PAI Strongly Fortified But Not Able to With- - stand Watson's * The most important of the coast «cities of Spain on which Admiral Watson fixed his glittering eye is Cadiz, on the southwestern coast, be- ‘tween Cape St. Vincent and Gibraltar. ‘It is the principal city of the Pxovince .of Andalusia, the garden of Spain, .and has a population of about 60,000 ;souls. Andalusia is the theme of the most glowing descriptions of travelers in Spain, and it is often characterized .as the most beautiful country and the finest climate on the globe. In'that land spring is well advanced in Feb- ruary, and there is a marvelous blend- ing of northern and southern vegeta- tion. Apple and pear trees blossom by fhe side of oranges, cacti and aloes, and the ground everywhere is covered with flowers. In the valleys .evon the banana, cotton and sugar cane are grown, while the fruits of this region are esteemed the best in Spain. Cadiz is built on the extremity of a tongue of land projecting abomt five [ miles into the sea and enclosing be- tween it and the mainland a magnifi- <ent bay. The site very much resem- bles that of some of the West Indian «cities, particularly San Juan, in Porto Rico. Seen from either side, the city appears as an island, and it is known far and wide as the ‘““White City.” De Amicis says: ‘“To give an idea of Cadiz, one could not do better than write the word ‘white’ with a pencil on blue paper and make a note on the margin, ‘Impressions of Cadiz.’’” The natives call it ‘‘The Silver Dish,” and it has also been likened to an ivory model set in emeralds. Every house in the city annually receives a coat of whitewash, which is glaring and dis- agreeable when new, but soon mel- lows to a fine ivory tint. For the uni- formity and elegance of its buildings ‘Cadiz must be ranked as one of the finest cities in Spain, and it is said to surpass all others in cleanliness, al- though the death rate is nearly forty- five per thousand. The city is six or seven miles in cir- cumference, and is surrounded bya wall with five gates, one of which com- municates with the isthmus. The rail- road station is just outside the wall, as are alsomany of the business houses of the place. The walls are thirty to fifty feet high, nineteen feet thick, and on the side of the bay, where it is ar- ranged in broad terraces, is a favorite place for walking in the evenings. This is known as the Alameda, and commands a fine view over the ship- . A FV spaNIsH\ MILKMAN. ping and ports on the opposite side of the bay. Cadiz is strongly fortified; in fact, the whole city is a fortress protected by ramparts and bastions. It is de- fended by the forts of San Sebastian, on a long, narrow tongue projecting westward out to sea; Santa Catalina, on a high rocky line, to the northwest of the city, and forming part of its wall; Matagorda and Puntales Castle, on either side of the narrow approach to the inner bay, and Fort San Fer- nando, otherwise known as the Cor- tadura, an intrenchment south of the city on the long narrow isthmus con- necting it with the mainland. , Cadiz is said to have been founded eleven hundred years before Christ, and even under the Romans it was a emporium of trade. In the seven- teenth and eighteenth centuries it reached the zenith of its greatness, and most of the trade of Spain with her Fleet. beautiful cities of the world,” and Washington Irving had many pleasant things to say of it in his day, but now it is the great factory town of Spain. Including the suburbs, where all the factories are located, its population is 500,000. The old city, as distinguished from the modern additions growing out of the industrial developments of the place, has played an important part in the history of the world since the days when it was raised by Augustus to the rank of a Roman colony. But the Catalonians, or Catalans, whose capital forts, and down near the shore are many powerful batieries. The hill on the east is 920 feet high, and is crowned by the Castillo de San Julian; that on the west is 650 feet above the water, and the fort upon its summit is called the Castillo de las Galeras. The harbor is sheltered by the island called La Escombrera, two and a half miles from the narrow entrance, which breaks the force of wind and waves, and the town is still further protected by two other forts, the Atal- aya on the summit of a hill 6565 feet high on the west, and the Castillo de Despenaperros on the east. Cartagena has had a stormy exist- ence for more than twenty centuries. As early as 210 A. D. it was taken with great slaughter by Scipio the Younger. In425 A. D. it was pil- laged and nearly destroyed by the Goths. Under the Moors it formed an independent kingdom, which was conquered by Ferdlnand II. of Cas- tile in 1243. The Moors retook it, but it fell into Spanish hands again in 1276. The town was rebuiltt.by Philip II. of Spain on account of its harbor. In 1706 it was taken by the om g— Ww AARNE ema EE ISLAND OF CEUTA, SPAIN’S PENAL SETTLEMENT. 7 it is, consider themselves first Cata- lans, afterward Spaniards, and for a long time the people did not know whether they wished to be French or Spanish. Even at the present day they are quick to protest against any action in Madrid which is not to their interests. They have been infrequent revolt, although in all other respects the Province of Catalonia is the scene of fewer lawless deeds than any other part of Spain. Barcelona is famous among tourists for its cathedral, one of the finest specimens of church achitecture in THE PEAK of “a Europe, and for the Rambla, a wide, well-shaded street nearly a mile long, extending right through the city and a favorite promenade. It resembles the boulevards of Paris in many re- spects. Another famous Spanish sea- port is Bilbao, in Biscay. It has many curious sights, the most famous of which is the tree tower. The ancient walls of Barcelona were torn down after a long period of street rioting by the Catalans, who were determined to remove them in order to allow industrial expansion, and their places have been taken by wide streets. To the southwest of the ancient city is a crest or high hill, which breaks down precipitously to the sea. It is called Montjuich, and its summit is occupied by the Cas- tillo de Montjuich, a strong fortress, said to have accommodations for 10,- 000 men. Cartagena, sometimes called Cartha- gens, is a small place of about 30,000 inhabitants, but its harbor is the finest on the eastern coast of Spain, and is very strongly fortified. The place was founded about 243 B. C., more than twenty centuries ago, and was originally known as Carthage Nova, or New Carthage, to distinguish it from the African city. It is now the seat of a Captain-General, and one of the three largest marine de- partments. The towns lie on the north side of a deep, narrow-mouthed bay, and its streets are spacious but not impos- ing. The stone of which most of the houses were constructed is friable and the whole appearance of the place is dilapidated. But a good deal of busi- ness is done, principally from the mines nearby, which are very produe- tive. Thousands of men are em- ployed in transporting lead, copper, iron, zinc. and sulphur to the port. Large quantities of esparto grass are grown near the town and it consti- tutes one of the principal exports. Tt is used in the manufacture of paper. Sym JA TN - ~ pers Tr pd CADIZ AND ITS HARBGR—THE MOLE AND LIGHTHOUSE IN THE DISTANCE. = =| = — > ve - 4 colonies passed through Cadiz. In the beginning of the present century it had fallen to almost nothing. With the opening of the railway to Seville and improvements effected in the har- bor, trade began to increase, and it is ggain an important port. More than a thousand vessels enter each year, of which about half are steamships. . Barcelona is pre-eminently the busi- ness. city of Spain, and lies on the Mediterranean coast; near the north- eastern boundary. It was described by Cervantes as ‘‘the flower of the The town is walled and is over- looked by the Castillo de la Concep- cion, a hill some 230 feet high, within the wall and crowned with fortifica- | tions. In the northern part of the | place there are three other hills in- | side the walls, similarly fortified, and | to the east, beyond the railroad which | comes in from Murcia, is a high hill, | and the Castillo de las Moros. narrow entrance to the harbor is| flanked by high hills, bregking down | by precipitous voleanic cliffs on either side. On the summits are strone - The | English, and in the next year was re- taken by the Duke of Berwick. Ing 1823 it capitulated to the French, and in 1844 was the scene of an insurrec- tion. About thirty years later it re- belled again, and on the 23d of] August, 1873, was bombarded by the | Spanish fleet under Admiral Lobos. | Six months later it was otcupied by troops. : Malaga is the oldest and most fa- mous of Spanish seaports and has a population of nearly 120,000. It was founded by the Phcenicians, and was brought under the sway of Rome by Scipio. In the middle of the thir- teenth century it reached its zenith, and after its capture in 1487 by Fer- dinand and Isabella it sank into insig- nificance; but in modern times it be- came famous for its grapes and wines. The climate is very mild, and oranges, figs, sugar cane and cotton thrive. Recently Malaga has taken a promi- nent place as a manufacturing town, but most of the factories are in the new part of the town, on the right bank of the river which divides it? Malaga is not fortified, and looks directly out upon the Mediterranean; but its southern part merges into the slopes of the foothills of the Cerro Colorado, some 560 feet above the bay. On the summit is the Castillo de Gibralfaro, the acropolis of Malaga. Ceuta is Spain’s pet island colony for convicts, and commands the ap- proach to Gibraltar and the Mediter- ranean, The Canaries are all there is between Watson and this grim isl- and, where, under the cover of for- bidding walls and mountains, Spain = \ § 5 4 AST \\ TE EE ZA = B31 ZOPe IX] SA DDDY | ODIDNY iL) hE SINE by | 21 Sle TREE TOWER AT BILBAO. has tortured her exiled prisoners for oepturtes past. Ceuta is a rock- ribbed, rock-bound island off the northeast coast of Fez, Morocco, and is twelve hours’ sail from the entrance to the Straits of Gibraltar. It might as well be called the island of the seven hills, for from these it derives its name. Of these the most enn- spicunoue is Monte ‘del Hacho, which looks out toward Spain like a signal point set up to say ‘‘All’'s well.” Stretching back from the mountain a narrow peninsula connects the island with the main land of Africa. Onthis neck of land the town of Ceuta is buitt. All around are fortifications, the high hills put up there by nature and the prison walls and moats built in succession by conquerors and re- modeled and rpbuilt by their suc- cessors and strengthened again by the Spaniards when they made of it a prison hell. The seven walls coiled about the town itself are thickandim- passable, save here and theve where arched bridges have been cut through. Between each wall there is a deep moat of sea water, set down like a seductive trap to catch any unfor- tunate convict who might escape the vigilant guards stationed all around the walls. Every one of the seven hills is fortified now. Up high on Monte del Hacho there is a strong citadel garrisoned by Spanish soldiers. Here and there the walls are pierced bv tbe noses of cannon. but there is no evidence that they have ever been used except for signaling, and it is doubtful if they could be brought to much better use, owing to their im- movability. The Canaries, that colony of Spain off the northwest African coast, have only two ports of any consequence, Teneriffe and Las Palmas, and the inhabitants are a painfully peaceful lot of non-combatants, wretchedly de- fended, poorly armed and likely to run up the white flag at the first sight of a war ship. THE PRISONERS OF WAR. Spain's Captured Sallors Are Contented With Their Treatment. The naval battle off Santiago,in which AdmiralCervera’s fleet was annihilated, has placed in the keeping of the Gov- ernment about fifteen hundred pris- oners. These sailors, who left their native shores for the purpose of do- ing damage to American coasts and to capture or sink our ships, are living contentedly at Camp Long, Seavey’s Island, Portsmouth, N. H., which was prepared expressly for them. These sailors are a study, and for many reasons. They represent the national type; they show the quality of men who form the Spanish army and navy; they are unmistakable evi- dences why the Spanish Government was able to plunge the people into a war which threatens the reigning dynasty with greater dangers than those of peace. The captured sailors are made up of men and boys. In their ranks can be seen the gray haired veteran, who has spent his life in the Spanish navy, down to the smooth and innocent faced boy, who, were he an American, would yet be at school, enjoying his youth. The suffering the prisoners endured Sree L RS nt 3 —~; an Dl TAS LL i a—- TYPICAL SPANISH SAILOR, A PRISONER OF WAR ON SEAVEY’S ISLAND. . while they were in Santiago Harbor, and the effects of the naval battle, made many of them look extremely wretched. When they landed at Camp Long they had hollow cheeks, sunken eyes and sallow complexions. Many of them were barely able to move and bandages. covered their wounds. It is a surprising fact that the greater number of the prisoners are boys, and yet this illustrates much better than anything else the despera- tion of the Spanish Government. Taken from their homes and impressed into the service where their heart is not, it is hardly surprising that the Spanish navy was so easily defeated at Manila and Santiago. The type of the Spanish sailor between the veteran and the boy is a fair specimen of the peasantry class. Under normal conditions he is a strong, able-bodied fellow, willing to work when commanded, unlettered and superstitious. that these sailors have a deal of faith in their officers, as the scenes of thefr parting testify, and the sailors would: be willing to follow their officers’ wherever they were led. ile Now that they are prisoners; on | American soil, they ars receivirgithe treatment which, it can be safely said, has rarely been given to captured foe in time of war. They are receiving every consideration. Comfortable quarters have been provided, good food and decent clothes have fallen to their lot. They are made to feel as Admiral Cervera so prettily said, that these prisoners ‘‘are the wards of the American people.” That expresses it. We are civilized, and treat-oni unfor- tunate enemies in a civilized way. These sailors are beginning to ap- preciate their treatment. Their minds have been disabused of the falsehoods they were told by their officers. The prisoners were told we would kill them if they fell into our hands. Allowing for the misfortunes they have suffered, they are happy in their imprisonment, and their natures are softened by such kind treatment. As they are naturally dull, they do not indulge in much amusement in their confinement. They associate in groups and spend most of the time talking, probably about their folks at home, their mothers, wives and chil dren, as the case may be. Some of them play cards, and pass the hours that way. Some walk around for ex- ercise, but as a whole the sailors dc not seem to be very fond of it. They like to lay around and take life easy, and thankful for whatever comes their way. 3 Seavey’s Island is well guarded, sa that if any attempt to escape is made it will be frustrated. Marines patrol the grounds around,’and machine guns face the big- yard in which the vrisoners take their excercises, is of lace run There is no doubt PR TTT TT TT ITITIITITTYIO YY PT TY FOR WOMAN'S BENEFIT. : + PIP TRIIITRTIRYYROY , II Tighter Skirts. Skirts of tailor made gowns are to be fitted very tightly next winter. At the feet they will flare in bell shape. Trimmings for Velvet Cape. A cape of velvet is elaborately trimmed with very rich galloon. The decoration is carried to a pitch that almost’suggests excess. In addition to the galloon there is an edging of rich lace, which is gathered very full and so adjusted: that the lower edge of the lace and the edge of the gar- ment meet. A feature of such trim- ming seems to be to place it not be- low the edge of the garment but even with it. Imitation Jewels in Favor. drawn down, within half an inch of the eyebrows, and then deeply fluted by the irons, This is one of the soft- est frames a face can be set in, and when the waves are properly made and adjusted they give the face a peculiarly tender and plaintive ex- pression. Women whose locks are undeniably turning and who are too courageous to yield to the blandish- ments of the hairdresser, adopt for the evening a pretty fantaisie coiffure called the Frincess de Lamballe. For this the hair is lightly flaked with powder in front, rolled softly back, waved a little, then gathered into a cluster of coils, held in place by a tor- -toise shell, or pale green shell comb. A delicate fringe is permitted to crop out about the brow and the head is | crowned by a half garland of tiny pink | to whom Imitation jewels are gaining favor | every day, in spite of the superstitious prejudice that makes some women look askance even at a rhinestone buckle. Barrel-shaped buttons in diamonds, pearls, tarquoises or opals are new and effective. They are placed | at intervals on the narrow waist band. Most of the paste jewels are set in oxi- dized silver or sfeel, but probably the prettiest imitation ornaments for even- ing gowns are in paste made up .into some of the most beautiful shapes after the designs of the Louis XIV and Louis XV periods. How to Tie the Bow. Made-up neck bows have veered around before the wind of fancy, and ribbon stocks do not twist their co- quettish knots either in front or be- hind. Tie your bow under your left ear and let the loops and ends stick out just as far as you please. In the lists of new neckties are noticed nar- rowest folds of gros-grain silk. This is esteemed as far more modish than the long-tried and more-wanting satin. The gros-grain ties knot in the most miniature bows in front, for all neck decoration with shirt waists runs now to one or two extremes. shirt waist collars are of two species, either very, very high—regular ear- clippers—else bands of white linen that have very narrow turnovers of faintly tinted or speckled percale. Some Styles in Footwear. The woman who desires fashionable these days to suit her taste. In Lon- don dainty oxfords may be secured in | either tan or green glace kid. For more dressy wear there are what are known as ‘‘Cromwell shoes,” which have pronounced buckles in jet or silver. The athletic girl has styles from which to choose. buckskin is worn in London for boat- ing. Cycling shoes with rubber soles, which prevent the foot from slipping | and white noisette roses, Women’s Clubs in the United States. It will undoubtedly surprise those women’s clubs are but a name that there are more than 2410 clubs scattered throughout the coun- try, with a total membership of half a million women. Furthermore, this number includes only clubs that are regularly organized and federated,and not the hosts of social, literary, edu- cational and musical or patriotic soci- eties, which from time to time are ab- sorbed into, the federation, that is steadily increasing. This club move- | ment began in 1852, with one or two "small societies, It has extended | throughout the United States and has { India, England and Australis. branches in Africa, South America, Wom- | en’s clubs may be divided into three great classes: Those organized for ' self-improvement of their own mem- | work bers, those whose object is practical effort in the furtherance of some cause believed to be good, and those who for mutual improvement and the advancement of social conditions in the home and in the community. | The great department clubs, like the | Sorosis and Chicago Woman's club, are, perhaps, the most typical. In addition to the study of art, litera- | ture, music and drama, they are en- Novel | the lines economics, gaged in practical work on of philanthropy, social | finance and parliamentary law. Maine | was the first state to take up the spe- | cial work of education. Minnesota, | Towa, Utah and Colorado have been | very active in the cause of education ( and village and town | and some of the southern states,nota- } ) 1€ | bly Georgia and Tennessee, are doing footwear can surely find something in | improvement, much in the way of educating the { mountaineers by means of reading cir- cles and traveling libraries. The | Woman’s club of New Orleans has es- { tablished night schools, and the edu- | Federation, many | A white | the most complete plans for carrying | on ‘ation committee of the New York which consists of 181 clubs and nearly 25,000 women, has work. —Chicago its educational | Times-Herald. from the pedal, are in demand by de- | votees of the wheel. For house and | evening wear there are shoes made of | bronze and fine kid, decorated with ! jewels, having a single, double or triple straps across the instep. ¥ashion’s Fancies. White satin, embroidered with gold for yokes and full fronts, is stylish. Modified shirtwaists with big sailor . collars, for wee girls, are being worn, ‘ i Some women send cuttings of the silk or | satin of which their dresses are made to their shoemakers and have dainty slippers made of the same material. Mannish Gloves Loosing Favor. The severely plain glove is not gain- ing ‘in favor, according to one thority. stitching and trimmings, for clasps and hooks instead of buttons, and a [ son, although not so much The tucks on lingerie are now placed, from one-eighth to half an inch apart. Albatross will still be worn this sea- as form- erly. | this season for seaside and au- | There is a demand for fancy | Pique will be as much used as ever mountain wear. White mousseline de soie is still a | favorite and will be for some time to decided preference for pale tans and ! grays and deep Russian green for the street, and for light yellows, pearl shades, pink and green for evening wear. Novelties are out in tan, with cole. Tiny turtle shapes stick pins, brooches, used for and are buttons | buckles. pink stitching, black with yellow, yel- | low with lavender and ox blood with green. The lambskin two-clasp glove in all color is the correct thing to wear with tailor-made costumes. An odd glove that is to be introduced for evening wear is of suede to the wrist. From the wrist to above the elbow it through with narrow In some cases these ribbons The glove ribbons. are spangled with sequins, is secured at the top by ribbons run | ‘through a heading of embroidery and tied in a bow. A Woman Gold Miner, A new field of work for enterprising women is the gold field. Witness the experience of plucky Jennie Hilton, a 30-year-old gold miner, who recently set out for the Klondike. All her life Miss Hilton lias been an enthusiast in | mineralogy. Forcedto make her own way in the world,she became a schoel | teacher; bat a preliminary trial of the prospector’s life so delighted her that at once she resigned her position and | e ! ; able at the present time. took up the life of a practical miner, drawing her uncle and her brother into her enthusiastic plans. Since that time she has trampel over hundreds of miles of difficult mountains and bar- ren plains, working for months where the thermometer stood at 115 degrees in the shade, daring the neighborhood of the most lawless men and the wild- est camps, and always meeting with courteous treatment. With remark- able skill, courage and determination, one of Arizona's hottest deserts, and traveled among investors until she sold it. That was her first success. It has been followed by others, and she is now worth $45,000. —The Path- finder. The Curly Bang in Style, The enrly bang, after a season two of suppression, 1s beginning {0 fringe out rather luxuriantly again. It runs in a row of coquettish little enrls from ear to ear over the forehead, while those women who suffer too extensive spread of brow are adopting a very clever modification of the old style water wave. Instead of O1 plastering wisps of soapy hair flat to | the forehead, a broa:l bandeau is i to the eflects from | Golfers’ sunshades, with handles that are exact replicas of the clubs,are popular. this lace Persian lawn wiil be popular year, and will be trimmed with edgings. Black net gowns over white, with burnt orange collars and belts, make a pretty appearance. little tind Young women wishing a heavier material than gauze will white batiste satisfactory. An old favorite that is being vived is the white grenadine, fancy dots of white chenille. re- with Ruflles of silk or net, finished with black velvet ribbon, are seen on a great many of the new skirts. The butterfly fan is one of the nov- elties of the It is gayly adorned with tinsel and spangles. Season. A new fabric is the ‘‘Radiant’” drap de sole. This is a heavy silky ganze material, well adapted to the present clinging style. most fashion- They are made with manylace-edged ruttles and bows of ribbon. Dotted Swisses are Black lace gowns over white silk foundations meet with general ap- prosal. In this way it is possible to use silk that is somewhat soiled with- out it being noticeable. In cloaks, coachman gray continues much in favor, but has a formidable rival in a light shade of Havana, | which promises to be extremely fash- she found and opened a gold mine in | ionable. White is generally used in the combination. Thunder and Lightning. said that lightning may be Tt is | recognized at a distance of two hun- {dred miles when the clouds among which it plays are at a high altitude. but that thunder can seldom be heard at a greater distance than ten The sound of thunder is also subject to refraction by layers of different density in the atmosphere, as well as ‘‘sound shadows,” produced by hills and other interposed objects. These are among the rea- sons for the existence of the so-called “sheet,” or ‘summer,” lightning, which seems to be unattended by niiles, of | thunder. —Youth’s Companion,
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers