Logging in the Northwest. My HAVMON The picturesque lumber regions ot tho North and Southwest which once produced most of the lumber sup ply, are now almost destitute of pine and cedar, the woods which once ,made them famous, and are cutting timber formerly despised, The well known logging scenes of the New England States will live only In pic tures and history, and when the sup ply In the Northern Minnesota, Michi gan and Wisconsin forests Is exhaust ed, there is only the Pacific slope on which to depend on the American side. Across the Great Lakes on the Canadian side lies one of the largest timber reserves in the world. There : Is a great deal of the timber land of Canada which has not been surveyed yet, so, in spite of the tariff imposed, it is not unlikely that we will be able to draw from Canada for many years after our own supply Is ex hausted. In fact, much timber cut on the other side of the line has been shipped to this country. It is said -.-that there Is a timber belt of at least three thousand miles in Canada. Es timating the amonnt of timber still standing in the United States, and J that which we could draw fron our neighbor country, It will be nearly a century before a substitute will be necessary. Of course the Forestry Department Is not idle in the meantime, and act ive steps are being taken to maintain the reserves and plant new trees. When the immensity of the indus try forces itself upon the attention, it Is little wonder that one is interested In the men who do the actual work. . Early in the fall the lumberman sends out his "tote teams," with sup plies to last for the season, from the c?ntres of Northern Michigan, Wis consin and Minnesota, and he gath ers a heteroeeneous lot of men. Anown as "lumber jacks," compris ing men of alaost every nation under tihe sun, who leave civilized life and ' fn VtiinV ftlnca tn "not ura'a anil to labor as did their forefathers in the days before luxuries warped their strength. Their work. In spite of the many labor-saving devices of the day, is that of the primitive man. The dis cipline of tho camp life is rigid. The men are up at 4 o'clock in the morn ing, and work from dawn until dark. At night their lights are out at 9. There are no holidays except Sun- f-' days. No liquor is sold or allowed to be used in the lumber camp. The cook and his assistants are the first out in the morning, and have breakfast ready as soon as the men are up. The menu of the camp Is very different from that of a few years ago. Now coffee, sugar, con densed milk and cream, unknown luxuries to the camp of even twenty years ago, are daily staples. y4, -neir nara outdoor nie strength ens inese men pnysicauy, ana wnen one sees a large crowd of them eat ing their dinner in the open with all the gusto of a schoolboy, while the temperature Is sixty degrees below freezing, one is disposed to envy tucm. The plan of bringing out tho midday meal to the men, instead of having them leave their work and trudge back to camp, is a recent idea and saves much time, besides being very pleasing to the men. The cook, with his "run-about," brings the din ner, "red hot," to the nearest open ing, or clearing space, summons the men with his whistle, and they sit about on logs or on the snow and partake of dinner utterly dlsregard '' ing the weather. It is at the evening meal that you see the men at their best. They re lax and thoroughly enjoy themselves. After supper they retire to the bunk bouse and smoke. One might feel a little "finical" about sleeping in a room after fifty or sixty ill-smelling pipes of all sorts and conditions had been filled with Itobacco, the odor of which baffles de scrlntlon. but this, like patlnf niir nf doors with the thermometer thirty degrees below zero, is an acquired .taste. It is only natural that there should tie all kinds of men in a camp gar rulous, noisy men; sullen, morose and reticent men. Sometimes sick ness or death reveals the fact that a man who In camp is known as John Smith really was given a name quite different when he came into the world, and perhaps sold his birthright for drink, crime or for some other reason. A camp is usually loyal, though, and John Smith he remains to tho end of the chapter if he so de sires. Then there is the born enter tainer, quite a different sort of a fel low, who always has a story and who is always in demand. The lumber jack, like the dog with a bad name, is often a maligned in dividual, not being collectively any better or worse than other men. It is said that nine out of ten lumber jacks are intemperate, and it is cer tain that the drink habit is the pre vailing evil. The very strictness with which the liquor law is enforced dur ing the long lumbering season seems 4r to foster the desire, and In the spring, when released from the camp, the majority of the men never get be yond tho Bowery district of their home town, always conveniently near to their landing place, until every cent of their hard earned money is gone. It is said that the moral status of lumber camps has improved in the past few years, owing to the dlstribu SLn of good literature, missionary efforts, and the Infusion of a number of better class laborers, notably Fin landers, i In 'every camp there Js a "general tore," where everything trent a nee dle to a suit of clothes is kept, and n H'RRini;. an account run with every man. Each camp also has its own blacksmith and harness shops; in other words, each camp is a small settlement, complete within itself. One thing dono quite early In the season is tho construction of an Ice road by means of a largo water cart. And this roadway aids greatly the hauling of logs. The methods of handling and haul ing the giant logs differ In different parts of the country. In the South, an axle with the large wheels and the chain are used, in other places oxen are used, in Minnesota and Michigan horses and sleds are used, and an ice road is made at the beginning of the season by means of a sprinkling cart, and in this way it is comparatively easy to draw a load quite a distance to the rollway. In Oregon and Washington trac tion engines are used to haul the tim ber from the cutting points to the place of shipment. On the great . lakes the lumber boats are among the largest of the modern water craft. It is quite a Bight to see two me dium sized horses drawing an Im mense load of logs with so little ap parent effort, this ease being entirely due to the ice roadway spoken of pre viously. When the trees are felled and sawed intu logs they are skidded Into piles by the side of the ice road. This "skidding" is done by means of a srnnll sled, to one end of which the logs are fastened while the other drags upon the ground. Modern Bkidding is done by means of a skid ding machine. Loading logs is an achievement of itself. It is done by means of horses or by a machine. The banking ground, or rollway, is usu ally beside a river or stream of some kind, down which the logs are floated to a shipping point. With the breaking up of the Ice in the spring these large piles of logs are rolled into the stream, to bo brought to the mills. This is a most interesting and exciting time. The drivers, as they are called, the men who guide these immense lots ot logs, are necessarily men of strength, quickness of perception and nerve, for it is a very perilous occupation, and in which many lives have been lost. The most expert of these men ride upon the swiftly moving logs, jumping from one to another when the case requires it, and bMng a sec ond too late will cost them their lives. When, passing through some nar rows, a log is caught, causing hun dreds of others to pile up, raising the water and forming what Is known as a jam, a driver has the opportunity to show his mettle, for this is the real danger. There are what are called "key logs" in this Jam, that is, logs which, if released, will ease the con gestion, and it is locating, these and releasing them which becomes the driver's duty. Sometimes this is not easily done, and frequently a driver losos his life because he is not suffi ciently agile to escape, once the fallen giants are released. In many portions of the country rafts are used, as for Instance in the South and on the Columbia River, rafts ot from 5,000,000 to 6,000,000 feet of logs are not uncommon. In the early days on the great lakes rafts were brought down to tho barbors ot Lake Erie, where the sawmills were located. For the past number of years, however, the mills have been located at the shipping points, and the lumber is shipped on tho boat3. There are over 300 lumber boats de pending for cargoes on the'lumber of Northern Minnesota, Michigan and Wisconsin, loading at Duluth, Supe rior and other points. Sometimes there is more than n million feet of lumber in one load, and it can be readily estimated what a statement of this kind would mean, when one realizes that there are some dozen or more lumber harbors on the American side ot the great lakes. Chi cago, Cleveland, Duluth, Erie ajid Tonawanda are all large distributing points, and each has received more than 5,000,000 feet of lumber during one shipping season. It would be in teresting to figure the number of car loads this would make, estimating the carrying capacity of a car at 40,000 feet. Scientific American. rerfection to Bo Aimed At. . 'Alas we know very well that ideals can never be completely embodied in practice. Ideals must ever lie a very great way off, and we will right thankfully content ourselves with any not intolerable approximation there to! Let no man, as Schiller says, too querulously "measure by a scale of perfection the meagre products ot reality in this poor world of ours." We will esteem him no wise man; we will esteem hlra a sickly, discon tented, foolish man. And yet, on the other hand, it is never to be forgotten that ideals do exist; that If they ba not approxi mated to at all the whole matter goes to wreck! Infallibly. No brick-, layer builds a wall perfectly perpen dicular; mathematically this is not possible; a certain degree of perpen dicularity suffices him; and he, like a good bricklayer, who must have done with his job, leaves it so. And yet, if he sway too much from the perpendicular, above all, if he throw plummet and level quite away from him, and pile brick on brick heed less, just as it comes to hand, such bricklayer, I think, is in a bad way. He has forgotten himself; but the law ot gravitation doe not forget to act on him; ha and his wall rush down aad btcorae a welter of ruins! Carlyle. Household Matters. Fudge Cake. One cup sugar, two-thirds cup butter, three eggs, one cup milk, two and one-half cups flour, two heaping teaspoonfuls of baking powder; one quarter cup chocolate, one-halt cup of English walnuts, broken up coarsely; cream the butter and sugar together, add the cup ot milk, and stir in llghtl" the flour, Into which the bak ing pc ivder lms been sifted. Stir in the chocolate, which has been dis solved by placing In a cup and set ting In hot water. Add the nuts, and, last, the eggs, which should be beaten whites and yolks, separately. Now York World. Peanut Wafers. For peanut jumbles or wafers grind a cupful of roasted and shelled pea nuts until fine. Cream a rather lib eral fourth of a cup of butter, add half a cupful of sugar, using like wise a liberal measure. Add the pea nuts and a cupful of sifted Jlour. Moisten the mixture with a scant cupful of milk, or enough to make a stiff dough, about like pie crust. Flour a board and rolling pin, then roll out the dough until of waferllka thinness. These jumbles should be so thin after rolling and cutting out. that one can almost see through them. Bake on buttered pans In a brisk oven, taking care that they do not burn. They should bake until a nice brown and Bhould when served be crisp like "snaps." They are dell clous with a cup of fresh "brewed" tea and a slice ot cream cheese. Tomato Figs. Six pounds of tomatoes and three pounds of granulated sugar; select small yellow or red tomatoes; put them in a colander and plunge them Into boiling water for a moment. Remove the skins; do not break the tomatoes; cover the bottom of a porcelain-lined kettle with a portion ot the sugar; put in a layer of tomatoes and the remainder of the Bugar; do not have more than two layers ot to matoes. Place the kettle on a mod erate fire and cook Blowly until the sugar penetrates the centre of the to mato; lift each tomato carefully with a large fork or spoon, spread them on a granite dish and stand them in the sun for a day or two. Take them in at night before the dew and put them out in the morning. While they are drying sprinkle them several times with granulated sugar. When perfectly dry place them be tween layers of waxed paper. If done properly they will keep all win ter and are one ot the daintiest sweet meats. New York World. UMTS FOR, THE Housekeeper Close up all bread and crumbs tight so that mice cannot get into them. Use tin cans and boxes when ever possible. Cut warm bread and cake with a warm knife, which will keep them from crumbling in the disagreeable way hot bread and cakes have. Do not fall to close the piano when sweeping the room. Tho keys be come gritty when left exposed, and the dust gets In the interior of the piano otherwise. Clean the glass on pictures with benzine, alcohol, or naphtha. If water goes through It will leave a daub or stain. The others give a bright, clear polish. One should always wash lemons before using them. What appear U be tiny scales are the eggs of an in sect. A vegetable brush is indispen sable for such purposes. Flowers can be beautifully ar ranged by filling a shallow tin pan with wet earth and sticking the stems in the sand. They will keep as well this way as in the water. Hang all the kitchen utensils as much as possible in the air, and do not put them up damp. They should be set for a moment on the stove to thoroughly dry, even after they have been wiped. Arrange the tray for the sick with the daintiest of china and glassware, and have the linen absolutely clean. Sick people are apt to be querulous and a fickle appetite may often be tempted by dainty dishes. Ants may be got rid ot by cover ing a plate with lard and leaving it overnight where they abound. By morning the plate will be entirely covered, and it is easy to kill the ants by immersing in hot water: Meat should never be put away in the paper in which it was wrapped, as the paper will absorb much ot the juice. Agate or earthen dishes should be used, as tin injures the fla vor of the meat. A teaspoon of household ammonia in warm suds will clean silver thor oughly, and make it very brilliant. If the silver is chased, use a small brush. Rinse in hot water and dry with a linen towel. Ammonia is also excellent for polishing glassware. The most satisfactory way to wash ribbon is to put it in a basin of warm water and rub it well with white soap, then wash as you would any thing else. While wet iron it on the right side, and when dry rub it as if washing it until all the stiffness has left it, then iron out the wrinkles. Washed in this way, it will look Ilka new ribbon. New York Globe. Whether whales and dolphins ever sleep observation so far has been unable to discover. Glass weights for scales are now in general use in Switzerland. New York City has one public ser vant for each seventy inhabitants. Belra, a little town in Africa, is built almost entirely ot galvanized Bheet metal. More than 49,000,000 food animals were slaughtered In the United States during the last calendar year. Wild animals killed 2084 persons In India last year, in addition to 23,854 who died from unake poison. Ion (meaning violet) was one of the early Kings ot Athens; heuce the City of Ion," or "City ot the Violet Crowned." Birds, when perched on trees or bushes, are natural weathercocks, as they invariably turn their heads to the wind. One of the national sports of the mountain canton ot Appenzell, in Switzerland, is the stone-throwing contest, in which rocks ot great size are thrown for a prize. J. B. Robinson, an English author ity on some South African matters, says there's "something like a million millions' worth of gold" still left in the mines of the Rand. The purest breed of Arab horses are the KochlanI, whose genealogy has been preserved for 2000 years. They are said to be derived from King Solomon's stables. It" appears that, excluding war ships, there were 450 vessels, of 1, 080,087 tons gross, under construc tion In the United Kingdom at the close of the quarter ended September 30, 1907. M. Bovet, the director of the post office at Lausanne, has addressed a circular to the postal employes In the town warning them that in future toothache will not be considered an excuse for absence from work. They must either get the tooth out or get out themselves. One of the inmates of Towcester Workhouse, a woman aged eighty four years, has applied to the board of guardians for an allowance of to bacco. She said she had smoked seventy-one years and missed her pipe so much since entering the house she could not digest her food. The board decided to comply with her request. With only a home-made telescope, J. E. Melllsh, of Cottage Grove, Wis., a farmer's boy, scarcely out of hii teens and having only a country Bchool education, has discovered two comets and attracted the notice ot the astronomical world. Prominent scientists have become interested in him, and opportunity has been made whereby he can pursue more effec tively the study ot his favorite sci ence. Hotel Life. For ourselves, we can Imagine no worse punishment for persons who value privacy and intimacy and home liness, and the peculiar arrangement, or even disarrangement, of their own belongingB, than to be condemned to pass the term of their natural Uvea in a great hotel. The marble halls, which once seemed grand, would be come a nightmare of grandiosity. The loneliness ot a man among the un ceasing multitude ot strangers would become Intolerable. The graces ot the cookery as they once seemed- would become familiar tricks and a hollow imposture. Life would be come a circus without tinsel, a stage without limelight, gingerbread with out gilt. We have known an old man who bad lived for many years in the same hotel, and he had all the fads and crotchets and selfishness of the worst old fogy in a club. Indeed, he had many more, and worse, for a clubman is restrained by the opinion, it not by the protests, of hi fellows; but an old resident in a hotel can hardly be moved from insisting on more than his rights by the combined criticism of all the strangers whose opinion is nothing to him. London Spectator. A Sacred Ram's Sad Lot. That the lot of those animals which were treated as gods in ancient Egypt was not altogether blissful was amply proved by an autopsy performed in Paris on the mummy of a sacred ram recently discovered in the Island of Elephantine. It was found that the backbone of the poor beast was almost completely solidified. This and other indica tions, such as the condition of its hoofs, tends to show that the ram was deprived of all movement throughout many years. The discovery throws instructive light on the conditions to which Bgyptlan piety condemned the living objects of popular veneration. The business of being a god was evident ly anything but gay. Promoted to this high dignity and in consequence Closely imprisoned for life in the twi light of a sanctuary, the ram prob ably discovered, even In those dark ages, that glory was not worth while. Hew York Times. One huwlrad and fifty tremea are imijnil some of the great Amerl hn filers. LONDON'8 "PLACES OF REST." They are of Incalculable Value to the City's.. Working Men and Women. Several years ago certain wise philanthropists in London recognized the hoed of some places of shelter and rest for early morning workers from the suburbs and outlying districts skirting the great 'city. These city workers often "Were compelled to vfralt an hour or two, exposed to the ele ments arid the city's dangers, before the workshops and business houses In which they were employed were opened. To meet these needs several places which have been described as "places of rest" were opened. Two of these are situated in the very centre of London. One is the Church of All Hallows, London Wall. It is open dally from 6.30 to 9 a. m. to all, irre spective of creed. It Is close to the Liverpool street station. The church is lighted and warmed In winter, sewing is permitted for the girls and women, books are provided for all, and a short service 1b held at S a. m. A voluntary organist is present every morning, and hymns are sung at Intervals. The average dally at tendance In this church every week day morning is nearly three hundred men, women and girls. The church of St. Katharine Cole man, in Fenchurch street, one min ute's walk from Fenchurch street sta tion, is open every weekday morning from 7.30 o'clock, especially for the benefit of women and girls who come to the city by workmen's trains and have to wait until their places of work are open. This church, too, Is well lighted and warmed, and books and magazines are provided. At 8 o'clock a short, bright service Is held, lasting about twenty minutes. There is not the least doubt that these ser vices exercise a beneficial and lasting influence upon the minds of the lis teners. As might be expected, they Btep out from these cosy ad welcome giving churches better able to with stand the temptations and pitfalls which always beset the paths of the young and inexperienced in a great city. New York, like London, la rich with missions and charitable institutions. But it is at night that the hundreds of missions, churches and societies do the most good. It is then that they throw wide open their doors to admit those whom fortune has frowned upon and who are anxious even at the last hour for some ray of goodness to brighten their lives. New York Tri bune. QUAINT AND CURIOUS. With a population of 41,000,000, only 441 Japanese have fortunes of $50,000 or over. New York city expenses for 1908 will be 34,G00 a day more than they were this year. Britain owns 7900 of 14,000 large Bteamcrs belonging to the twelve lead ing nations of the world. New York city surface cars carry as many passengers each day as there are persons living within the borders of California. London is twelve miles broad one way and seventeen the other. Every year sees about twenty miles of new streets added to it. Greenland glaciers average one thousand feet In thicKness, move fifty feet a day, and discharge Into the sea four square miles of Ice yearly one thousand feet thick. The old headgear which Geronimo, the Indian chirr, wore In his last bat tle with General Mllea has been bought by Robert W. Wells of Washington, and will be given to the Smithsonian Institution. New York Is the richest state in the Union. Its total assessed valuation for the fiscal year 1906 being $8,015, 090,722. Pennsylvania comes next, with Massachusetts close after It. Pennsylvania $4,405,378,339, and Mas sachusetts $4,222,281,054. One of the most durable woods Is syoamore. , A Btatue made from it, now In the museum of GIzeh, at Cairo, 1b known 'to be nearly six thousand years old. Notwithstanding this great age, it is asserted that the wood it self is entirely sound and natural In appearance. Why sleeping cars should, as a rule, hae always unpronounceable names Is one of the mysteries that the trav elling public has never solved. In the Grand Central Station at one time last week there were four cars with these names: "Aurelian," "Eglantine," "Ed elweiss" and "Annarello." The discoverer of the Conneticut was the Dutch navigator Adrian Block, whose name survives tn Block Island. In 1C14 Block discovered the river and sailed up its course some sixty miles, very nearly to the present north ern boundary of the Btate. The word "Connecticut" is of Indian origin meaning the "Long Tidal River." Real Cause of Colds. The fact that colds are more com mon in winter than In summer is not due simply to the lower temperature. It is mainly because people spend less of their time In the open air. Dreading the chilly air tbey remain Indoors, the health is proportionately low ered, and they take cold easily Cas will's Saturday Journal. I BUSINESS CARDS. JUSTICE OP THE PEACE, Pension Attorney and Real:Estata A cent RAYMOND E. BROWN, ' ATTORNEY AT LAW, BltOOKVILLK, Pa. m. Mcdonald, ATTORNEY-AT-LAW, ' ? Real estate aftent, patent secured, col lections made promptly. Olttce lo tiynulcat building, Keynoldsvllle, Pa, SMITH M. McCRElGHT, , . ATTORNEY-AT-LAW, ; Notary public and real estate agent. Col lections will receive prompt attention. Offtae In the Keynoldsvllle Hardware Co. building, Ualn street Iteynoldsvllle, Pa. ; QR. B. E. HOOVER, , DENTIST, Resident dentist In the Hoover building Main street. Gentleness In operating. L. L. MEANS, DENTIST, 1 Office on second floor of tba First National bank building, Main street. TJR. R- DEVEUE KING, DENTIST, Office on second floor of the Syndicate bulla) Ing, Main street, Keynoldsvllle, Pa. HENRY PRIESTER UNDERTAKER. Black and white funeral cars. Main street, Reynoldsvllle, Pa. HUGHES A FLEMING. UNDERTAKING AND PICTURE FRAMING, The U. 8. Burial Leatrue has been testes' and found all Hunt. Cheapest form of In surance. Secure a contract. Near Publls Fountain, KeynoldsTllle Pa. D. H. YOUNG, ARCHITECT Corner Grant and Flftn sts., Reynolds vllle, Pa. SPORTING BREVITIES. Jack Martin, the well know Jockey, has retired from the turf. Columbia defeated Princeton In basketball by a score of 29 to 15. Cornelius Vanderbllt won re-elected commodore of the New York Yacht Club. Dr. E. F Qleason, of the Boston A. A., won the American amateur trap Bhooting championship. The Automobile Club of America has offered a trophy for nn Interna tional competition In Florida. George Davis, the star shortstop of the White Sox. thinks that Billy Sullivan, the catcher of his team, is the best backstop in America. Sir Thomas Llpton has offered to the Brooklyn Yacht Club a cup valued at S1000 for an ocean race to Ber muda or elsewhere next season. Angus Pointer, 2.0194, regarded by horsemen as the best pacer In the country, died at Lebanon, N. H.. the property of Senator George E. Whit ney. Columbia students declare they will have a team next, fall which is to be composed entirely of Columbia men. and will be a Columbia team in everything but name. Willie Shaw, who rode In Germany In 1907 with much success. Is spend ing the winter In this country. He says he will not return to Europe next season, but will ride here as a free lance. The annual Inter-'VarsIty Rugby football match was played at Queen's Club, London. Oxford beat Cam bridge, 17 to 0. The Cambridge eleven was on the defensive through out, the game. Fred Tenney says the best slider head first tho game ever had was Gammons, who played baseball and football at Brown. Another Brown baseball and football product, Dave Fu'.ts, knew more about sliding than anybody sow in ih gZ.Z. I , . . HALLS OF COXGRESS. Mr. Frye was made president ot the Senate pro tempore. Congress Is expected to take up the ship subsidy question again. Secretary Cortelyou was asked by the Senate to furnlBh figures bearing on the recent financial stringency. Senator Aldrlch gave assurance that a currency bill would be intro duced soon after the holiday recess. Senator Tillman In a speech in the Senate attacked the Administration's efforts to aid the financial stringency. The House passed a bill making an appropriation of $50,000 for the purchase of additional seeds for free distribution. Mr. Tillman introduced resolutions calling for information as to corpora tions engaged in Interstate commerce and the liquor traffic. Indications point to the probability ot a reconciliation between John Sharp Williams and De Armond, who engaged in the impromptu fisticuff. The ' special ' commission appointed to investigate the postal facilities in New York City reported to the Sen ate in favor of a new postoffice build ing. Representative Frank Clark, of Florida, "Introduced a bill providing for the sale of the Philippine Islands to Japan or some other foreign Power. Senator Bailey Is seriously consid ering the advisability of resigning his seat in the Senate and submitting his case to another primary contest next summer. A committee presented a memorial to Vice-President Fairbauks and Speaker Cannon asking an appropria tion of $20,000,000 a year for water way improvement. The Committee on Rules was di rected to report what action should be taken to correct the practice of direct communication with the Sen ate by department heads. A comparatively young man whose mustache remained Jet black while tho hu!r on his head turned white explained tho phenomenon, declares the New York Press, by saying t: was because his lips enjoyed all the good things of lite and his head had to suffer all tho troubles.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers