ORCHARD! (mm F.ETRIGG REGISTER. IR0CKrORD,IA. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED tS Copyright, 1909, by American I'resa Asso ciation. This matter must not be ro printed without special permission. THE HOLSTEIN CATTLE. Secretary F. L. Houghton of the Hoi-Steln-Frieshin Association of America has lately put in pamphlet form a very Interesting, hlstortxnl and Informa tional sketch of this most valuable type of dairy cattle, in which are set forth li number ,of the merits of the breed. The Holsteins are supposed to have originated in Holland, where they have been bred for years as dairy cattle. The moist lowlands of Holland produce luxuriant feed and, coupled "with the exceptional care which the "breed has had for generations, have produced a breed of exceptional size, hardiness and productive capacity. Holsteln blood has been used In the "building up of such breeds as the Ayr shire and Shorthorn, while offshoots pi tho breed appear in many other countries. The size of the breed is large, the cows weighing, when prop erly matured, close to 1,400 pounds and giving from 8,000 to 12.000 pounds of milk and from 800 to 550 pounds of butter. Tests which have been made Of the comparative yield of different dairy breeds give the average dally i yield of butter fat for Holsteins at 1.00 poundF, 1.42 for Guernseys and A". Aires and 1.30 pounds for Jerseys. ' In daily milk yield tho Holsteln breed stands at the head with 48.9 pounds, Guernsey 28.9 pounds, Ayr shire 27.7 pounds and 'the' Jersey 24.5 pounds. In yearly milk yield the Hol steln breed occupies the first place, Pletertje II having . yielded 30,318 pounds, Princess of Wayne 29,008 pounds and Clothllde 20,021 pounds. The largest authenticated butter yield of a single cow of any dairy breed was made by the Holsteln cow Co lantha IV.'s Joanna, her record being 098.20 pounds of butter fot during a period of twelve consecutive months, equivalent to 1,173 pounds of butter on an 85 per cent basis. While the quality of Holsteln milk Is not equnl to that of the smaller breeds, the aver ago Is obout 3V per cent butter fat. While the breed does not rank with the Hereford or Angus in a block test, the calves are large at birth, fatten rapidly and make excellent veal, IIol steins combine with Inrge size, vigor ous constitutions, heolthy appetites and a hardiness and vigor which ren der them relatively free from dis ease. Holstein-Frlosian admirers have much to boast of in the achievements of this xiseful breed, which occupies a leading place in the leading dniry sec tions of the country. TOUGH IN PRACTICE. Many orcharding and nurserymen Of experience still recommend the planting of orchard trees about twice as thick as the final stand desired for the reason that In the first few years the trees will be so small that they will be none too thick, while later, when they begin to touch limbs, every other tree may be cut out. This plan may be all right, but It works out bet ter on paper than It does in practice, the average orchard owner not having the heart to lay an as at the root of thrifty trees which are possibly better than those adjoining, but destined to be pared. The other alternative la to set fhe trees as close as one wishes them to stand permanently and. then give them the care which will enable them to withstand the attacks of their many enemies. To ascertain the number of square feet which fruit trees of differ ent kinds should have it Is well to tal bote of the area actually covered by mature trees of the variety to' be planted." In addition to this, room should be allowed between every other row for. the passage of teams In -spraying and harvesting .operations. The trees should be set closer together in tne rows running north and south In order that they may have the protec tion from the midwinter sun. t A FUTURE AS8ET. There is probably no single asset Which will be more valuable to farm owners twenty-five or thirty years 'toence than wood Iota of useful varie ties of trees which have been care fully set out and intelligently cared ;Ior. .To realize in a measure what thsas' Will tu. of tho on M i. - w wo WU VI UW 1 1 1 1 1 V mentioned one has but to multiply by five or ten acres the small wood lots of acore-year-old trees which already surround so many farm homesteads. It can be counted on as quite sure that Just so long as big money Is to be made from a rapid though Inju dicious cutting of the forest aceas of the country and no measures are tak en to prevent such destruction the process is going to be continued until there Is nothing left to cut This means Inevitably that when such time comes, and It la not far away, there will be a high premium on an timber standing and of most any kind, as In those days wood will be wood. True, the .settling out of such a wood lot Is perchance a labor and service for a future generation, but so is much senr. ice that is the most worth while. SW ft . 1 - The use of a silo is expedient on land that It worth $50 an acre and an ab solute necessity on that which Is val ued at $100 an acre. Turning cattle on to pastures too early in the spring is much like over working a young horse, an Injustice being inflicted that is not righted for a considerable length of time. In distributing the homemade fer tilizers this spring keep the orchard In mind unless It is a hopeless case and has already arrived at the calf pasture stage. The orchard that Is growing crops needs refreshing. Just as doe9 the man who does a day's work. Whenever possible .It l-i mi exoelbnt Idea to give b; tlrfrnlts and vcel'iblei K clinnge of cruniiil. this tut only from the ff.-uidpolnt of best hooping up tho soil fort llll y, but nh'o bet awe t;f n less llke'.liiord of ilnmagp from iM-eet i.:-d fundus ports where such rotation li observed. Where one U planning to seed units with clover thorp i.i tjulte an advantage for tlie clover If an early variety :f oats are used, as the crop can be re moved from ten days to two weeks earlier, thus giving the clover thU much additional time In which to &et a start and outdo the weeds. Fortunately for the husbandman this season, clover seed Is plentiful nnd of exceptionally good quality, which will mean less adulteration with foul seeds, because the incentive will be less. Prices are Just about half what they were last year, ranging from $0 to $7.C0, s,nd even at these figures the extra quality Is worth the extra price. In view of the. length of life of the average market hog. usually loss than two years, the question of freeing swine from tuberculosis would seem to follow as a natural course with the eradication of It from the callle which the pigs follow. Little pigs are con sidered free from tubercular taint at birth, and if they are not kept under conditions where Infection is possible they will not contract the dlsense. A reader of these notes Inquires what kind of soil Is the best for growing a crop of "oulons. Uriefly, one may an swer by naylng that It should be rich, and the mellower the belter. From the standpoint of case' in cultivation as well as cleanrivss of the crop at har vest time, a sandy loaui is preferable. Freedom from weed seed Is also n con sideration that will add much to the satisfaction as well as the economy of handling the crop. Luther Burbank of Santa Rosa, Cal., who Is known over the country as the plant wizard, has made arrangements whereby his creations In the floral, fruit and vegetable world are to be cap italized and the same Introduced on n large scale. Mr. Burbank Is the fore most living specialist in his line, and chief among his creations are the well known Burbank potato, several varie ties of stoneless prunes and plums, va rious new fruits, flowers, grasses, grains nnd vegetables. Perhaps the most important of his recent creations Is the spineless cactus, which is a suc culent and nutritions food for stock and bids fair to transform and make habitable many desert sections of the far west. Every well regulated farm where things are done decently and In order should have Its garden. In a good many Instances the garden that Is al ready laid out may be given a little more attention than It usually receives. If the garden stuff Is planted In long rows and far enough apart to permit of cultivation with a double shovel plow the care which it will require will not be much. If there are active boys and girls In the home their aid should be enlisted along the line of a little work with band and hoe. Their desire to have nice fresh fruit and vegetables for the table should furnish all the Incentive that would be needed. A garden properly kept will mean a better as well as a more economical living for the family. . Among a number of remedies which have proved successful for the curing of scours' In calves the following Is recommended by Professor G. C Hum phrey of the University of Wisconsin experiment station. As soon as symp toms appear two to four tablespoon fuls of castor oil are mixed with half tvplnt of milk and given .to the "calf. This Is followed In four to six hours by a teaspoonful of a mixture of one part salol and two parts subnltrate of bismuth, which may be given in half a pint of milk or the powder placed on the tongue and washed down with a small quantity of milk. The salol and subnltrate of bismuth may be se cured of any .druggist and mixed in proper proportions at the time of pur chase, so that it will be ready for use when needed. The big blizzard which raged over the north central states the latter part of January probably wrought greater havoc with windmills of the territory In question than any storm which ever visited It In some counties in the states more than a hundred windmills were bowled over. In one authenticat ed case that was reported the tower of the mill, being well braced, stood firm, but the steel fans in the upper half of the wheel were bent by the force of the wind -at right angles to those in the lower naif. An Interesting general result of the damage done by the storm is that the demand for gasoline engines has been given a great impe tus, many farmers desiring to get some form of power for pumping and other light work which would not be put out of commission by winter or summer storms or be useless when there was no wind blowing. , The formalin treatment for scab In potatoes vill not prove entirely effec tive If the seed is planted In soil which has produved scabby potatoes In Imme diately preceding years, since the treat ment kills the germ life on the seed potatoes only and not that In the soil. While the grasses which are grown under the soinl-arlil conditions to be found In several of the western states are highly nutritious, It seems difficult to credit a test mnde by the Illinois experiment station in which B siecl men of grass sent from Wyoming was found to contain in nutrient properties eight times as much as the same amount of Ullnoft grass. s Tho , Air.; : lean former sometimes prov. l.-s itN nt lit - larres. ! ut lie Is for lii '.M'e lml". il eoiiipu ;il v lili the Ital ian farmer, who, lieslil -s l o:ii lng m heavy burden if taxes In'pnpcd by t lie government, l i ectn' oned to boar miil further exacflons to thtv tmiul Ipalli.v In which he" markets any of his prod uce. The marvel Is that lie Is able to keep body and soul together under such conditions. . Rcfore buying land in sections whore phenomenal yields of vegetables are claimed It Is usually n safe Idea ft.r the prospective purchaser to learn the freight rates to possible markets or, what comes to the same thing, the prices which can be got for produce t o. b. loading station. There is no consolation and mighty little profit In raising any kind of stuff If It will not pay its way to market and leave a fair margin besides. That seeding with a drill is superior to the old method of brondoast seed ing has been given definite proof In ex- perlments which have been conducted by several state experiment stntlons, At the Illinois station eighteen tests showed an average gain In yield of seven bushels per acre as a result of using the drill, while nt the Iowa sta Hon a gain of nine bushels per acre was shown. Another point In favor of the drill is that It results in n saving of seed varying from 15 to 25 per cent. The reliability of a:iy individual or firm which advertises n sure cure fo- all kinds of lumpy Jaw may be sort ously called In question. In a majori ty of cases this loathsome appearance is merely the outward index of a dis easea pnysicai system, in wnicu case the application of caustics or dope ex ternally would be no more effective than a piece of court plaster would for a fever sore or erysipelas. While now and then a lumpy jaw animal will pass Inspection, the majority are eon detuned as food and go to the render lug tank. When pn acre of orchard produces 300 bushels of apples there is removed from the soil as much fertility as would lie required to produce a twenty bushel crop of wheat. While the chief fertilizing elements, phosphorus, nl trogen and oxygen, mny be returned to tho land in tho shape of commercial fertilizers, It Is most economically done by the application of barnyard manure, which should be scattered generously, but not too close to, the trunks of the .trees, as the feeding rootlets He near tho surface and are usually more than four feet away. If the large sum of money that Is an nually squandered In a farcical distri bution of vegetable nnd flower seeds by congressmen were spent Intelligent ly In a more adequate protection of our useful birds, the "dear constituen cy," the folks out In the vineyards, or chards, grain, corn and alfalfa fields of the country, would be benefited Immeasurably more than' they ever can be by a continuation of this asi nine practice. Some congressman has an opportunity to make a shining mark for himself If he can succeed In effect ing the above reform. An extensive Ohio feeder who has fed hundreds of cattle for the market during the past eight years speaks in highest terms of silage as an effective and economical ration In fitting his steers for market. His dally ration on full feed is fifty pounds of silage and five pounds of cottonseed meal, with what hay the cattle want besides. He estimates the yield of an acre of corn which would go fifty bushels to the acre at ten tons when shredded and eight tons of silage when taken from the silo as a cured product. He places the value of the silage, exclusive of the grain it contains, at two-fifths of the whole. Evidence has been abun dant for several years that silage makes an Ideal ration for the dairy cow. It is a growing conviction that it is 'equally good for the steer in the feed lot One farmer we have in mind decided he wanted to name his farmstead and had the name neatly painted on a sign over the driveway to the house, with his name Just below. A short time afterward he was driving toward bis place from a direction In which he did not usually approach It, and It struck him that there was something out of keeping with the signboard be had put up and some old castoff machin ery that In a busy hour had been left in a corner of the wood lot near the garden. He scratched his head , and concluded that an easy solution of the inconsistency was the removal of the rubbish to the back yard. This is a simple illustration of the value of hav ing a high ideal. He feels better, and so do the folks who drive by that road and see his neat premises. EARTHQUAKES OF OLD Strange Ideas of the Ancients as to Their Causes. WARNING SIGNS OF SHOCKS.' Pliny Says They Were Shown In the Air, Clouds and Water and by Ani malsThe Two Mountains That Crashed Together and Then Receded. If we search history to find to what causes, the ancients attributed earth quake we find that the Babylonians believed that all occurrences of the kind were due to the Influence of the stars, especially of the three to whic h they ascribed thunder namely, Sat urn, Jupiter and Mars. The seers of the day believed that these disturb ances were caused by the stars mov ing with the sun or being in conjunc tion with It, more particularly when the stars were in the qtiartlle aspect. I'Uny chronicles the report concern ing one Anaxlmander, a Milesian, who wnrned the Lacedaemonians to be ware of their city and houses. And legend has It that the city was soon afterward destroyed. I'liuy, who wrote his natural history in A. D. 77, conceived that earth quakes were caused by the winds, as "the earth never trembles except when the sea Is quite calm and when the heavens are so tranquil that the birds cannot maintain their flight, all the air which should support them be ing withdrawn. Nor does it ever hap pen, until after great winds, the gust being pent up, as It were, In the fis sures and concealed hollows." Many scientists have obsrftVd .that all great convulsions of nature are likely to be preceded by calms; also that birds 'and nnlmals generally ex hibit certain presentiments of the event, facts which the wise men of ancient .days noted and accounted for In their different ways. . Pliny says: "When an earthquake occurs there Is often sound without auy motion. When there Is motion It Is tremulous nnd vibratory. The clefts of the earth sometimes remain, dis playing what has been .swallowed up, sometimes concealing it, the mouth being closed nnd the soli brought over It. the city being, as It were, engulfed, devoured. Maritime districts are more especially subject to shocks. Nor are mountainous districts exempt. 1 have found the Alps and the Apennines fre quently shnken by them. The shocks happen more frequently In tho autumn and the spring. They also happen more frequently In the night than In tho day. The greatest shocks are In the morning and the evening, but they often take place at daybreak. They also take place during eclipses of the moon, because nt that time storms are lulled. They are most frequent when groat heat succeeds to showers or showers succeed to great heat." Pliny further says: "There Is no doubt that earthquakes are felt by persons on shipboard. There are many signs for the mariner beforehand, how ever. The timbers of tho vessel creak. The birds that settle on the vessel are not without their alarms. Then Is also a sign In the heavens, for when a shock Is near at hand, either In the daytime or a little after sunset, a cloud Is stretched out In the clear sky like a long, thin line. The water In wells Is more turbid than usual, and It emits a disagreeable odor." In describing the various kinds of shocks and expanding on his investi gations on the subject Pliny remarks that "arched buildings are the safest also the angles of walls and walls made of bricks suffer least The earth movement that resembles the rolling of waves Is the most dangerous, or when the motion Is Impelled In one direction. The tremors cease when the vapors have burst forth, but If there be no escape of vapor of any kind then the tremors may continue for forty days They have been known to continue fur two yenrs." . Ti. . i...,,,ri.,n inrda the greatest BUSINESS CKRDS, E. NEFP WSTICE OF THE PEACE, Pension Attorney and Real Estate Agent. RAYMOND E. BROWN, ATTORNEY AT LAW, v Brookville, Pa. (. m. Mcdonald, ATTORNEY-AT-LAW, Real estate agent, patents secured, col lection made promptly. Office in Syndicate building, ReynoldsvUle, Pa. gMITH M. MoCREIGHT, . ATTORNEY-AT-IxAW, Notmrv nubile end real estate affect. Col lections will receive prompt attention. Office In tbe Reynoldsvflle Hardware Oo. building Main street ReynoldsvUle, Pa. DR. B. E. HOOVER, DENTIST, Resident dentist. In the Hoover bulldlns Main street. Gentleness In operating. DR. L. L. MEANS, DENTIST, Office on second floor of theWlmt National bank building, Main street. DR. R- devere king, DENTIST, Office on second floor of the Syndicate bnlld lng, Main street, KeynoldgvlUe, Pa. HENRY PRIESTER UNDERTAKER. Black and white funeralcara. Main street ReynoldiYlUe, Pa. D. H, YOUNG, ARCHITECT Corner Grant and Ftftn mtm. Remolds vlUe,P . ? fcUT like gold T t P .-:! I -'- tained in in style, GUARANTEE Dp ALL WOOL "prodigy of me earrii" iih Having oc curred in the district of Mutina during tbe consulship of Lucius Martins and Sextus Julius, when "two mouutalnn rushed toncther, falling upon each other with a very loud crash and then receding, while In the daytime smoke and vapor issued from them." Pliny says the wonder was fltnessed by "n great crowd of Roman knights and travelers along the Acmlllan way." The same writer says: "The greatest earthquake which occurred In our memory was In the reign of Tiberius, by which twelve cities of Asia were laid prostrate in oue night. During the Tunic war we had accounts of fifty-seven enrthcunkes In one year. Nor Is It an evil merely consisting In tho danger which Is produced by the motion; It Is an equal or greater evil when It Is considered as a prodigy. The city of Rome never experienced a shock that was not the forerunner of some great calamity." Pliny, of course, tnkes a good many of his accounts from Aristotle, but his references to events are confirmed by other writers. Herodotus describes a great disturbance in his day, when "the sea came beyond Memphis, as far as the niouutnlns of Ethiopia, and also from the plains of Arabia. The sea also surrounded Ilium and tbe whole of Teuthranla and covered the plain through ,whlch the Mennder flows." Pliny makes actual mention of one of the Aeolian Islands having "emerged from the sea." It was a matter of common belief among tbe scientists of Pliny's day that Sicily was torn from Italy by such a disturbance. New York World. A Queen's Will. Queen Adelaide, tbe wife of William IV, was a woxian of great piety and exceptional humility, which was shown in tbe directions fpr. her funeral. .. "I die in all humility," she wrote, "knowing well we are all alike before tbe throne of God, and I request, there fore, that my mortal remains be con veyed to the grave without any pomp or ceremony. They are to be moved to St George's chapel, Windsor, where I request to have a quiet funeral "I particularly desire not to be laid out In state, and the funeral to take place by daylight; no procession, the coffin to be carried by Bailors to the chapeL I die in peace and wish to be carried to the tomb, in peace and free from tbe vanities and pomp of this world." London Home Notes, ' j . Ancient Egyptian Stones. .Stones were formed Into the shapes of beetles by tbe, ancient" Egyptians. They regarded the beetle as an ena bles, of immortality, and hence it was the most popular , of all forms of or nament Counterfeit beetles of com mon stones were commonly burled with dead persons, and It was custom ary to engrave Upon them the expres sion of wishes for future repose and happiness, dedications of the sonl to God and various hieroglyphs. One of the latter was a" hawk with a human bead, symbolizing resurrection. An other, the vulture, meant maternity, A goose was the son of a king. The Proper Instlnot. "Blrdset seems to have the proper in stincts for a married man." , . "Ton mean that ha can tell a grace ful lie, has developed a keen sense of cunning and has learned to conceal his real Income from his wife." "Tea, and also to know that she real ly knows Just how he Is deceiving her." New York Herald. Net Sure of It ; ' . 8he They say that there la a fool In every family. Do yon believe that? He Er well, I hardly like to say. I IS rm the only member of my faintly. 7 all wool first in buvirut clothes. Wool-plated clothes - plated jewelry are too . a a cneap tor tne well dressed man. Every garment bearing the CLOTIICRAFT bel is pure, all wool fabric throughout yet sold at $10.00 to $25.00 the only guar anteed, all-wool line in America not sold at high prices. CLOTHES made o( pure, all-wool fabrics hold their shape best and wear longest. In CLOTH CRAFT CLOTHES, for men and young men, the high standard of the all-wool fabric is main every other feature of the garment fit, linings and work manship iig-Stoke Oo. See Us For Real Estate and Sewer Clean We have bargains in Houses, Lots, Stores and Farms. If you want to lmv or sell or trade your property, come in and have a talk with us. We can do you some good. We have some good bar gains in homes that can be bought on easy terms. REYNOLDSVULE CHEMICAL CO. Robt. Z. Parrish, Mgr. s ubacrlbe for The Star If you want the N BUSINESS DIRECTORY BOLGER, v THE TAILOR I will be pleased to have you call and inspect my spring styles. Shop on Fourth Street UN6ENFELTER BROS. Up - to - Date Photographers. Corner of Main and Filth Streets REYNOLDS VTLLE . PEN1TA BOOT And SHOE REPAIRING First-Class Handwork and Reasonable Prices. fl. KoslnskI Mafce'-Maln St, HUGHES & FLEMING. FUNERAL DIRECTORS. Main Street. ReynoldsvUle, Pa. Garment Dyeing and Cleaning f By James Pontefract West Rcynoldsvlfle, PennV. Opposite P. K. B. Freight Depot.
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