies, literally on, for the exes were pasted onto the face and not Inserted in the eye socket. The marble onto a piece of flesh colored cloth. The marble was then painted to resemble an eye, and the whole was pasted onto the face over the f cant eye socket. One well may lma In e that the result 'was not untlreir artistic, but tho mummies do not ap pear dissatisfied with the artificial optics. Gold eyeballs came later, and these were In turn followed by glas eyes. The art of making artificial eyes has progressed so greatly that opticians can now supply eyes which tho wearer may move In his head In a manner perfectly natural. There nre two classes of artificial eyes, those kept In stock and those made to order. The former are made largely in Germany and the art Is con fined to a comparatively few families. It Is handed down from father to son. The made-to-order kind are found In tills country as well as In Europe. The patient goes to the shop and sits by while the artisan fashions an optlo which Is an exact match for the natur al eye in size and coloring. He makes it from a small glass tube. When the work is done the patient pays from $25 to $30 for the Job. Similarity. Gunner The latest creation in fem inine gowns is covered with 600 but tons. What would you call such, a dress as that? Guyer Whew! I think I'd call It the "contribution box." Chicago News. AN OLD TTHER Has Had Experiences. A woman who has used Postum since it came upon the market know from experience the wisdom of using Postum In place of coffee if one Tal ues health and a clear brain. She says: "At the time Postum was first pot on the market I was suffering from nervous dyspepsia, and my physician had repeatedly told me not to use tea or coffee. Finally I decided to take his advice and try Postum. I got a package and had it carefully pre pared, finding It delicious to the taste. So I continued Its use and very toon Its beneficial effects convinced me ot Us value, for I got well of my nerv ousness and dyspepsia. "My husband had been drinking coffee all his life until it had affected his nerves terribly, and I persuaded him to shift to Postum. It waa easy to get him to make the change, for the Postum Is so delicious. It cer tainly worked wonders for him. "We soon learned that Postum does not exhilarate or depresar'and does not stimulate, but steadily and honestly strengthens the nerves and the stomach. "To make a long story short, our entire family continued to use Pos tum with satisfying results, as shown in our fine condition of health, and we have noticed a rather unexpected Improvement in brain and nerve pow er." Increased brain and nerve power always follows the use of Postum In place of coffee, sometimes In a very marked manner. "There's a Rea son." - Look In pkgs. for the famous lit tle book. "The Road to WetlTille." Ever read the above letter? A new one appears from time to time. They are gennlnc, true, and fall ol liaman Interest. A V Jf f!
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers