v. American Aristocracy. Here If a matron can trace her de cent to a signer of a Declaration of Independence, a little over a century go, or again to some person who ' came over In the good ship May flower and that person, being a Puritan, must necessarily have been of the lower middle class she takes ra.'t as an aristocrat. "Him," in itVgue. Pension For Mothers. The pensioning of mothers by the State is advocated by a University of Chicago lecturer. The professor thinks the pension should Increase in . amount up to the third child, and then decrease until the advent of the Sixth, when It should cease. This seems to be a sort of compromise be tween anti-race suicide and Social ism. New York Press. Domestic Happiness. The foundation of all domestic happiness is laid on a clean hearth. There can be neither health, pros perity, nor peace in an ill-kept home. Some pebple's idea of a poor house keeper is a woman who runs the house on business principles. We know that no man can make a suc cess of his business without paying strict attention to detail and system; also, systematic housekeeping has a telling effect upon one's success as a housekeeper. It is all accomplished by being well versed in all parts of household work and doing it by a systematic plan. System means plan ning. Try formulating a plan for the day while dressing in the morning, making the allowance for any dis arrangement of your plan, which is almost sure to occur every day.1- Plan and arrange the work of each mem ber of the family so that all may work together for the good of the Whole. In order to meet the pressure of modern life, a home-maker needs ex act knowledge and scientific training. The modern American girl has re ceived a man's education, and in the majority of cases has no knowledge whatever about home-making. Sad experience teaches many lessons, but much money and untold nerve energy Is wasted in the progress. American mothers, more than any others, err In not teaching their daughters the proper care of a household, and every year sees hundreds of girls marry With no more Idea of how to cook or keep house than they have of the North Pole. Mrs. W. W. Simon, in Farm Stock Journal. Favors Dancing, Not Athletics. ' Although it has been predicted that after-dinner wrestling bouts might become a fad, and ere long hosts would be knocked down and guests Injured in the friendly contests, prob ably it won't -come to pass after all. Word comes from London that the gentler art of dancing will be more in favor this winter than for several sea sons. Tn fact, Miss Vincent, the prln ' elpal of the Court School of Dancing and Deportment, now comes forward and says the present day girl who in 1 dulges in rough sport and athletics should pay more attention to beauty and figure culture, and that the move ments in graceful dances have more encouraging results in the cultivation X of the figure than any other kind of physical -exercise. "Too much time Is spent on face massage and the coif fure, to the neglect of the figure, and particularly of the feet," (she says. We notice many women well dressed and well shod with no idea how to move their feet properly. Statues of Roman tculptors do not show the distorted Joints, curled-over toes and thickened ankles which we see to-r-mti.l. 'All those faults can be cured I by a careful manipulation of the body i und feet, and no overexerclse can in- sare tne lounaation of a good car triage better than the careful study of dancing. - I contend that in the early stages of training it Is most beneficial to coax and humor the muscles by the elegant movements of ' the old French minuets and Spanish dances and to proceed gradually to more forcible exercises to gain grength." New York Press. , , Mistakes in Entertaining. A series of letters now running In Good Housekeeping goes to show that It does not matter how much one en tertains, unless one does it in the con ventional way.- One woman writes that several years ago she entertained a hundred friends in a series of in formal afternoon teas. She took them in. congenial groups of ten or a dozen, and every one seemed to enjoy them. Many remarks were also made on the good sense of these simple informals and the pleasure they gave, in con trast to crowded receptions. But the hospitality was not returned. A few of the guests asked the hostess to j similar Informal functions, but those giving more formal ones left her out. It appears that people want the same kind of entertaining that they give. .'Another woman asked her friends, one or two at a time, to luncheon, to dinner, to Sunday night tea, for cards In the evening, to concerts, to the1 theatre, with a little supper after- ward, and her pleasure in her hospi tality for a time blinded her to the f.ct that she1 was rarely asked to any "ftal parties" and never to share such hospitality as her own. She no ticed the neglect first when she found the pretty gowns she expected to wear in, -returning her own civilities grow ing passe In disuse. Even then she did not perceive the reason, and it was only when a friend remarked, "What a pity you don't like to enter tain! You could do it so well," that she woke up. After that she decided not to offer people the substance of hospitality when they felt defrauded at not having the shadow. New York Tribune. A Common Adventure. When the boy went-through the car with papers, Elva Merrill bought one and glanced carelessly through its pages. Presently her eye fell on a paragraph which she. rend through twice, with the color rising in her face. Only strangers were near, but she looked about nt them nervously, and then, folding the paper, sat star ing uncomfortably out of the win dow. She was remembering this incident In her own experience: Four girls, coming out of a mati nee performance, stopped on the sidewalk. "Come on!" one of them exclaimed. "Lots of girls do. Why, in New York Dorothy Grant went to the stage entrance to thank Maude Adams for her acting, and got an Invitation to call at the hotel and an autographed picture. Think of that! No, we won't speak to him, of course, but he'll know we're the same girls that sat down In front and applauded so. Wasn't he magnificent, and didn't he look straight at us when he sang that encore, Elva? Oh, I'm always going to get a front seat after this. It's lots more fun. Come on, girls, do! It's Just a step up in this alley." The stage people were already coming out as the girls ranged them selves in the front row of curious onlookers outside the door, and soon the watched-for hero appeared, so close that they might reach out and touch his arm. Instead of doing so, they clutched each other with the excited whisper, "There he is!' And although he did not hear, the grizzled man to whom he was talking gave him a nudge, and nodded with a grin toward the row of rapturous young faces. For one instant the girls were thrilled by a glance from the hero himself; then, with a sickening drop, they heard him mutter, "Poor little fools!" as he stalked on with his companion. It was medicine bitter, but good for their malady. That was the memory In Elva's mind, and the editorial comment that had grated so unpleasantly upon it was as follows: "We are all familiar with the bald headed dudes who line up at the side doors of theatres to ogle the chorus girls as they come out. A more pitiable and equally disgusting spectacle is that of silly matinee girls waiting at stage entrances for a pos sible glance or word from some cheap actor whom they, in their ro mantic little minds, have lionized. Unfortunately, this sort of adven ture is extremely common in both senses and it is a notable fact that these girls are by no means exclu sively from the untaught, homeless classes." From the Youth's Com panion. or3 NEWEST FASHIONS The lace yoke gives a smart touch. The handkerchief blouse still holds good. Two shades of brown make a rich gown. Some of these rows of buttons ap pear actually to button. . In many smart examples tiry but tons are formed into solid lines. Self color laces ornament many of the most elegant of the autumn cos tumes. The range of colors comprises all the rich, warm tones the dyer's art can create. The belt line has dropped down In to its natural lines in front and raised the tiniest bit in the back. Panels for the skirt and yoke for the bodice of baby lace constitute a simple and beautiful trimming. A pointed toe-cap in preference to a plain vamp will give the appearance of length to a short, stubby foot. One sees a great deal of colored embroidery on plain net and tulle, both in white and the dyed laces. Some of the new brooches are brightened with touches of gold and silver thread, picking out the pat tern. Skirts are rather full and very lit tle trimmed, except in flat embroid ery or lace insets with bands of the material. ' Strong blues, wine-reds, pansy tones, castor, olive, the dark greens, grays and the bronze browns may be said to predominate. The somewhat flaring shade of fla mingo red is not by any means uni versally becoming, and needs careful study before being decided upon. The dally consumption of Dens Is 3.FOQ.000. vsn HOW TROLLEY LINES LOSE MILLIONS-IN FARES. Dishonesty of Conductors and Failure to Collect Blamed For Ten Per Cent. Loss. From the New The Directors of the Interborough Metropolltan Company have come to recognize that the loss of fares due to dishonesty of conductors and their failure to collect Is the most impor tant factor with which they have to deal in reorganizing the surface rail ways of Manhattan and the Bronx. This realization has come to them as a result of Investigations that have been going on for months of the extent of the pilfering among the men, and It is one of the reasons why the traction managers look with par ticular Interest to the coming trials of the Montreal, or pay-as-you-enter car, on the Madison avenue line, for this car is supposed to make dishon esty on the part of conductors as near an Impossibility as anything can be when a mere mechanical device is pitted against human Ingenuity. Several months ago there was a case In the divorce conrtB here which opened the eyes of a good many of the Interborough-Metropolltan direc tors who had not previously looked Into this phase of the, situation. The wife of a New York City Railway renductor was suing for alimony, and in her hill alleged that, although her husband's salary from the company was hut $18 a week, he ought to pay alimony on a $50 a week basis, as he "knocked down" $35 a week on the side. There was a disposition to believe at first that this was an exag geration, but subsequent results have contradicted such a conclusion. Loss More Thnn Ten Tor Cent. The official estimate Is that the New York City Railway Company, under the conditions that prevail at present, loses more than ten per cent, of itc gross income by reason of the loss of fares through dishonesty and failures to collect. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 1906 the latest for which figures have been Issued in detail the gross earnings of the New York City Railway were $21, 937,943, Its operating expenses $12, 624,782, and Its deficit, after paying charges including the rental of seven per cent, on the stock of the Metro politan Street Railway, was $2,212, 997, It has been testified tn the Inves tigation of traffic conditions by the Public Service Commission that the deficit was over $3,000,000 in the fiscal year ended June 30. 1907, after the company -had paid Its rental of $3,629,000. Inasmuch as the loss in surplus all charges having been paid out of the fares actually re ceived by the road the ten per cent, of gross receipts which the New York City Railway did not get contributed upward of $2,000,000 of the aggre gate deficit. In other words, had it been received the New York City Railway would have earned upward of four per cent, on the stock of the Metropolitan Street Railway Com pany on the basis of the official esti mate. Applied to the financial condition of the holding company, the Interborough-Metropolltan, this lost $2, 000,000 or more of money would have produced an even more interest ing result. The Interborough-Metropolltan, according to its report for the fiscal year ended March 31 last, showed a deficit of $1,347,489 after payment of the dividend of five per cent, on its preferred stock. Had the company enjoyed the full receipts of the surface lines it could have paid its preferred dividend and have had upward of $600,000 surplus in addition not a very large amount, to be sure, on $100,000,000 of com mon stock, but still something better than a deficit of a million and a third after paying the-dividend on the preferred. "Discharged For Dishonesty." What part of these enormous losses is due to' failure to collect fares and what part to the dishonesty of employes is entirely a matter of estimate and was admitted to be such by officials of the Interborough-Met- ropolitan Company, who discussed the subject yesterday. A compilation of figures showing the number of con ductors discharged by the New York City Railway during the last three years and a half throws a good deal of light on the subject, however, and LACONICS OF NOTED MEN. Origin of the Word and Many Illus trations. Laconians, whose chief was Sparta, were famous in ancient Greece, not only for their success in war, but for their scorn of luxuries and their brev ity of speech. When King Philip of Macedonia, father of Alexander the Great, threatened them, saying: "If I enter Laconla I will level your city to the dust," they sent back the reply: "If." Their short answers give to the English language the word "la conic." There were not a few famous la conlclsms of later times. Talley rand, when told on one occasion that a certain notorious personage, sick and in great pain, was suffering the torments of the lost, made the wicked reply,, "Already." John Wesley once met a blustering fellow in a narrow path, who con fronted him, saying: "I never make way for a fool." "I always do," re turned Wesley, quietly stepping aside. Dean Hole, being in a railway car riage with a man who bored him with many stupid questions, was finally asked by him; "What comes after York Times. Indicates an enormous Increase of theft In the present year, In which the affairs of the company have been prominently In the public eye. There are 3050. conductors em ployed on the New York City Rail way lines. In 1904 1457 conductors resigned and 3491 were discharged. 3436 of the latter b"Ins less than a year In the service. In 1905 1332 re signed and 3019 were discharged, of whom 2SC4 hnd been !e thpn a vir in the service. In 1906 1634 re signed and 4976 wre diarsert, nf whom 4776 had been less than a year In the service. In the first six months of 1907 922 resigned and 3265 were discharged, of whom 3144 had been less than a year in the ser vice. That Is at the rate of 1844 resig nations and 6530 discharges of con ductors for the year 1907, a total of 8374, or nearly three times the en tire force of conductors employed on the surface lines in one year. The tremendous extent to which these discharges have been for stealing Is Indicated by these figures: s Jisphnrjed Total for Year. Dispp es. Dishonor, load sani 3017 IflfW a.01 2.440 ISHW 4.970 SW 1907 (six mnnthi) 4?S ?702 1907 (estimated year).. 6.530 5,584 In the present rear, therefore, if the average for the first bIx months is carried out, the entire force of conductors on the surface lines will be discharged virtually twice over for dishonesty alone. These ratios have enabled some of the Inter-Met. di rectors to appreciate with a warmer Interest than ever before the humor of the divorce case in which alimony on a $50 a week basis was asked from an $18 a week man because he was a conductor on the New York City Railway. Dividing the Craft. Various statements of what this system of graft was worth to Indi vidual men have been made up, bnt only as estimates. One man high up in Inter-Met councils said that a for mer valet, who was put In on the road as a motorman found that his share of the daily graft was from $2 to $3 under normal conditions. It is explained In this connection that It Is wise for a conductor to have a motorman in his confidence, Inasmuch as the latter Is In a posi tion to "drag" the car that is, make it get behind on Its schedule suffi ciently to fill up very full of passen gers. Knocking down fares is a much easier matter In a crowded car than It is in a relatively empty one where passengers can see the cash register. When the Iobs of fares has been reduced to terms of a percentage of the gross income of the road, and runs in the estimates as high as in the present case, It becomes an im portant factor in the schemes of re organization. Leading Interests In the board of the Inter-Met. make no bones of admitting this to be the fact and are therefore moved to place the more importance upon the Intro duction of the pay-as-you-enter car, under the new traffic regulations proposed by the company and recom mended in the main by the police ex perts whom the Public Service Com mission has been examining. The new car, according to the plans, will be operated on the basis of a seat for every passenger, so that both the company and the traveling public will enjoy whatever benefits may fol low Its introduction. There Is another thing that com plicates the situation, according to information from inside the traction merger. That is the very large ln crease of transfers used, properly and Improperly, which has steadily reduced the return to the company per passenger carried until in recent times it has run as low as 3.25 cents per five cent fare. With this Is com bined an Increasing competition with the Subway, which brings in its own results to the Interborough-Metropolltan Company, but does not sim plify the management of the New York Railway as an independent proposition supposed to take care of its own affairs in the system. itchin'T" "Scratchin'," replied the dean, wearily. Douglas Jerrold, meeting a bore in the street, found himself promptly buttonholed by the latter. "What's going on?" asked the bore. "I am," said Jerrold, and did so. To an opponent in argument who denied the existence of purgatory a Catholic cleric replied: "You might go farther and fare worse." Chi cago News. Prompt. "There is no foolishness about re ligion In' Southwestern Missouri," said a St. Louis man. "I had occa' slon, recently, to visit a town in that section, and, while waiting the pleas ure of the president of the bank I had business with, caught sight of the following notice posted on the door of a church across the way: " 'There will be preaching here next Sunday, Providence permitting; and there ' will be preaching here whether or no on the Sunday follow ing upon the subject, He that be lieveth and is baptized shall be sared, and he that belleveth not shall be damned at 11.30 a. m.' " Harper's Monthly. f Matters. Lessen tho Darning. The weekly darning day may be done away with entirely If one will follow this plan. After buying hose, match them at once in crochet cot ton and then weave toes and heels juBt as you would if a hole was there. Do not be sparing of your thread, and If the darn is made to cover all the weak places you will find In time that darn has outworn the hose. New York World. Plnlng-Ttooi" Table Marks. I find the ino"t practical wny to prevent r"-- -- from marking your ("ilnc-ronm taMe N tn n"t n niece of table niv-t..t the size of your table, either roir.nl or square, put under your m. -rA then put your cloth on. An'l -'-ere a hot dish Is placed on thp table yon are sure there will be no mnrlr'. If at times you have to enlarge your table have the oilcloth split through the centre, and that way It can be slipped to the ends and afford protection where most needed. New York World. Care of Piano Keys. To keep piano keys clean and pre vent the discoloration of the Ivory dampen a piece of muslln -wlth alco hol and with it rub the keys. The al cohol can do no damage, and If fre quently applied the keys will stand In want of no other treatment, but if they already have begun to turn yel low rub them with cotton flannel wet with cologne water. Cotton flannel cloth, wet with a saturated solution of oxalic acid and water and laid up on the keys, will remove all stains. Care should be taken In the use of such a bleacher as this that It does not touch anything from which the color Is not to be removed. New York World. When Cauliflower is Delicious. Cauliflower Is a delicious vegetable when properly cooked and vile when Improperly cooked, which generally means when overcooked. Remove all the large green leaves and the greater part of the stalk. Put the head down In a pan of cold water which con tains to each quart a teaspoonful of salt and a teaspoonful of vinegar. Let It soak In this water an hour or more. This is to draw out worms, if any should be hidden in the vege table. When ready to cook the cauli flower put It Into a large stewpan, stem end down, and cover generously with boiling water. Add a table spoonful of salt and cook with the cover of the saucepan partially off, boiling gently all the time. A large compact head will require a full half hour, small heads from twenty to twenty-five minutes. If the flowers are loose, the heat penetrates to all parts quickly. When compact, a little extra time should be allowed for the cooking, but the time must never exceed the half hour. The cauliflower begins to deteriorate the moment it Is overcooked. Overcook Ing, which is very common, can be told by the strong flavor and dark color. It makes the vegetable not only unpleasant to the eye and palate, but indigestible also. If this vege table must be kept warm for any length of time, cover the dish with a piece of cheese cloth. In hotels and restaurants it is better to blanch It, chill with cold water, and then heat in salted boiling water when needed. The Country Gentleman. Constance Candy Three . cups white sugar, one-half cup water, one half cup vinegar, one-half tablespoon ful butter, one tablespoonful vanilla. Just before done dissolve a pinch of soda in a little water. Stir in. Do not stir while boiling. Boll from twenty to thirty minutes. Ripe Tomato Pickle Buy half bushel best quality large, round to matoes; wipe thoroughly; place In a large stone crock; sprinkle a little salt on each layer. In the centre of tomatoes place a bag containing one quarter pound each of allspice and cloves (whole). Cover tomatoes with two-gallons of vinegar. Tie over top a strong piece of cotton cloth. Green Corn Salad Eighteen ears corn, three green peppers, four large onions, one large cabbage, two tea spoons mustard, two quarts vinegar, one-half cup salt, one and three-quarter pounds sugar. Chop onions, cab bage, peppers; mix onions, cabbage, peppers, sugar, mustard and salt to gether; add vinegar and bring to a boil; add shaven corn and cook until tender. - Fruit Cake Four eggs, beaten separately; one cup sugar, two cups molasses, one-half cup sweet milk, one and one-halt cups butter, one pound each figs, dates, raisins, cur rants and nuts; one-balf pound each candled orange und lemon peel; one half pound citron; one teaspoonful each of cinnamon, spice, cloves and nutmeg; one teaspoonful baking soda, sifted with five cups of flour. Chop and flour well separately all fruit, mixing a little at a time in the batter. Put In a well-grea3ed pan and bake In a slow oven two and one-balf hours. Household During the Inst century war caused the death of over 30,000,000 civilized men. In a count of its wealth of trees Paris finds that in the city and sub urbs there are eighty-seven thousand. or one tree for every thirty-two In habitants. s Statistics show that there Is a les sening of all diseases in New York City excepting heart and kidney troubles, cancer and acute respira tory diseases. A Methodist church In Winona, Minn., has a chime of bells de scribed as "an exact duplication" of the Grace Church, Broadway, New York City, chime except that there's one more bell in it. The second of Its kind in the coun try is the picturesque temple of wor ship which 7000 Greeks at Lowell, Mass., have built, it being a $100, 000 structure, with a brilliant golden dome and two golden turrets. Frank Seyk, Sr., celebrated his 104th birthday at Kewaunee, Wis., by playing a clarionet solo and sing ing a song to demonstrate that, not withstanding his advanced years, his ears had not lost their sense of har mony. A herd of Burmese sacred cattle which Tom O'Connor, a stockman, of Goliad, Texas, imported from India about two years ago, has done so well that the variety will soon be found upon many of the ranches of South west Texas. The greatest ride on horseback ever done up to his time was done by Cowper Thornhlll, Huntingdon shire, England, April 29, 1745, who rode 213 miles in twelve hours and seventeen minutes to win a wager of 600 guineas. "Petrel" and "petrol" both descend from "petra," a rock. "Petrol" comes directly enough, through "pe troleum," rock oil, but "petrel" through St. Peter, after whom the bird was named, because it appeared to walk upon the waves. Mr. Singer, of sewing machine fame, paid $60,000 for a pair of opera glasses. The lenses are, of course, the best obtainable, but it was the fact that the "glasses" were of solid gold, surrounded by a lyre incrusted with diamonds and sapphires, that accounted for the price. A thermometer can be bought for a quarter, but there is one used at ' the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore known as Professor Bow land's thermometer, which Is valued at $10,000. The graduations on the glass are so fine that it requires a microscope to read them. A Little Sermon For To-day By GENERAL WILLIAM BOOTH, the Venerable Head of the Sal- . vatlon Army. The average crusade against vice is wrongly directed. It does not go high enough. The boy who places bis quarter or his dollar on the horse at the races does so for the excite ment that his work and life deny him. The woman who buys herself alcohol does so to drown the sorrows that society has made possible for her, and the girl who buys and sells the sanctities of love is only doing what is applauded in the divorce courts, where the rich seek annul ment of the marriage vows. Let ns go higher up and crusade against those whose selfishness and rapacity not only refuse to prevent the crime by the substitution of bet ter conditions, but actually make it worse through examples that influ ence the more ignorant and less capa ble to debauch themselves in the crimes that are discussed as the real dangers of a city. Besides the rapa city of the rich and powerful these fleshly sins of the submerged are al most infinitesimal. Honey in Short Supply. Some industrious statistician has estimated that the ordinary bee-hive contains about 40,000 bees. When these bees are not on a strike and make full time from sunrise to sun set and work with a hearty good will, they secure about 100 pounds of honey per season, and in order to do this they must take the honey from some 300,000,000 clover blossoms, as it requires the honey from 3,000,000 of clover blossoms for each pound of honey stored In the hive. New York State is qult9 a large honey producer, and the Grocers' Cri terion, of Chicago, recently in dis cussing the honey crop of New York, reports that but twenty pounds of honey if expected from each hive. With dry weather and a short clover crop the bees seem to be kept busy providing themselves with food, with out storing up the usual surplus that constitutes the available supply for the market. ' There has been a revival of the whaling industry. A few years ago the annual industry dwindled to 150,
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers