Ora- ar- pen- vere: , $6; Thos. aver, Stov- Por- ville, Peter pIo- 1 the loped e un- pense 3 ‘and e for rd of erned 11 pa- o thé unfa- ighth nley's union ith a econd orms, keep union orthy near op of The e feet rk to being at he 11 the aused \d ap- [dwell n the , saw riving ppear- n the® owing + pest. 1 lest this urned Hahn fense abeas | until s the of the hodist Rev. venth d be- of a ccess, er ,of s fear body tream cover- 1ilton, nilton 16x, r the eld & d the °n the ce in storia, wheat down They 2.40 a of the 1, was man- n the gland, f Cin- nches- ork. Ip Mec- called sed to » Ccom- Elks’ at no and ale of e was ernon, e Mec- ointee arian, weeks arried aire. st Liv. es by while fatally he ac- > ay \ & a ‘with his hands and looks. DR. CHAPMAN'S SERMON A SUNDAY DISCOURSE BY THE NOTED PASTOR-EVANGELIST. Subject: Two Hundred Fainting Men Every Person is Called Into the King- dom of God For a Purpose—We Shall Be Made to Account For Work Undone NEw York City.—The following schol- arly and readable sermon has been pre- pared for the press by the popular pastor- evangelist, the Rev. Dr. Wilbur Chap- man. The subject of the discourse is “Two hundred fainting - men,” apd it was preached from the text, “Two hundred ahode behind, which were so faint that they could not go over the Brook Besor.” I. Samuel 30: 10. ; : In some respects we are reminded in this story of the celebrated charge of the Light Brigade, possibly because there were 600 of David's soldiers, and perhaps be- cause they fought valiantly and won a great victory. While the rank and file would not compete with the men who fought at Sebastapol or Inkerman, for they had been a discontented lot in their homes and in their service, yet there were some really great soldiers among them, and they were as ready to die as were those 600 illustrious men who made the gallant charge not many years ago. ; At the time of the text David was liv: ing at Ziklag, and he and his men had been away in battle. The battle has been waged, the victory has been won and they are homeward bound. They have camped for the last night, and to-morrow morning they will be with their loved ones. The or- cr is given to break camp and forward march, and when they came to the hill where before them they could naturally see Ziklag the first man shades his eyes His face grows pale and he begins to shudder, for Ziklag is in ashes, and as they come nearer their wives and children and all their property have been carried away. They are about to turn upon David and stone him, but when he agrees to go after the enemy they turn away from the ruins of their homes and start in hot pursuit. They reach the Brook Besor, and then find that they have in their company men who are not able to go on, some because they are old,, others because they were crippled, and still oth- ers because thev were ill. The number comprised 200. In order that they might move more rapidly and battle more suc- cessfully all the heavy trappings were left with the 200 at the Brook Besor, and 400 men pursued the enemy. They overtake an Egyptian, who is left by the wayside as good as dead, and when they give him some refreshments and promise him that they will not let him fall into the hands of the enemy. neither will they put him to death themselves, he tells them the direc- tion that the enemy has gone, and pursu- ing after them they come suddenly upon them. They have been intoxicated with their great success, and although the bat- tle was fierce for a little while victory be- longs to David and his men. Their wives and children are theirs once more: most valuable treasure also is taken, and they have turned their faces back to the Brook Besor. Suddenly some one in the company begins to talk of the distribution of the plunder, and they have about decided that the 200 fainting men shall have nothing when David, with all the kingliness that it was possible for him to assume, declares “25 his part is that goes out to the battle so shall his part be that tarries by the stuffs. They shall share and share alike,” and then he turned to the Brook Besor and saluted his men. Every old soldier and every weak man received as much of a reward as if he had been in the front of the fight. : There is an impression abroad that the rewards for the Christian are given to those who have rendered conspicuous ser- vice; great preachers, great philanthro- pists. great martyrs. This is not so ac- cording to the text; neither is it true ac- cording to the teaching of the Bible. Re- wards are not given for the amount of noise made in the world, nor for the amount of good which we are supposed to have done, but whether we have worked up to our full capacity. : You doubtless remember Plato’s fable of the spirits that returned to this world each to choose a body for its sphere of work. One took the body of a king, an- other a poet. still another of a philosopher, and Ulysses came with great disappoint ment because all that was worth having was taken. when some one said the best is left. You may choose the body of a common man and do a common work and receive a common reward, and this he did. Tvery man is called into the kingdom of God for a purpose. There is no question about this. Just as in the makin of a great locomotive every piece must be con: structed by an exvert and every bit of work must be marked with the name of the workman, so that if the engine should break in Jerusalem or China the failure could be traced to the proper source. God expects every man to do his duty, and for every one in all the kingdom He has a plan of course. We are not all expected to perform the same mission. Paul has an illustration of this in First Corinthians, the 12th chapter. where he is describing the body where he says, ‘Ye cannot say to the hand, I have no need of thee, and if the body were an eye where were the hearing, etc.,”” but each performs its own mission, the uncomely parts receiving the greatest attention from the head. -So every one of us has a work to do. If we leaveit undone we shall be called to a strict ac- count. There are two kinds of work illustrated in the story of these soldiers and the 200 fainting men. One kind is marching forth under the gaze and admiration of the mul- titude, the other is just tarrying by the Brook Besor taking care of the stuff, and vet it has its reward. 11. How often the field to which God calls us seems to us to be exceedingly small. The business man who has gone to his office all this while, and goes through the round of commen tasks from morning to night, from one week’s end to another, year in and year out, chafling oft times be- cause he is doing so little and yet forget- ting that he can be “not slothful in busi- ness, fervent in spirit serving the Lord,” and because he does complain so much is missing his opportunity to do what the preacher never could do. The invalid upon her couch racked with pain and filled with complaint because her voice is never heard in the congregations of the people, won- dering why she ever lived, and crying out against God because she has suffered so in- tensely, thereby missing her opportunity to give a testimony which no one else could give but the invalid. One of our honored old ministers a week ago was plunged into great sorrow by the news of the death of his son. He had died by his own hand. When the news was broken to the father it seemed as if he would fall, when suddenly remembering the comfort which he had ever given to others he cried aloud, ‘Though He slay me yet will I trust Him,” and he never through all his ministry preached a better sermon. The mother in her home bound to her children, for while the chain may be silken it is still a chain, chafling because she can make her influence felt so little in the world, and yet forgets that she is doing what every angel in the skies would like te do, having an opportunity placed inher hands to mold a soul for eternity in the direction of the lives of her boys. If you find yourself in a discouraged position do as Paul did, make the best of it, for we remember what he said when he writes to the Philippians, “But. I would ye should understand, brethren, that the things which happened unto me have fallen out rather unto the furtherance of the gospel; so that my bonds in Christ are manifest in all the palace, and in all other places. Philippians 1: 12-13. There are those who say if I were only in a more enlarged sphere I would be brave and true, but this is not at all certain if you are not brave and true where you stand to-day. “Justewhere thou art lift up thy voice, ‘and sing the song that stirs thy heart; Reach forth thy strong and eager hand To lift, to save, just where thou art. Just where thou standest light thy lamp, 'Tis dark to others as to thee; Their ways are hedged by unseen thorns, - Their burdens fret as thine fret thee. “Out yonder, in the broad, full glare Of many lamps thine own might pale And thy sweet song amid the gear Of many voices slowly fail; While these thy kindred wandered on Uncheered, unlighted, to the end. Near to thy hand thy mission lies, Wherever sad hearts need a friend.’ First—Perhaps you are where you are because you have not filled full that posi- tion, and God will never call you to a higher place until’ you have ove flowed where you are. Mourning and fretting be- cause you are not where you want to be does not make things better. The bonds are only tightened by the fretfulness. Two birds in two cages in a room give an illus- tration. One dashing itself against the bars because it is imprisoned, injuring itself and stopping its song; the other singing as if it would outsing the lark in the mead- ows, and moving thereby its mistress to oven the cage and set it free. He who does the best he can where God has placed him has put his foot on the round of the ladder that leads up to higher things. Second—Usefulness is not the primary object for the Christian. We say, Oh, that we might be more useful,” but first rather let us desire to be more holy. for that is God’s will. There is nothing bet- ter for the most of us than sorrow or dis- appointment or trial because these things shape character. There is little merit in being good when everything about us makes us good, and usefulness is the result of character, is to character what the fra- grance is to the rose. The gardener does not aim first for the fragrance, but to make the rose perfect, and the fra- grance takes care of itself. If you study the sermons of Whitfield, Wesley, Spur- geon and Moody you may wonder why these sermons produced such mighty ef- fects. It was because the power was In the messenger rather than in the message. To be right with God, to be holy, to be like Christ, is our first duty, and through the door of holiness we pass to usefulness. In the early painting days of West, Morse, the philosopher, entered his studio. He was painting his masterpiece of “Christ Rejected,” when he said to his friend, “Tet me tie your hands and paint them in the picture,” and if you have ever seen this picture you have seen the hands of Morse painted in the stead of Christ. If vou are in bonds for Christ’s sake this very thought will take from you the sting of living possibly out of sight and doing only common things as you have done in other days, yet the time will. come when you will be free. ; Perhaps there are those here who are in bondage because they have never yet be- come Christians. In the old Water street mission there came one day a man bowed down with sin until he stood little more than four feet high, like a veritable dwarf, but when he bowed at the altar an yielded himself to Christ he stood up as straight as an athlete. Perhaps this is what you need. Sighing for peace, you have not found it, searching for pleasure ib has eluded its grasp. Oh, come to Christ to-day, for He may set you free. ; Then discipline may free us. Rawlins White, the old martyr, was decrepit and bowed with age, but when he stepped into the fire suddenly these bonds were snapped and his body was as straight as it had ever been in the days of his youth, and it may not be when sorrow came to you and your heart was almost breaking, when the flames of affliction took hold upon you that God’ was but seeking to free you from bondage and lead you out into a larger field of service. The thing from which you shrank away He meant for your edifica- tion. A dear friend of mine with whom I trav- eled recently said, “I was but an average Christian until one day God came unto my home and took my daughter, and then in the midst of my sorrow I yielded myself to Him, gave Him my time and my money and everything that I had, and I stepped out into a life of blessing such as I had never known, and I would not give the last twelve years for all my life before | put together.” ‘And then, too, we shall be free when we see Him. For the man whose sphere has been most circumscribed here will doubtless find when he stands in the presence of the King that he was but in a preparation for a mission among the saints at which the very angels might weld stand amazed. 117, If all these seem like hardships to us and we have been without comfort, then let us wait until the day of reward shall come. The mother who has had a hard time with her children, just wait and do your best. When Charles Wesley comes to judgment, and all the hosts that have been won to Christ by His power of music come, it will be a great day, and when John Wesley comes to judgment with all the souls of Methodism with him it will be a marvelous sight, but higher than the throne of either Charles Wesley or John will be throne of Susana Wesley, their mother. _ The old preacher who has been discour- aged oft times because his church was so small and his work so apparently insignifi- cant, needs only to wait until that great day, and when that old minister who preached in Falkirk stands in His presence to say possibly to Him, “Master, I had but a little field,” he will hear Him say, “But you led Robert Moffat to me,” and as Joseph Parker said the man who added Robert Moffat to the church added a conti- nent to the kingdom. And when the old English minister whose field was very cir- cumscribed, whose name is not generally known, stands in His presence to say, “Master, I did the best I could, but my church was small,” He will say to him, “But you led Charles Spurgeon to Christ, and Spurgeon led a multitude.” When Henry VIII. and Anne Boleyn came up the River Thames they had a great entrance into the city of London. Fifty barges followed the Lord Mayor. Officials were dressed in scarlet. Musicians chanted upon the banks of the river, and she who was to be the queen clad in gar- ments of beauty, walking upon velvet, en- tered Westminster Abbey, and the service was a great one, but it is as nothing com- pared to the end when the rewards are given to those who have simply been faithful. TI was sick, He will say, “and ye visited Me,” and the young Christian Endeavorer will say, ‘But, Master, when?” and He will answer, “it was when you walked through the wards of the hospital and gave a flower to this one and a cup of cold water to that one.” “I was weak and ye helped Me,” and this business man will say, “But, Master,when?”’ and He will an- swer, “It was the coin you gave to the man in the crowded streets of the city yester- day, and who but for that coin would have starved.” And to the mother who has cared for her children, and the business man who has faithfully performed the task of his business, and the father who has been true in his home He will say, “Inas- much as ye did it unto the least of these ye did it unto Me.” So you see it is not at all a question as to where we have labored or how small our experience has been, but have we done our best. If so, we shall receive a reward. SOUTH HADBILLSTOBURN FINANCIAL FACTS OF THE CONFED- ERACY SOUND LIKE ROMANCE: The First Currency Was Shabby Looking Stuff, Printed on Inferior Paper, and the Work of the Engraver Was Badly PDone-Greed of Speculators. The financial history of the Confed- erate States will never be written. The story of the unsuccessful effort of the Southern republic to create and maintain a currency would read like a romance in this practical, cold-blooded age. At the beginning of our Civil War the South had just closed a decade of exceptional progress and development, and her cotton product alone was in such general demand that it would have been easy to utilize it in a way that would have strengthened the new Government and given it a fair start. According to experienced financiers, the cotton stored on Southern planta- tions and in the warehouses ian the fall of 1861 might easily have been purchased by the Government for six per cent. Confederate bonds. It could have been shipped to Europe before the Federal blockade became efficient, and during the following three years it would have yielded the enormous sum of $1,600,000,0C0. And this money, mind you, would have been gold, the only curréney that is worth anything to a new nation forced to fight its way from the very first. The Southern hoople were patriotic and unselfish, as a rule, throughout their long struggle, and in the early days of the Confederacy all classes gave it their encouragement and sup- port in every possible way. The first Confederate currency was shabby looking , printed on in- ferior paper, afl work of the en- graver was so badly done that un- scrupulous persons in the North found it easy to turn out counterfeits, which soon flooded the entire South. . But the people welcomed it because it was the money of the Confederacy. They knew very little about Mr. C. G. Memminger, the Secretary of the "Treasury,) but he had been selected by President Davis, and that was enough for them to know. So-there was a currency craze from the beginning. Ilverybody wanted the new, crisp bills, and the prophets of evil kept their forebodings to them- selves: For some time the new money held its own. During the early months of 1861 those who came from the North and from Europe spent their gold and silver freely in Richmond and other Confederate cities. If anybody anticipated the rapid de- preciation and collapse of the currency he wisely held his tongue. In 1861, from January 1 to May 1, it depreciated five per cent.; by October 1 ten per cent. and by December 1 it had lost twenty per cent. In 1862 it took $2.50 in this money to buy $1 in gold on the 1st of Sep- tember. In 1863 it was down to three for one February 1, and twenty-one for one December 15. In 1864 it went down to twenty-three for one, September 15, and after At- lanta’s capture and destruction it de- preciated rapidly until the shoppers during the Christmas holidays found that $51 in Confederate currency was only equal to one little gold dollar. In 1865 it went down in a hurry. January 1 it was sixty for one; April 1 it was eighty for one. By April 28 the cause was hopeless. A dollar in gold then commanded $500 in Confed- erate bills. On the 29th of the same month it stood $800 for $1. The next day it was $1000 for $1, and on May 1 a dollar in gold brought $1200. the i last actual sale. Shortly after the fall of Savannah, in December 1864, the month’s pay of a Confederate private soldier would .only buy him a pound of meat. A decent hat was worth $200; a nice suit of clothes $600; a bushel of wheat from $40 to $50; a drink of good whisky. $10, and a horse several thousand dollars. Before the final collapse of the cur- rency in Richmond, beef, pork, and butter sold for $35 a pound, and flour brought $1400 a barrel. Just before the surrender at Ap- pomattox a private soldier’s pay for a month was equal to only 33 cents in gold. : , The mistake was made all through the war of turning out Confederate currency in vast quantities. The people could have done without hundreds of millions of dollars in this money if the Government had found a more satisfactory way of distributing It, When the currency became more worthless every day the speculators were more active than ever. They sprang up suddenly everywhere in the South—a gang of greedy, heart- less fellows, and through their extor- tionate methods they accumulated im- mense fortunes. A remarkable aristocracy of the new- Iy rich leaped to the front. Many of these speculators were without money or credit in 1860. In 1864 they were rolling in wealth. Georgia alone had fifteen millionaires, according to Con- federate values. The greed of the speculators caused indescribable suffering among the masses. Articles needed by every household and by the soldiers in the field were purchased in great quanti- ties by sharp traders, who ran prices up to fabulous figures. They tried to get hold of all the salt in the Confeder- acy and fix the price to suit themselves, In Georgia their scheme was not suc- cessful. Governor Joseph HE. Brown was determined to protect the people and tle soldiers. He seized the salt held above a reasonable price and sold it to the poor at the lowest possible figures. The Legislature also took hold of the | matter and established a salt bureau for the benefit of the people. This bu- reau operated extensive salt works, but the people were never afforded ade- quate relief, though the Legislature ap- propriated $500,000 at a time to buy salt for them and the Governor seized it right and left when the speculators charged too much. Some speculators were not oppressive or offensive. They let the necessaries of life alone and dealt in diamonds, gold and silver coin and greenbacks. They were to Le found in cvery Scuthern town of any size, and their extravagant and showy mode of living made it evident that they had prcs- pered. : It was unpopular to buy specie and greenbacks, rnd those who got rid of their Confederate currency in this way kept their transactions very quiet. In some localities it was considered almost treasonable for a man to ex- change Confederate currency for the currency of the enemy, and in more than one instance the purchysers were forced to leave the State. Never in the State’s history were there so many poor people. They were generally the families of the soldiers at the front, and the Legislature ap- propriated millions of dollars for their relief. 3 A Frequently the depreciation of Con- federate money worked great hard- ships. In some cases men tendered Confed- erate bills in repayment of gold, or other sound money, borrowed a year before the war. This was shamefully fraudulent. It was very like robbery to force a cred- itor to accept rag money when flour was $1400 a barrel, and sometimes the creditor would refuse to take the trash in place of the gold which he had loaned as an acccmmodation. But the debtor had the advantage. All that he had to do was to point out the creditor as a disloyal citizen whose guilt was clearly proved by his refusal to take the cutrency of the new Gov- ernment. It has always been the fashion to get off jokes and witticisms at the expense of Confederate money. Some years ago Colonel Henry D. Capers wrote several chapters of a history of this remarkable currency. The Colonel is inclined to look on the humorous side of life, and in his exag- gerated way lie published a statement to the effect that, after running the printing presses all day to supply the Government with money, the "toilers in the press room were allowed to run off bills all night to pay them for their work. Things were not quite that bad; but it must be admitted that the Govern- ment’s constant inflation of the cur- rency was a very serious blow to the Confederacy. However, it may not be amiss to re- mark that 'our patriotic forefathers, although successful in their struggle for independence, made no effort to redeem their Continental shinplasters. “Too much of it,” was their excuse, and they certainly had good grounds for their opinion.—Sunny South. Spectacles and Climate. Dr. Hull, of Pasadena, reads a need- ed lesson to Eastern physicians who are indifferent to or ignorant of the powerful influences for evil of eye- strain upon the general system, and who send their patients to California instead of to the home oculist. “It is surprising,” he ‘says, “how many neu- rasthenics cross the continent in search of health who have uncorrected errors of refraction, which are the largest fac- tors in their breakdowns.” The “glare of the sun” in this land of sunshine compels them upon arriving to seek the local oculist there, who, in relieving eye strain relieves also the stomach trouble, the headaches, the insomnia, depression of spirits, spinal exhaustion, ete., for which they came. Even when there is such organic disease as pul- monary tuberculosis the cure is hast- encd, complicating symptoms relieved and life made more enjoyable by this aid.—American Medicine. - How to Drink Water. A beginning of kidney trouble lies in the fact that people, especially women, do not drink enough water. They pour down tumblerfuls of ice water as an accompaniment to a meal, but that is worse than no water, the chill preventing digestion, and indi- gestion being an indirect promoter of kidney disease. A tumbler of water sipped in the morning immediately on rising, another at night, are recom- mended by physicians. Try to drink as little water as possible with meals, but take a glassful half an hour to an hour before eating. This rule persist- ed in day after day, month after month, the complexion will improve, and the general health likewise. Wa- ter drunk with meals should be sipped, as well as taken sparingly.—Good Housekeeping. Something About Gardeners. A skilled gardener commands easily a salary of from $1500 to $2000 a year. There are a dozen such men in this city, who have ten or more assistants, and who devote their own time only to the highest branches of the gardening art—to making orchid seedlings, to grafting and to originating new species of flowers. These men write for horti cultural magazines and get their pho: tographs in horticultural papers. Some of them have whole boxes full of med: als and ribbons from various flower shows. As a rule they are foreigners. They serve, in learning their art, an apprenticeship that is much lenger than the course of a medical college or a law school.—Philadelpbia Record, i WHY MT. PELEE EXPLODED. Gases Produced by Inrush of Sea Water Upon Lava. The fearful loss of life at Martinique - and the suddenness of the destruction | seem mysterious to most people, and are scorcely to be accounted for by any of the text books relating to vol- canic phenomena. But yet there appears to be-a simple and scientific explanation of all that occurred there in those few fearful minutes. Al geologists admit that the common cause of violent volcanic erup- tions is the generation of steam at enormously high pressure by water coming in contact with very het lava at great depths, and that the gases and “smoke” ejected are chiefly steam and cinders or ashes. But the surviving eye witnesses of the volcanic eruption at Martinique speak of the “tornado of fire’’” which suddenly swept over the city and killed most of the people and instantly set on fire the buildings and shipping; and also of the suffocating vapors that immediately killed most of those that escaped the outburst of flame. This fire can be fully explained by.the dis- cociation of the oxygen and hydrogen cf the water that came in sudden con- tact with intensely heated lava within the volcano. As it was probably sea water, the chlorine of the salt would also be sep- arated as a gas. These gases, escap- ing with great violence, and in vast volumes, mixed with steam, would eject the hot stones and cinders and then instantaneously explode in the open air, causing the intensely violent outburst of hot flames that swept down the mountain and over the town, for such a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen is among the most explosive of all known gases, and it produces an Intense heat. If chlorine were present, as was doubtless the case, it would also form an explosive mixture with the hydro- gen, generating hydrochloric acid gas. This is an exceedingly suffocating gas —deadly if inhaled in any considerable amount. It is always produced when sea water comes in contact with highly volcanoes near the sea. The burned condition in which most of the dead and wounded were found, and the evidences of suffocation in other cases, prove conclusively that this separation and explosive reunion of the elements of sea-water were the immediate causes of the “whirlwind of flame” and the sudden destruction of life. The vast explosive flame doubt- less reached the city before the stones that were ejected by the same out- burst of the gases could fall there. The writer, in teaching geology dur- ing many years, has always applied this explanation to other violent vol- canic eruptions, like that of Krakatoa, in opposition to the text books, but the eruption at Martinique proves its correctness most completely. At Kra- katoa no'eye witnesses were left alive to tell what happened. A similar explosive effect, on a small scale, is produced when a small quan- tity of water is thrown upon the very hot coals in a furnace. The hydrogen separates from the oxygen of the water and then explodes with an out- burst of hot flames. Instances have occurred when terrible explosions have been produced by water accidently get- ting into blast furnaces and other very hot furnaces. In all such cases great volumes of hydrogen are liberated, and mixing with the air explode very violently, with the production of very hot flames. In a volcano the hot lava and the water are in unlimited quantities and under enormous pressures, far beyond any that can be produced artificially.— A. E. Verrill, Yale Universitv. New Haven. Germ-Carrying Pigeons. An epidemic of scarlet fever, start- ing in Cincinnati, has spread in the last few weeks through a number of towns in Ohio, and the he:lth authori- ties, after taking extraordinary pre- cautions to confine the disease within the limit of its first ravages, were puzzled to understand the means by which it was carried elsewhere. They made an investigation and have now come to the conclusion that much of the contagion was spread by tame pigeons and doves which carried the contagion from place to place. The evidence on which this theory is based is that scarlet fever spread under strict quarantine from a house on the roof of which there was a large pigeon cote. The only live stock about the house not quarantined was the pigeons, which flew about the neigh- borhood. If they didn’t carry the disease germs the authorities don’t know how the fever was spread.—New York Sun. Dust-Borne Disease. In the discussion at the recent con gress of surgeons in Berlin on the first aid to the wounded on the battlefield it was brought out by Burns, Bartels mann and others that the danger in modern warfare is not so much from primary inflection by the small-caliber projectile of rapid-fire rifles as from secondary infection by contamination of the wound from the clothing or the dust of the battlefield. The effect cf the field svwrgeon is, therefore, more to ex- clude septic and tetanus germs than to disinfect the wound. But to come nearer home, the danger of dust is em. phasized by the report that New York City has over 450 street sweepers on the sick list with diseases due to the inhalation of infectious dust. A num. ber of infections are so commonly conveyed in dust as to merit the desig- nation of “dust diseases.” Of these cerebro-spinal meningitis is of frequent occurrence mouths. American Medicine. ‘western United States—Mt. heated lava deep within the crater of in cities during the spriog | Prilg | . law school.—Philadelphia Record. i that an analysis of a sample of mineral dust from the Martinique eruption— dust which fell on the ship Alesandro del Bueno, which was at the time about one hundred miles distant from the island—gave results as follows: Silica, 53.34 per cent.; sesqui-oxide of iron and aluminum, 30.68 per cent.; calcium oxide, 10.77 per cent.; magnesium oXx- ide, 4.12 per cent.; sulphur, 0.7 per cent.; phosphorus, a trace. The pow- der is highly magnetic. There is a plant in Holland known ag the evening primrose, Which grows tc a height of five or six feet, and bears a profusion of large, yellow flowers, so brilliant that they attract immediate attention, even at a great distance. But the chief peculiarity about the plant is the fact that the flowers, which open just before sunset, “burst into bloom so suddenly that they give one the impression of some materialagency A man who has seen this sudden blooming says it is just as if some one had touched the land with a wand and thus covered it all at once with a golden sheet. Says the National Geographic Maga- zine: Glittering snowfields and vast glaciers now cover the summits of the mighty volcanic mountains of the Shasta, 14,350 feet; Mt.. Ranier, 14,525 feet; Mt. Hood, 11,225 feet, and other noble peaks. One of the most remarkable of these extinct volcanoes is the well- known Mt, Mazama, in Oregon. The crater of Mt. Mazama is now occupied by a lake five to six miles in diameter. The lake is 6239 feet above the sea, is 1975 feet deep and sufrounded by al- mest vertical walls, towering 900 to 2200 feet. This is the only crater lake in the United States. ‘We are in the habit of seeking the shade of a tree as a means of getting ccol, but that is not the only power it has of reducing the temperature. On the same principle that a lump of ice will cool a glass of water a tree will cool the air around it, because its own temperature is uniformly about forty- five degrees; that is to say, the tem- perature of a tree as a body. This is little understood, perhaps, but it is a recognized scientific fact, and it adds much force to the argument in favor of planting trees in cities. A clump of trees is capable of making a ma- terial reduction in temperature. The woods, therefore, are cool, not only because they are shady, but because the trees are constantly fighting off the heat. The scientific cause of a tornado’s destructive effect is not generally un-’ derstood. The effect is produced by different air-pressures. The normal air- pressure on all surfaces at sea level is 17.7 pounds for each square inch, or about 2117 pounds for each square foot. The pressure in the centre of a tornado, in the dark “funnel,” is one- fourth lighter; that is to say, about 520 pounds lighter. Now, before a tornado reaches a house, the air-pres- sure on every square foot of wall, in- side and out, and of roof and floor, is 2117 pounds, and as this pressure is exerted in every direction, it is not appreciable. But when the tornado comes the pressure on the outside of the house is suddenly reduced to the extent of 529 pounds, while the inside pressure remains unchanged. The in- evitable result is an explosion from the inside. The walls and dcors of a house under these circumstances are always blown outwards, not inwards. When Mountain Climbing Began. Now that Cecil Rhodes has estab lished the poetry and romance of the Matoppos it is worth recalling how very modern is this love of mountains and mountain scenery. Even till the eighteenth century was more than halt told their rugged grandeur was re- garded with superstitious awe on the one hand, and with entire indifference on the other. For Europeans the Alps stood as typical; yet it was not till 31786 that the summit of Mont Blanc was reached by Jacques Balmot, tempted .by the reward offered by M de Saussure, who himself made the expedition the following year in silk - coat, silver buttons and smart shoes. —so little was mountaineering under: stood. But it was not till after 1851. the year when Albert Smith, having climbed Mont Blanc, gave a popular entertainment at the Egyptian Hall concerning his experiences that the great rush of tourists to Mont Blanc and the Alps began. Whereas be: tween 1786 and 1850 there were only fifty-seven ascents. and then mostly for scientific purposes, from 1852 te 1357 tbere were sixty-four ascents, and ihe Alpine Club, started in 1858, became an inevitable corollarv.—Lon- don Chronicle. Something About Gardeners. A skilled gardener commands easily a salary of from $1500 to $2000 a year. There are a dozen such men in this city, who have ten or more assistants, and who devote their own time only te thre highest branches of the gardening art—to making orchid seedlings, to grafting and to originating new species cf flowers. These men write for horti- cultural magazines and get their pho- tographs in horticultural papers. Some cf them have whole boxes full of med- als and ribbons from various flower sliows. As a rule they are foreigners. They serve, in learning their art, an. apprenticé®hip that is much longer than the course of a medical college ot
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers