CITIZEN, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1999. MUDDY R0AD3 ARE EXPENSIVE. General Co-operation Among Farmers Needed to 8ecure Reaults. Ono thing needed. In the country la more general co-operation among farmers to accomplish results which cannot be done single-handed. EJvory farmer In the country would approro of good roads, especially at this sea son of the year, when there la no bot tom In some localities. But compara tively few farmers are willing to dig down In their pockets and pull up the necessary cash with whloh to pay for these good roads. There Is a unani mous howl for hard roads, but no funds ore available, with which to build them. Owners In the big cities have to pay for the pavement In front of their property, even though they have no vehicles of any sort to wear them out Farmers, of course, are not willing to stand a slmlllar expense, but It does seem that some system of local taxation could be devised that would be fair and Just to all. Cost of material Is not great, but hauling and putting It down properly Is the otlcker. The cost of transportation has been figured out as follows: By sea freights, one-tenth of one cent per ton per mile. By railroads, one cent per ton per mile. By good roads, seven cents per ton per mile. By ordinary country roads, 25 cents per ton per mile. Ninety per cent of every load by teamBhlp, railroad or express must be carried by wagon or truck over a highway. It costs the farmers of the United States nearly three times more than those of Europe to market on equal tonnage of farm, products. Cheap Dirt Road Roller. The frame of the roller Is made of 4x4lnch scantling. The brace ex tending from frame to tongue la made from an old wagon tire. The drums are 3 1-2 feet In length and are made of old mower wheels on which are bolted 2x4 scantlings. An Iron shaft extends the entire length of the two drums and Is made stationary In the frame. The drums revolve on the A Home-Made Road Roller, shaft The box above the drums and in front of the seat Is for extra weight when the weight of the roller is not sufficient to crush the clods in the road. The seat is an old mower seat bolt ed on rear end of the tongue so the weight of the driver will balance tongue and take weight off the neck of team. John S. Pierce. Revealed by Rains. One thing Is shown by the heavy rains and that is, the natural oourse that the water will take; and where such courses are detrimental to the road, they should be changed no that they will not cut out the road bed. .Where it is shown that an excessive amount of water is flowing along one side of the road, a drain should be pnt in to carry it under the road to the opposite side so that it can fine Its way down a hillside and away from the road. On an ordinary dirt road, if the split log drag Is used conscientiously and when necessary and if the prop er drainage of the road Is carefully looked after, it Is possible to keep such a road In good condition, even with considerable rain. Of course In the winter during freezes and thaws, it is impossible to keep any dirt road from becoming heavy with mud. Using the Drag. The split log drag, if used correct ly, will round the road, but care should be taken not to make the an gle too steep, as it is only necessary to have Just slope enough to cause the water to flow through the ditches rather than through the middle of the road. If too long a time elapses after the rains before split-log drag is used so that the roods become thoroughly dried out the efficiency of the drag is largely decreased. Filling Bad Cuts. Any large holes or bad cuts that Tiavo beenmade in the road due to the excessive amount of water should be filled up, not with brush and a lit tle dirt but, where they are deep, filled In with rock and then covered with dirt Value of Separator. The separator not only saves more of the butter fat and makes it easier to make good butter, but also makes the care of the milk and the churning easier, and leave the skimmed milk In better shape tor feeding to calve or pigs. After Heavy Rains. To the care of roads after beery ralsa there la so better ptaa thaa te ee we sjhk wg ra-. m awejje pee a4TU. DAIRY NO fl. I CREAMERy A DAIRY NECESSITY. The Principle on Which the Separa tor Does Its Work. As most readers know but possibly some do not the cream separator is a machine for quickly separating the cream from the other part of the milk while it is still warm and fresh. Or to stato the cose moro accurately, it Is a machlno for separating the other parts of the milk from the cream. That a machine can do this may, to many, seem remarkable, but In doing it the separator merely takes advan tage of the fact that the other portions of milk are heavier than the crcAm. For illustration, if one end of a string be tied to a ball or other object, the other end of the string held in the hand and the object smung rapidly around In a circle, it will exert a force outward as if trying to get away. The heavier the object at the outer end of the string and the faster It is swung around in a circle, the greater will be this outward pulling (centri fugal) force. In the closed and pecu liarly constructed bowl of the separa tor the milk Is swung around rapidly 3,000 to 6,000 times a' minute. The skinned milk water, casein, etc. be ing heavier than the fat is mostly thrown fo the outside of the circular bowl and escapes through openings Into a separate vessel. The butter fat, being lighter, remains near the center of the bowl and through a separate opening at that point escapes along with some of the other parts of the milk, as cream. There is only a trace of butter fat about one-tenth of 1 per cent, or 1 part of butter' fat in 1,000 parts of skimmed milk left In the skimmed milk when a good separator Is properly managed. The cream is usually from 15 to 35 per cent, butter fat; that is, there Is 65 to 85 per cent of other portions of the milk in ordinary cream from a separa tor. Short Story of Two Cows. The Agricultural College of Illinois gives some Interesting figures in re gard to a three-year test of two cows. They were born nnd brought up as calves on the same farm and got their early education from the same Instruc tor. Later, when taken to the univer sity, they were treated alike, so far as possible. All the feed consumed was weighed and valued, and all the milk credited. The average return from one cow was 11,390 pounds of milk per year, containing 405 pounds of butter fat, while the milk of the other weighed only 3,830 pounds and and contained 138 pounds of butter fat Bach cow was given all she oould eat but the cow that produced the most milk used more feed to make it out of, which Is natural enough. The final figures show that the best cow mode a profit of $34.59, while the oth er lacked $5.62 of paying for her board. The figures were made up at the prevailing prices for feeds ind credited 23 cents per pound for butter fat Water for Dairy Herd. . This reservoir is 100 feet high jid 3T 1-44 feet in diameter and will hold 3,400 tons of water, an equivalent to 30 acre-inches of rain fall. An aver age rainfall of 12 1-4 Inches during the growing season would fill to the point Indicated. A rainfall of 9 inches, if completely utilized, would produce a yield of 30 bushels of wheat or 157 bushels of oats. Sanitary Dairy Barns. The poorly lighted, poorly ventilat ed barn is a poor place to keep any farm animals, especially the cows. Pure milk cannot be produced from such surroundings. During the sum mer time while the cows are out most of the time anyway and the barn lit tle used, plan to make improvements which will improve the conditions and make your barn more sanitary. Put in more windows and put in some kind of a ventilating system. Output of Precious Metals. It is impossible to give an absolute ly accurate statement of the gold and silver output of earth's mines. The European stock of precious metal be fore 1850, including the flow of wealth from Mexico and Peru, amounted to over $9,600,000. Then came the almost fabulous wealth of California and Australia. The great est output of gold In California was in 1853, $85,960,000, and In Australia BEE KEEPING THE SOLAR EXTRACTOR. It Is Very Efficient to Render Up New Combs. The solar extractor is very efficient to render up combs, especially new combs, or capplngs, Into beeswax, as it is always at hand during the busiest season, but it is absolutely useless in purifying beeswax that has been rendered. When you put combs into the solar extractor those parts which contain the most beeswax will be the first to soften, and therefore the pur est beeswax will run first When the bulk of it has melted down the re maining liquid part comes also, with a portion of the dregs mixed into It The cake Is thus made to look darker at Its centre, or the portion which has last melted down. It would be little use to molt up this beeswax several times in succes sion in the solar extractor, for these dregs are very fine and are sure to stay with the wax. The only method to purify the wax further is to melt it with water, allowing it to cool as slow ly as possible. It must be brought to about the boiling point of water, so that there will be perfect freedom for all the particles of dirt to settle, and as they are usually heavier than wax the dirty portion will be found to have settled to the lower edge of the cake, from whence it may be scraped with out difficulty. Several successive meltings with the sun extractor would tend only to mix the dregs more thor oughly with the wax and render it so much more difficult to cleanse. The sun, however, has the faculty of bleaching the wax, and would thus render It of brighter color. But even in this there is an extreme to be avoided. King System of Ventilation. Details of the King system of ven tilation are shown in the diagram. The outside of board wall Is Indicated by A and the opening for admission m V A - ,1 I of air is at C. On the right there is shown a cross section of wall with outside opening at D and Inside open ing at E. A valve Is arranged at E to regulate the Bupply of fresh air. Water for the Bees. When brooding is heaviest bees re quire most water. In early spring they may be seen about the well in search of this necessary article, which goes to make up their dally bill of fare. They will fly a great distance for It if not obtainable near by. Many bees are lost and chilled when thus carrying water for their brood. If there -is no water accessible, close to the apiary, it will pay you to supply some. Take a barrel and set It a few feet from the ground, fill It with wa ter and cover the top so no bees will be drowned. Then bore a very small hole near the bottom of the barrel and let the water drip on a board. The board should be slanted slightly to cause the water to flow slowly along. From this source the bees will be able to help themselves. The nearer the water Is to the apiary the fewer bees it will require as water carriers, a very important feature atthis sea son when the warmth and energy of every bee are needed to the hive to help build up the colony. When honey begins to come in from the fields, it is no longer necessary to supply them with water, for they will get enough of It from the thin nectar which is dally brought Into the hives. OH of Sassafras for Insect Bites. It is not generally known how valu able a preventive against the bites of mosquitoes, fleas, gnats, midges, etc., oil of sassafras is. The fact has re cently been recorded again by A. T Qlrdler. If in a susceptible person the oil is applied at once to the place that has been bitten it almost invaria bly prevents the poisoning altogether, If applied to the Inflamed spot a day or two after the bite it at once stops the Irritation. To those who live in the country and whose life is made a burden by undue susceptibility to insect bites and to those who have not yet return ed from holiday making in regions in fested by biting insects, oil of sassa fras should be a great boon and it is harmless as an external application. London Globe. Australia Needs Settlers, Australia has more unemployed area in proportion to the population turn any other country, Uneultlvatef Lena! In J seen. Tares fourths ef the area ef Jaeen jf:r.-;r"""-,k -I f iiy AS ROEBOTTOM WORKED. Not the Best Way to Build Up a Big Business. N. W. Ayer, the advertising agent at the dinner in Philadelphia, in hon or of his firm's fortieth anniversary, said that to succeed in advertising re quired hard work. "The successes in this business are stupendous," he said, "but some folks think that working as Roebottom of Camden worked a man can build up a great advertising fortune. "Roebottom was a roofer. He waa engaged on a Mlckle street house. One day, as he was lunching, he was heard to give a yell of pain. "What's the matter, Roebottom T a carpenter asked. " 'I got a nail In my foot tho roof er answered. "'Well, why don't you pull it outr said the carpenter. '"What! In my dinner hourr yelled Roebottom, reproachfully." Philadelphia Record. Not to Be Trapped. "Concede nothing," was the advice of a well-known politician concerning a cortain famous disputed election. His policy was followed to the letter by the man of whom the Chicago Tri bune tells. On the relief train that bad been rushed to the scene of the railway wreck was a newspaper re porter. The first victim he saw was a man whose eyes were blackened and whose left arm was in a sling. With his hair full of dirt, one end of his shirt collar flying loose and his coat ripped up the back, the victim was sitting on the grass and serenely contemplating the landscape. "How many people are hurt?" asked the reporter, hurrying up to him. "I haven't heard of anybody being hurt young man," said the other. "How did this wreck happen T" "1 havent heard of any wreck." "You haven't? Who are you, any how?" "I don't know that it's any of your business, but I'm the claim agent of the road." Youth's Companion. Handicapped. "Sir, I wish to marry your daugh ter," faltered the young man. "You do, eh?" exclaimed the fond parent "Well, I have been rather ex pecting this, and, to be thoroughly orthodox, I shall put a few questions to you. Do you drink T" "No, sir. I abhor liquor." "You do, eh? Smoke?" "I never use tobacco in any form?" "Well, I didn't Buppose you ate It Do you frequent the race course?" "I never saw a horse race In my life, sir." "Om-m-m. Play cards' for money?" "Emphatically no, sir." "Well, young man I, must say you are heavily handicapped. My daugh ter Is a thorough society girl, and I can't for the life of me see what she Is going to do with you. However, it's her funeral, and if she wants to undertake the job she can risk It" Tlt-Blta. HAD AN ANSWER. "Why do you repeat so many jokes?" "Some of these jokes," replied the press humorist with dignity, "are worth impressing on people." Louis ville Courier-Journal. Pat's Deficiencies. Mrs. McCarthy's husband went out In a boat alone, the boat overturned and he was drowned. A friend met her some weeks later. "I hear," said he, "that Pat left you very well off that he left you $20,- 000." "True',' said Mrs. McCarthy. "He did." , "How was that?" asked her friend "Pat couldn't read nor write, could he?" "No," said Mrs. ' McCarthy, "nor swim." Hard to Tell. A noted horseman tells the story of a man who entered a horse in a cer tain race and made a bet on it When tho horses got away the man stood with the field-glasses glued to his eyes, watching the progress of his favorite. Some of the men who knew of the bet crowded around and asked how the horse was going. "Well." was the reply, "I can't Just make out whether he is the last in the third race or the first In the fourth." Llpplncott's. Forearmed. A Louisville man wno was enter ing the tobacco business wanted a name for a new brand that he was to 'put on the market according to Bueeeeo. He finally decided on "Antl Trust" and forwarded It along with the necessary papers, to the Patent OSes at waekingten. A few day later he reeetred the Mlewlng mee- "Sma Mati-TrMt' registered V A stork's Nest. Treasures Ono Yielded In an Alsatian Town. The following details concerning the structures and contents of a stork's nest Investigated on the summit of the Cathedral of Colmar In Upper Al sace may be of Interest: The city architect has Just delivered a public lecture there on "Storks and Their Ways." He described a stork's nest which waa about 80 years old; It measured 6 feet across and was 5 feet In height; it weighed sixteen hundredweight or over three-quarters of a ton, and it was such a solid mass that it had to be broken up by using a pickax. The nest was made of twigs of wood and clay and the ma terials filled twenty-four sacks. The walla of the nest were found to contain seventeen ladies' black stock ings, five fur caps, the sleeve of a white silk blouse, three old shoes, a large piece of leather and four buttons that had belonged to a railway port er's uniform. Prison for Obstreperous Tramps. Tramps who spend the week-end at Salisbury (England) workhouse are deprived of their clothes on Sun days and are compelled to remain all day In the cells In a shirt provided by the guardians. One tramp named Thomas demanded his clothes, and because he could not get them as saulted the porter and smashed the windows. The Salisbury magistrates sent him to prison for 21 days. The Immortal Bard. nnn of the critics says Shakespeare could never have written the words of a popular song. We are inclined to believe he might have done even that In one of his 'sonnets he makes "floft'at" rhyme with "sweets." S - T - A - T - E ? At Close of Business RESOURCES. . LIABILITIES. Cash and Reserve $ 52,562.69 pnT...tnl -,K , Loans 474;453.33 CaPtal , $75,000.00 Bonds and Mortgages 76,415.00 Surplus and Profit 39,948,59 Real 'Estate, Furniture and Deposits 508,482.43 Fixtures 20,000.00 $ 623,431.02 623,431.02 STATEMENT SHOWING GROWTH. Deposits May 26th, 1906 $136,341.72 " Nov. 26th, 1906 218,24337 " May 28th, 1907 290,872.14 " Dec. 16th, 1907 350,269.97 " May I9th, 1908 340,655.94 " Nov. 27th, 1908 408,857.61 " April 28th, 1909 469,078.90 " Nov. 6th, 1909 508,482.43 OFFICERS. E. C. MUMFORD, President. WH. F. RIEFLER. Vice President. J. A, FISCH, Cashlet DIRECTORS. Joel G. Hill Jacob F .Katz Frank Stelnman Wm. H. Krantz H. It. Ely, M. D. W. E. Perhara E. C. Mumford W. F. RIefler Thomas M. flanley Henry Snyder & Son. 602 & 604 Lackawanna Ave., Scranton. Pa. PAY HIGHEST MARKET PRICES FOR Poultry, Eggs, Butter, Lambs, Calves and Live Stock. Apples in Season A SQUARE DEAL FOR THE FARMER. Old Phone 588 B New Phone 1123 lII...II.H"II'aIa'lIIIII'I Telephone Announcement This company is preparing to do extensive construction work in the Honesdile Exchange District which will greatly improve the service and enlarge the system Patronize the Independent Telephone CompiR? which reduced telephone rates, anddo not contract for any other service without conferring with our GMtnct tepftrtMHt Til. Mi. 350. CONSOUMTEI TEIEPHW6 Ci. of PEMKHVAINA. H ; i , igijiiiiiiiiii . ' Hjl Roll of HONOR Attention is called totne STRENGTH of the Wayne County The FINANCIER of New York City has published a ROLL OB HONOR of the 11,470 State Banks and Trust Companies of United States. In this list the WAYNE COUNTY SAVINGS BANK Stands 38th in the United States Stands 10th in Pennsylvania. Stands FIRST in Wayne County. Capital, Surplus, $455,000.00 Total ASSETS, $2,733,000.00 Honesdale. Pa., May 29 1908., - M - E - N - T November 6th, 1909. Ren, F. Haines E. D. Penwarden KRAFT & CONGER HUE HONESDALE, PA. Represent Reliable Comninies ONLY i I 1RTS .I1M.M0.0M. put
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers