f'CKINLEVS CUBAN MESSAGE Intervention Recommended to Put in End to Barbarous Cruelty, THE ISSUE NOW WITH CONGRESS. Spanish Government Cannot Insure Safety to American Vessels. PRECEDENTS ARE REFERRED TO. the President Arts for fall Power to Ttr mlnst Hoitilltlei en the Islsnd-Kvery Effort to Settle the Qneitlon Fescably Kxhamtod, -Recognition of Independence . Opposed. The President Monday eent the fol lowing message to the Congress of the United States: Obedient to that precept of the con stitution which commands the Presi dent to Rive from time to time the Con-' Kress Information of the state of the Union, end to recommend to It con sideration such measures as ho shall Judge necessary and expedient, It be comes my duty now to address your body with regard to the grave crisis that has arisen In the relations of the United States to Spain by reason of the warfare that for more than three years has raged In the neighboring Island of Cuba. I do so because of the Intimate connection of the Cuban question with the state of our own union and the grave relation the course which It Is row Incumbent upon the nation to adopt must needs bear to the tradition al policy of our government, If It Is to accord with the precepts laid down by the founders of the republic and relig iously observed by each succeeding ad ministration to the present day. The present revolution Is but the suc cessor of other similar Insurrections which have occurred In Cuba against the dominion of Spain, extending over a period of nearly half a century, each of which during its progress, has sub jected the United States to great ex pense and effort In enforcing Its neu trality laws, caused enormous losses to American trade and commerce, caused irritation, annoyance and disturbance among our citizens, and by the exercise of cruel, barbarous and uncivilized practices of warfare, shocked the sen sibilities and offended the humane sym pathies of our people. EFFECTS OF THE CITHAN WAR. Since the present revolution began, in February, 1895, this country has seen the fertile domain at our threshold ravaged by Are and sword In the course of a struggle unequalled In the history of the Island, and rarely paral leled as to the number of combatants and the bitterness of the contest by any revolution of modern times where a dependent people, striving to be free, have been oppressed by the power of the sovereign state. Our people have beheld a once prosperous community reduced to comparative want, Its luc rative commerce virtually paralyzed, Its exceptional productiveness diminish ed. Its fields laid waste, its mills in ruins, and Its people perishing by tens of thousands from hunger and destitu tion. We have found ourselves con strained, in the observance of that strict neutrality which our laws enjoin and which the law of nations com mands, to police our own waters and watch our own seaports In prevention of any unlawful action In aid of the Cubans. Our trade has suffered; the capital Invested by our citizens In Cuba has been largely lost, and the temper and forbearance of our people have ous unrest among our own citizens, which has Inevitably found Its expres sion from time to time In the national legislature, so that Issues wholly ex ternal to our own body politic engross attention and stand In the way of that close devotion to domestic advance ment that becomes a self-contained commonwealth, whose prime maxim ' has been the avoidance of all foreign entanglements. All this must needs awaken and has Indeed aroused tho ut most concern on the part of this gov ernment, as well during my predeces sor's term as In my own. EFFORTS AT MEDIATION, in April, 1896, the evils from which lour country suffered through the Cu- fan war became so onerous tnat my predecessor made an effort to bring about a peace through the mediation of this government In any way that might tend to an honorable adjustment of the contest between Spain and her revolted colony, on the basis of some effective scheme of self-government for Cuba undr the flag and sovereignty of Spain. It failed, through the refusal of the Spanish government then In power to consider any form of mediation, or indeed any plan of settlement which . did not begin with the actual submis sion of the Insurgents to the mother country, and then rely on such terms a Spain herseU might see fit to grant, " The war continued unabated. The re sistance of the Insurgents was in no wise diminished. The efforts of Spain were increased, both by the dispatch of fresh levies to . Cuba and by the addition to the hor rors of the strife of a new and inhuman phase happily unprecedented in the modern history of civilised Christian peoples. The policy of devastation and concentration, Inaugurated by the cap tain general's bando of October 21, 1896, hi the province of Plnar del Rio, was thence extended to embrace all of the lalaad to which the Spanish arm was able to reach by occupation or by mili tary operations. The peasantry. Includ ing All dwelling in the open agrlcultur- l al interior, were driven Into the garri- ' sou towns or isolated places held by the troops. The raising and movement of provisions of all kinds were interdicted. The Aelds were laid waste, dwellings unrooted and fired, mills destroyed, ' and. In short, everything that could desolate the land and render it unfit for human habitation or support was commanded by one or the other of the contending parties, and executed by all the powers at their disposal. , SUFFERINGS OF THE PEOPLE. i Fy the time the present admlnlstra t'nn took office a year ago reconcen- "on so-called had been made ef i ve over the better part of the four 1 nd western provinces, Santa as, Havana and Plnar del -luultural population, to the - ur of feO.OuO or more, iln the towns and their , f'nrlved of the ;. 13 destitute of . "4 exposed to lltl t-s scarcity of food Increased with the de vastation of the depopulated areas of production, destitution and want be came misery and starvation. Month by month the death rate Increased In an alarming ratio, ny March, 1897, ac cording to conservative estimates from nfllclat sources, the mortality among the reeoncentrados,.. from starvation and the diseases thereto Incident, ex ceeded 50 per centum nf their total number. No practical relief was ac corded to the destitute. The overbur dened towns, already suffering from the general dearth, could give no aid. Bo-called "zones of cultivation," estab lished within the Immediate area of ef fective military control about the cities and fortified romps proved Illusory as a remedy for the suffering. The unfor tunates, oelng for the most part women and children with aged and helpless men, enfeebled by disease and hunger, could not have tilled the soil without tools, seed or shelter, for' their own support or for the supply of the cities. Iteconcentratlon, adopted avowedly ai a war measure in order to cut off the resources of the insurgents, worked Itl predestined result. As I said In my mes sage of Inst December, It was not civ ilized warfare; It was extermination, The only peace It could beget was thai of the wilderness and the grave. Whll the military situation In the Island had undergone a noticeable ehnnge, the ex traordinary activity that characterized the second year of tho war, when thi InsurgKnts Invaded even the hlthertc unharmed fields of riuar del Rio and carried havoc and destruction up to the walls of the city of Havana Itself, had relapsed Into a dogged struggle In the central and eastern provinces. The Spanish arms regained a measure of control In l'inar del Rio and parts of Havana, but under the existing condi tions of the rural country, without Im mediate Improvement of their produc tive situation. Even thus partially re stricted the revolutionists held their own and tbclr conquest and submis sion, put forward by Spain as the es sential and sole basis of peace, seemed as far distant as at the outset. In this state of affairs my adminis tration found Itself confronted with the grave problem of Its duty. My message of last December reviewed the situa tion, and narrated the steps taken with a view to relieving Its acuteness and opening the way to some form of hon orable settlement. The assassination of the prime minister, Canovos, led to a change of government in Spain. The former administration pledged to sub jugation without concession gave place to that of a more liberal party, com mitted long In advance to a policy of reform Involving the wider principle of home rule for Cuba and Puerto Rico. The overtures nf this goverment, made through Its new envoy, Gen. Woodford, and looking to an Immediate and ef fective amelioration of the conditions of the Island, although not accepted to the extent of admitted mediation In any shape, were met by assurances that home rule. In an advanced phase, would be forthwith offered to Cuba, without waiting for the war to end, and that more humane methods should thenceforth prevail In the conduct of hostilities. Colncldentally with these declarations, the new government of Spain continued and completed the policy already begun by Its pnedeces sor,,of testifying friendly regard for this nation by releasing American citi zens held under one charge or another connected with the Insurrection, so that, by the end of November, not a single person entitled In any way to our national protection remained In a Spanish prison. While these negotiations were in progress the increasing destitution of the unfortunate reeoncentrados and the alarming mortality among them claimed earnest attention. The success which had attended the limited meas ure of relief extended to the suffering American citizens among them by the Judicious expenditure through the con sular agencies of the money appropria ted expressly for their succor by the Joint resolution approved May 24, 1897, prompted the humane extension of a similar scheme of aid to the great body of sufferers. A suggestion to this end was acquiesced In by the Spanish au thorities. On the 24th of December Inst I caused to be Issued an appeal to the American people, Inviting contribu tions In money or In any kind for the succor of the starving sufferers In Cuba, following this on the 8th of January by a similar publlo announcement of the formation of a Central Cuban Relief Committee, with headquarters In New York City, composed of three members representing the American National Red Cross and the religious and busi ness elements of the community. The efforts of the committee have been un tiring and accomplished much. Ar rangements for free transportation to the Island of Cuba have greatly aided the charitable work. The President of the American Red Cross and represen tatives of other contributory organiza tions have generally visited Cuba, and co-operated with the consul general and the local authorities to make effec tive distribution of the relief collected through the efforts of the Central Com mittee. Nearly $200,000 In money and supplies had already reached the suf ferers, and more is forthcoming. The supplies are admitted duty free, and transportation to the Interior has been arranged, so that the relief, at first necessarily confined to Havana and the larger cities. Is now extended through most It not all of the towns where suf fering exists. Thousands of lives have already been saved. The necessity for a change in the condition of the reeon centrados is recognised by the Spanish government. Within a few days past, the orders of Oen. Weyler have been, revoked, the reeoncentrados are, It Is said, to be permitted to return to their homes, and aided to resume the self supporting pursuits of peace; public works have been ordered to. give them employment, and a sum of 1600,000 has been appropriated for their relief. The war in Cuba is of such a nature that short of subjugation or extermin ation a final military vlotory for either side seems impracticable. The alter native lies in the physical exhaustion of the one or the other party, or per haps of both a condition which In ef fect ended the ten year's war by the truce of Zanjon. The prospect of such a protraction and conclusion of the present strife is a contingency hardly to be contemplated with equanimity by the civilized world, and least of all by tho United States, affected and injured as we are, deeply , and intimately by Its very existence. THE DUTY OF THE UNITED STATES. Realizing this. It appears to be my duty, in a spirit of true friendliness, no less to Spain than to the Cubans who have so much to lose by the prolonga tion of the struggle to seek to bring about an Immediate termination of the war. To this end, I submitted, on tha 27th ultimo as a result of much repres entation and correspondence, through the United States minister at Madrid, Jiroposltlons to the Spanish government ooklng to an armistice until October 1 for the negotiation of peace with the good offices of the President. , In addition, I asked the Immediate revocation ot the order of reconcen tratton, so as to permit the people 'a return to their farms and the nedy5 do relieved witn provisions and sup- pes from the United States co-operat ing with the Spanish authorities so as to afford full relief. The reply of the Spanish cabinet was received on the night of the .list ul timo. It offers, as the means to bring about peace In Cuba, to confide the pre- fiaratlnn tnereor to tne insular Far lament, Inasmuch as the concurrence of that body would be necessary to reach a final result, It being, however, understood that the powers reserved by the constitution to the central gov ernment rae lot lessened or diminished. As the Cuban Parliament does not meet until the 4th ot May next, the Spanish government would not object for Its parts, to accept at once a sus pension of hostilities If asked for by the Insurgents from the general-ln-chief, to whom It would pertain, In such case, to determine the duration and condition ot the armistice. The propositions submitted by den. Woodford and the reply of the Spanish government were both In the form of brief memoranda, tne texts or wmcn are before me, and are substantially In the language aoove given. Tne func tion of the Cuban Parliament, In the matter of "preparing" peace and the manner of its doing so are not ex- firessed In the Spanish memorandum; itit, from Oeneral Woodford's explana tory reports of preliminary discussions preceding the final conference, It Is un derstood that the Spanish governmeut stand ready to give the Insular Con gress full powers to settle the terms nf peace with tho Insurgents whether by direct negotiation or Indirectly by means of legislation, does not appear. PLANS OF INTERVENTION. With this last overture In the direc tion of Immediate pence, and its disap pointing reception by Spain, the exe cutive was brought to the end of his effort. In my annual message of December last I said: "Of the untried measures there re main only; Recognition of the Insur gents ns belligerents; recognition of the Independence of Cuba; neutral In tervention to end the war by Imposing n rational compromise between the contestants, and Intervention In favor of one or the other party. I speak not of forcible annexation; that cannot be thought of. That, by our code of mor ality, would be criminal aggression. Thereupon I reviewed these alter natives, In thellght of President Oram's measured words, uttered In 187B, when after seven years of sanguinary, des tructive and cruel hostilities in Cuba, he reached the conclusion that the re cognition of the Independence of Cuba was Impracticable and Indefensible; and that the recognition of belligerence was not warranted by the facts ac cording to tests of public war. I com mented especially upon the latter aspect of the question, pointing out the incon veniences and positive dangers of a re cognition of belligerence, which, while adding to the already onerous burdens of neutrality within our own Jurisdic tion, could not In any way extend our Influence or effective offices In the ter sitory ot hostilities. Nothing has slnoo occurred to change my view In this re gardand I recognize as fully now as then that the Issuance of a proclama tion of neutrality by which process tho so-osuoa recognition ot belligerence is fiubllshed, could, of Itself and unat ended by other action, accomplish nothing toward the one end for which we labor, the instant pacification ot Cuba and the cessation ot the misery that afflicts the Island. THE QUESTION OF RECOGNITION. Turning to the question of recogniz ing at this time the Independence of the present Insurgent government In Cuba, we find safe precedents In our history from an early day. They are well sum med up In President Jackson's mes sage to Congress, December 21, 1836, on the subject of the recognition of the In dependence of Texas. He said: "In all the contests that have arisen out of the revolutions of France, out of the disputes relating to the crowns of Portugal and Spain, out of the se paration of the American possessions of both from the European govern ments, and out of the numerous and constanty occurring struggles for dom inion in Spanish America, so wisely consistent with our Just principles has been the action of our government thnt we have, under the most critical cir cumstances, avoided all censure and encountered no other evil than that produced by a transient estrangement of good will against those whom wo have been by force of evidence com pelled to decide." NEUTRAL POLICY. "It has thus made known to the world that the uniform policy and practice of the United States Is to avoid all Interference in disputes which merely relate to the internal govern ment of other nations and eventually to recognize the authority of the pre vailing party without reference to our particular interests and views or to the merits of the original controversy. Rut on this as on every other trying occa sion, safety Is to be found In a rigid adherence to principles. In the contest between Spain and the revolted col onies we stood aloof, and watted not only till the ability of the new states to protect themselves was fully establish ed, but until the danger of their being again subjugated had entirely passed away. Then, and not until then, were they recognized. Such was our course in regard to Mexico herself. " 'It Is true that with regard to Texas the civil authorities of Mexico had been expelled, its army defeated, the chief ot the republic himself captured, and all present power to control the newly-organized government ot Texas annihi lated within Its confines. But, on the other hand, there Is, In appearance at least, an Immense disparity of physical force on the side of the Texans. The Mexican republic, under another exec utive, Is rallying Its forces. "'Upon the issue of this threatened Invasion, the Independence ot Texas may be considered as suspended; and were there nothing peculiar' In the rela tive situation ot the United States and Texas, our acknowledgment of Its In dependence at such a crisis could scarcely be regarded as consistent with that prudent reserve with which we have hitherto held ourselves bound to treat all similar questions.' Thereupon Andrew Jackson proceed ed to consider the risk that there might be Imputed to the United States mot ives ot selfish Interest In view of the former claim on our part to the ter ritory of Texas, and of the avowed pur pose ot the Texans In seeking recog nition of Independence as an Incident to the Incorporation ot Texas In the Union; concluding thus: "Prudence, therefore, seems to dic tate that we should still stand aloof and maintain our present attitude. If not until Mexico itself, or one of tho great foreign powers shall recognlzo tho Independence of the new govern ment, at least until the lapse ot time or the course of events shall have proved beyond cavil or dispute the ability of the people of that country to maintain their separate sovereignty and to up hold the government constituted by them. Neither of the contending par ties can Justly complain of this course. Ry pursuing it we are about carrying out the jong-eslaDiianea policy ot our government, a policy which has se cured to us respect and influence abroad, and inspired confidence at home." i These are the words of the resolute and oatrlotlo Jackson. They are evl- idence that the United States, In addi tion to tho test imposed by publlo law a tho condition of the recognition of Independence by a neutral otaie (to wit: Uat tne revolted stats snail "con stitute in fact a body politic, having a government In substance as well as In name, possessed of the elements of stability," and forming de facto, "If left to Itself, a state among the nations, reasonably capable of discharging the duties of a state"); It has thus made known to the world that the uniform policy and practice of the United States in to avoid all Interference In disputes which merely relate to the In ternal government ot otner nations ana eventually to recognize the authority of the prevailing party without refer ence to our particular interests and views or to the merits of the original controversy. It has Imposed for Its own govern ance In dealing with cases like thesn the further condition thnt recognition ot Independent statehood Is not duo to a revolted dependency until tho danger nf Its being again subjugated by the parent state has entirely passed away. This extreme test was In fact applied In the ense nf Texas. The con gress to whom President Jackson re ferred the question as one 'probably leading to war,' and, therefore, a proper subject for 'a previous understanding with that body by whom war con alone be declared, and by whom all the pro visions for sustaining Its perils must be furnished, left the matter of the re cognition of Texas to the discretion ot the executive, providing merely for the sending nf a diplomatic agent when the President should he satisfied that the republic of Texas had become 'an Independent state.' Jt was so re cognized by President Van Ruren, who commissioned a charge d' affaires March 7, 1837, after Mexico had aband oned an attempt to re-conquer the Texan territory, and when there was at the time no bona fide contest going on between the Insurgent province and Its former sovereign. But on this, as on every other trying occasion, safety Is to be found In a rigid adherence to principle. In the contest between Spain and the revolted colonies we stood aloof, and watted not only until the ability of the new States to protect themselves was fully established, but until the danger of their being again subjugated had entirely passed away. Then, and not until then, were they recognized. Such was our course In regard to Mexico her self. THE IMMORTAL MAINE. "These elements of danger and dis order already pointed out have beer) strikingly Illustrated by a traglo event which has deeply and Justly moved the American people. I have already trans mitted to congress the report of the natal court of Inquiry on tho destruc tion of the battleship Maine In the harbor of Havana, during the night ot the fifteenth of February. The des truction that noble vessel has filled the national heart with Inexpressible horror. Two hundred and fifty-eight brave sailors and marines and two of ficers of our navy reposing In the fancied security of a friendly harbor, have been hurled to death, grief and want brought to their homes and sor row to the nation. "The naval court of Inquiry, which, It Is needless to say, commands the un qualified confidence of the government, was unanimous In Its conclusion that the destruction of the Maine was caused by an exterior explosion, that of a sub marine mine. It did not assume to place the responsibility. That remains to be fixed. In any event, the destruc tion of the Maine by whatever exterior cause, la a patent and Impressive proof of a state of things In Cuba that Is In tolerable. That condition Is thus shown to be such that the Spanish govern ment cannot assure safety and security to a vessel of the American navy In the harbor of Havana on a mission of peace and rightfully there. "Further referring in this connection to recent diplomatic correspondence, a dispatch from our minister to Spain nf the 26th ultimo, contained the state ment that the Spanish minister for for eign affairs assured him positively that Spain will do all that the highest honor and Justice require In the matter of the Maine. The reply above referred to of tho 31st ultimo also contained an ex pression of the readiness of Spain to submit to an arbitration all the differ ences which arise In this matter which Is subsequently explained by the note of the Spanish minister at Washington of the 10th Instant as follows: " 'As to the question of fact which springs from the diversity of views be tween the report of the American and Spanish boards, Spain proposes that the fact be ascertained by an Impartial Investigation by experts whose deci sion Spain accepts in advance.' "To this I have made no reply. "Preeldent Grant, In 1875, after dis cussing the phases of the oontest as it then appeared, and Its hopeless and ap parent Indefinite prolongation, said: " 'In such event, I am of opinion that other nations will be compelled to as sume the responsibility which devolves upon them, and to seriously consider the only remaining measures possible, mediation and intervention. Owing, perhaps, to the large expanse of water separating the Island from the penin sula, the contending parties appear to have within themselves no depository of common confidence, to suggest wis dom when passion and excitement have their sway, and to assume the part of peacemaker. In this view, In the earlier days of the contest, the good offices of the united states as a me diator were tendered In good faith, without any selfish purpose, In the In terest of humanity and in sincere friendship for both parties, but were at the time declined by Spain with the de claration nevertheless that at a futuro time they would be Indispensable. . CLEVELAND'S PROPHECY. "No intimation has been received that in the opinion of Spain that time has been reached. And yet the strife continues with all its dread horrors, and all Its Injuries to the Interests of the United States and of other nations. Each party seems quite capable of working great Injury and damage to the other, as well as to all the relations and interests dependent on the exist ence of peace In the Island; but they seem Incapable of reaching any ad justment, and both have thus far failed of achieving any success whereby ono party shall possess and control the Is land to the exclusion of the other. Un der the circumstances, the agency of others, either by mediation or by Inter vention, seems to be the only alter native which must, sooner or later, be Invoked for the termination of the strife.' "In the last annual message of my immediate predecessor during the pending struggle. It was said: " 'When the Inability of Spain to deal successfully with the Insurrection hoi become manifest, and It Is demon strated that her sovereignty Is extinct In Cuba for all purposes of its rightful existence, and when a hopeless struggle for Its re-establishment has degener ated into a strife which means nothing more than the useless sacrifice of hu man life in the utter destruction of the very subject matter of the conflict, a situation will be presented In which our obligations to the sovereignty of Spain will be superseded by higher ob ligations, which we can hardly hesitate to recognise and discharge' SPAIN CANNOT WIN. "In my annual message to congress, December last, speaking of this ques tion, I said: " The near future will aemonsiraie whether tho indispensable condition of a righteous peace, just alike to the Cu bans and to Spain as well as equitable to all our Interests so Intimately luvolv od in tho wolfaro ot Cuba, is likely to be attained. If not, tho exigency ot further and other action by the United States will remain to be taken. When that time comes that action will be de termined In the line of Indisputable right and equality. It will be faced, without misgiving or hesitancy In the light of the obligation this government owes to Itself, to the people who have confided to It the protection of their In terests and honor, and to humanity. " 'Sure of the right, keeping free from all offense ourselves, actuated only by upright and patriotic consider ations, moved neither by passion nor selfishness, the government will con tinue Its watchful care over the rights and property of American citizens and will abate none of Its efforts to bring about by peaceful agencies a peace which shall be honorable and enduring. If It shall hereafter appear to be a duty Imposed by our obligations to our selves, to civilisation and humanity to Intervene with force, It shall be with out fault on our part nnd only because the necessity for action should be so clear as to command the support and approval of the civilized world.' "The long trial hns proved thnt the object for which Spnln hns wnged the war cannot be attained. The Are of In surrection may flame or may smoulder with varying seasons, but It has not been and It Is plain that It cannot he extinguished by present methods. Tho only hope of relief and repose from a condition which can no longer be en dured Is tho enforced pacification of Cuba. USE OF ARMS IP NEEDED. "In the name of humanity, In the name of civilization, in behalf of en dangered American Interests which give us the right and the duty to speak and to act, the war In Cuba must stop. "In view of these facts and of these considerations, I ask the congress to authorize and empower the President to take measures to secure a full and final termination of hostilities between the government of Spain and the peo ple of Cuhn, and to secure In the Island the establishment nf a stable govern ment capable of maintaining order and observing Its International obligations, ensuring peace nnd tranquillity and the security of Its citizens ns well as our own, and to use the military and naval forces of the United States as may be necessary for these purposes. "And In the Interest of humanity and to aid In preserving the lives of the starving people of the Island I recom mend that the distribution of food and supplies be continued and thnt an ap propriation be made out of the public treasury to supplement the charity of our citizens. "The Issue Is now with the congress. It Is a solemn responsibility. I hnve exhausted every effort to relieve the Intolerable condition of affairs which Is at our doors. Prepared to execute every obligation Imposed upon me by the constitution and the law, I await your action. "Yesterday, and since the prepara tion of the foregoing message, official Information wna received by me that the latest decree of the Queen Regent nf Spain directs Oeneral Ulanco, In or der to prepare and facilitate peace, to proclaim a suspension of hostilities, the duration and details of which have not yet been communlented to me. This fact, with every other pertinent con sideration, will, I am sure, have your Just and careful attention In the solemn deliberations upon which you are about to enter. If this mensure attains a successful result, then our aspirations as a Christian, peace-loving people will be realized. If it falls, It will be the only another Justification for our con templated action. "WILLIAM McK INLET "Executive Mansion, April 11, 1S98." The messnge was referred to the sen ate committee on foreign affairs. NOTED BRITISH JOURNALIST. A. C Harinsworth's Oreat Newspaper Work in Bteld Old London. In all the history of Journalism therd ho probably never been a man wbq bos acquired such Immense power oven English newspaper development as baa come Into the bands of Alfred c! HarmnwoTtli, tho proxrlotor of tho London Dally Mall and ot thirty other papom and mngnzraes. Certainly there bns never been a man from whose ev ery action such strikingly successful Ai.rnio c. nARMSwonTn. results have flowed, and, upon whom all eyos have centered as they center upon bim. The Daily Mall, a half -penny paper which he started about three years ago along lines novel at least for England, and which he has so manag ed ns to bring It to a dolly circulation of 400,000 coplea In that short space ot time, has shaken the long-established customs of London newspaper editing to their very foundations. Other men have bull op Immense and profitable journals, which, whether of temporary or of permanent character, have kept aloof from tho established senders ot news and have bad UMie effect upon them. His great characteristic Is that he bos Introduced new ideas about tho things to print and new methods of treating what Is printed which bavo created a demand of an entirely new type- And this demand, short as Is the time which It has had to manifest It self, Is one which Is bound to make H elf actively known, and which tho newspaper proprietor Is coming to rec ognize as absolutely' essential for him to take account of. Ebe Didn't Mind It, Mistress Bridget, yon must not ns kerosene to light the Ore with. It'i very dangerous. . Bridget KaMb, on' Ol always used H at mo last place, Mistress I'm surprised that yon nor er got blown up. Bride Sure, n' Oldld, Brum iooW Ivory day. by U' arioso. SCIENTIFIC 6CRAPS. ' There was recently opened at Loices ter, England, a now municipal techni cal nrt school, in which thore Is a do pnrtinent devoted to Instruction in ho siery and knitting. One of tho heaviest locomotives of ordinary pattern ever made is now running over the Oreat Northern rail road. It weighs nlnety-flva tons, ex. elusive of the tender. Draughting compasses are belntf made with a flexible rubber suction oitp on one end to fasten to the paper and hold the instrument while tho circle Is being drawn. A statistician affirms that the major ity of people who attain old age have kept lute hours. Eight out of tetl who reach the age of 80 hnve never gone to bed till after 12 at night. The Belgian government is contem plating the establishment of an over head single rail between Brussels and Antwerp. It is expected that a speed of about ninety miles an hour will be obtained. If dry ropes are soaked for four days In n bath containing twenty grains of Htilphato of copper to a quart of water, they will bo preserved for a consider able time from the attacks of animal parasites and rot. Coal in nut only a source of heat nnd light, but a storehouse of colors, medicines, perfumes and explosives. From 140 pounds of gas tar in a ton of coal over 2000 distinct shades of ani line dyes ore made. A device for the prevention of ves sels from foundering, recently tested with success ia London, consists of gntta pnroha bags fixed uuder the decks which, when inflated with car bonic acid gas, raised a vessel loaded with brick and sank to the deck level. Oreen is the color most beneficial to the eye in diffused light, and rods and pinks the most harmful. In a strong direct light, however, blue and neu tral tiutH are the best for the eves, and pure white the most harmful, as is proved by the phenomena snow blind ness. The president of the Agasniz associa tion, H. H. Ballard, recently caught an ant near its hill, shut it up in a box, carried it 150 feet away, aud set it free In the middle of a shady road. What followed he thus describes : "It seeniod at first bewildered. Then it climed to tho top of a ridge of sand, erected its body as high as possible, waved its antenmo for several seconds, and then started in a straight line for home." A London hospital physician has sent a circular to all the London hos pitals, protesting against permitting cut flowers to be kept in hospital wards or in sick rooms. A pot of growing plants he believes to be free from germ-collocting possibilities, A small hunch of violets, or a few pinks, which the patient can handle, would be per missible, but not large hunches of flow ers kept in water. These he would Lr from sick rooms. The Cricket at a Thermometer. Professor A. N. Dolbear contributes to the American Naturalist the fol lowing interesting note regarding the variation of speed in the chirping of crickets, He asserts that the varia tion of speed depends so closely on the temperature that the height of the thermometer may be calculated by counting the number of chirps to the minute. Hays Professor Dolbear: "An individual cricket chirps with no great regularity when by himself, and the chirping is intermittent.espe cially in the daytime. At night, when great numbers are chirping, the regu larity is astonishing, for one may bear all the crickets in a field chirping synchronously, keeping time, as if led by the wand of a oonduotor. When the numbers are so great the resting spells of individuals are unnoticed, but when the latter recommence they not only assume the same rate, but tho same boat as the rest in that field. The cricket in an adjoining field will have the tame rate, that is, will make the same number of chirps per minute, but with a different beat, as one may easily perceive by listening. "The rate of chirp seems to be en tirely determined by tho temperature, and this to such a degree that one may easily compute the temperature when the number of chirps per min ute is known. "Thus at 60 degrees F. the rate is 80 per minute. "At 70 degree P. the rate is 130 a minute, a change of four chirps a min nte for each change of one degree. Below a temperature of 50 degrees tho orioket has no energy to waste ia mqsio, and there would be but 40 chirps per minute." Snap Made From the Peanut. A thrifty woman once discovered ' that the salted peanut and the salted almond are not very unlike except in the matter of cost. So that the plebian not has already had a mora or less good domestlo standing. Now comes Professor 8. P. Sadler with a statement that will insure it high place in trade. Its oil, of a pale yellow color and "of agreeable flavor," is to supersede olive oil. "When once freed from the acid found in it in its raw state," says the professor, "peanut oil does not tend to become rancid as easily as olive oil." Not only are we to dress onr salads in peanut oil, but we are to wash our hands with soap made of the oiL Castile soap, with the Spanish name, will be banished ' from all patriotic American households, and peanut oil soap is to take its place. New York Journal. DaMribed If Mat ltoOaasU . Teacher What is velocity Pupil Velocity is what a man puts, a hot plate dowa with. Philadelphia, (Ceil .
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers