READING M GLASS, Use and Construction of the Mer curial Barometer. ITS VALUE ON BOARD SHIP. The Significance of a Fall of the Glass Varies Considerably According to Latitude Fluctuations of the Ba rometer In the Tropics. How's the glass? This Is a question Which Is asked dully by thousands of people nil over the world and frequent- ly for wry trivial reasons. To the navigator the Hiielaatloiis of the ba rometer are always of interest and not Infrequently of lrrent moment. Hence It Is customary In the navy to record the reading at least every four hours and In stormy weather at much shorter intervals. The style of barometer which Is supplied for use In the navy Is that known to makers and physicists as the "cistern" barometer. It consists of a glass tube about thlrty-tliro Inches in length and about one-third inch internal diameter. Any one who has seen a barometer of this type Is aware that the glass tube contains a column of mercury reaching within n short distance of the top, but it is not as plainly apparent, to the ordinary and imlnstructed observer why this tall and norrow column thus remains in the tube. The two condi tions essential to the construction of mercurial barometer are, first, that there shall be as perfect n vacuum as possible in the upper end of the tube, which is closed, and, secondly, that t' e lower end, which is open, shall be kept Immersed In a Imsln or cistern of mer cury. These ends are accomplished la a simple fashion, first discovered by an Italian scientist named Torrlcelll, as far back as the year 1U-I3. The tube Is held perpendicular, with the closed end downward, and mercury is poured In until It Is quite full. Then the finger Is placed over the opening and the tube is turned over, end for end; the open end Is Immersed In a cistern of mer cury, and the finger or stopper Is re moved. The mercury then sinks a short distance In the tube, leaving a space at the top which must obviously be completely devoid of nlr. The pres sure which the atmosphere exerts upon the surface of the mercury In the cis tern maintains the column In the tube, and any variations In the air pressure will be accompanied by a correspond Jng rise or fall of the mercury In the a. he cistern must, of course, be of the Uest dimensions possible or the In strument would be too clumsy. In the marine barometer It consists of a cup ' about one and one-half Inches In di ameter. The necessary limitation of the cistern causes certain Irregularities, which, however, do not practically af feer the eftlelpnov Af the Inufrtimnnfr n. weather glass, and In barometers which are designed for more accurate readings the difficulty Is overcome by an ingenious device which there Is not space to describe here. It should be noted that mercury Is used In the construction of barometers Imply because It Is by far the heaviest of liquids. A barometer can be made equally well, for Instance, with water but this would entail having a tube nearly forty feet In length, for when the mercury stands at thirty Inches the ' water barometer will stand at about thirty-four feet, a cumbrous sort f In strument for the navigator to carry about with him. Tbe gloss tube and cistern thus com Bined are attached to a wooden mount ing or placed in a metal case, with openings to show the upper part of the tube, and on the case a scale Is cut showing inches and tenths ami hun dredths of an Inch, or. In marking a more accurate Instrument, something like- the two hundred and fiftieth part f ni htefc. Barometers are usually scnTed from twenty-seven to thirty-one Inches, this being the practical limit of the fluctuations due to weather, and, Indeed, when the glass gets down to twenty-eight Inches !t Is time to look about you. Tbe significance of a fall of the ba rometer, however, varies considerably according to the latitude. In Great Britain, says n writer In tbe Navy and Army, it has fallen perhaps half an Inch or more during the night, and yet there may be do very alarming gale of wind, but such a fall in the tropics woutd be the signal for the navigator to prepare for a cyclone, tbe fluctuations of the gloss in these lati tudes being ur.ually confined to a slight and regular rise and fall at certain hours. In a recent cyclone in Japan the fall during one hour was three tenths and the rise during: tbe next hour no less than six-tenths, or more than half an inch. It is indeed with regard to these terrific storms that tbe barometer is Of the utmost service to tbe navigator. The behavior of the glass, iu conjunc tion with the shifting of tbe wind, wilt Indicate to the experienced seaman the position of the dreaded vortex and the approximate course upon which the torm is traveling. ' A Fiasoo. ' The phrase, "a complete fiasco," orig inated with a German workman, who declared that he could blow glass as well as an expert glass worker. A friend laid a woger with him to the eoutrary, and when the test came off tbe would be glass blower found that lie could produce only a pear shaped flask (fiasco). Nothing daunted, he tried again, but with the same result Tbe story of the workman became known, and hence the origin of the phrase whtel Is used in designating a failure. BQsu PRAYERS BEFORE BATTLE. Curious Invocations by Famous His torical Personages. One of the earliest records in his tory of n prayer before battle is that of Chllderic, king of Gaul, a pnirun, who before going Into battle at Zucl plch, some 400 years after Christ, prayed to the God of the Christians to help fclm to victory. His foe was At tila, king of the Huns, and Chllderic vowed If God would give him the vic tory be would embrace the Christian fnith. The prayer of a Hungarian olllcer before one of the battles fought for tho Independence of Hungary In 1849 was as follows: "I will not ask thee, Lord, to help us, and I know thou wilt not help the Austrian, but If thou wilt sit on yonder hill thou shnlt not be asham ed of thy children." This was the prayer of the "Fighting Bishop" Les lie before one of the battles fought in Ireland: "O God, for our umvorthlness we are not fit to claim thy help, but If we are bod our enemies are worse, and If thou seest not meet to help us we pray thee help them not, but stand thou neuter on this day and leave it to the arm of the flesh." The one offered lefore tho battle of Edgehlll by Sir Jacob A Riley was, "Thou knowest. O Lord, Unit I shall bo very busy this day, and if I forget thee forget thou not me," and then the command followed, "March on, boys!" As King Edward advanced with his columns to Bannockburn he remarked to his aids, seeing the Scotch on tbelr knees: "See, they kneel. The rebels are asking pardon." IVUniphravllle was heard to remark: "Yes, but it Is to the King of kings. These men conquer or die on this field." Oliver Cromwell had public prayers before going to battle on several occa sions, as, for Instance, previous to the battle of Dunbar. It Is a curious fact that the English prayer honk contains prayers, or at least one proyer, to be said before going Into netion at sea, while nothing Is provided for use be fore engagements on land. OLD BIRDS' NESTS. Many Feathered Creatures Use the Same Ones Year After Year. "That common expression for worth lOKMiess. 'it has no i:ni-e v:c.e a last year's bird's nest.'" said a bird fancier, "Is often far from correct. The majority of our birds do leave their nests after raising a brood, but many do not. and tbelr nests are used through a succession of years. I have known some birds to use their nests ten rears In succession, and so per sistant are they that many times the female will return even after the nest lias b;en robbed and the mate killed. Ai:iDi:g these users of perennial nests urr the wrens, some of the swallow f:i:n!!y. bluebirds, great crested fly- n'cl'e-s. some of the owls, eagle-' "!ii 'l;:';i'ees and Home woodpeckers. "They repair to the nest each year m.l often build It over. A little wren h:i made Its nest In a hole In a tree In my girden and has occupied It for the l.i -t e's'it ye-irs. . M ich year It has plied on ne'v stn!T till the hole Is almost fill ed up Some say that as soon as It be-e-vies cro-.vded the birds will clean It v" I know of a bluebird's nest that h ) b""n occupied for several years. It 1 1 fie same female year after year, for i i ,vo nincK wmg toothers ami i'l ' ! ""m:'"- t'mt build In exposed sltua- ' -w, like bangblrds. always build t:i-.'ir each season, and some other b-'.ild anew for every brood. Some nev v build. They either lay in the n---ts f other birls or In tbe sand Th" ,.. -' -r.d 'i owl niake a framework o. ' i i .".:i I slight r "Irs are needed. n- I in's' nests tint yon find have ;: (- been used. For Instance, tbe rslt wren builds several with the I'ei f'nt Iti the ease of I'Htnr'.irir.n tb. r::ile wl'l attract attention to t'.ie ,i",- "m!i that In hlcli i'ie fi ':' '-! brooding and so shield her frorv :i "ti.'es." , Ai Irhir'it of tl-.e Plainr. ", 'ii' de it' titles, winever It lies, sti'.l ii:ii (be coyote's choicest fe'st . i-iii'i-e with. mt n f"!"iii an sh::::-'" . v,ir. .Men and niii'ii'Ms luv1 i ' hi .! "'.Mn't I'- Meal thief :::: ' rilinnd ii ' the an' ual world. iraunt ' llgurehead of the ve-tern ) ' .! t;i! s'irv!v. as i"Meh the mti " ti'.i e'vlre n be "as in th" day " 1'!. ti :i in v "' eo:': -' n ii:illi;tent v.u ! uti'vto :: :::.;t!ons upon rlv expedition of -l. ..,J -V,-)j f . if., v ...cms t!i:it trail ;iulsourl wl'der s v.l.'ose future was then undream .lames W. Steele In Outing Mnga- iinufl Taking In London. : nr.ff taking Is a common habit ! rertiln classes of the London p" i r. It shows Its effects In rambling i pee h. pallid aspect and dejected de- r resembling the symptom of tbe' Miornbla taker. The practice Is es pecially common aniens women, and an i I server says that women In the prisoner's dock In the police court will Have their hnlr decorated with curl palters which contain each the plncb f snuff needed for consolation. 01IGSBLEED,NG0" JK i PROTRUDING LI We guaraotM to lthr cure or refund BleedlM or ProtrodlDl Piles who faith fully and properlr uses Dr. A. W. Chase's Ointment Rut. T. B. Roberts of 103 Marshall 8t. Syracuse, N. Y., ssys: "For nine years I suffered from itching and protruding piles which were eo bed that they neceeslUted my absence from professional amies, i usea numerous remedies and underwent one opera tion without relief, but by using Dr. A. W. Chase's Ointment I am now permanently cured." Mo a box. All dealers or Dr. A. w. Chase Medicine Co.. BuOslo, N. T. For sale by Stoke & Feicht Drug Co. WHATIS AXONCERTO? It Is the Deification of a Single Instrument. TONE DRAMA IN THREE ACTS A Concerto Is to the Pianist, Violinist or Cellist What Grand Opera Is to the Singer, the Highest Achievement the Player Can Attain. A concerto Is a symphony wherein one Instrument Is given persistent prominence In other words, an ex tended instrumental solo with orches tral accompaniment, often taking three quarters of an hour to perforin. It Is the deification of n single Instrument, the highest achievement its player can attain. A concerto Is to the pianist, violinist or cellist what Brand opera is to the singer. It Is a tone drama in three acts energetic, tender, then cll matlc. In the first movement there Is usual ly a cadenza two or three pages long, which serves the soloist as the "mad scene" does the prima donna In "Lu cia." It Is an occasion for display. The orchestra is silent, the conductor's baton at rest, while the player (If It be a piano concerto) valiantly scales the keyboard alone. At a certain noto, however, the orchestra resumes Its role, giving the pianist perhaps a rest of several bars. But he must be rendy for his next cue. Though It be on a thirty-second note In the middle of a bent, .be must "land" square and true, like a circus rider on bis horse. In the matter of memory the pianist has a task more arduous than that of any other soloist. The singer voices but one note at a time, the violinist on occasion simultaneously sounds four, but the pianist must keep In his head perpendicular chords ten deep. When it comes to a composition sixty-five pages long, the player's brain becomes a veritable safe deposit full of notes, while his hands, like cashiers, dole them out. There are famous concertos by all great composers and for nearly all In struments, even an occasional one for the drum. But most numerous and fa miliar are the piano concertos. A not able example to study Is the one lu D minor by Rubinstein, a- titanic struc ture, splendid and substantial us the shield of Achilles, being sufficient In Itself to protect the composer from ob livion. It commences with the orches tra alone, softly at (lint, but steadily working up to a climax a crescendo that "touches the stars." Suddeuly there Is a crash from the piano and a tumble of chords, like the llrmameut falling, Lucifer cast down from heav en, lightning striking the earth, a me teor dropped Into the sea, steaming, hissing, subsiding. It Is a stupendous effect when well done, but something for the pianist to work over thirty -six hours a week nil tbe weeks of a year, and then a full decade later he still may find room for Improvement In this one overpowering passage. In the manner of his attack upon these very first chords a public performer declares himself an artist or a dilettante. No mere summer even ing's play of sheet lightning will do for this tempestuous demonstration of elec tric force. Indeed, tbe whole composi tion Js built on colossal lines. Olym pian In character, like the "Jupiter" symphony by Mozart, this Rubinstein concerto might fittingly be called tbe "Neptune." One con euslly find lu It all that is over and under and ou the sea. The principal theme proclaimed by the piano in ponderous, plunging chords is n very leviathan of its kind. In the cadenza a tremolo in the bass rumbles like an angry surf, while above this turbulent accompaniment soars a glorious theme In single tones, like the curving flight of a sea gull. Then a shuddering crescendo, a shriek In the treble, a ship ou the rocks I Tbe ensu ing torrent of tones Is almost unpar alleled in pianoforte music. The in strument groans under the feurful strain. Tbe strings all twang to the breaking point. While tbe principal theme Is gloriously bugled by the or chestra, the piano, sounding above it, pours, forth, like relentless waves, thundering ranks of Icy octaves. This particular passage is another fa mous one for tho pianist to weep and pray aud work over. To play it with absolute perfection one time out of ten Is an achievement for a virtuoso. The second movement is a dream of deep sea sounds tbe underworld of the waters, whose pulsing motion is mark ed by tbe ebb and flow of slumbering harplike chords. A brooding, gentle aong occasionally sounds above them, but from first to last there prevails a compelling hush of mystery. The final movement has a dash of salt breeze in the music. Neptune rides over waves and foam sounding conch shells and laughing sea gods: Hie first solo theme is a Jerky group of notes that play In and out of the keys like dolphins In and out of the Waves. Another passage very peculiar In construction is a downright dispute between piano and orchestra. They "talk back" in telling tones. What one utters the other echoes In sharp staccato sarcasm. They fling scraps of scales at each other and lose no time in doing It a well matched tussle of tones lasting full two pages before the conductor, by strenuous effort, succeeds in quieting things down. It Is bard to know what it was all about Possibly the piano was jealous because the orchestra Just before hod monopo lized sixteen measures. But soon they are playing together most amicably, dispensing tender harmonies that cause one aaln to dream of sirens and old sea lore. Mabel Wagnalls in Circle Magazine. CARTAGENA. Colombia Has the Oldest Walled City In Thia Hemispher. One of the few walled cities In this hemisphere and perhaps the oldest, is that of Cartagena, Colombia, South America. The wall, which Is still stnudint? and lu excellent condition, stretches Its irregular circumference several miles In Inclosing what was one of the gayest, wealthiest and lar gest cities of the new world lu the days of Spanish supremacy. It is said that $")0,()(ii,000 was spent In construct ing this wall, and It must be remem bered that three or four centuries ago that meant considerably more money than it does now. The wall Is wide enough to accom modate several teams abreast. Its top Is lint In most places, while at Inter vals there stand sentry boxes, showing that the wall was meant to guard tbe light hearted residents within Its In closure from suddeu attacks either by sea or by land. At one end of the wall near the sea Is still to be Kern the government pris on. Here there Is a long row of cells, which ore still kept for the use of priS' oners. At present these offenders are much sought by tourists to the Spanish main, for many of the nicii con lined there have for sule exquisite curvlngs on shell and wood. New York Herald IN CASE OF FIRE. The Landlord Told His Literary Guest How to Get Out. In the days before the dawn of his fame It was the practice of a certain well known author to wander up and down the land seeking what he might devour in the way of suggestion and local color. In this wny he had drifted Into Arknnsas, "roughing It." and not, as be expresses It, presenting an ap pearance calculated to inspire u hotel proprietor with unlimited confidence. The only hotel In the town, a frame structure, seemed to have been built upon the theory that there was plenty of room straight up, but that ground had to be bought, and the wanderer was shown to a room on the third floor, reached through many narrow and winding passages. From the oue window It was a straight drop to the ground. "Sny, how would I get out of this p' . 'n cose of tire?" he asked the 1 1. who hod brought up bis grip. ther eyed him coldly. "i.uul," be drawled, "all yo' would have to do would be to show ther night watchman the one with ther shotgun a receipted bill foh yo' lward an' lodgln' an' get him to tie up the bull dog." Cleveland Leader. A Mission That Failed. Tbe Sire de Joinvllle tells us In hi "Hlstoire de St. Louis" how a certain Brother Yves of the preaching friars once met while crossing a street In Damascus at the time of the sixth cru sade an aged woman who carried In her right hand a bowl of fire and In her left a bottle of water. "Where are you going?" asked the Brother Yves. "I go," said she, "to burn up heaven with the Are and put out hell with the water, and so I will make an end er both." "And for why will you do this?" ask ed the friar. "Because," said she, "I would that we did good neither for the Joys of heaven nor for the fear of bell puiu. but purely for the love of God, who deserves so well of us and who is able to deliver us from evil." Forgotten Hotel Keys. "1 suppose," said a guest, "a good many forgetful people go off with your hotel keys?" "This will show you," said the clerk. And he took from a drawer the fol lowing printed slip: "The tnanuirer of the Rbink hotel - knowledges with thanks the return of key No. . which M by oversight carried away on departure." So many keys, the young man ex plained, were mailed back by forgetful guests that it had lieen deemed advisa ble, as a time savins- device, to have a key acknowledgment printed. New Orleans Times-Democrat More Important. "Did I understand you to sny," asked Mrs. Chatters, "that your husband had ;o vocation?" "Worse than that," replied th min- J iter' wife. "I sold he'd bad no vaca- lon." Philadelphia Tress. insanity Follows Less of Sleep Dr. A. W. Chase's Nerve Pills give restful, natural sleep by a steadying tonic effect. Rob anyone night after night of nat ural sleep and a mental and general breakdown is bound to occur. Try and relieve this condition with Bromides, Chloral or Opiates and the system goes to pieces. Take a systematic course of treatment with the Dr. A. W. Chase's Nerve Pills that give ni.tural. restful sleep by a tonic, steadying power and you get well. Mrs. Rando'.ph Knuttl of No. 59 Penn St., Palem. Ohio, says: "Day times I was always nervous children's noises and little things upset and worried me and at night I could not sleep. As a result I felt depressed and debilitated. I was told of Dr. A. W. Chase's Nerve Pills and got some and they acted finely. They made my nerves steady and strong, gave me restful sleep and a splendid feeling of general strength and vigor. I don't worry or bother now about small things any more, and am very grateful for the change. As a nerve and general tonlo I consider the medicine has no equal" 60c a box at all dealers or Dr. A. W. Chase Medi cine Co., Buffalo, N. T. None genuine without the signature and portrait of Dr. A. XV. Chase. 'For sale by Stoke & Felcbt Drug Co. A SLAB OF BLACK STONE. Key to All the Ancient Writings of the Egyptiana. There Is a slab of black stone In the British museum which if you could walk away with It und establish your claim as the owner you could sell any day for a cpiiirter of u million und l':id half a ilozeu money king.) lu England and America ready to buy It. There Is nothing very striding about stone. It mlKbt be a piece ol black marble wllh some peculiar biero gly;ililcs upon It. Rut It is Just tj.- e Irenr.'lyplilcs which make It sn valua ble, because they are tv key tj a'l the ancle :t writings of the Egyptians, mid without tills stone, called t!ie Ro re'.'.a ston . we should be unable t;: read t!ie.i:j-ntian writing! which have bee. i illseovered from till" to time. S :;nc French tourists found the I'm : et:a stone in Egypt and tnn-omrto.l It to Tarls, where an Englishman took a fancy to It for a garden ornament !I' pill i7i for It 5 sovereigns and '., )t a t-easure which you could cover v.IMi gold and yet not represent its ralce. but till the day of 1:1s death b; did not know what that bit of stone was worth. London World. Comet Panics. Joseph Jerome Latraucals de La titude, the popular French astronomer of a century ago, differed from iN'ew tou's view that Providence had so ar ranged matters as to moke collision of the earth with a comet impossible and wrote a paper to prove that it was only very improbable. This paper, which was to have been read with oth ers before the French academy on a certain dny In 1773, got crowded out, but the Parisian public, bearing of it. made up Its mind that Lalande had predicted the Impending destruction of I'.i" earth and such panic ensued that t!:e police had to order the publication of the paper to reassure the public mind. But even then It was popularly believed that the paper had been delib erately toned down nnd comet panics continued for a quarter of a century. It's in tbe Blood! Any form of skin disease denotes poison in the blood some' fin 'DR.yTAYLOR'S GREAT ECZEMA REMEDIES will removejoll . impurities,-and do destroy the rerms in the Mood that CCZEMA7SALT.RHEUM,'B0IL5,BLACKHEADS, PinPLEI Dr. Taylor, the father of these remedies7as one of. themost successful specialists in all skin' diseases in the United States! . &ts 'iinrkrA rA a NO CURE WE GUARANTEE TO CUUBfYOU of any of the affections enumerated above, and in the event of failure we rgree to refund all money received by us for medicine purchased provided the patient has strictly followed our directions. Atk for fret illuitrated BookM. For sale by Stoke & Feicbl Driiir Co. AGRICULTURAL FAIR At Rimer sburg, Penn' a SEPT. 17 TO 20, 1907 EXCURSION TICKETS To rilmersburt? will be sold September 17, until September 21, inolusive, from Kittaiiulrif . Duliois. Eiulenton, and Inter mediate stations at REDUCED HATES. (Minimum rate 25 cents.) J. R. WOOD. Passenger Traffic Manager. E X P o s I T I O EXCURSIONS The various lailroads run excur sions Wednesdays, Tkurtdayt and Saiuidays. Ask your ticket agent SIDE LIGHTS Floral Hall, Package Express, "Pharaoh's Daughter, Tlieatorium, Ferris Wheel. Coffee Puking Ma chine, Pony Track, Toboggaa and cores of other entertainment. BOSTOCKS' ANIMAL ARENA Twice as large as last year. Same Big Show as shown in Paris, London and New York. 1 00 animals. -IMPROVED $100,000 Tbe Ejrpositioo the only permanent Expo is the country. Improves each year. It's so successful dial the season has been extended a week longer than ever before. New Music Hall; increased seating capacity ; new stage ; improved acoustics. There is nothing mote enjoyable than to form a party, go to Pittsburg, shop for a few hours and then take in the big show at the Point in the afternoon and evening. The WORLD'S BEST Musicians are there and you can hear a Two Dollar Concert; tee the tights in the monstrous buildings ALL FOR A QUARTER PITTSBURG Old People , Need VINOL it strengthens and vitalizes With old ago comes feebleness and loss of power; the blood is thin and digestion weak. Vlnol renalrn worn tlmmoa 1 checks the natural decline. It tones 11 n tho HIiroDtlira ncfrnna 1 .1 , I latlon, mokes rich, red blood, and strengthens every organ in the body. In this natural manner Vinol replaces weakness with strength. Vinol contains all the medicinal elements of cod liver oil in a concen trated form, taken from fresh cods' livers, the useless oil eliminated and tonic iron added. Try It on our guarantee. Stoke & Feicht Drug Co. OvilNISTrtATOR'S NOTICE. Estate of James I. Anderson, In Knox T iwnli'p, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania, Deceased. Letters of silnitnlstrut'on upon the above named estate having tmen granted to the unuVislKiied. all terrang having claims attains' Mie same will nruxtnt ihem for pay ment, duly aiuhentli-ateit, and Heme indebt ed thereto will ploa.-u make Immediate pay ment 'o L, S. Andbrson, M.M.Davis, Administrator. Attorney. it quickly. Tney'will positively cause. " " I rm s"-- ,v- - NO PAY Ask for fee Hliiit.rm.wl booklet. 18, 19 and 21), inciiiiive, good to return GEO. W. BOYD, General Passenger Agent. .MUSIC... SOUSA September 0th to 0th VICTOR HERBERT September Zlst to 28th U. S. MARINE BAND Sept. 30th to Oct. Sth MEXICAN BAND October 7th to IXth DAMROSCH October 14th to X6th
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers