Wnn Water for Came. If a cow kIvm 16 quarts of milk per day she must consequently consume at least an equal quantity of water. If the water Is Icy cold she fill not drink because she thereby becomes chilled. She will fall off In her yield of milk because she cannot produce It unless she drinks a quantity suffi cient for the milk and tho demands of her body. She voids usually a large quantity of wator. Tho "atr for the cows must therefore be warmed If the flow of milk Is to contlnuo. flrala Weevils. It ts said that the Grain weevil has a' natural dlsllko to salt, and that wheat or other grain stored in salt sacks was not touched by them, while that In other sacks In the same pile was badly Infested and virtually ruined by weevils. If this Is true It would be a simple matter to dip all grain sacks fn brine and dry them be fore using, or perhaps to surround the frraln bins with salted sack. It Is an experiment worthy of trial In the grain-growing regions. It Is cheaper and as easily tried as the bisulphide of carbon treatment, and we think could not Injure the grain for seed or any other purposes. Tho grain does not absorb tho salt, but it stands as a fence around it to repel the weevil. An Experience With Separators. Whether it Is desirable or not to buy a separator depends upon circum stances. T)o not trust all stories of the enormous increase of yield of butter because of the separator. To be sure the separator removes practi cally all tho butter fat, bet more than that It will not do. The ultimate pro fits will depend upon what the indi vidual dairyman will or will not do. For instance. I do not think It advis able to mix fresh warm cream with that previously separated, or warm or diluted cold cream with fresh milk. These additions always contain more or less animal odor or are otherwise tainted. They should be aerated and cooled before mixing. Neglect of any one of the many necessary precau tions will result in more loss than can be made up by the use of a separator. L. W. Zahrn. in Orange Judd Farmer. Cow Peae In Northern Statea. If the cow pea has apy place in the farming of the northern states it is not as a forage crop, either as hay or ensilage. Some have succeeded In making fair ensilage by mixing a little with corn, one-fourth part or less, but others have failed. When the pea vines are fit to cut It Is not good hay making weather, and they need a great deal of curing. A small patch for the hogs to feed upon, or for the bens to pick the peas from, may do very well, but tho use for them is on some of the outlying lota of poor soil, so far away that It will not pav to draw manure fro.n the barnyard to them. Sow the cow peas there, as they will grow where clover vill not. Put on some acid phosphate and pot ash to give them a start, and plow them under in the fall. ' Then sow rye as a winter cover crop to prevent the nitrogen from bolnar lost in winter. Plow that undor lathe spring and add more phosphate and potash, and tho peas and rye will have furnished or ganic matter and nitrogen enough to grow almost any crop that may be wanted there. This requires some labor, but It is cheaper than paying 20 Vents a pound for nitrogen in choml cals or the commercial fertilizer. fltaoka and Peedltnc-e. In planning an orchard of any kind of fruit trees the relative value of stocks and seedlings w'll often occur to the orchardlst. Not every one who goes Into commercial fruit growing realizes the Importance of understand ing when to raise seedlings and when to depend upon grafted fruits. Graft ing is more rampant todav than ever before, and it looks as if all our fruit In the next generation will be from grafted stock. This of course is due to the success of some of our best grafts, which will produce their best fruits only when successfully grown on good, thrifty seedling stocks. We have practically turned tho matter of raising seedlings over to the nursery men, and then we set our young or chards with these stocks and graft the Improved varieties on thorn. Personally I rould advocate the growing of good seedling stocks on the farm more generally than is the case today, and not trust everything to the nurseryman. I do not say that the latter is giving us anything less than what he agrees to. and there are many times whon we must depend upon him to supply us with our needs. But the fruit grower who does not have his own young nursery of seed ling stocks must fall to reach tho all around results which en experienced grower obtains. We must know something of the trees from their first tart in Ufa up to the time we cut them down for kindling wood. This can come only by planting a few seeds every year in a small nursery where the stocks of future trees can bo tend ed and watched. Seedling stock should possess above all other things strength and vigor. The atock that is weak In any way can hardly be desirable for grafting purposes. The reason select the seedlings for stock because of their superior hardi ness and rapidity of growth. The graft Is supposed to be of a weaker kind, and It gains strength and rigor from the sap of the stock. If this latter Is not in perfect condition w must expect to see the fruit inferior in quality or amount. We cannot always get the best seedling stock when brought from a long distance. The change of soil and climate affects It badly oftentimes and puts It back for several years. Wecannot afford to make the graft until it has become accustomed, to the new soil and surroundings and has recovered some of Its thrlftlneas. This delay Is not only aggravating, but very often very unprofitable. Good seedling stock taken from the home nursery seldom causes such a serious setback, and if one tree does It should be quickly replaced by another. But even If we depend upon tho nursery man for our stocks. It Is always well to supplement them with a few raised in the home orchard. Then whenone or more of the purchased stocks fall supplant It Immediately by one from the home nursery. ' In this way we can avoid these wide sans In orchards which are the result of tho failure of some of the original trees. C. 8. Walters, In American Cultivator. Fruit Irasa In tha Spring1. Now that it Is nearly time for the fruit trees to blossom It would be well for farmers who desire large crops of fruit to consider the matter of tho pol lenation of the blossom, which Is so necessary In securing perfect fruit. The various experiment stations have been at work in the direction of pol lenation for several years, and the Cornell station has performed excel lent service In calling attention to the facts w hich have not been well under stood by fruit growers. !t may not be known that scarcely one fruit blos som In 10 sets fruit, even In the most favorable seasons and with the most productive varieties, and trees mak ing very vigorous growth may drop their blossoms, while brown rot or apple or pear scab and pear blight may also destroy them. As alt farm mers understand, however, frost will injure blossoms, and even flowers that are apparently uninjured may be so weakened as to be unable to set fruit. Rain during the blooming season par tially prevents the setting of fruit, chiefly by destroying the vitality of the pollen, Injuring the stigma, or by preventing fertilisation because of the low temnerature. Tho washing of pollen from the anthers, however, sel dom causes serious loss. The position of nn orchard, tho soil, the protection In the form of wlndbrakes. tho sudden appearance of severe cold, or a warm spell of weather In February or March all affect the fruit to a certain extent. The trees that have the greatest number of blossoms do not always produce the most fruit, as lo cal conditions may not be as favor able as for some other trees in the same orchard. Tho main cause of the unsatisfac tory fruiting of orchards over the whole country Is self-nerlllty. Any tree is relf-eterlle If It cannot set fruit unless planted near other varie ties. The cain of self-sterilltv Is the inability of the pollen of a variety to fertilize the pistils cf that variety. Poor stamens and pistils are also causes. An Indication of Belf-sterillty Is the continued dropping of fruit from Isolated trees or solid blocks of trees cf en? variety. Self-sterlllty Is not ?. constant characteristic with any variety, as the same variety may be self-fertile in one place and nearly self-Eterilo In sme other. Well-fed trees aro less likely to be sterilo with their own pollen than trees that are poorly nourished. When sitting out new orchards tho trees should bo uf mixed varieties and not a solid block of any one kind, and where orchards are alreadv established and tho trees are unfruitful it will probably be P found profitable to put a few grafts of another variety In each trpo. In the matter of preventing loss of fruit by spraying It has been found by experi menting with apple trees that the number of blossoms saved is quite large compared with trees that re ceived no treatment, in many cases the crop being doubled. It Is safo to claim, however, that the majority of growers allow their trees to overbear and carry too largo a crop to matur ity, Instead of thinning out the fruit at an early stage. First save the blossoms by spraying to destroy In sects and parasites and reduce the fruit on the trees later. Somo kinds of fruit do not require mixing with other varieties, while others perfcr to be with varieties best adapted for the purpose. European and Oriental pears can fertilize each other, and many varieties of the do mestic, Japanese and native plums are likewise lnter-fertlle, provided they bloom at the same time. The pollen of some varieties will give larger fruit than that of others when it falls on or is applied to the pistils of either self-sterile or self-fertile varieties. Among our common orchard fruits cross-pollenatlon seldom has an imme diate Influence on the size of the fruit Itself, but cross-pollenatlon probably gives better results than self-pollena-tlon with nearly all varieties. It is ad visable and practicable to plant all va rieties of orchard fruits, be they self sterile or self-fertile, with reference to cross-pollenatlon. Insects are prob ably more important than wind for carrying pollen from tree to tree, hence growers who have but one va riety in a solid block have been bene fited by the varieties growing In some neighboring orchard, which may even be some distance away, but this should not be relied upon, as the safest plan is to have at least two varieties of all kinds of fruit, the two varieties to come In blossom at the same time in order that the one may provide pollen r tha other. Philadelphia Record. There are no trial trips on the of jnatrtmony. GREAT NAVY BUILDER CHIEF CONSTRVC TOR. HICHBORN TO RETIRE. The retirement from active service of Chief Constructor Philip Hlchborn, of the United States navy, on account of the age limit, is a severe loss to this Important branch of the service of Uncle Bam. Although bis name la not as familiar to the general public as those of Dewey, Sampson and Schley, nevertheless be was one of the men whose genius made possible the glor ious work of our navy during the war with Spain. When the country was ringing with the praises of the officers and men who carried our victorious emblem Into Manila bay and who strewed the coast of southern Cuba with ..ae battered wrecks of Spain's best fighting vessels, and honors and promotions came thick and fast to tiioso who participated In the engage ments, there were three men at the heads of three naval bureaus in Wash ington whose work did not receive the recognition that was due them, at least by the public at large. These men were Chief Constructor Hlchborn. George W. Wallace, englneer-ln-chlef of tho navy, and Charles O'Nell, head of the ordnance bureau. Theirs were Tha Maater Mln.li that planned the hulls of our modern vessels of war; that designed the mlgnty engines which carried them swift. y and surely into the enemy's waters; thnt were responsible for the powerful armament and various muni tions of war which enabled our jackles to humble the proud Castllian. That these chiefs have not been accorded the public recognition due them for the distinguished service they ren dered the country In Its time of need Is nbt due to lack of appreciation, but to general Ignorance regarding the Important part which the bureaus un der tnelr control piny In the construc tion of an up-to-date navy. Their brains plunned about all of the vessels In our present navy and that they bullded well ts recorded on history' pages. It is no wonder, then, that the retirement from the service of one of these men is looked upon, by those who know his worth, as a public ca lamity. Philip Hlchborn was born sixty-two years prior to tho date on which he retired, March 4, in Charlestown, Mass., and came of an old Colonial family, one member of which, De borah Hlchborn, was the mother of Paul Revere. He graduated from tb Boston High School and when 21, at the direction of the navy department, he recelvej a special course of instruc tion in ship building, etc., In the Bos ton navy yard. In 1861 he took a trip an carpenter on a ship going from Boston to San Francisco, and entering the Mare Island navy yard there, rose to the position of master shipwright In 1869 he was appointed an assistant naval constructor with the rank of lieutenant. Two years later he waa de tached from duty at Mare Island and ordered to the Portsmouth navy yard. After passing a competitive examina tion at the New York navy yard, in which he distanced all competitors, he "to In 1875 commissioned a naval con structor. He became chief constructor of the navy l:i 1893 and was appointed tor a second term In 1867. Since he firsst entered the navy as an assistant constructor In 1869, his life has been one of uninterrupted ac tivity In the Immediate concerns of our naval vessels. As a government ex pert lie has Inspected the principal navies of Kurope and has made ex haustive reporU on their condition and cttlclency. in 1899 he was promoted to the rank o: rear admiral, and in the same year was elected an honor ary member of the Institute of Naval Architects, then in session In Lon don. A Distinction Rarely Conferred. Among the many hulls designed by Admiral Hlchborn are those of the battleships Iowa, Kearsarge, Alabama, Kentucky, Missouri, Illinois, Wiscon sin and Maine, besides several cruis ers and many gunboats and torpedo boats. So successful has been his work that the various types of his creation are being literally copied by the prin cipal foreign governments. In 1880 he superintended the construction and completion of the monitors Terror, Amphttrlte and Puritan, and it is due to him that two of these vessels were converted from double-turreted moni tors of doubtful utility Into double barbette-turreted coast defense vessels of a very formidable type. These highly efficient barberte-turrets, famil iarly styled "Hlchborn turrets," were unanimously approved by the board of bureau chiefs, and have since been Im proved and perfected and become part of the construction of every turreted vessel of the navy. REAR ADMIRAL PHILIP HICHBORN. Mrs. Emmons Blaine The Chicago Institute, as the aca demic and pedagogic school established by Mrs. Emmons Blaine Is called. Is to become a part of the University of Chicago, as a separate department to be called the Emmons Blaine Fhllosoph- MRS. EMMONS BLAINE, leal and Pedagogic Institute. Thanks to the munificence of Mrs, Emmons Blaine this Institution Is endowed In the sum of of 11,000,000, which Insures its perpetuity. The purpose of tha school is to promote psychological and philosophical Investigation by teachers and to furnish opportunity for mental culture. Beside the advantages it offers teachers, the school has kindergarten and academic branches, and naturt study, domestic economies and man ual training are also taught The founder of this school, Mrs. Em mons Blaine, is a daughter-in-law of the distinguished Maine statesman, James O. Blaine, and a daughter of the late Cyrus McCormlck, of reaper fame. She is a business woman, and has an office in the general offices of her brothers, who are among the fore most business men of Chicago. Her estate amounts to several millions, and she looks after It herself. She has ideas of her own regarding educa tion and the social problems that per plex great thinkers. She believes that text books are a sin and a shame and that examination papers aro the device of the evil one. She believes tbat her servants should be obliged to work only eight hours in a day, and aha believes tbat a rich woman should have brains enough to look after her own property, Mrs. Blaine Is 36 years eld. Confusion Is the enemy of all com fort, and confusion Is bora of pro crastlnatloh.r Amlel. ERIK STATE NEWS CONDENSED PENSIONS GRANTED, Two Boilers and Boiler Hosts Dsmollihsd by Explosion New Glass Plant For Washington Trolley Franchise. Pensions have been granted the fol lowing persons: Hugh Unleher, Ford City. 8; l. V. Wonilorly. Halter, fM; Robert M. Black, Krederliktown, $10; loonldns W. Townsend, Kilmond, H; Klljnh Stratton, Heaver Falls, 10; Conrad 11. Merkle, Cnlioiisliiirg. $H; Franklin Moher, liuncnnnon, $10; Sam uel Miles, Hteelton, f,H; Narun June Itrnnter, H; Itoche! II. Illlmon, Frnnkstown. ; Mary Prlseilln Barry, Punxxutawncy. $12; William C. Ren ouf. Beaver Falls, $12. A spoclnl meeting of the stockholders of the Pennsylvania I'nnul Company has been railed for April 11, nt Phila delphia to perform the lust net lu the life of what was once one of the most Important coteries of transportation lu the state of 1Viiiih,vIviiiiIii. It Is pro posed nt tlm meeting to ndandon the canal In Its entirety forever, It having served lis purpose, long, but now bo lug of no further use to lu owners. A mortgage given by the United Tel ephone anil Telegraph Company of Philadelphia to the Kcpilialile Trust Company of Philadelphia bus been eu torwl lu the recorder's olliee. It Is for $2,hj,imm), nn,i payable January 1, 1031. The revenue stump ou tin mortgage cost $!!)!).r!. This mortsiiKe will be entered lu 311 enmities lu the state In which the company owus prop erty. Anthracite coal has been discovered on the farm of .leremliili Guillen, In Fulton county. The vein was reached nt the deptli of 33 feet. The shaft tilled with water, which lias Impelled progress. The out-cropping of coal aliing the creek hank led to tin laves Hunt Inn. Two hundred neres are mi ller leaxc, uuil It Is said the Heading Hallway has nmdc it bid for the laud. Two toilers nml a boiler house nt an oil well on the Hmitli farm, about two miles east of Washington, owned by .1. A. Anderson, were demolished by nu explosion that Is thiamin to have been caused by miscreant. It Is thought that the explosion was caused by nitroglycerine. The boilers mid boiler bouse were turn to pieces and very little of them remains. II. II. Trask. of Montvllle, O., Is getting rights of way from ('harden to Memlvllle for the Cleveland mid Fast era trolley line, which Is uow lu opera tion to ('harden. The Intervening ills tnnee Is 54 miles. Three other trolley projects are under way connecting Mcatlvllle with Tltusville, CumbrUlge Springs and Oil City. At Liiuglillutown, William Saltx nian's watchdog became rablil ami sprung upon Mr. Sultzmiiu's little daughter, biting off the end of one of her ringers. The uulinal then tinned on Mr. Sultzmuii nml bit lilin on the font. A gun was Keen red uuil the flog shot. It Is feared that the little girl Ik linilly Injured. Ilrownlee Murray, nbout ten'yenrs old, was till ten by a horse at Washing ton, nml grave fears are entertained fur the ehlld's welfare. Some believe that the horse wiih utllleteil with rabies. Tho owner stated that a few days ago the horse was bitten by n dog that neteil strangely. The horse was shot. There are nbout 50 Incorporators, halt' of whom are workmen in the l'lttsbuig Window (iliiss Company, which Is nbout to build ti plant tit Washington. 'I he concern Is capital Izcil nt spluii.ooo, nml the plant will em ploy about 1-0 hands, of whom more than 100 will be skilled men. Mine Inspector C, H. Koss, of the (ireensburg district, has made public his report for the past year. It shows that lu V.IOO there was mi Increase of 1,570.7.11) tons of coal over tho output of l.N!(!. There wiih mi Increase of i!,7!4 pcrsiuw over the number employ ed lu i.v.''.. The Mast furuiice operated nt Sharpsvllle, posted notices nt the dif ferent tu ni aces that mi advance In wages 'of 10 cents a luy would bo granted Immediately. The employes threatened to strike unless their wages were raised. About 75 men nre af fect etl. I'lmis have been drawn by Architect William Kiuifl'man of Pittsburg for the new court house of Westmoreland county. The new structure will be built on the present site. The esti mated cost is $700,000. .Maine granite mid struct uru 1 steel will bo used in t he .supcrst met u fe. At the close of business March 30 the Stale Treasury shows the hand some balance of $5,0'.5,5il0.iil, the larg est for many months. An udvance o $'j:is,j:ill has been made to the mem bers ami employes of the Legislature. Miss Annie I.yle, principal of the Co hockslnk school, Philadelphia, has rounded out a term of 50 years as pub lic school teacher. She was tendered a reception in which all the prominent educators In the city took part. Tho will of Mrs. Mary Maxton, one of tho richest women of Latrobe, has been admitted to probnte. She divides her $100,001) estate between her hus band, Martin It. Maxwell and her daughter, Nellie Parker. George Cbrlsslnger, n wealthy mer chant of Pocahontas, Somerset county, was thrown from a Vicious horse and when he tell ou the ground the horse began stumping him, crushing his skull so that he cannot live. James Anwyl, a druggist of Wilkes bar re, and ouo of tho best known Welsh singers In that section of tho state, was found dead lu bed of heurt disease, aged 34. The boiler lu tho sawmill of William Steen. near Curry, exploded, destroy ing the mill and Injuring the owner. Experimental use Is now being made In the Cumbria Steel Company's works at Johnstown of nu English patent pro cess by which three rails uro rolled at once, instead of one. Joseph Costello, a coal miner, was caught by a full of slate lu the mlues at Baggelev. Ills buck was broken and be sustained other Injuries that will probably cause bis death. Engineers have commenced on the survey of the extension of the West moreland Traction company's lines from Irwin to East Pittsburg to con nect with' Pittsburg lines. (KkfflaiMI VI) Mitttw diuti Vnm i A woman la nick some disease coculiai developing in her system. Sho goes to her I and tells him a story, but not the whole storX She holds back something, loses, her hel tated, forgets what she wants to say, and 4 what sho ought to have told, and this compj the doctor. J Is it a wonder, therefore, that the doctotj disease t Still we cannot blame the woman, barrassing to detail some of tho svmptoais even to her family physician. Tills is in hundreds of thousand of women aro : spondeiice with Mrs. Plukuam, at Ly her thev can cive every symptom, so that w to advise them she is in possession of mom correspondence with the patient than thol possibly obtain through a personal lnterviowi Following we publish a letter from a worn! result of a correspondence with Mrs.i Pinkhar letter) are considered absolutely corf Mrs. Plnkham, and are never puiLishod I manner without the consent in writing hundreds of women are to grateful for j Pinkham and her medicine have been i that thev not only consent to publish write asking that this be done in orj who Buffer may bo benefited by thoil Mrs. Ella Rice, Chelsea, Wt ' DuAn Mrs. Pinkham : For two years t and inflammation of tho womb. I suffered vory pains, headache, backache, and was not able enuureu no one Knows uus inum woo nuv,j tinrillv druir mvself across the floor. I doctorl town for three months and grew worse In ate J and friends wishod mo to write to you, but I hi! clnes. At last I becumo so bad that I conoluJ received an answer at once advising me to tukf and I did ho. He fore I had taken two Itottles II taken five bottles there was no happier woman again. 1 kuow that your Vegetable Compounds KilvUnevnrv woman who suffers as I did to try I table Compound. Believe me always grateful health." Mas. Ella Kice, (.neisea, is. S500Q s siaff inn o.fi Mfcl f nidi yn Ilk Iff l1UU i"i" deposited with tha National City) wki.-h will hm n. iH In antf n rft.nl teitimonial It not genuine, or wl wawTliar aapaciaiperniiBMun. Within f'S liwt twenty years freight rates from and to Entylnmi have decreased from tifty to seventy-live per cent. Drugs have their tue, bnt don't store thetn In your atomfteh. Iieoman's I'opaln Gura aid nature to perform ita function-. Switzerland lias 123 schools for girla. Domestic science and gardening are auioug the branclm taught. OOOOrOr0HttHOO( 1 Beware of Them S There are two afflictlone whlck $ V pe.rhe.pa give tbe moat pa J a V X and trouble, via: Y I Sciatica ' i 5 si K I Lumbago X Sotb disable and cripple, v 1 St Jacobs Oil 1 X Is their beat cure. - S DON'T GET WET! THE ORIGINAL mm OILED CLOTHING VS IllUSf .IKcepYoulty V. lllllUL III.UUII.I. iAf ho xjMTrnrrtj. look ron wovt trass nam. umalosucs rsec I3howirgnjll Llns of Qnrmcntt anf HnUI I filth tll'I Is aAinuf nier.'watv. l'ujn Pal lock) imloruiisr'y lied I Bhermt. Is u Klcantj high unu which wal hot o( the Rock) ii the La ram li ktntlon called I Bhermt. "nit place for trains on tic railway. Near U ' pyramid of stone, 001 fx l feet square at the set tip by the railways a. n inonmncut to Dukes Aimes andrOll. ver Alines, j In the Inter elahtles there arrived nt Shcrinnn a shabby person of melan choly abject, who put up a "shack" WesterH for shantynot far from the inomimciVt. Ostensibly be was pros pecting, and he continued to prospect for thrco years without accomplishing any results, so fnr as could be observ cd. At the eud of that period tho mi DKciuent ot the Uulon Puclilc recei- rrom ii'in a communication demad the lul lvillnto removal of the ni im-nt from the premises, wblei claimed as his under the bomei law. . v The msttt was reearded In-. morous Uku t first, but subse proceeding 'eloped the fact t lawyers q onf mV the suattcr.. "case, located not belop same sod had, by He knew ver and the upsl. the railway h, squatter's trs title good. 8a From Russia ( printed paper is ltrltalu to the s 70,000 pounds. also received In f; from Itussla. There la-un a, acres near Chm proprietor is re; moucy. The Columbia! dlfin Rocky Moun ot at least loo g(l r. It seems laud whli n Pscltl When taken a Garfield Headache to cure quickly e It is unusual to ' barrulees. 4 Moat firls why men ia J as they do is i !tewRe)t-Ie4 Constipation as remedy. Mode f Uo. NeuroUce) I Some K I ether sua i 1
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers