LIBERIA, OUR FIRST MY. Life in ib African Republic Which Was Founded by American Aid Societies HARDSHIPS THAT BESET NEWCOMERS. With the Inception of a colonial policy by the United State the con dition of onr first foreign colony hns taken on now intercut. The Ropublio of Liberia wan founded and governed by the colonization SQcicties, an ar rangement which might have contin tied indefinitely had not Great Britain! raised the (mention of sovereignty in connection with a dispute ovor bound aries. The Government of the Ur.itcd Htatos having refused protection, the Liberians were advisod to declare their independence, which they did in 1917. Liberia has thns completed j A CLEARING IS THE half centnry of self-government, and as the orderly oourse of events has been broken by but a single brief civio disturbance, tbe record in this respect is admitedly good. It is not, however, because of the efficiency of the Government, but rather on account of the peaceful and law-abiding ten donuies of the citizens, that life and property are unexpectedly secure. Liberia is an agricultural commun ity of about 20,000 colonists from America and dascendants of such. This meager civilized population is not, however, centered at any one poitt, bnt is scattered in'nnmerous Hottlements along 800 miles of coast line. Thero are no cities in any proper Bense of the word, and nearly the entire population is engaged in EXECUTIVE MANSION AT JIOSBOVIA. farming. ' The oapital is Monrovia, email settlement. All the farmers own the land they onltivate, and many buve valuable estates. The coffee plantations of the St. Paul's Bivor region of Liberia wonld, -indeed, be a revelation to many. The plauter'r house is usually of brick, two stories high and with wide veran das, at least in front. Inside it is -comfortably and sometimes luxurious' ly furnished, and the owner prides himself, perhaps, that he has aohieved in Africa property and sooial status equal to that in Amerioa. There are not, however, any really rich men in Liberia. It is doubtful whether fortune of more than $10,000 has ever been accumulated there. Each col onist has had to begin with little or. usually, with nothing, and his pres . ent prosperity is in nearly every case the result of his own industry. There MONROVIA, THE CAPITAL, FROM THE HARBOR. are no opportunities for men to grow xioh from speculation or by rue of land values. Very little land ie sold, the new arrivals being ton poor to buy, while improved property is sel dom alienated from the family. The Government provides emigrants with land free of charge, Bnt it will not do to eontinne this recital of faots favorablo to Liberiu without admitting and explaining tho 'popular adverse opinion on the sub ject. The well-informed reader has -noticed before this an entire discrep ancy with the frequently published reports of returning emigrants. Their narratives are usually exaggerated, and often incoherent, but iu the main true. Liberia resembles the bouse planned by a famous FrenoU novelist. It was a success in all particular save one there was uo doorway, no stair case. Between the penniless emigrant and prosprrons farmer there is, in deed, a gulf fixed, in the shape of four or fire years of semi-starvation, sick ness and difficulties of all sorts. The climate, the soil, the crops, the food, and even the cookery, are new. The emigrant starves by refusing or makes himsolf ill by attempting to eat im- ! proporly prepared native foods which in the right condition are both nour ishing and palatable. He tries rancid palm oil and goes back to imported butter at seventy-five cents a pound, until his money is exhausted. Ho wastes his time planting his crops at LIBEIUAN FOREST. the wrong season or in the wrong way. He pays extortionate prices and is perhaps completely fleecod by those who are willing to "take the stranger in." To send the colonist to Liberia is manifestly but the first step in the process of colonization. Those who managed the work in the earlier days understood this and acted accord ingly, bnt after an independent Gov ernment had been set up and prosper ity seemed assured, the careful man agement so necessary to such an enterprise was withdrawn. The paradox has agaiu come true, for colonization was abandoned on account of its success. Recent efforts should be called emigration or de portation merely, the essential idea of colonization being absent. De portation has failed. It is worse than foolish to expect the inexperienced emigrant to take up single-handed the conquest of the tropical forest in the face of the difficulties of pioneer life in Africa. Unusual endurance or some exceptional fortune may bring him through, but tbe chances are mostly against him. The battle with the fever and the forest is too long. Five years of suffering, starvation and homesickness mean a deterioration whioh snbsequent prosperity can searcely atone for, even if the colon ist's family is spared by death. Colonization means the partial re moval of these difficulties, and the snooess whioh attended early efforts of the kind is an indication of what might be expeoted if the resources of modern civilization were brought to bear upon the problem. It is at least certain that Liberia could offer oppor tunities considerably superior to those boing eagerly sought by Europeans in the African eolonios of the various powers. Indeed, Liberia is already in advance of any of these colonies, if we interpret the signs aright. There is more coffee under cultivation, and there are more good farms owned and managed by negroes than in any other pari oi tropical Arrloa. There are more good houses, more intelligent people, more churches and more sohools, and, while the aggregate is yet infinitesimal compared with Eu ropo or America, it constitutes the most favorable nuoleus of civilization to be found iu tropical Africa. To attempt to arouse excitement and stir up an exodus of American negroes would be to invite disaster ou a large scale. The negro can honestly be ad' vised only to stay where he is until he has far better assurance of safety than can now bo giveu him. The impor taut point is that the supposed failure of colonization during the last half oentnry failure is not a demonstration of the existence of any insurmountable obstacles in the way of furnishing home in Africa for those who fiud themselves unoomfortable here. An argument offered for the employ' ment of prisoners in building roads it that tbe fear of such publio degrade' tion will deter from the commission of petty orimes, and will lessen the in cursion of tramps into a community. OF SANTIAGO. .arah J Knnla Is Colored Trained Snrte With fine Uncord. Rarah 3. Ennis is one of theheroinea of the war. Bhe went to Hantiago as contract nurse on the l'ith of July, 1808, and is still employed in the gen eral hospital in that city, nnder Bur geon Carr. She has never been ill minnte, has never been off duty a day since she arrived there, and at one time at El Caney had 110 sick and wounded soldiers under her charge. Only one of them died. All of her superior officers and associates, as well as her patients, speak in the highest terms of her skill, her energy and de votion. Mrs. Ennis is a colored woman, a nativojof Santa Cm, West Indies, and is now twenty-nine years old. Bhe came to this country w ith her hns band, who was a steward ou the ill- fated steamship Elbe of the North German Lloyd Company, which went to wreck several years ago on the coast of Ireland. After his death shu en tered the school for trained nurses MRS. KXXIB, THE SANTIAGO NVRB. connected with tho Freedman's Hos pital for colored people in Washington, and graduated from that institution iu April, 1808. From that time until she went to Santiago in July she was em ployed as a nurse in some of the best families of Washington. Dnte rnlma For Arlznnn. The most expert pathologist of the Agricultural Department, Dr. Zwin gle, is now in Morocco on a mission which the department hopes will launch a new and profitable industry in the most arid sections of our Month' west. It has been found that date palms, with some irrigation, will grow as well in Arizona as in Arabia. Early Mormon settlers in the Territory nroved this many years ago, but tbe trees were not of the best variety, and date growing never developed as an industry. Tbe Agricultural Department has prepared to push the experiment on an extensive scale. Dr. Zwingle is making a close study of the Africau date palm, selecting the finest vane ties and those best adapted to onr arid region. These young trees will be carefully shipped to Arizona, where they will be planted and cared for un der the close supervision of tbe de parttnent's experts. The plants will cost the department about $5eaohlaid down in Arizona. Aow Xork Tress. Baseball Publics Takes Ita Own Risks. It has been recently decided by the Distriot Court at Minneapolis, Minn. that a person attending a baseball game assumes the risk of getting hurt, and cannot recover from the manager for injuries sustained. The point arose in a suit against Manager Comiskey for an injury to Don Camp bell at Lexington Park in July. 1887. Campbell was accidentally struok in the eye by a batted ball aud made ill thereby. The jury was out less than an hour and found for the defendant. Law Notes. A Sign For tho Faaaengara. Nailed to the side of a suburban railway station not fifteen miles from the City Hall is the following ludi crous notice: "Passenger desireing to take train will please show yourself bo that the engineer oau see them in ample time to stop the train." New York Mail and Express. Tho Tarklah Yaeumk. This is the yasmak worn by ladies of the Turkish harem, a veil designed to hide all save the dangerous 'dark eyes of Oriental women. European infiueuce has so worked upon the fem inine mind in the East that by slow de grees the yasmak has grown more and more gauzy as the years passed until I'BB DABBM VEIL. to-day it is transparent enough to re veal the smoothness of a woman's brow, the red of her lips and the white of her perfect teeth. It is an extreme' ly coquettish face oovering and is said to be In great favoi among Ujusuuu- nople belles. A HEROINE 'fell Latest Crai In London. The monogram glove is the latest craze in London and baa Just reached America. It cannot be called a pretty fashion, but as it is decreed to be the A MONOOBAM OLOVB. thing, the thing it will certainly prove to be. Gloves made to order with monograms are devoid of stitch ing, and the monogram is embroidered in the centre of the back of the hand. Those which are purchased from stock and then embroidered have the monogram set between the thumb seam and first row of stitching, and others have it plncod on the wrist below the stitching. This latter po sition is not altogether a very advan tageous one, as a glove usually wrin kles bo much at the wrist that the monogram is apt to lose its promi nence and the small amount of beauty it might otherwise possess. The most popular if the new fad may be said to be popular so soon are the self-colored embroidered monograms. Those decorations are so striking, even in self-coloring, that few will be brave enough to hazard so striking a contrast as white or black, or vice versa. French reporter (lot Ills Htory. This is how a reporter in France gained admission to the palace there while the late President Faure was awaiting burial. All the reporters who came to tbe palace were denied admission, and a stony-hearted doorkeeper was there to see that they didn't get iu. Thev advanced all sorts of argu ments, as reporters generally do, but the doorkeeper was immovable. He said be bad his instructions, and these were that none but Ambassadors should be admitted. Now there is in Paris a music hall called "Les Ambassadeurs," and one of tho reporters who wanted to gain admission remembered when he beard the doorkeeper repeat these instrnc- ticns that he happened to have a pass for this music ball in his pocket. He pulled it out and found it read: "Les Ambassadeurs, Entree Libre." This he passed to the doorkeeper, who, after officially bowing and scraping, openod the door and allowed him to pass in. Inch shows that the French news paper man is not very many miles behind his American brother. New York World. . An Experiment For the Boys. Ton can bore a holo through a pin without any latho or other machine. All you need is a needle, two corks, a bottle and two pocket knives. Fit one of the corks firmly into the ueok of the bottle and cut a V-shaped notch in the top. Stick a pin iu the cork near the top, bo that it passes through EOniNfl A HOLE THROUGH A PIN. the notch. In the bottom of tho other cork force the eye end of the needle, so that it is held firmly in place. Open the two pocket knives and stick the blades into tho cork so that they bal ance each other. Then place the point of the needle on tbe pic, and as soon as it is well balanced a breath of air on one of the knives will make it revolve. Continuo blowing whenever it goes too slowly. At first the needle's hard point will make a slight impres sion ou tbe pin, gradually working its way through nntil a clean hole is bored as perfectly as any lathe could have done it. This interesting ex periment requires patience and care ful handling, nothing more. When you show the other boys the pin, bored like a needle, they will wonder how you managed to do it, New York Sun. Galpg Eighty Ml lee lie fore llrenkfaat. The Boston Herald publishes this extract from a private letter describ ing the Fans automobiles: "We went to Fontainebleau, five in tbe party, for breakfast, forty miles iu three hours, and suoh a ride. We came back by a longer route, forty-eight miles, in the same time, through the forest at suu set aud along the Seine in the moon light. Fanoy gciug eighty miles for breakfast aud enjoying it that is eighty miles by road. I have always detested automobiles, but lor quick traveling they beat everything I haVe ever tried. Of oourse, you know they bare the Automobile coupes and vlo- torla in th nets here. I mean tbe public ones, at tLe same tariff as the ether carriage! ' . PEARLS OF THOJCHT. Only the living lead. Bigotry is not loyalty. Love turns duty into delight. Uso of sense makes no one poorer. Manhood is the greatest profession. Meditation ie a tonio for poor mem ory. , Truth is the goal of human aspira tion. Love Is the mainspring of the blessed life. Home men are long headed and nar row hearted. Love's debts can only be paid iu love s coinage. Men drift because the engines of the wilt lie idle. The education of a villain will only give society more villains. Hypocrisy is the gift of virtue used iu the adornment of vice. Understanding is the scale of thought where all ideas are weighed. Better be true nt the bottom, than false at the top of the ladder. It is not right to sacrifice your prin ciples to save another's feelings. One tnlont men are needed most, Localise they are in the majority. Thoro are not many better cables in a storm than a mother's aprou strings. lhemindof a wise man is like a good gun; it has both loug range aud a good nun. Keep tho fire of zeal under tho boil ers of patience, and you will run the engine of high purpose. llnm'e Horn. DANIEL BOONE'S QUEER DREAM. It Led Hint to the Finding of It la Coin- lianlon'e skeleton In n llnllnw Tree, At Ash Grove, in Green county, Mo., lives an interesting descendant of the famous Kentucky hunter,l)auiel Boone Mrs. Nellie Boone Frazer, one of the early settlers of that part of the comity. The Booties wont to Green county about fifty years ago and formed a settlement near the present site of Ash Grove. When that part of the county was organized into a township it was named Boone in lion or of one of the sons of the great ex plorer of the Kentucky wilderness. Mrs. Frazer is now eighty-three yours old, but one of the most vivacious of the pioneer women of southwest Mis souri. Mrs. Frazer snys that her grand father was a firm believer iu dreams, and tells n singular circumstance in connection with the hunter's career in Kentucky which led the pioneer to nttiieh more importance to the sug gestiuns that came to him iu sleop, In one of his explorations in the wil derness of Kentucky, Boone lost i companion. They had separated one day while hunting, and the mnn til not return to the place selected in the morning for their camp. The hunter supposed at first that his associate had pursued game too far for his re turn that night, or that the man had gut lost iu the pathless forest. The next morning Boone began to bun for the missing man and searched the wood hour after hour without finding any trace of his friend. 1' inally, com' ing to the conclusion that the man had been killed by IndiaiiB or become tbe prey of some wild beast, Boone left that part of the country and went back to the settlement. Bnt he could never entirely give up tbe thought of find ing some trno of the lust hunter. It weighed ii ou his mind with strange persistence. Several years after the disappear snce of the huutor, Boone wont back to the woods where he had parted from his friend. One night while sleeping at his camp tire he dreamed of fiuding a skeleton aud a gun in big hollow tree. Xhe dream was so vivid that when the huuter awoke h still bad a distinct mental picture of the tree and its surroundings, aud be lieved be could go to the spot. The huuter lay awake the rest .of tho night thiuking about his dream. aud as soon as daylight came started out iu the direction his thoughts had taken when asleep. Tho woods seemed familiar, as be bad seen them in h dream, aud tbe huuter walked c briskly, guided by the impression the sleeping vision had left. He found the big hollow tree as he had seen it in bis sleep, and lookin into the large cavity near the gronn discovered a complete human skeleton and au old, rusty fliutlock rifie. The fulfilment of the dream was so perfect that the hunter always believed that he was guided in this, way to the re mains of his friend. He supposed that bis companion got lost iu the. woods, aud when night overtook him crawled into the hollow tree to sleen aud there died from some disease. Had the In- diuns killed the man they would have takeu bis gun. Ralutlng n Phonograph. It will be remembered that Queen Victoriu spoke a message of friend ship and good will to the Emperor Menelek, of Abyssinia, after the recent victory iu the Soudan. The message created a marked impression ou His Majesty. The royal words were de livered on a Sunday, the phonograph working excellently. The toues ot Her Majesty's voice were reproduced with remarkable clearness, and Mene lek was so pleased that nothing would satisfy him but to hear the message at least a dozen times. First he would listen to the words as they oame from the trumpet of the phonograph, and then he would, use the ear tubes. When his curiosity aud delight had beeu satisfied, he relapsed into solemn silence, and ordered the royal salute and remained standing while seven- teeu gnus were fired. Menelek him self has tried to Bend a message by the phonograph, so that he appreciates the difficulty of securing a satisfactory record. tfSIH STATE NEWS HUD STATUE UNVEILED. Honor Dons to the Memory of Oen. Hartranfl t Harrltburg A Reunion ot Survivors . Held Mrs. Hsrtranft Present. The equestrian statue of Major General John F. Hartranft In Capitol ark, Hnnisbuig, was unveiled wlih mpresslve ceremonies last Friday af ternoon In the presence of a large con course of people. These exercises were followed by a parade, In which tne sur- Ivors of the Third division or tne Ninth nrmy rorps, commanded by len. Hartranft, In the civil war, had he right of line. Following a reunion f the survivors of the Fifty-first regi ment, Pennsylvania volunteers, of which Hartranft was colonel, the old oldlers inarched to the executive mansion to pay their respects to Mrs. Inrtranft and her two sons .and nughtirs, who are the guests of Gov- rnor nnd Mrs. Stone. The following pensions were Issued lriHt week: John M. Klnael, Blair, IS; leorge V. Lower, Hoycr, Hlnlr, 18 to 10; Jnnies C. Turner, Canton, Brad ford. 10 to 14: Joel 8. Crosby, Branch, Westmoreland, $8 to 110: Oscar H. ,ove, Canton, Bradford. $8 to 18; Ar- thnmer Ames, Garwood, fl to $10: ohn C. I.ca, New Alexandria, IS to 10; William Keller, Johnstown, $10 to $11!; Ardrny H. Travis, ilellevue, $8 to $S; George n. Bnlvely, Shady Grove, $8 to III): Mary I. Morton, Pittsburg. 8; Hachel Btuhl, Omberg, $8; Penlna Myers. Huntingdon, $8; Husun M. Hoover, Chnrlcrol. $8: Mary Ann Brady, Darrugh, $12; John Dull, Mr Keesport, $8 to $10; Jeremiah Klap, dead, Hlllsvlew, Westmoreland $2 to Reuben H. Mcljulston, Slippery Bock, $fl; Jnm-s Heffner, Cipher, Bed ford, $6 to $10; Lewis Dutrow, Howses- llle, Franklin, $8 to $12; John Zele, Washington, $8 to $10; Jean H. Breyne, Pittsburg, $8 to $12: J. A. Hall, Harnfr, Farmers Valley, McKean, $6 to $S; Joslah It. Barton, Pleasant Valley, Juniata, $8 to $12; Humuel Dovls, Loys burg, Bedford, $8 to $12; Nicholas Bchleld, Wllllamsport, $8 to $12; Thomas Herd, Washington, $ to $8; Thomas L. Jones, Ebenstiurg, $10; John Acklcy, Video, Greene, $8 to $8; Biimuel M. Til brook, Allegheny, $8 to 18; Kllen Hesley. Mann, Fulton, $8; Hllzelieth A. Marquis. New Wilming ton, $8; George Murphy (dead), Sum mit Hill, $2; Augustus Hchnnrs, Klp- U $8; Joel Clark, Geneva, $0; George V. Ban lik, Green Spring, $8; Michael ft. Dunkle, Kerrsvllle, $6; Uriah Bowl-. ng, Haynle, $12; Anderson Hnmmlll (dead), New Castle, $30; Crossman Humpleaon, Milan, $17: Francis M. Baldwin, Canton, $17: Peter 8. Llndal, New Castle, $10; George Wolborn, To nnnda, $14; Alfred Ripley, Marshfleld, 18; George W. Bnrkly. Hulnsburg, $8; Mursham Fox, Bradford, $8; Mary A. Hummlll, New Castle, $12. Charles Dowden was being tried at Greensburg a few days ago on th chnrge of attempting to burn a part ot the village of New Alexandria. It was alleged that he was not mentally siiuml, and an argument was advanced by his attorneys that he was subject to epileptic tits. The prosecution did not give much credence to the claim. ind made out a strong rose against the prisoner. Just as the prosecuting at torney, Mr. (Jgden, finished his side ot the case, the prisoner was stricken with Miasms. The Judge, Jury and lawyers were greatly agitated. Dowden was finally revived, and his lawyers, be lieving that his allllction as Just wit nessed was sufllclent evidence, would not otter further evidence. The Judge's charge was brief, and the Jury, In a few minutes, returned .with a verdict Df acquittal. Joseph Moser of RIttannihg Point was stabbed twice the other night by a oelghbor, Willard Vaughn, In an alter-' ?atlon about the use of a bridle path. Moser was trespassing on the path which crosses the ground owned by Vaughn, after being warned not to do so. Vaughn attacked Moser, with a large pocketknlfe, and stabbed htm on the right side of his neckthen near the heart. Moser la In the hospital In a critical condition, and Vaughn has escaped. The trained horse owned by Logan Smith, proprietor of the Commercial hotel of New Castle, died a few days ago. It was the oldest horse In the I 'lilted States, so far as known, being 44. For some ten years It had no teeth and was kept alive on a kind of mush. In Its younger days It could climb stulrs, walk on Its hind feet, waits and keep time to music and do other wonderful tricks. An accident at the Centralta Col liery, at Ontralln a few days ago, re sulted In the death t-f four men and the fatal Injury of two cuhers. The killed are: James Uuughlln, 35 years; John Koko, 30; Joseph Cancheck, 43; John Comyocli. SO. Sixteen men were em ployed removing dirt from a culm bank, which was about 75 feet high, and were caught under a lurge portion of the bnnk which fell. While Imitating Buffalo Bill throw ing a Iiihso, Frank Beaumont, aged 11 years, threw his lusso at a Heading engineer, who was leaning out of the cub window at Chester. The boy had fustened one end of the ropo around his wuist, Tlte loop fell over the engineer, and us tbo train moved forward the rope waa pulled taut and Beaumont was drawn under the car wheels fu.nl crushed to death. Harriet Jackson, aged 23 years, com mitted suicide at Towanda the other day by swullowing seven grains of strychnine. The young woman had been arrested for forging her mother's name to a check, and It was while seated at a table opposite the constable who made the arrest that Bhe placed the poison In her mouth, stating It was for headache, in 20 minutes she was dead. Levi Brlnser, of Steelton, while go ing through the slab mill of the Pennsylvania Steel Company one day last week, had his head cut from his body by the lurge wheel of the big en gine In that mill. The engineer started the engine Just as Mr. Urlnser had his bead between the large wheel. He was married, had four chlMren and was 45 J Yenra old. vera, tne o-year-oid daughter Mr. and Mrs. Vance Tlndall, died Hnchester a few days ago from the el J efJ fects of burns. The child hud beei burning papers and her dress caughu. rier granumomer, Mrs. nnarir, in ef forts to save the child's life, was also' badly bprned. Her recovery la doubt ful. The Galena Gold Mining Company, of the United States and Canadu, has boen chartered under the laws of tho Dominion of Canada, with a capital stock of lUM.OOO. Among the directors are: Mayor J. J. McCrum and Dr. J. A. Todd, of TltusvlUe, Five members of the family of Charles Hawthorn, a few miles east of Sharon. Pa., were made seriously III by eating horse radish, which U sup posed to have contained some vege table poison. Harry Grahlll. aged 22, a brakeman on the Pennsylvania rallroud, hail both legs ground otT at Altoona a few days ago. He was putting on a brake when the brake chain broke, throwing him to the track.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers