ft mm An independent journal devoted to the interests of Reynoldsville. Published weekly. One Dollar per year strictly in advance. VOLUME U. REYNOLDSVILLE, PENN'A., WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 16, 1905. NUMBEB 13. That All Important Bathroom. You have often heard people remark, "If I were ever to build I would plan my bathroom r first and would not put all my money into the parlor with all its finery." That's good common sense sentiment, for the bathroom is the same time do it better than you anticipated it could be done for even more money. We have a booklet "Modern Home Plumbing" which will show you how to arrange your bathroom, kitchen and laundry plumbing with "tamfaMf' Baths and one piece Lavatories, the best plumbing equipment in the world. Call, write or phone for a copy. It is free. The Union V'fnt for the ' et".!MERVU,!,r: I'll 'NR. L. M. SNYDER Practical Horseshocr and Gen eral Blacksmith. Repairing of all kind promptly nml careful ly done. Wood shop In connection. When you need your tire set cull iind have it done with the Suhau Tire Setter, "iho machln that does It riRlit. Remember the place JACKSON ST., NEAR FIFTH. ft -AT- Leech Bros.' Planing Mill, WestReyn oldsville, you will find Window Sash, Doors, Frames, Flooring. STAIR WORK Rough and Dressed Lumber, Etc., Etc. Give us your order, Our prices aro reasonable. LEECH BROS., Proprietors. x 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 JEFFERSON E MACARONI 2 , FACTORY z . I . KEYNOLOVILLE, PENN'A. g . 0 S One of the largest macaroni factories 5 In the state. Ordern cent 0. 0. I. or on 2 eood reference anywhere In the Z ! milieu Dinbrni n ibu nm.-r, for the well known braud of United States. Also wholesale agents 0 Premium Flour g O.&J. MARINARO, Proprietors 5 WANTED: Boy about 16 years of age to do clerical work, Must be good at figures. Address in own hand writing : BOX 357, Reynoldsville, Pa. w at 0 0 0 tii I i most important of all the household. It's the Mecca of cleanli ness, health and refine ment, and nowadays many homes are judged by their bathrooms. We would like to help you plan your bathroom and believe that we could surprise you by putting in a bathroom for you at a much less cost than you might expect and at the PlvimbiiierCo - Wiiter SyslHin IIKYNOUHVIM.E, I' A Tired-Out Vomen. Fagged-out women, BiiflViins from back ache, unable to stand lotii? or walk far, or with symptoms incident lo the weaknesses peculiar to the sex sueh women needafriend to tell them that many suc h symptoms are the result of physical conditions that can be remedied only by building up the strength. This building up can be done most ell'ecU ually with Celery King. It cleanses the stom ach and bowels, giving restful sleep and tbs appetite of girlhood. For sale by Boyle-Woodward Drug Co. JOHN C. HIRST, CIVIL AND MINING ENGINEER, Surveyor and Draughtsman. Office In Syn dleate building, Main street. w L. JOHNSTON, JUSTICE OF THE PEACE. Office four donrs from Ross Douse, West Reynoldsville, Pa. J) RI ESTER BROS., UNDERTAKERS. niai'k and white funeral cars. Mian street. Reynoldsville, Pa. J II. HUGHES, UNDERTAKING AND PICTURE FRAMING The U. 9. Rurial League has been tester and found all right. Cheapest form of In siiraure. Secure a contract. Near Piiblh Fountain, Reynoldsville Pa. jy H. YOUNG, . ARCHITECT. Corner Grant and Fifth sts., Reynolds ville, Pa. "lyiNDSOR HOTEL, Philadelphia, Pa. Between lith and l:illl 8ts on Filbert St. Three minutes walk from the Reading Ter minal. Five minutes walk from the Penn'u R. K. Depot. Kuroiiean plan $1.(10 per day and upward. American plsn per day, Prank M. Schelbley, Manager. ENTRAL STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. . LOCK HAVEN, PA. J. R. FUckingor, Principal. Fall term of IS weeks begins September 11. The facilities at this Important school for doing first-class work, professional and acad emic, were never better than now. Its grad uates are required to do a full year's teach ing In the training school. Its facultv has the best American and European training. Buildings modern. College preparatory de paitment. Location unexcelled. Fine gym nasium. Expenses moderate. Free tuition to prospective teachers. Address for Illus trated catalogue, the Principal. Subscribe for The -X- Star If you want the New I Oil mm EXCURSIONS TO ATLANTIC CITY. And Other Atlantic Coast Resotts via Pennsylvania Railroad. August 24 and September 7 are the (lutes of the Pennsylvania Rail road annual low-rain excursions for 11)05 to Atlantic City, Cape May, Ocean City, Sea Mo City. Avalon, Anglesea, Wildwood, Holly Beach, N. J., Rehoboth, Del., or Ocean City, Md. Tickets good to return within sixteen duys, Including ditto of excursion. A special train of Pullman parlor cars and day coaches will leave Pittsburg on above-mentioned dates at 8.55 a. in., reaching Philadelphia 0.25 p. m., In time for supper, and arriving Atlantic City, via the Delaware River Bridg'i Route, the only all-rail line, at 8.35 p. m. A stop will bo made for luncheon en route. Passengers may also spend the night in Philadelphia, and proceed to the hhore by any regular train from Market Street Wharf or Broad Stree', Station on tho following day. Passengers for New Jersey point i other than Atlantic City will spend th i night in Philadelphia, and uo regula trains tho next day from Market Street, Wharf. Passengers for Rehoboth, Dol., or Ocean City, Md., will use regular trains the following day from Brond Street Station. Tickets will also be sold for regular trains leaving Pittsburg lit 4.55 and !).()() p. m. from all Btations at which these trains s'ep, and fion stations from which regular connection with them Is made, and it tho higher rate only on train leaving at 10.00 p. m, Pullman sleeping cars through to Atlantic City on the 10.00 p. m. train, and to Phila delphia on the 4 55 and 9 00 p. ra trains. Tickets good only In coaches, $10.00 ; tickets good in Pullman cars In connec tion with regular Pullman tickets, $12.00. Train leaves Reynoldsville 1.29 p. ra. Passeugers will take evening trains from Pittsburg. Returning coupons will be accepted on any regular train except the Penn sylvania Limited, tho Chicago Limited, the St. Louis Limited, and tho Pennsyl vania Special. A stop over within limit will bo allowed at Philadelphia returning, if passengers will deposit their tickets with the Ticket Agent at Broad Street Station, Philadelphia, Immediately on arrival. Tickets must be deposited with ' Agent on arrival at seashore destination and properly validated for return trip. For detailed information in regard lo rates and time of trains apply to ticket agents or Mr. Thomas E. Watt. District Passenger Agent, 360 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburg. Five Day Excutsion to Buffalo and Ni agara Falls. On Saturday, AugUBt 2fith, the Buf falo, Roehesti r St Pittsburg R'y will soil Ave day excursion tickets to Buf falo and Niagara Fails for train leaving Falls Creek at 1.05 p. m. The fare for the round trip will be only $4.00 and tickets will bs good returning from Niagara Falls or Buffalo on all regular trains up lo and including Wednesday, August 30tb. For full Information consult agents of the company. Asbury Paik Booklet. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company has just Issued an attractive bookie', descriptive of Asbury Park. Tb publication is designed to present tht attractions and claims of Asbury Pari as a Summer seaside resort. Persons desiring Information con corning this popular resort may obtatr a copy of the booklet by enclosing twt cents in postage stamps to Geo. W. Boyd, Genoral Passenger Agent, Penn sylvania Railroad, Philadelphia, Pa. Buffalo and Niagara Falls Excursion. On Sunday, August 20th, tho Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburg R'y will run another of their popular low rate ex cursions to Buffalo and Niagara Falls. Sp- ,al train will leave Falls Creek at 6.35 a. m. Round trip tickets, good go ing and returning on special excursion train Sunday, also for return from Buf falo on regular trains Monday, August 21, will be sold for $2.50. State Normal School. Attend the State Normal School at Slippery Rock, Butler County, Pa. Advantages first-class, rates low; tui tion free to teachers and to those who Intend to teach. Fall term begins Sept. 5, 1905. Send for a catalogue. Address Albert E. Maltby, Principal. The last lecture for 1905 at Chautau qua. New York, by Professor George E. Vincent will be delivered on the morning of Monday, August 14, on the subject of "The Psychology of the Crowd." Mr. Vincent's popularity as a locturer on sociological subjects assures hira a very large audience. ATTRACTIVE FALL TOUR. The Yellowstone Park, Lewis and Clark Exposition and Rocky Mountains. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company has arranged a special personally-conducted tour to visit the Pacific Coast, Including the Yellowstone Park, Port land (for the Lowls and Clark Exposi tion), and the beautiful resorts among the Colorado Rockies. This tour will leave New Yo k, Philadelphia, Balti more, Washington and other cities on the Pennsylvania Railroad Saturday, September 2, by a special train of high grade Pullman equipment. The Itin erary will cover a period of.three weeks, tho party teaching the east on the homeward journey September 22. Th J special train will be used by the party over the entire route, except during the live and one-half days in the Yellow stone Park, when the fine hotels now In service in the Great Preserve will bi utilized. The train will be side-tracked In Portland for occupancy there, ami all meals en route, except in the Yel lowstone Park and in-Denver, will bi sorved in the special dining car. Round-trip tickets, covering all necessary expenses for twenty-one days, $200 from all points on the Pennsylvania Railroad, except Pittsburg, from which the rate will bo $195. For Itineraries and further Informa tion apply to ticket agent9 ; C. Studds, Eastern Passenger Agent. 203 Fifth Avenue, New York; Hugh Hasson, Jr., Passenger Agent Baltimore, Md.; B. M. Newbold, Passenger Agent South eastern District, Washington, D. C ; Thos. E. Watt, Passengei Agent West ern District, Pittsburgh, Pa.: or ad dress Geo! W. Boyd, General Passenger Agunt, Philadelphia. Pittsburg Exposition. The management of the new expo sition is dally booking surprise features for the season which Is but a few weeks off, opening Wednesday evening, Au gust 30, and closing October 21. Aside from the musical attractions, Damroscb, Sousa, Herbert, Creature and Sorran tine, who will be at tho exposition in the order named, instructive and en tertaining features galore have been secured. After several weeks of dicker ing the announcement has been made that ono of the greatest of spectacular triumphs, "Fighting the Flames," will bo seen at the exposition for the season, an immense space having been engngod for the silent but graphlo story of New York life. The display of game and fish which Is now on view at the Lewis and Clark Exposition in Portland has been secured during the past week at an enormous outlay. Preparations have been mads for the allotment of space for the wonderful miracle-painting, "In the Shadow of the Cross," the ereatlon of an eastorn artlBt, which In absolute darkness undergoes an awe-inspiring change. If the same progress Is made in the days intervening before the open ing night there will be but little to do but dedicate the opening with Mr. Damrosch as the star, so rapidly are the exhibits being made presentable. PROHIBITION STATECONVENTION Reduced Rates . to Williamsport, via. Pennsylvania Railroad. For the benefit of those desiring to attend the State Convention of the Prohibition party, to be held at Wil liamsport, Pa., August 22 and 23, tho Pennsylvania Railroad Company will sell excursion tickets to Williaraspor'i from all stations on its lines In tho State of Pennsylvania, August 21 and 22, good returning until August 25, in clusive, at rate of single fare for the round trip. Can't Get Enough of Them. People are al ready ask Ing tho Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburg R'y for anothor excursion to Niagara Falls, which it has been decided to run on Sunday, Aug. 20. Special train will leave Falls Creek at 6.35 a. m. Round-trip tickets only $2.50 MuBlin underwear Prices cut 15 to 35 per cent. Bing-Stoke Co. The annual Grange Day at Chautau qua, New York, falU this year on Sat urday, August 19th. A most appropri ate lecture will be delivered In the morning by Commissioner Robert Watchorn of the National Immigration Department on "Protecting the New comer and Ourselves." the relation of immigration Id a practical way to tho problem of the farmer being, of course, apparent. After the 11 o'clock concert in the morning ' the popular after noon lecture will be given by Dr. R. H. Conwell on "Personal Glimp ses of Celebrated Men and Women." The concluding feature if the day, the Gilbert & Sullivan Opera, "The Mika do," will round out a rich and varied program. Men's underwear, shirts 'and neck wear. We save you 15 to 35 per cent. Bing-Stoke Co. Th Face Is an Index. The face is an Index to the stnte of one's physical well being. Symptoms of disease can be detected from It al most before the pullcnt Is aware that there Is anything the matter. For In stance, excessive pullur ludlcutes poor circulation and possible heart trouble. Incomplete exposure of the eyeballs, rendering the whites of the eyes vis ible during sleep, la.a symptom of all acute and chronic diseases -of a Hovere type. Twitching of the muscles la a herald of nervous exhaustion. Widen ing of the orifices of the nose with movements of the nostrils to and fro points to embarrassed breathing; from disease of the lungs or channels lead ing thereto. Contraction of the brows ludlcutes pain In the licnil. Sharpness In the nostrils is a symptom of pain In the chest. Hugging under the eyes, when not a facial characteristic, points to kidney trouble. Twitching of the eyelids associated with oscillation of the eyeballs or squinting, heralds the visit of convulsions. American Queen. A Kipling Lament. In Laurence Mutton's "Talks In n Library" he tells as follows of meet ing Ituilyard Kipling at a luncheon given to the latter by Itlclmrd Watson Glider. "Another engagement made me lute, nnd I entered the room as tho party was breaking up. I wns intro duced to Mr. Kipling, with whom I exchanged the traditional few formal words, and we drifted apart, but a moment or two afterward ho placed himself on the arm of a chnlr in which I was Bitting nnd said: 'I didn't real ize, Mutton, when I met you a moment ngo who you were. Dear old Wolcott Hulostler, your friend nnd mine, tried so hard and so many times to bring Its together in London and elsewhere, nnd now he Is gone, and I can't under stand It all. He died so suddenly anil so far away; we had so much to sity to each other, mid now I have got to wait so long before I cnu say It.' " An Ancient Tune, "We Won't Go Home Till Morning" Is not n modern song; at least tho nir Is not modern, for it dates back to the times of the first Duke of Marlbor ough. It Is the old French air of "Mul brottk s'en vu-t-en guerre; Dleu salt qunut revlendra" ("Malbrouk has gone to the war; the Lord knows when he will come home again"). The second verse hinted that ' the Duke of Marl borough would be a long time a way. "II revlcndrti-z-a la I'nques, ou a lit Trinlte" ("lie will return at Easter or Trinity Sunday"). In south Yorkshire, in England, that air exists as a chil dren's song; Mollle Brooks, she went to be shaved; Mollle Hrnoks, she went to be Bhaved; Mollle Brooks, she went to be shaved and the barber cut her chin. "Mollle Brooks" Is a corruption of Marlborough. Doth 8n w the Monkey. "I had n most terrible experience to dny," declared the pretty girl to her boarding house companions. "I was walking along the street, when sud denly I heard a most peculiar noise. I looked up, nnd there on a stoop stood a most hideous monkey, leering at me. It startled me, and I stepped back quickly, putting my hand to my' eyes. Then the man who was coming Just behind me remarked: " 'You're nil right, little girl. I see It, too, and I've been on the water cart for weeks.' Now, what do you sup pose he Ineant?" The men boarders who were at tho table answered not, but the wife of one of them explained to the- girl later ou. New York Tribune. A Remarkable Comedy. The most remarkably comedy ever written Is "The Visionaries," by Des mnrcts, the protege of Itlchelleu. Every character In the piny has a hal lucination of one kind or another. One Is a coward who thinks he has con quered the world, another a poet who conceives himself better than Homer, another a lover who becomes enam ored of every heroine he reads of In a romance, another a beggar who thinks himself richer than Croesus. Women's Letters. "As far as I have had the opportun ity of Judging, It appears to me that the usual Btyle of letter writing among women Is faultless except In three par ticulars a general deficiency of sub ject, a totnl Inattention to stops and a very frequent Ignorance of grnnj mnr." Sneh Is the brief summing up of woman as a correspondent, given some hundred years ago by Henry Tllney. LoKieal. ' "You've been kissing Margie Hun ter." "Oh, Nellie, what a story!" "Yes, you have, Robbie Dlckerson. You don't like peppermint, and she al ways gets peppermint chewing gum. Oh, I can put two and free togevver." -Life. Hat and Heads. If some people bought a bat accord ing to their own estimation of the size of their head they wouldn't need an umbrella. Chicago Journal. . Facts are God's arguments; . we should be careful never to misunder stand or pervert them. Edwards. The Monster Dlnlodoras. Dr. Andrew Wilson speaks of that luge extinct reptile, the dlplodocus, (chose bones Andrew Carnegie present ed to the South Kensington museum in Loudon as a "dragon.' "If we could imagine It restored," says Dr. Wilson, "we should be tempted to Imagine that the dragnu legends of old had some foundation In fact. As a rule, these creatures dinosaurs, as they are called were huge, bulky animals. Mr. Car negie's specimen hns been estimated to' have possessed a length In life of about seventy feet. The dlplodocus, with regard to Its personal character istics, appears to hare possessed a head of very moderate size Indeed, considered relatively to the animal's bulk. Its Jaws are weak, and its teeth are borne by the front of tho Jaws only. That it fed on soft vegetable matter would therefore appear to be nn inference fairly warranted by the facts, yet, like the vegetarian elephant, It may have been capable of fierce on slaughts enough In Its day. To feed ou plants is not always commensurate with mildness of temper, as every vic ious horse testifies. We may further believe that the dlplodocus, If not a swimmer, at least had aquatic habits.. Mnklno; Marbles. Germany maintains a monopoly of making stone marbles in spite of vari ous efforts made to wrest the trade away. In the marble and agate quar ries there are Innumerable chips and bits of stone from the butting of the large blocks, and this refuse Is broken Into cubes about the size of a marble. An experienced worker produces these cubes bf stone at an Incredible speed and with remarkable uniformity. When about a bushel are ready they are dropped between a grooved bedstone and n revolving runner. Water Is kept constantly supplied, and In half an hour the stones are turned out perfect spheres. With abundant water power the cost is slight, as a couple of men can keep a dozen stones supplied and the raw mnterlnl costs nothing at nil. In other countries the cost of preparing the blanks ents up the profits, and com petition with the Germnn made prod uct Is Impossible. The IIlRhesI Stairway. For the ascent of Mount Oml, on the borderland between western China and the Tibetan plutcnu, there Is an artifi cial staircase consisting of 20.000 steps cut in slippery limestone. Who made these steps Is largely a matter of sur mise, but they were probably formed by religious enthusiasts to provide a means of access from the hot plains, out of which the mountain mass rises abrupt ly to the heights, 5,000 to 11,000 feet above, among which the Buddhist ab bey of Oml embodies some of the holi est traditions of the religion professed by Its Inmates. Anyhow, the staircase Is there, and by It many pilgrims attain to the shrine as well as the very few Europeons who have ever visited this singular spot. Cuff Buttons. 'Tour cuff buttons are not properly worn," said n Jeweler to one of his cus tomers. "What's the matter with them? Haven't I got them in my cuffs?" "Yes," replied the Jeweler, "but you are like a great many other people; you nre not a close observer. You have the little gold piece at one end of each link placed so that In one cuff It Is toward your body and in the other nwny from you. The small end of the link should In every case be toward you. Yet nine men out of ten pay no attention to this detail. The careful dresser never has the small end of a link button on the far side of the cuff." Philadelphia Record. Woolen and Worsted. If a piece of woolen cloth is exam ined through n microscope, the two yarns warp and weft are found to be so crossed and closely matted to gether as to be Indistinguishable, but In a piece of worsted material you can easily distinguish them. This is due to the fact that woolen goods are made from short stapled carded wools, whoso fibers In the process of carding have been made to overlap each other so as to become closely matted or felted, while worsted goods are made from long stapled wools that have been card ed and then combed till the fibers lie as straight and parallel as possible. A "Wild Hair." A "wild hair" Is the most annoying freak of nature a man can be afflicted with. It grows in from the eyelid In stead of out and, constantly brushing against the eyeball, sometimes causes an Irritation thnt results In a loss of eight. To pull It out gives only tem porary relief, since In a few weeks it comes back, as well grown and strong as ever. The only way to kill it Is to destroy the sac from which it springs. This is done by means of the electric needle. Her Sick Friend. Mamma Ethel, where have you been all this time? Ethel-Sitting op with a sick friend. Mamma Nonsense! I believe you've been In the parlor all evening with that Mr. Softlelgh. Ethel Well, ma, he's lovesick. Phila delphia Ledger. He I would lay the world at your feet She C&nghlngly) My dear sir. It Is there already. Don't assume credit for the law. of gravitation. Not Whnt the Lawyers Wanted. "Lawyers have some queer experi ences," said the Judge. "One of them wns telling of a case henrd before me. A young man had been arrested for larceny, nnd he sent for this lawyer. "The young fellow told tho attorney that he was innocent, hut that lie bad no frlehds In the city nnd uo money. His mother, however, was In fair cir cumstances, and he knew that she would help him. What he wanted the lawyer to do was to defend him and also send a telegram to his mother tell ing of his fix and asking for aid. The lawyer agreed to this and inado such a good defense that the young man was acquitted. "He und the attorney went direct to the telegraph office to which the mes sage had been ordered sent and found It. The young man was so grateful to the lawyer that he handed him the unopened envelope, telling him that he must take all the money that his mother had telegraphed him. Tho law yer tore open the yellow cover, and his eyes were greeted with theso words: "Put your trust In God. I am praying for you. MOTHER." "Aa-lna-" a Rm, A good deal of fraud Is practiced In selling antique "Kuzaks," "Daghcs taus" and slmllnr rugs, for there are hardly any of these which are more than fifteen . years old. They are "aged" artificially, but you must un derstand nevertheless that these .rugs are well made of the very finest wools, and the native dyes used are pure and good. When they have been mnd3 they are lent In the village to "the butcher, the baker and the candlestick maker" to any one, In fact. In whoso house there Is plenty of traffic. Here the carpets are trampled upon and made to look old. They hre afterward washed In a running stream and then dried in the sun. And Jy these means the rugs get an antique complexion and a certain gloss which are much ap preciated. What may be called a genuine "antique" Is thus manufac tured and sold In the bazaar for ten times or twenty times the price for which it could be bought In London. Constantinople Letter. Garibaldi's Ashes. It Is generally known that Garibaldi left directions In his will for the cre mation of his body and that through the Intermediary of the Italian gov ernment his wishes were . overruled. Few, however, are probably aware of the minutiae of detail Into which Gari baldi entered upon the subject or of the extent of self consciousness which Is evident at every line of the direction. "Facing the sea you shall erect a pyre two meters high, built of acacia wood, myrtle and other aromatic trees and plants growing at Cnprera. On this lay a sheet of iron, on which shall be placed my body, dressed in the red shirt. A handful of the ashes place near the coffins of my daughters Rosa and Anita." The rest were to be blown away by the wind as seeds of liberty for other pnrts of the world. London Globe. Paley on Private Property, Archdeacon Paley, who died on May 25, ISO,", wrote "Evidences of Chris tianity." The archdeacon likened "the divine right of kings" to "the divlno right of constables" and satirized the institution of private property by the simile of a hundred pigeons in a field of corn. If, "instead of each picking where nnd whnt it liked, taking just ns much ss it wanted and no more," ninety-nine of them Were to reserve only the chaff and refuse for them selves and heap up the rest for "the weakest, perhaps worst, pigeon of the flock," that, said Paley, would be just like human private property. Fonr White Fetlorks. In France in former times a horse that possessed four white stockings had the privilege of being free from toll. There is a passage in one of the works of Frederick Mistral, the famous poet of Provence, to the following ef fect: "By the rule of the road there was an old custom which was respect ed by all, that the carter whose leader had four white stockings, whether go ing uphill or downhill, had the right not to leave the road that Is, the nar row paved part when the rest was In a bad state and thus arose the prov erb, 'Who has four white feet can pass everywhere.' " How to Eat German Carp. The Clifton Hill (Mo.) Bustler gives the following directions for eating German carp: When fishing, If you catch a German carp clean It and hang it out In the sun six weeks to dry, then nail it to a pine board and cover it thoroughly with salt or mud. Let it stand for two months longer, and then bake it two days. Remove the nails, throw the carp over the back fence and eat the board, but never eat the carp. Odd Tolaoldenee. Mrs. Janson said to Mrs. Lammls In perfect confidence, "Do you know mine is the prettiest baby in the world?" "Well, really, now, what a coinci dence!" said Mrs. Lammls. "So is miner Much prudence does not always keep one from committing follies, nor much sense from thinking them, nor muck wit from ottering them.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers