Subscription $1.60 ptr year, or $1.00 f paid fricf in advance. V. A. UTRPMKNftOtV, Rdllnr and fllbv WEDNESDAY. OCTOBER ft. 1898. DOYOU wt worKat If you do you must have good eye eight. If your eyes trouble you in any way cal nt Hoffman's Optical Parlor and have them examined and .clasBes fitted to correct the trouble. Examination free Glares at reasonable prices U. F. HOFFMAN, The Optician. fl Little of Everything. "There Is n f nrnier who Is V Y Enniivh to Hike his K.K And study nutiire with his II Anil think nfwhnt helV. lie hi'tira the chillier of the .11 As they i-iii'h other TT And sees Hint when n In 1KK It nmkes a home for Hit. A yoke of oxen he will IT. With many hnws mid lit. And their mistake he will XM When plowing for his PI. He little buys, hitt nnn-li he sells. And then-fore little t)t. And when he hoes his soil hy spells He Also soils his hose." Guns at Riston's. , Town council meets this evening. The New Klondyke hat at Mtllirons, Try a Bon Ton home-made mince pie. ' Watch repairing a specialty at Good- er's. Special trimmed hats at Flo. Best's October 28 and 20. New millinery at Flo. Boat's. Com' pare goods and prices. Have you subscribed anything to the drinking fountain fund ? Men's Bhoea of every description, . more styles than ever at RoblnBon's. We have a Village Improvement As soclatlon. Look for clean stroets, &o. Officials of the B., R. & P. R'y were at this place on a special train Friday. Dr. A. H. Bowser has moved Into his new office near his Main street residence, Ladle's shoes, with flexible welt solos, just the kind for fall and winter. Rob inson's. W. G. Campbell had a lipoma, or fat ty tumor, removed from his back Sunday. The Brockwayvllle Record has chang- ed its day of publication from Friday to Thursday. Miss Annie Williams, of Cloe, will have charge of Miss McKee's store in her absence. The heavy rain last night was badly needed, it come In time to prevent a water famine. x C. R. Hall Is in town getting the room ready for the new hardware store of Hall & Barton. McDonald's log train is piling up the logs In the Sandy Lick creek above and below the iron bridge. Che8tnutting parties are now in order. It is reported that chestnuts will be plentiful this year. Come and hear the graphophone talk and sing and hear it play muslo of all kinds at Gooder's jewelry store. Seventy-three feet of iron fence for ale. For particulars inquire at the bank of Seeley, Alexandoj & Co. The Punxsutawney Av entered its fourteenth year last week. The Xewt is now an exoellent paper, it improves with age. The Reynoldsville ball club was de feated in a game with the Brockway vllle olub at the latter place Thursday. Score 9-1. Miss McKee, of Rathmel, will teach a night school in the room over her store. All persons wishing to attend will meet Monday evening, Oct. 10th. For the first time since tbo water works were put in the town, the supply became so low that it was necessary to shut the water off the past three nights. "A Night Out" company from this place that gave an entertainment in the Marlio opera house at Brook ville Thurs day night, was greeted with fair-sized audience. i The Ladies Village Improvement As sociation of Reynoldsville will meet in Stake's hall the first Thursday of each month at 2.00 o'clock P. iiv Next meet log October 6th. The "Pirate" foot ball team of this plaoe drove to Brookville Saturday and , played a team at that place. The "Pi rates" won by score of 17-0. Our boys were well pleased with the treatment reoelved at Brookville. L. E. Graham, who run a green gro cery In the Evans' block, has gono to new ileitis. Tuesday, October 11th, Is the day of the Grand Knighta Templar parade I Pittsburg. It is expected that 25,001) Knights will be in line. U. J. Corwln, the photographer, will go to Pittsburg next week to attond tho Conclave and his gallery will be loscd during the week. Fresh oysters received at Clark's res- taut-ant, near postofflco, every Tuesday Thursday and Saturday. Fresh oysto crackers always on hand. David Hetrk-k, who has gained quite a reputation among his neighbors as weather profit, says we will have line weather most all of this month. The board of directors of the tteyn oldavlllo Water Company re-organised Monday. George Melllnger was re elected president and M. Mi. Dwvls. Esq., secretary. DhvM B. Moore, of Rcechwood brought a load of unusually largo pump kins to town ono tiny lust week and retailed them out to lovers of the pumpkin pin. Tlu-lr average weight was alxnit fifty pounds. A letter was received from Walter D. Williams last night from Pnrto Rico. It was too lute for publications this week. They encountered a big storm at sea while on tho trip to Porto Rico, The boys are all well. There has not been enough money raised yet to pnrchaso and put in the fountain at the corner of Main and Fifth streets, but the solicitors are still at work. Something over $200.00 has been raised and It will cost MOO.OO, Sunday morning D. M. Dunsmore's cow attempted to swallow a large apple and it stuck In her windpipe. An unsuccessful attempt was made to get the apple out and the cow died Monday morning. The body was cremated yes terday. J. M. Dunn and wlfo, J. A. Myers and wife and daughter, Miss Edna, Mrs. E. Porter, Miss Lizzie Porter and Mrs. W. II. Moore, drove to Corsica last Thursday to attend a reunion of the members of the Presbyterian congrega tion at that place. The "High School Bulletin" is a new feature added to The Stab this week. The column will be edited by members of the school. The editors elected for the ensuing two months are as follows Editor-in-chief, Will Smith, '1M; Assist ant editor, Elvle S. Coleman, '1)1); Local editor, Alda B. McEntlro, '(). The Home Missionary Society of the Clarion Presbytory holds a convention in DuBois to-day and to-morrow. Mrs. J. A. Myers is tho delegate from the Reynoldsville Presbyterian society. A number of other ladies from this place are attending the convention. Rev. W. F. Reber will preside at the convention to-morrow evening. On the morning of the 28th of Son tember, 1844, just fifty-four years ago last Wednesday morning, there was from 16 to 18 inches of snow on tho ground. There had been a cold rain all the day before and during the night tho snow fell. Mr. Niniaa Cooper, who was among the number that was sur prized to see the deep snow, says it soon disappeared under the September sun We have been Informed that everv Sunday the weather is favorable that squads of men and boys Dlav cards and gamble in plain sight of the Soldier Run bridge at Tenth street, and In other places about town, and that un less It is stopped information will be made against the parties, as they are known, ir these chaps are .wise thoy will stop this open violation of the law. The gas was shut off Sunday to make some necessary repairs on the main pipe line. It made matters a little incon venient for people who depend entirely on gas for fuel. A few people tried to cook dinner with wood and their pesky stoves refused to do anything but smoke As a result the occupants were almost smoked out of their homes and a few tempers were ruffled. The gas was shut off a few hours yesterday forenoon. A half drunken Hungarian started after a Bmall English-speaking boy at Proscottvllle Saturd dently with the intention of doing him 1 bodily harm, and tho boy started down the R. & F. C. track toward the coke ovens, with the Hun in hot pursuit. An older brother of the lad happened to be along the railroad at a place where the two were passing and when he saw the pair he gathered some good sized stones and began to bombard the Hun garian, resulting in a rapid retreat of the latter with a few bruises caused by the true aim of the young American. Bing &, Co., dry goods merchants, ave started a ladles' coat, suit and ressmaklng establishment in connec tion with tbolr store. The room back of the First National bank is used for this new department Joseph Feicht and Miss Graoe Myers are doing the work la the coat and suit department and first-class dressmaker from Pitts burg, who has had years of experience, will be here this week to take charge of the dressmaking department. There is no doubt but that the ladies of Reyn olds vllle will appreciate Bing & Co. 'a efforts to give them the privilege of a flrst-ehua tailoring establishment. Will Open AnotherRoom. A special meeting of the school boat- will bo hold Friday evening to mak arrangements to open another room in the public school building. The crowd ed condition of some of the rooms makes this necessary. There are now twelve roomsopen. The additional room will be one of the basement rooms. Helping Hand Social. The Helping Hand Sootetj of the M E. church held a social at the parsonage lust night. It was n surprise on Dr, Rumbergor and wlfo. Tho Indies gavo Mrs. Rumberger a reclining chair as a present. The Helping Hand ladles carried refreshments with them, such as chicken, bread and butter, cake, lee cream and other dainties. The husbands of the Indies were Invited to be present. It was a very pleasant alTal Thrown off a Wagon. Geo. Hughes, proprietor of the whole sale liquor house, had a nnrrow escnpo from at lenst serious injury Saturday. Mr. Hoghca was driving one of his do livery wngons and one nf the front wheels dropped into a gully and ho was thrown off the spring seat and fell between tho horses. Fortunntly for him tho team was not disobedient for thev stunned just before tho hind wheel of tho heavy wagon caught his body. Mr. Hitches' right arm was badly bruised. Didn't Draw a Crowd. "Dnrlng exposition of spiritualistic, frauds and mysteries," was what Dr teller advertised to do at the entertain ment in tho opera house Monday even ing, but even this sensatlonul announce ment did not draw a big crowd and the door receipts were not what the Doctor expected. He did some very clover tricks and then explained to tho audi eneo how they were performed. Doctor got two young men on tho stage whom ho hypnotized and they furnished plen ty of amusement for the audience. Woolen Mill at Brookville. Work was begun Monday on the erec tion of a large woolen mill In the suburbs of Brookvlllo, near the old Y on the A. V. R'y east of Brookvlllo sta tion. The building Is to be Mix 130 foet. two stories high, with a basement ell 40x1.10 feet. It Is to bo built of brick. Tho building is to be completed In sixty days. James V. Young, of Roynolds- ville, has the contract to put up build ing. This mill Is to be equipped with the latest Improved machinery. George W. Sykes, of Reynoldsville, and Levi Heldrlek, of Brookville, are building tho mill. New Officers. L. G. Lltlle was deputized to install the officers in Reynoldsville Lodge No, 824, I. O. O. F., and the following were accordingly Installed by him Saturday night: Noblo Grand, Roman E. Kooh lor; Vlco Grand, M. E. Weed; Treas., T. E. Evans; R. S. N. G., WtUon Gross; L. S. N. G James Orr; R. 8. V. G., L. G. Lldle; L. S. V. O., Duvld Hoffner; Warden, W. R. Rood; Contl., Gustaf Herald; O. G., F. F. Schurlg; I. G., John McPherson; R. 8. S., John David son; Chap., Philip Koehler. James M Moore was elected representative to Grand Lodge. Another Reservoir. It is the Intention of the Revnolds- ville Water Company to build another large reservoir. Mr. Melllnger made a survey yesterday for it. Tho rosorvoir will be 20 feet deep, 220 foet wide and will extend back 1.300 feet.. This reservoir alono will hold enough water to supply the town for sixty days. The water has been scarce tho past summer and sometimes the pumper has been compelled to pump water when the supply was so low that the water would be riled by the pumping. With the additional reservoir there need be no trouble on account of the water getting low or riled during the summor months. Disgraceful Affair. A disgraceful affair occurred at a West Reynoldsville house Mondav night. A woman and a girl, whom we understand were Intoxicated. Quarrelled and the girl hit the woman on the head with a water pitcher. The woman came over into this borough about midnight with nothing on but her night dress and a pair of slippers. Afterwards she returned to West Rovnoldavillo and whtppod the girl shamefully, knocked nor aown, jumped on hor and would have killed her had not others Intor- ferred. There was some joalousy back of the trouble. The woman was taken to her home In Corsica before davlltrht Tuesday morning. High School Orchestra. The High School Orchestra met at the Star building club room on Frldav evening last and reorganized for the season of 181)8-9 by electing the follow ing officers: Musical Director, Prof. Richard Ramsey; Leader, D. H. Young; Ass't Leader, Robert Davidson; Sec retary and Business Manager. W. J. Weaver; Treasurer, F. P. Alexander. By-laws will bo formed and the or chestra will ho conducted this season on strictly business plans. It will furnish music for all school entertainments, and also any outside entertainment during its services at reasonable rates. Parties doslrlrig to engage it can be furnished particulars by applying to the Business Manager. Riot on "Poverty Flat." "Poverty flat" has become noted and notorious on account of the bad deeds performed there and the number of cases the "flat" furnishes for every term of court. Last count "Mag" Bash and Carrie Swlurs were convicted for keep ing bawdy houses on the "flat" and Judge Reed suspended sentence until next term of court with the understand ing tli at if the women moved out of the county before nest term that they would not be sent for. "Mag" Bash took the hint and' Silted last week, but Carrie S weirs did not move last week. and as a consequence the "flat" will fur- nisn another case for tho December term of court. Saturday nlirht oltrht or ten young fellows from this plnco, wont to tno "Hat andi prnceedod to conduct themselves in a riotous manner, and some of them tmrrowly escaped being killed. The yonng fellows kicked In tho doors and broke the windows in Carrie Swlers house, and smashed things up In general. Then they turned lielr uttentLun to thu house of John Inrdner, who- had gone for an officer and left Robert Runion to guard his house with a shot o-itn. When the mnh icgan clubbing and stoning this house, 'Bob'' used the gun and six of tho gang rere wounded, though none of them seriously. Only ono of the gang was arrested and he was kopt In the West Roynoldsvillo loek-ui until Mondav morning when ho furnished $000.00 bail for his apearance at court. It is a Commendable Association. Since the Village Improvement As sociation has been organized in this place there has been considerable com ment concerning It. Some people sneak disparagingly of It and others think that the Association is to do the work of the board of health, as several mil sances have already been reported to the Association. It Is not the object of the Improvement Association to do the work of the health officers nor to sewer the town, but its object is to try and keep the streets in a clean condition, which Is certainly a commendable ob ject and should be endorsed bv all citi zens who are interested In the appear ance of the town. To see Main street covered with sticks, papers, rubbish and occasionally dead rats, is all the evidence necessary to prove that the town neous somo kind of a society to look arter the cleanliness of the place, Instead of making remarks and dis couraging the Association, every person should holp along the good work by cleaning In front of their own nrooertv If the Association needs munlclnal laws to help carry on the work of improving the appearance of the town, the town council should create the necessary or dinances. Tho ladles will meet nianv difficulties and discouragements at first, . . but In time tho people will become ed ucated to cleanliness and the work of the Association will bo much lighter than at first. ' Wood Reynolds Died Yesterday. Woodward Reynolds died at the home of his parents, Mr. and Mrs. David Reynolds, on Mabel street at 4.15 p. M yesterday, October 4th. Although he had boon a victim of lunir trouble for few years, yet the immediate cause of death was a complication of diseases About two years airo Wood went to Evans, Iowa, with tho hope that the change of climate would restore his health, but after a year there ho return ed worse than when he went away. He was confined to bed four weeks before be yielded to tho inevitable. Wood ward was born lu Reynoldsville Sontem- ber tith, 1872, making him 20 years old tho nth of last month. He was an un usually ambitious boy and when he be come too weak to do manual labor, he turned his attention to fancy work, in which he become an expert, and his handiwork was of the finest kind. Woodward was a kind-hearted and sren- erous young man and consequently his frlonds were logion. Funeral services will be held at the home of the parents at 2.00 p. m. to morrow, Thursday, oonduoted bv Rev. W. F. Robor, assisted by Dr. C. C. Rum bergor. Interment in Beulah cemetery. Silk Mill Notes. The mill will start in a very short while. The electrlo light plant is completed. The boilers and engines are all connect ed and are now being tested. The mill will be Illuminated bv oloo. tricity some night this weok. Miss Munsheimer. Mrs. Coonor and Miss Jonklns are still busily engaged instructing new pupils, of which there baa boon quite a number during the past week. Mr. Chavent will have a number of warps ready for weaving at the looms In a few days. All of the winding, warnlnar and null- ling machinery is completed. The silk trade In tho East continues to be very encouraging. Reports show very large sales with larger ones ahead. Th nncrlnua at. t.hn atllr mill wa,a fired up yesterday for the first time. Accepted the Call. Rov. Alfred E. Hooper, of Klngsvillo, Ohio, has accepted the call to the pus- torate of the Baptist church in this place. Rev. Hooper will be here the first Sunday In November. Argument Court. Judge Reed has fixed Monday, No vember 14th, for argument court. L. A. Jackson Dead. Friday morning Mrs. II. Alex. Stoke received a telegram that her father, L. A. Jackson, had died suddenly at his home In Allegheny City. Tho sad news was a great shock to Mrs. Stoke because it was so unexpected. She was making preparations to go to Allegheny Friday aftornoon to visit her parents. 8he had Intended going the Friday before, but her visit was postponed by the death of John Stoke. rar. .lacKson s sudden death was caused from heart trouble. He had been complaining several days of pain in ills wrist and arm, but was not aturmea aoout it, as ho thought it waa. rheumatism. After getting homo from work Thursday evening the pain grew worso In his arm and about 0.00 ho was assisted to his room where ho ex plred In a few minutes. The lost words ho spoke were to call his daughter Laura "dear girl." L. A. Jnekson wus a resident of Revn oiusviiio irom to 1NS7. ami wn chief clerk In the A. V. Il'y office while his brother, A. A. Juekson, was super Intenilont of the road. Mr. .tuck son was a good christian and a perfect gen tleman, which won for him a host of friends in Reynoldsville who were sorry to hear of his death. MIsb Maybel Sutter, who Is boardtnir near whore Mr. Jaekson lived and who went to tho home after the death mes senger had called, In a letter to her father, J. J. Sutter, at this placo, says: "I never saw as pretty a corps In my lire. Such a peaceful, happy exoros sion, which is a great comfort to his loved ones to know that he died a chris tian. We were up to their home this spring one day (the last time I ever talked with Mr. Jackson) and he told us that day in conversation that he had no tear oi uoain ana was ready to go wnen me Master called, and had no hesitancy whatever, other than to leave his family." Mr. Jackson held the position of chief clerk in the office of the purchasing agent of the Pittsburg & Lake Erie railroad at the time of his death. He was 00 years old. Ho is survived by his wife and three daughters, Mrs. Stoke of this plaoe. Mrs. James W Gillespie, of Allegheny, and Miss Edith Jackson. Funeral sorvlces were held at the family residence Saturday evening and the remains were taken on a special train Sunday forenoon to Monongahela city for interment. Mr. Jackson was a prominent Knight Templar and about two hundred Knights attended the funoral. The services at the cemetery were undor the direction of the Knights, and the Impressive Masonio ritual ser vloes were performed. The Horal tributes were magnificent. It reauired a special conveyance to haul the Mowers. Improvement Association Organized Thursday a number of Drotrressiva ladies met in the Terpsichorean Club rooms for the purpose of organizing what shall hereafter be known as the Ladles Village Improvement Associa tion of Reynoldsville. The object of the Association shall be hj promote neatness and order in our city and do whatever may tend to im prove and beautify the town as a place of residence and keep it In a healthful condition. The meritorious cause of the society is one of its chief recommendations and should bring help from every quarter. uarrols will be placed at different points as receptacles for the refuse which has herefofore littered Main street. The drinking fountain question has been taken up and thore is more to follow. There is work to do and plenty and the ladlos who have so couracreouslv laid this burden upon themselves de serve the success they so earnestly doBlre. List of officers includes. President. Mr. W. B. Alexander; 1st Vice Pres., Mrs. H. A. Stoke: 2nd Vice Pres.. Mrs. G. M. McDonald; Secretary, Mrs. T. C. Reynolds; Treasurer, Mrs. A. T. Bing; executive Committee, Mrs. John Hays, Mrs. S. S. Robinson, Mrs. P. W. Mo- Donald, Mrs. Alex. RUton, Mrs. B. E. Hoover, Miss Eleanor Reed, Miss Annie Black. I have secured the services of a verv fine trimmer, one who has had ten years experience in the leadlnir wholesale millinery house of J. J. Porter & Co. I win De prepared to show a very fine line of trimmed hats and bonnets on Oct. 28 and 29. All the latest ideas in millinery. Flo. Best. Opposite Stoke's drug store. "Dyeing." If you have anything that vou want colored leave it at Mllllrens, who have the agency for Harris & Doversplke. Whole suit cleaned, dyed and pressed. $2.50; coat and vest, $1.50; pants, $1.00; vest, .75, overcoats, $2.00. Ladies' silks made to look like new, no shrinking or rubbing oft. When you want to buy a good gun, revolver, ammunition, or anything in that line, go to Alex. Riston's. Grapbophones and records for sale at Gooder's jewelry store. Come and see them and get prices. Pond Lilly pastry flour at Robinson & Mundorff's. Get your bicycles repaired at Gooder's. PERSONAL PARAGRAPHS Glimpses of the People who are Passing. To and Pro. J. O. Johns spent Sunday in Brook vlllo. Mrs. John H. Kaucher is visiting in Philadelphia. Harold Arnold visited in Punxsutaw ney last week. t Miss Annie Black spent Sunday in New Bethlehem. I. M. Hoeh and wlfo visited in Wil llamsport tho past week. Mrs. Smith M. McCrelght is visiting her parents at Derry Station, Pa. Mrs. F. K. Arnold and daughter, Miss Bello, visited in Clarion last week. Mrs. Dr. 8. Reynolds left here Satur day to visit In Lock Haven and Lewls burg. Georgo W. Swart, has been vlsting brothers In Clarion county the past week. Rev. W. F. Reber went to Pittsburg Monday morning. Ho will return this evening. Mrs. William Malion, of Marlon Cen ter, Indiana county, Pa., Is visiting in this place. Sidney Wilson and Emma Benson, of Brookvlllo, were guests at A. E. Dunn's over Sunday. Mrs. 8. V. Schick and Mrs. M. J. Lewis went to Tyler Monday to visit Mrs. Fred Butler. Abraham Snyder, of Brookville, vis ited his sons, L. M. and A. Z. Snyder, In this place this week. ' J. B. Arnold and wife. Dr. W. B. Alexander and daughter, Miss Fannie, were in Pittsburg last week. William Bond and wife, of Brockway vllle, are visiting the latter's brother, Nlnlan Cooper, In this place. Mrs. Alex Rlston went to Pittsburg yesterday to spend a couple of weeks with Mrs. Robert Donaldson. A. H. Fasenmyer, gentlemanly clerk at Hotel McConnell, spent Sunday at bis home In Iew Bethlehem. Frank Thorne, of Clearfield, was guest at the homo of Wm. M. Bulge, In West lleynoldsvillo, last week. Miss Gertrude Fetter, of North Free dom, who spent a few weeks in this place, returned home Saturday. G. W. Robinson, of Tionesta, visited his brother, S. 8., and sisters, Misses Belle and Lib., in this place this weok. Evangelist Williams, of Harrlsburg, will preach in the Baptist church in this place next Sunday morning and evening. Ethan E. Stewart and family returned Saturday from a ten days' trip to Lock Haven and Wllliamsport. ' They drove the entire distance. Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Hughes were called to Shannondalo Saturday to at tond the funeral of Solomon Klepfer, uncle of Mrs. Hughes. Mrs. Roger Dorsey nd three sons, John, Cornollus and Morgan, of Kldwell, West Va., were visitors at Daniel Nolan's over Sunday. Mrs. Homer B. Leach, of Alton, Kan sas, made a short visit in this place last week. Mrs. Leach noticed considerable change in the town since she left here eleven years ago. Rev. A. G. Mills, of Emerickville, and Rev. Will H. Fenton, of Pleasant- ville, Pa., who is visiting Rev. Mills, made The Star office a pleasant call Monday afternoon. Noah Syphrit and wife were at Home stead, Pa., last week visiting their son, Thomas. Mr. and Mrs. Syphrit visited the Pittsburg Exposition and also took In the sights in the "Smoky City." Fred Miller and wife, of Kittannlng, are visiting in this place. Mr. Miller and Miss Pauline Mitchell, were mar ried in Pittsburg the 6th of last month. Mrs. Miller is a daughter of John Mitchell, who moved to Colorado about a year ago. Mrs. Benjamin Haugh Is attending the State Convention of the Christian Endeavor Societies at Harrlsburg this week. From the state capital Mrs. Haugh will go to Winchester, Virginia, to visit with relatives a few weeks. She expects to be absent six weeks. Making hard-to-flt foet comfortable la one of our hobbles. Robinson's. Hamblot & Swartz have reduced all $20.00 and $21.00 suits to $17.00, $18.00 and $10.00, eto. For Sale Apple and cider bbls., kegs, lard bbls. and lard cans at the Bon Ton bakery. If you want to save money, buy your men's and boys' overcoats at Deemer & Co.'s. A good heating stove, for gas or coal. for sale very cheap. Inquire at THE Star office. ' , - We are reoelvlng fresh oysters dally at the Bon Ton bakery. See Deemer & Co.'s $5.00 and $6.00 Bouclay jackets for ladles. Alex. Rlston keeps the largest and Quest line of guns In town. Call and get prices. He also handles ammunition. Fresh oysters received at Clark's res taurant, near postottioe. everv Tuesday. Thursday and Saturday. Fresh oyster cracker always on hand. . You can save money if vou buv vour hoes and rubbers at Robinson's.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers