REACRNAACRNNN CARING FORTHE WO MODERN HOSPITAL SERVICE ON AMBULANCE THE BATTLE-FIELD AND IN THE SHIP. RN The Government devotes muah time to arrangements for the comfort and treatment of its wounded soldiers, and the medical department of the army has made so many improvements in that direction in the course of the last ten or fifteen years that some of the surgeons who saw service in the Civil War find a new state of affairs at the present time. During the Civil War the medical corps was much smaller than it is at present, and, aside from the regular medical officers and hos- pital stewards, there were few men in the regiments who could be utilized for field hospital work intime of need. About ten years ago the hospital corps was organized in the United States Army, and the system has been followed by nearly all the National Guard organizations, with the result that a great hospital corps, working under identical rules and regulations, exists in the regular and citizen armies, and is so well equipped and trained that the battle-field risks have been reduced. In the United States Army thege are now to every company of sixty men four who are detailed as litter-bearers. = When the companies are larger there are more litter-bear- ers, and a full company of 100 men would be entitled to eight men. In addition to these there are stewards and acting stewards and privates who are detailed for hospital corps service, and these men receive regular instruc- tions in first aid to the injured. surgeons, and a source of comfort to his wounded comrade.” Se Surgeons who took their first degree in the Civil War say that thousands of men might have been saved in the course of that conflict if the present system had been in vogue. ‘‘It was not only the private,” said an Army surgeon, ‘‘who failed to re- ceive proper attention because of inade- quate preparations and insufficient help. General officers shared the same fate, and died on the battle-fields from who render first ald are not supposed to dress the wounds of the men whom they pick up and carry to the rear, but their business is to bandage broken limbs so that the bones do not chafe and scarify the flesh, to make the men as comfortable as pos- sible and in all cases to stop hemor- rhages. They know the anatomy of the human body well enough to apply compress bandages at the proper places and prevent the flow of blood, and they know also when and how to administer stimulants and restora- tives. “When the man has been carried to the rear to the field hospital the work of the first aid’ men is over, and the patient goes into the hands of the regular medical officers. The treat- ment is the same as it would be in any well-regulated hospital. There are points and features about a hospital ~ { 3 ¥ 5 CUBANS CARRYING ew THEIR WOUNDEL <4 .-OFF THE FIELD = 3 == ho pe — "x SEWING Up: BNA x Ihe peap YA, 4 = pa GREWSOME SCENES ON THE BATTLE-FIELDS AND IN THE HOSPITALS. wounds which under the present ar- rangements would not be necessarily fatal. -A notable example was General Albert Sidney Johnson, of the Con- federate Army, who was shot in the thigh at the battle of Pittsburg Land- ing. His surgeon was about to attend to him when he heard that another of- RED CROSS NURSE MINISTERING TO ONE OF UNCLE SAM'S DOYS. The regulations prescribe that there shall be one hospital steward at every post, and two hospital stewards if the garrison has six companies, and one for every additional six companies. At every post of two companies there is an additional acting steward, and three privates are detailed for hos- pital corps duty at every post, and this number is increased when the post consists of more than two cem- panies. The stewards and acting stewards are men who have some knowledge of pharmacy; many of them have le2en licensed to practice as drug- gists, and the privates who are selected to act with them are always chosen because of their general intelligence, and even in time of peace these men, by constant practice, attain a high degree of proficiency in first aid to the injured. ‘‘But the Government has gone still further in the matter,” said Colonel Burns, the officer in charge of the ficer, of whom he thought much, had been wounded. He asked the surgeon to minister to the other officer, and be- fore the medical man returned to the place where Johnston was resting, surrounded by his staff officers, the General had bled to death. There were similar cases on every battlefield, and we should see the same distress- ing scenes in this war if the medical service had not been improved.” In the National Guard commanding officers may cause to be enlisted in their hospital corps or transferred to it from compani:s men suitable for such service to the number of twelve for a regiment, eight for a battalion or squadron and two for each signal corps, company of infantry or battery. These men form a séparate and dis- tinct command. They wear a badge on the sleeve above the elbow of each arm, which is described as a lozenge of white cloth, containing in the centre a Geneva cross of red, cloth. RRR EE TT “Drills and practice in making and handling litters may do much toward a TEE tan ie perfecting the hospital corps and fit- WHEN A BATTLE IS RAGING. medical department at Governor’s Irl- and, ‘‘and has paved the way for a more extended and complete medical field service. The War Department recently issued an order directing that all first and second lieutenants shall raceive instruction in first aid to the injured from the regular medical of- ficers, and that the lieutenants, in turn, shall devote a certain number of hours every month to instructing the non- commissioned officers and privates in first aid to theinjured. By this means £very man becomes an assistant to the ting its members for actual service,” said an army surgeon, ‘fbut it re- quires actual field work to bring out the true value of the organization. The first aid to the injured instruec- tion has made it an easy matter for the litter-bearers and the members of the hospital corps to improvise’ litters out of muskets and straps, pieces of wood and strips of blankets, and the men all know how to make bayonets, scabbards and shoe soles take the place of splints until a permanent dressing mav be applied. The men i i because everything is of a temporary character,’ but the surgeons’ kits con- tain everything necesssary for anti- septic surgery, and the temporary operating tables are kept as clean as the surroundings will permit. A field hospital may be a dismounted ambu- lance, a barn or a church or school- house, and no surgeon can make ar- rangements much before he needs it for the place where he will establish his headquarters. ‘The object is to have the wounded beyond the line of danger, and when the place has been selected, the 'sen- -_ Cs ea Woh ior surgeon becomes the commanding officer. The tent or building is guarded and protected by a detach- ment of troops detailed for that pur- pose, the hospital flag is hoisted, and in case of defeat and retreat the wounded are moved under cover of a guard in ambulances to a place of safety—if possible.” The pouches carried bythe hospital corps orderlies contain crossed-bar wire for splints, four roller bandages, six gauze packages, four first-aid packages, one iodoform sprinkler, one Esnmarch tourniquet for arresting hemorrhages, half an ounce of carbol- ized vaseline in a tube, two ounces of ammonia in a glass bottle in a leather case, two ounces of plain gauze, one ounce of lint, one irrigator, one bottle ceps and needle-holder, one diagnosis wire gauze for splints, one hypo- dermic syringe with tablets and a of -acetanilid, camphor and opium, quinine, cathartic compound and anti- septic. each six rolled bandages, two yards of gauze, one ounce of absorbent lint, one iodoform sprinkler, one tourni- quet, one-half cunce carbolized vase- line, one spool of rubber plaster, one pair of scissors, one jackknife, two ounces of ammonia, one case of pins and needles and four first aid pack- ages.’ The regulations provide that cor- porals and privates of the hospital corps shall, in active service, carry+-a canteen of water, a knife of approved pattern and the hospital corps pouches. The handling of wounded on ships of war is a subject which is engross- ing the attention of the naval author- ities of the world. The vessels util- ized for this service must be swift steamers of fairly good capacity so far as room for the sick is concerned, and yet not of too large size to prevent quick turning and darting around and -among a fleet of vessels. The treat- ment of the crew of such a craft is precisely that accorded the Red Cross Brigade. It is an unwritten law of every civilized nation that a wounded : A Pleasant of ligatures, one pair scissors, one for-' man and the man who aids him are! both to be protected. A difficulty that has been carefully considered lies in the removal of the wounded frofa the cruiser’s decks to those of the ambulance ship. It is believed, however, that this difficulty has been surmounted by an. arrange- ment that is as admirable as it 15 s1m- ple. It merely consists in placing the injured man on a mattress in a hammock, lashing him to the ham- mock, and then by means of safety hooks attached to the end of a stretch- er-bar to the boat from the ambulance ship, which lies alongside. This action can be performed, unassisted, by two men, so far as transporting the injured man from the place where he falls to the boat’s crew is con- cerned, HOW TO FURNISH A VERANDA. Warm-Weather Country Houses. loom For Every year the veranda is becoming more and more an integral part of the house beautiful. It is no longer merely a shelter from the elements, sparsely furnished with chairs, but is a living room and treated as such, and is furnished with the same taste and care that are bestowed upon the rest of the rooms. Of course, it goes without saying that both the textile and furniture employed must be as far as possible weather-proof, but this is no handicap nowadays, as rugs and materials that defy rain and snow are to be had in the greatest variety—ex- cept directly on the seashore, where the dampness and high winds make if impossible. An outdoor room, netted in so that the lights at night will not attract troublesome insects, prettily and comfortably furnished, should be a part of every country house. Cur- tains made of colored awning cloth and hung with mall brass rings on a slender galvanized iron rod, so that they may easily be pushed forward and back, are both useful and pretty, although some people prefer Vene- tian blinds or the rattan shades, which now come for verandas of any width desired. Hammocks, of course, are the natural lounging places for a ver anda room; but they are now made much more elaborately than formerly, UTILIZING SPACE. with valances hanging on either side, and piled up with cushions of many ' colors. The accompanying sketch shows one which filled a corner of the ver- anda of a seaside cottage last summer. The shape is an irregular elongated triangle, with two sides again§t the walls of the house, and consists of a frame a foot high, on which is a mat. tress covered with India rubber cloth. Over this is a buttoned covering of green denim, with a flounce, and the drapery consists of an old sail and a fish-net, which is held up by a pair of oars and a crab-net, all of which have been well-seasoned by wind and weather. St Pe wi Fire Crackers in China. The use of fire crackers is universal in China, and has been so as far back as history records. 5 It is most prob- able that in the beginning they were used to frighten away evil spirits, Now they are most frequently an ex pression of good feeling or of ceremon- ious compliment. They are used at weddings, births and funerals; at fes- tivals; religious, civil and military ceremonies; at New Year; to salute persons about to make a journey; and, in fact, on all occasions out of the ordinary routine. The Youngest Captain. Captain Smith, of Ccmpany D, One Hundred and Fifty-ninth Regiment, In- diana Volunteers, now at Camp Alger, Va., is the syoungest Captain in the book, one case of pins and needles, | | three ounces of chloroform in a glass | { bottle in a leather case, half a yard of | small medical case containing tablets ' The hospital corps pouches contain | CAPTAIN E. ROSS SMITH, Of Washington, Ind. volunteer army. He is nineteen years of age, and a son of Captain S. M. Smith, a.veteran of the Civil War. ‘An Expensive Tomnb. The finest tomb in Great Britain is undoubtedly that of the Duke of Ham- ilton, in the groands of the Duke’s seat. It cost over $1,000,000. More than forty per cent. of the British people could not write their names when the Queen ascended the throne.— The proportion in that condition has now been reduced to saven ner cent, ltewn, $17; M (EVTONE STE MENS CONDENSED PURSUED BY SNAKES. Toung Ladies Have a Thrilling Ride Down the Side or a Mountain Reptiles Gain the Carriage Steps. Miss I.eila. Detweiler, of Chambers« burg, and two companions had an ex- perience they will not soon forget. While driving down the mountain from St. Thomas their team was pur- sued for a mile by two black snakes, one of the reptiles at one time gaining the steps of the vehicle, The girls whipped their horses into a gallop, the stakes keeping up the chase until the foot of the mountain was reached. The following pensions were granted last week: Philip H. Patton, Sharps- burg, $6; John Inglert, Johntown, $6: Wiliam J, McKnight, Brookville, $6: Robert D. McCracken, Kerrmoor, Clearfield, $6: David S. Parker, Hon- shum, Franklin, $8 to $12; Margaret O'Connor, Williamsport, $8; Charles Merrits, Johnstown, $6: Wallace W. Crawford, Big Bend, $£; William V. Reel. Bellevue, $5: George W. Given, Pittsburgh, $6: I.ebbeus Pettigrew, Bradford, $8; John Stevens. deceased, Poyntelle, $12: Aaron H. Moore, Tar- entum. $8: Samuel F. Dickson, Sink- ing Valley, $8: Frederick Beymer, Be- han, $8; Isaac Hill, Garwood, $6: Al- bert I. Burket, Hyndman, $2: James Davis, Irie, David P. Weaver, Patehinsville, Andrew Hevern, McKeesport, $10: Daniel Downey, Em- porium, $10; John J. Swain, George- Mary McGraw, tochester Mills. $8; Serah Ritchey, Houtzdale, $8: Piuday KE. Stevens, Poyntelle, $8; W. Myer, Soldiers’ home, Erie, $8: I'ouis C. Faber, dead, Pittsburgh, § John . \W... Abbott, Phillipsburg, (‘harles Thomas, Waynesboro, ‘$8: lain H Wilson, Mechanicsburg, Juliis Blanckensee, Soldiers’ home, $5 to $12; Titel Knobelspies, Johns- town, §S to $10: Frank Russell, Girard, $8: Margaret Gettamie, Dunbar, ' § minor of Leuis C. Faber, Pittsburgh, $100 minors of John W. Shuster; New Ergland, Allegheny, $16; Hannah Clements, Aughwick Mills, Hunting- lon, $8; Adam Davis, Union City. $10; John H. Batey, Tarentum, $6: Richard Pembertha, Moon Run, $6: Robert H. Young, Greentree, $6: Andrew Lone- berber, Williamsport, $8: Albert Utter, Flkland, $2; George Bell, Rimersburg, Clarion, $17 to $24: George Boyer, Johnstown, $5; Samuel Henry, West Lebanon, Indiana, $8 to $10; Hester Smith, Oakiand Mills, Juniata, $12. While puling a large fyiwheel in the Keystone Furniture Factory at Wil- liamsport, “off centre’ one day last week, Dudley Portner was caught in the 24-inch belt and thrown imae the pit beneath the wheel. There wa@ suffi- ‘ient steam in the engine to drive the wheel quite fast. Portner's leg was ‘aught and the wheel began drezgging Bim under, when Engineer John Lup- pert, with one slash of his knif, cut the belt in two. The knife sank into lL.uppert’'s leg and severed two arter- ies. It was feared for a time that he would bleed to death. When Portner Was rescued it was found that his leg had been crushed to the knee and he was badly squeezed under the ponder- us. wheel, Samuel Shira, a farmer of Viashing- ton township, died a few days age ‘rom injuries received last Wednesday. He was accidentally thrown from a wagon and fell under the whegls, which passed over his abdomen. The team backing - again passed over his body Realizing his serious positior and that he was so far from home tha? he could not make his family hear his call for help, Shira commanded his horses to go on, and the first intimati¢h that the family had of the trouble was when the faithful animals walked into the yard with the loaded wagwn and no driver, It is reported from Greenville that Dr. C. A. Miller, of that town, was saved from death by a dream early the ther morning. According to the story the physician in his sleeg heard some me frantically calling hii: and he was 50 startled that he awoke. On getting tip he found the gas turned on and the room full of the fluid. It is not known how the key became turned. The hotel proprietors of Greensburg are talking of building n brewery to be conducted on the co-operative plan Ths, they say, will be done at once un- less some concessions are granted them by the brewers. They pay $6.50 per barrel for beer. The brewers at Pottsville are being boycotted by local saloon keepers be- ‘ause they have raised the price of beer from $6.50 to 37.20 a barrel, in or- der to meet the war tax. They have steadfastly refused to make a reduc- tion. As a result outside firms are capturing the trade. A thief ritded Judge Harn White's private desk in the court house at In- diana, the other night, stealing valu- able papers, including an autograph letter of President Lincoln and a poc- ketbook containing $260 in negotiable paper. While a Sister of Charity was filling a sanctuary lamp at St. John’s church, Pittston, the chain supporting it broke and it fell on her head, inflicting a wound from which she may not te- cover, of Giap, found railroad Horribly mangled, Thomas Thoinas, of Northumberland county, Tuesday morning on tracks near that rown. In sight of many friends, James A. McCarty, of Lancaster, while swim- ming in (Conestoga Creek, was seized with cramps and drowned. Bracken, a son of Mail Agent Wil- liam H. Todd of Brownsville, was shot above the eve by another boy, while playing at war. the body f< T.ocust WAS the Giles Lewis, a prominent business man and politician of Thompson, Sus- quehanna county, was accidentally killed by a train. J. M. Bentz, of Lawn, Lebanon county, ‘has been arrested on the charge of having raised a note for $45 to $170.. Joseph Black, aged 13, son of David ('. Blazk, of Butler, was caught in a belt at an oil pumping station last week and received injuries from whi h he died three hours later. John Gorland, aged 13. confessed to breaking into William Frost's farm- lrouse, near Sharon, and stealing $83 and some jewelry He was sent to the Morganza reform school. Lightning struck John Slefried’s herd of cows, near Waverly, Lacka- wanna county. ard five were killad Clyde McGonigle, aged 16, of Eldridge township, Jefferson county, a few days ago was struck byslightning and killed, and his companion, William Alford, knocked down. William Enterline, a miner at Potts- ville, shot and killed his wife, fired a shot at his sister-in-law, which did not take effect, and blew out his brains. Falling between two cars of a mov- ing freight train, at Marietta, Charles Bender, of Middletown, was killed. - John Finncagan, aged 35, of Beaver Falls, was killed by a falling derrick at a stone qualry. John D. Bakewell, of the Knob Coal Company, fell dead at Erownasville the other day. MARKETS Oral asBURM. n, Flour and feed WHEAT—No. 1red ein No 2 red Votive nie CORN—No. 2 yellow, ear...... No. 2 yellow, shelled. . .... Mixed ear pt Clover, No. 1 . Hay, from wagons. , FEED—No. 1 White Md., ton. . Brown middlings Bran, bulk LC OoOUCTU Iai S88888c838RE8282%8S Pt pd pk pd SEEDS—Ciover, 60 Ibs Te Timothy, prime Worm Dairy Products BUTTER—EIgin Creamery. ...$ Ohio creamery., ‘ Fancy country roli.... CHEESE—Ohio, new.. New York, new : Fruits and Vegetabias BEANS—Green, #¥ bu..........8 POTATOES—W hite, per bbl... CABBAGE—Per crate ONIONS—New Southern, bbl. x : Poultry, Ete. CHICKENS, ® pair small TURKEYS, #1 WHEAT—No. 2 red RYE—No. 2. .,. BUTTER—Ohio creamery PHILADELPHIA, CORN—N OATS—No. 2 whi BUTTE EGGS—Pa. first FLOUR—Patent WHEAT—No. 2 CORN—No. 2.. . ... OATS— White Western, ...... BUTTER Creamery EGGS—State of Penn LIVE STOCK. CENTRAL STOCK YARDS, EAST LIBERTY, PA. CATTLE. Prime, 1,300 to 1,4001b3 Good, 1,200 to 1,500 Ibs... ... Tidy, 1,000 to 1,150 ths. . ., Fair lignt steers, 900 to 1000 ths, Common, 700 to 900 lbs . 84 9@ 4 9 4 80 90 470 4 25 3 70 Medium SHEEP. Prime, 95 to 105 Ibs, wethers. ..8 Good, 85to 90 Ibs,.......... ; Fair, 70 to 80 tbs 4 65@ 459 4 00 J 3 25 Fair to good lambs . 4 25 TRADE REVIEW. Busiress Men Turning Their Attention to Santiago. Large Sales of lron. R. G. Dun & Co., in their weekly re- view of trade, report for last week: as follows A stace of war does not disturb busi- ness. But reaction after a phenomenal movenient of grain causes relative loss, which many mistake for decrease in the volume of trade. So much grain has been required and shipped during the past twelve months that a decrease was inevitable, and granger and Pa- cific roads show a loss in earnings, even compared with 1892, though not much yet compared with last year. After the surreggder at Santiago barely a week of rest has preceded the sailing of the: Porto Rico force, but meanwhile the president's proclama- tion opening Santiago to trade on terms singularly favorable to inhabi- tants there, and the rush to build up business in Eastern Cuba are occupy- ing the thoughts of many enterpris- ing firms. Reduction of one-half in the tax heretofore paid, with honest in- stead of Spanish administration, brings home to Cuban residents the meaning of the change, and they also learn to use money, of which a paper dollar is as good as gold, which for them is a long step forward. There is an increased demand for woolen goods, although in some lines slow and disappointing, but the num- her of establishments at work in- creases, though the mills are not yet assured of satisfactory prices. Only 5,- 233,200 pounds of wool were sold last week and in three weeks only 12,879,- 900 at the three chief markets, of which 8,629,700 were domestic, against 34,124, - 700 last year, and 23,347,550 in the same weeks of 1892, 18,509,000 being domestic. The iron manufacture seems to be at the verge of another revolution, since bessemer pig is held, by curtailment of production in the Shenango and Ma- honing valleys, at $10 25 at Pittsburg, and yet some steel works have made enormous sales of billets, 100,000 tons to the great wire association at prices unknown, £0,000 tons to various parties at (Chicago at $1575 and 20,000 tons at Pittsburg at $1475. The demand for structural forms keeps all the works busy, and includes for the week 3,500 tons at Chicago in three contracts and 7,800 at Pittsburg in four others, while the plate mills are everywhere crowded. Sheets and bars are both in better demand than heretofore, and the prolonged weakness in cast pipe, which usually requires nearly 700,000 tons of pig in a year, may presently be cured. Heavy sales of lake copper have fixed the price at 113%e¢, and the output for the last half year has been 120,487 tons American, against 40,880 tons for- eign, although three years ago the for- eign output considerably exceeded half the American. Tin at 15.55¢ and lead at 3.92%c, are both a shade weaker. With abatement of foreign needs and prospects of excellent crops in many foreign countries. wheat has declined during the week 3¢ in price, notwith- standing exports from Atlantic ports amounting to 1,937,092 bushels, flour in- cluded, agatnst 1,516,997 last year, and from Pacific ports 577,755 against 89,523 last year. Total exports for three weeks have been 7,399.259 bushels, flour included, against 5,194,488 last year. Corn still goes abroad in astonishing quantity, all the circumstances con- sidered, exports having been in three weeks 5,077,847 bushels against 6,635,- 395 last year. The .price has not changed in spite of the decline in wheat. The closing of some New Eng- land mills has doubtless affected the price of cotton to some extent, and yet the crop reports are sufficiently favor- able to depress prices an eighth dur- ing the week without other influence. The collapse of a strong pool to ad- vance prices and control the market is also reported. Failures for the week have been 207 in the United States. against 227 last year, and 17 in Canada, against 28 last Vvear
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