PAGE 3
TUB CITIZEN, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 0, 1011.
WHICH
! SEIZE, IS A
Mas Been Under Turkish Domi
nation Since' 1835 Sultan
Uses It as His Siberia.
THE Turkish vilayet of Tripoli,
upon which Italy has designs,
occupies the territory on the
north coast of Africa, between
Egypt and Tunisia on the east and
west. To the north is the Mediterra
nean, and to tho south an uncertain
boundary line stretches approximately
to tho tropic of Cancer, In tho district
of Fezzan, and elsewhere ends Indefi
nitely in the sandy wastes of the
Libyan desert. There are five sepa
rate regions, known as Tripoli proper,
the Uarca plateau (Cyrenalca). the
Aujlta oases, Fezzan and tho oases of
Ghadamcs and Ghat, comprising to
gether a territory of 400,000 square
miles. Tho coast lino on the Mediter
ranean extends 1,100 miles. The In
habitants are estimated to number be
tween 800,000 aud 1,300,000.
Tripoli became a Turkish vilayet, or
regency, in 1835. In the sixteenth
century the land fell under Turkish
domination, but this sovereignty was
scarcely enforced. Civil and military
authority is in the hands of the vail,
or governor general, under whom are
the cantonal or district officers. Arab
tribes in the Interior recognize still the
rule of their sheiks, and Berber as
semblies raise taxes. The population
Is chielly Berber, but there are many
Jews in the country. Of the 0,000
Europeans in Tripoli, exclusivo of tho
10,000 Turkish troops, tho larger num
ber nre Italians and Maltese.
Sea carrying trade originating in
Tripoli is for tho most part in tho
hands of the Italians. Hcgular sail
ings nre between Tripoli nnd Malta
and Tripoli and Tunis. Tho products
are mainly agricultural, nnd total ex
ports, including those of Bcngazi,
average $5,000,000 yearly. Barley, the
staple food of the people, is exported
in seasons of plenty, and sheep, goats,
oxen and wool, hides and tropical
fruits are shipped to nil parts of tho
world. A considerable Industry is that
of raising ostriches for plumes In the
southernmost districts. Tripoli is one
of the last strongholds of tho slave
trade. Captives from central Africa
are brought across tho desert to the
trni'-rs in the Unrlinry cities.
Of the cities of Tripoli, Barca, with
35,000 inhabitants. Is the largest. The
town of Tripoli Is one of the oldest In
the world und is tho Mediterranean
gateway of the Sahara. Iiying on the
African coast over against Sicily, It is
the natural terminus of the caravan
routes from tho interior. To Tripoli
run tho three great historic caravan
routes. One extends south to Lake
Chad, through Kezzau and Bllma,
crossing the Sahara at its narrowest
IKilnt; another turns to tho southwest,
through the halting places of Gha
dnmc and Ghat, to Timbuktu and
Kano, and the third to the southeast,
through Sokua to Wadal and Darfur.
The United States has been engaged
in war with Tripoli twice. The pirates
who had their refuge in Tripoli were
the terror of tho Mediterranean, and
other nations regularly paid tribute for
the safety of vessels in those waters.
A demand for an Increase in tho Unit
ed States tribute of $S3,000 was made
by the pasha In 1801, nnd three frig
ates and a sloop of war were sent to
blockade Tripoli. Tho memorable fea
tures of the two wars were tho cap
ture of the frigate Philadelphia by the
Trlpolltans, the gallant exploit of Ste
phen Decatur, who sailed Into the har
bor in the little ketch Intrepid aud un
der lire of the forts from the shore
burned the Philadelphia, and the pic
turesque expedition commanded by
William Eaton across the desert from
Alexandria In an effort to enthrono in
Tripoli iin exiled pasha. In 1815 De
catur compelled tho dey of Algiers to
promise to United States ships freedom
from molestation without payment of
tribute.
Italy's Long Dream.
For the last thirty-five years in
fact, over since tho various petty
states of Italy were welded Into one
united kingdom It has been the dream
of the people subject to King Hum
bert's rule to possess n foothold on
the Mediterranean shores of Africa.
The wish is all the more natural see
ing that by far tho greater portion of
tho trade between southern Europe
and the northern coast of Africa Is
carried on under tho Italian flag and
that tho commercial interests of Italy
along the northern shore of Africa are
superior to those of every other Eu
ropean nation. Indeed, throughout
the Levant Italian has been from time
Immemorial tho European language
most exclusively used In commercial,
social nnd official intercourse.
Tripoli Is in every senso of the word
a land of mystery. It is out of the
beaten track of tourists. In fact,
thero are no hotels or Inns for the
accommodation of whlto people in the
city of Tripoli or in any of tho towns
of the interior. It does not figure in
any of the guidebooks of tho Levant
and It Is difficult indeed to find even
nny works, geographical or descrlp
tivp, dealing with tho subject. Yet 11
Is barely a week'B Journey from Paris
and actually within sight of Sicily and
of Malta. Foreigners ore not welcome
HnnU nnd vessels arriving at Tripoli
i TRIPOLI
i e o i o a
ITALY WOULD
LAND OF MYSTERY I
Turkey's Army Is Greater Than
Italy's by 1,000,000 Men,
but Her Navy Is Inferior.
are forced to laua nt a quay at the
farther end of which a big and omi
nous looking gate gives access to tho
essentially oriental city and to the
country beyond, nnd before the for
eigner Is allowed to pass through this
gate he himself and his papers nre
subjected to a far from friendly and
exceedingly strict examination, which
as often as not ends in tho visitor be
ing requested to betake himself at
once back on board the ship which
brought him.
No Exiles Beturn.
Tho mention of the name of Tripoli
is sufficient to causo a shudder at Con
stantinople, for whenever a prominent
citizen or dignitary In Stamboul sud
denly vanishes from sight without bid
ding farewell to his friends and to
his family it almost invariably be
comes kndwn sooner or later that he
has been shipped off by night to Trip
oli, where on landing he has been
compelled to trudge on foot the thirty
days' journey to Murzuk, tho capital
of the province of Fezznn, which Is an
oasis In the burning desert of Sahara.
None of the exiles has ever returned
thence, and it is fortunate indeed' If ho
In not done to death on the way thither.
It is only rarely that one of them man
ages to get letters to those whom ho
lias left behind, letters thnt give the
most appalling account of the tortures
and of the hardships to which he Is
subjected. Among those who have
boon thus deported to Tripoli and to
I'ezzan have been largo numbers of
Armenian bankers and merchants of
Constantinople, who owe their exile In
many instances to anonymous accusa
tions or else to mere suspicion.
Tripoli was for many hundreds of
years famous as tho principal lair of
the so called Barbary pirates, or cor
sairs, who constituted the scourge of
tho Mediterranean. Lying midway be
tween Tunis and Egypt, it was a flour
ishing state in the day of the Phoeni
cians, of the Itomans and of tho
Greeks, under the name of Cyrenalca,
until conquered by the Arabs twelve
centuries ago. In tho sixteenth cen
tury tho city of Tripoli was held for a
few years first by Ferdinand the Cath
olic of Spain and then by the Knights
of St. John, who were expelled, how
ovor. by the famous Turkish corsair
' , agut.
Fierce Tuareg Tribes.
Ills descendants governed the state
of Tripoli until 1835, when the Turks
took advantage of a civil war to seize
possession of the country, which ever
since has been ndmlnlstered ns a prov
ince of tho Ottoman empire. The fron
tiers east and west are ill defined, the
desert In either direction being swept
bv those fierce Tuareg tribes which are
the most fanatic and bloodthirsty of all
tho nomad races of the Sahara.
Tripoli hns become the headquarters
uf all the great caravan trade of cen
tral Africa. It has tho advantage of
being several hundred miles, nearer the
irrcat mart3 of the Interior of the dark
continent than cither Tunis or Al
giers, and almost dally there are cara
vans leaving for tho south laden with
cotton fabrics, cutlery, etc., and arriv
ing with esparto grass, ivory and os
trich feathers. Tripoli's most impor
tant export, however, is that of black
slave. They reach tho seacoast from
the great negro empires of Wadal and
Bornu, to the south of Fezzan, nnd are
thereupon shipped from tho ports of
Bengnzi, Tnbrouk and Tripoli Itself di
rectly to Constantinople nnd to other
parts of the Ottoman empire.
Fighting Forces Compared.
In the ovent of wnr between Italy
and Turkey the Turkish government
could put Into tho Held probably n
million more men than Italy, but any
advantage that might aecruo to the
latter nation as n result of this nu
merical supremacy on land would bo
more than offset by the tremendous
advantage that Italy would have on
the sea. Italy hns a fine navy, against
which tho Turks could send only a
few obsolete battleships nnd somlar
morcd cruisers, none of which is to
be compared to tho big Italian battle
ships of the San Giorgio, Pisa, Vitto
rlo Emanuele nnd Benedetto Brin
classes.
The latest available data on the mil
itary establishments of the world
gives to Italy a standing army of
225,000 men in active servico and
300,000 in reserve. In addition to this
armed force Italy has available for
duty, but not organized, an additional
l,20q,000 men. It would tnko several
mouths to whip tho unorganized force
Into shape.
At the head of the Italian army Is
Lieutenant General Poillo. Tho army
is organized into twelvo corps name
ly, tho corps of Turin, Alessandria,
Milan, Genoa, Verona, Bologna, An
cona, Florence, Rome, Naples, Bari
and Palermo, each corps commanded
by a lieutenant general. Each corps
is subdivided into two divisions, each
commanded by a lieutenant general.
Tho snmo authority on which tho
Itnllan milltnry strength is figured
puts tho standing army of Turkey at
375,000 men with 850,000 In reserve
and 2,000,000 men who are of arm
bearing age, but unorganized. Tho
Turks are great fighters, but the im
pression prevails t'hn't'thclr equipment
in no way compares with that of the
Italian nrmlcs. Littlo Is known of the
men who would assume command of
tho Turkish armies in the event of
wnr.
In the naval establishments of the
two countries all of the advantage is
on the' side of Italy. Italy has ready
for duty two battleships of the San
Giorgio type, which displace about
10,000 tons (nbout tho same size as
the United Stntes battleship Oregon),
two of tho Pisa class of 10,118 tons,
four of the Vlttorio Emanuele class of
about 13,000 tons (same ns the United
States battleship Idaho), two of tho
Benedetto Brin typo of 13,500 ton3 nnd
four of tho Gnribnldl typo of armored
cruisers of 7,400 tons. In addition to
these ships slio has building and
some are nearly ready for service
three Dreadnoughts of 21,500 tons and
one of 10,000 tons.
The Duke of Genoa is the, admiral of
the Italian navy, his principal subordi
nates being Vice Admiral Bettolo and
Bear Admirals the Duke of the Abruzzl
and Grenet.
Against this fleet) Turkey would have
to trust her fortunes at sea to the
twenty-year-old battleships Hairredln
Bnrlmrosse and Torgud Reis, of 10,000
tons, the thlrty-flvo year-old 10,000 ton
Messudltch and the little 2,800 ton iron
clnd Feth-I-Bulend, which was laid
down forty years ago. Turkey nlso
hns some cruisers, the Mnhldleh (for
merly tho Abdul Ilnmid), the Medji
dleh. the Pelk-I-Shevkct nnd the Berki
Satvct. all of which nre now. The ma
hldlch, the largest of the lot, displaces
less than 4,000 tons. There nre still
some other ships In the Turkish navy,
but these ore the most powerful. It Is
nnld that the Turkish government is
golntf to build three Dreadnoughts, but
the construction of these hns not yet
begun.
CHINA NEARING CRISIS.
Test of Government by Provincials
Believed to Be Inevitable.
In tho opinion of students of orien
tal affairs, China Is rapidly approach
ing a great crisis in her history. Tho
uprising in Szechuan province la ex
pected to extend to other neighboring
provinces, nnd especially to the south
ward, where tho Mongolian element
hns for many years been opposed to the
reigning Manchu dynast'. Evidently
prepared for trouble, tho Chinese gov
ernment has been quick to dispatch
troops into the disaffected district.
It is believed at Washington that the
government will bo able to suppress
the present disturbance, though tho
unforeseen disastrous flooding of tho
Yangtze valley Is expected to drive
thousands of the unfortunate natives,
whose means of support have been de
stroyed, into the ranks of the revolu
tionists. But it is believed that this Szechuan
uprising Is only tho precursor of other
outbreaks In different parts of tho
Flower Kingdom, for the fact la that
the struggle now going on is realty a
gigantic test of the relativo strength
nnd power of tho central government
ns opposed to the provincial govern
ments. In other words, the situation
resembles the grent feudal wars of
Europe In the middle ages. Japan also
had to pass through a similar ordeal
before the emperor was able to break
tho power of his mutinous barons, and
it is believed that the Chinese govern
ment will now be put to the same test.
While the sympathy of occidental
nations must remain with the Chinese
central government, there can be no
Interference in this great internal
strife, nnd the activities of other na
tions, at least for the present, must
be confined to the protection of their
own citizens resident In China.
GOLF CLUBS FOR TAFT.
Andrew Carnegie Sends the President
a Set Made In Scotland.
Andrew Carnegie has sent Mr. Tnft
n set of golf clubs. They are the
handiwork of J. Dussle of Dornoch,
Rcotlnnd, which is Carneglo's nntlve
heath. Mr. Carnegie intrusted the
clubs for delivery to J. G. Schmldlnpp
of Cincinnati, an old friend of the
president, who hns recently been visit
ing Skibo nnd Europe. Mr, Schmld
lapp presented them to Mr. Taft.
With the clubUfRtno the well wishes
of Mr. Carnegie, who says that ho fa
vors golf for the president because it
will give him henlth to continue his
work for world peace, tho other great
game besides golf in which the presi
dent nnd Mr. Carnegie are interested.
MAUSOLEUM TO HOLD 2,000,
Fireproof Structure Costing $100,000 to
Be Built In Cincinnati.
A mausoleum fireproof In construc
tion nnd gigantic in proportions is to
be erected In Cincinnati. It will hold
the bodies of 2,000 persons and will
cost over $100,000.
Tho Interior will bo of concrete nnd
the exterior of stone, with granite
trimmings. Tho crypts will bo largo
enough to hold the biggest coffin yet
made, nnd in enso of a family desir
ing to bury a member in this manner
nn opening will be choson. Tho cof
fined body will be slid into tho open
ing, nnd as soon ns the mourners leave
workmen with mixed concrete will cov
er tho opening, thereby hermetically
anallnsr tho coffin and Its contents.
Letter Writing.
Letter writing began to be an art In
1035 B. C.
"Nellie" Grant.
Ellen Wrcnshall Grant, affectionate
ly remembered by most American peo
ple as "Nellie" Grant, was the first
child of a president to be married at
the White House.
IN PATH OF FLOOD.
3 Parts of a House and Wreck ?
) age In Austin's Main Street. V
Photo by American Press Association.
YOUNGEST AVIATOR KILLED.
Cromwell Dixon, Who Flew Over the
Rockies, Falls to Death.
Spokane, Wash.. Oct. 3. Aviator
Cromwell Dixon was fatally Injured In
n fall at the Interstate Fair grounds
hero nnd died at the City hospital
Nearly 12,000 people saw the accident.
Dixon nnd It. C. ("Lucky Bob") St.
Henry were under contract to make
throe flights daily nt the fair. The
boy's accident resulted from trouble
with bis engine.
Cromwell Dixon was eighteen yenrs
old aud the first aviator to fly over the
Itocky mountains, besides being the
youngest aviator In this country. He
received his license from tho Aoro
Club of America on Aug. 31 of this
year. lie was born In Columbus, O.
lie saw Captain Baldwin fly In a di
rigible balloon at the world's fair In
St. Louis. The boy went homo and
built a balloon for himself, which was
thirty feet long and eleven feet in diam
eter. Lacking nn engine, young Dixon
put In a bicycle pedal arrangement at
tached to a chain, by which he rnn the
propeller. With this machine he made
many remarkable flights. On one occa
sion ho flew from St. Louis across the
state border Into Illinois and back
again, a distance of thirteen miles. He
became very proficient in running di
rigible balloons.
Who Cares?
Those haughty dames whoso stately nameu
In print we often see
llavo said the coatless man Is barred
From good sassletee.
Now, Isn't It an awful shamo
Our longing to deflato?
For coatless wo would rather bo
Than swelter with tho creak
Cleveland Plain Dealer.
LADIES CAN WEAR SHOES
ono size smaller after using Allen's
Foot-Ease, tho antiseptic powder for
tho feet. It makes tight or new
shoes feel easy; gives instant relief
to corns and bunions. It's tho
greatest comfort discovery of the
age. Relieves swollen feet, blisters,
callous and sore spots, it is a cer
tain relief for sweating, tired, ten
der, aching feet. Always use It to
Break in now shoes. Don't go on
your vacation without a package of
Allen's Foot-Ease. Sold everywhere,
25c. Don't accept any substitute.
For FREE trial package, address
Allen S. Olmstead, Le Roy, N. Y.
THE NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
OF MILWAUKEE, WIS.!
Agency at Honesdale, Wayne Co., Pa.
FROM THE EM ANNUAL REPORT.
Total admitted assets $ 273,813,063.55
Total Insurance in force 1,080,239,708.00
Total number policy-holders 425.481.00
New Insurance Reported and paid for In 1910 118,789,033.00
Increase In Insurance In force over 1909 67,240,613.00
Total Incomo for 1910 61,979,892.25
Total payment to policy-holders 32,869,899.00
Ratio of expense and taxes to Income 12.73 per cent.
I'OU WILL MAKE NO MISTAKE IF YOU INSURE WITH
II. A. TINGLEV, Agent.
HONESDALE, PA.
IT GIVESTHE.BEST RESULTS.
LIGHT, . .trade1
STTfie SMITHSONIAN
NtVMIIIhaV!'
FOR
Cx ffl &
ZK' HOLDS
N POSITION. j
C 0 J A
TO JAIL FOB 0BUELTY.
Ohio Farmer Hitched Wife to Plow,
Then Beat Her.
Lisbon, O., Oct 8. For hitching UN
wife to n plow nnd boating hor be
cause she coukln't pull it Jacob Zlui
merman, a farmer, of Wellsvllle was
sent to the workhouse for ninety days.
Zimmerman, who Is accounted by his
neighbors ns well to do. often qtnir
reled with his wife.
After a qunrrol he seized her and
dragged her to a field where n plow
was lying. With pieces of rope he
hitched her to tho implement nnd then
stood back of her with a whip and
ordered her to pull tho plow. The
frightened woman was unable to
budgo it, and ho lashed her unmerci
fully. Neighbors heard her screams
and went to her rescue. Zimmerman
was taken to court and quickly sen
tenced. A Threat.
"Will they miss me when I'm sons
Where tho skies are sunny?
Mot If I can help It. They
Will not mlsa me while away,
For most .every other day
I'll write homo for money.
Detroit Free Press.
ONE MILLION DOLLARS FOR A
GOOD STOMACH.
This Offer Should Be a Warning to
Every Man and Woman.
Tho nowspnpers nnd medical Jour
nals recently have had much to say
relative to a famous millionaire's offer
of n million 'dollars for a now stomach.
This great multi-mlllionairo was too
busy to worry- nbout the condition of
ids stomach. Ho allowed his dyspep
sia to run from bad to worso until in
tho end it became Incurable.
His misfortune serves as a warning
to others.
Every one who suffers with dyspep
filt for a few- years will give every
thing he owns for a now stomach.
Dyspepsia Is commonly caused by an
abnormal state of the gastric juices,
or by lack of tone in tho walls of the
stomach. The result is that the atom
nch loses Its power to digest food.
Wo nro now able to supply certain
missing elements to help to rcstoro
to the gastric juices their dlgestivo
power, and to nid in making tho stom
ach strong nnd well.
We know that Rexall Dyspepsia
Tablets are a most dependable rem
edy for disordered stomachs, Indiges
tion, and dyspepsia.
Wo want you to try them and will
return your money It you nre not
more than satisfied with tho result.
Three sizes, 25 cents, 50 cents and
51.00. Remember, you can obtain
Boxall Remedies In this community
only nt our store The Rexall Store.
A. M. LEIXE
A O BLAKE
AUCTIONEER & CATTLE DEALER
YOU WILL MAKE MONEY
BY HAVING ME
Bell Phone 9-U BETHANY, PA.
H. F. Weaver
Plans & Estimates
Furnished
Residence, 1302 EastSt.
SALE BY
Architect and Builder
BPPJEfeU n TO iCT If.
ID "W" I UST
PKOFEBSIONAI, CARDS.
Attorncvs-ot-Lnw.
H WILSON,
. ATTORNEY A COUNSELOIl-AT-LAW.
Offlce adjacent to Post Office in Dimnilck
office, Honesdale, Pa. a
WM. H. LEE,
ATTORNEY A COUNBELOR-AT-LAW.
Office ovor post office. All leeal buslnes
promptly attended to. Honesdale, Pa.
7,1 O. MUMFORD,
J2i. ATTORNEY A COUNBELOR-AT-LAW,
Office-Liberty Hall bulldine. opposite th
Post Offlce. Honesdale. Pa.
EOMER GREENE.
ATTORNEY A COUNSELOR-AT-LAW
Office over Relf's store. Honesdale Pa.
CHARLES A. McOARTY,
ATTORNEY A COUNSELOR-IT-LAW.
Special and prompt attention given to tup
store Honesdale. Pa.
T71 P. KIMBLE,
JJ . ATTORNEY
A TT1 Tf V T." V X nnnuarTnti.iw., . ...
Office over the cost offlce Honesdale. Pa.
ME. SIMONS,
. ATTORNEY A COUNSELOR-AT-LAW,
Ofllco in the Court House, Honesdale
Pa.
pETER H. ILOPF,
jl. ahuiibi,! UUUHBEI.UK-AT-LAW,
Office-Second floor old Savlnes Brni
bulldine. Honesdale. Pa.
SEARLE & SALMON,
ATTORNEYS A COUNSELORS-AT-LAW
Offices lately occupied by Judge Searle
CHESTER A. GARRATTX
ATTORNEY A COUNSELOR-AT-LAW
Office adjacent to Post Offlce, Honesdale. Pa
Dentists.
DR. E. T. BROWN,
DENTIST.
Office-First floor, old Savings Bank bulld
ine. Honesdale, Pa.
D
,R. C. R. BRADY,
DENTI8T, HONESDALE, PA.
1011 MAIN ST.
Any evening by appointment.
Citizens' Phone.
Physicians.
PB. PETERSON, M. D.
. 1120MAIN STREET. HONEsnil.E. Vk
Eye and Ear a specialty. The fitting of glass
es given careful uttentfon.
Livery.
LIVERY.--l;red. G. Rickard has re
moved ilis liverv PRtahlfalimnnf frnm
corner Church street to Whitney's Stone
Bam9
ALL CALLS
PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO.
FIRST CLASS OUTFITS. 75y
SPENCER I
The Jeweler
would like to see you if 1
t you are in the market
for
4-
JEWELRY, SILVER-!
t WARE, WATCHES.i
CLOCKS, 1
DIAMONDS,
AND NOVELTIES
"Guaranteed articles only sold." J
MM MM 1HH4
WHEN THERE
IS ILLNESS
in your family you of course call
a reliable physician. Don't Btop
at that; have his prescriptions
put up at a reliable pharmacy,
even if it is a little farther from
your home than some other store.
You can find no more reliable
Btore than ours. It would be im
possible for more caro to be taken
in the selection of drugs, etc., or
in tho compounding. Prescrip
tions brought here, either night
or day, will be promptly and
accurately compounded by a
competent registered pharmacist
and the prices will bo most rea
sonable, O. T. CHAMBERS,
PHARMACIST.
Opp. D. A H. Station. Honesdale. Pa,
German-American Home
Treatment, t":"
The GERMAN AMERICAN TREATMENT.
I OOOO D I .r..l Dr.,., lo ..It ,k M . I.d,d
r...,l.po.ltI,.l, . u. Onlr Oure. K.ll.r b.to"."r
HOTEL
T0 DERIS'
' OAOVYAY cini 11th ST.
HON YOh cry
t-ry point of m-
I Wl bltx-V fr.
SCQl.1
LI.Q3 nar ii.v airf .
i-'i.SO per day end up
r.UROPCA?4 PLAN
Tibia d'lloie BreaMatt . GOa
-WIH.TATLOR & SON, Ino.