(V.1 is 1 ' I f D ADULTERATION ? - . f ... -POME FIiAC.RANT CASES ' MAY BE DETECTED. Icatlont of Healthy Meat-Sausage ' V Fish Adulteration To Tell 0(1 Butter. I.ard and Eggs- c. Fraud In Pptces. ' f T DTJLTERATING articles of , food is ly no moans an "in- vention" of modern times, but was practiced by our 5 ;al ancestors. During tho mid- tes the canning bnkcr mixed bis ' with lime, sand and gypsum, and ; ) .acovtry was thrown into a prison ind compelled to eat tho product is entiro bakery, which cured hiin ' ho fraudulent habit, iho most iruportnnt articlo of food cvory household is tho meat. Tho neat which comes from healthy ani sals, is distinguished by a pleasant jdor and fresh color, from a dclicato pink to a deep carmine, according to tho anitnul from which it comes. It aunt 4 be clootie to tho touch. The cnt which is canned by pressing a Anger on it must disappear when the proiuro is removed. Tho fatty sub htuhce of tho meat is a pood indicator 'ts quality. In healthy animalsthc is yellow and elastic and has a asant odor. Tho fat iu tho meat m sick animals is pale, gray and 1 eary and has an unpleasant odor, ansago offer a wide lield for adnl itionoftliu most dangerous kind, i in tho pamphlets which vegetar , s scud broadcast over tho land from " i to tirao they give promiuencn to anecdote which in as terse as it is ' istrutive of tho esteem in which .y hold thesausugo. "A man saved ; life of a butcher by endangering ' i own. The poor butcher, overcome th gratitude, cried out in a moment v Bclf-forgetfulnecH : "Never in your e again, my friend, cnt sausage. " Tho adulterations in this line are inifohL To produce tho frehh red ,lor, no alluring in sausage, fuchsino j mixed with tho ingredients instead , blood. It is a very common prac c to put flour iu sausage, and, w hile little of it is harmless, it neverthe ss leads to early fermentation of tho rticlo iu question. Tho buyer, how ict, is very much imposed upon when our is added iu largo quantities, for 4 enables tho sausage makers to add rom sixty to seventy per cent, of rater, w hich is paid for at therato of icat France bus lately put a atop to his fraud by limiting the. addition of our to three per cent. Fish are adulterated in tho same way y rubbing their gills with aniliue, vhich given them tho appearuncn of freshness. The aniline iseasily washed iff and the fraud detected. Iu fresh h tho ?y.s Bi . fall WAl.oi,i"r,trM,:-i" 'hile in old fish they are opaque, dull and sunken. Tho bent way to reeog nizo an old fish is to watch tho gills, which emit an odor of decay if tho lhh is too old for use. r Crawfish or crabs shonld always bo bought alive. Crabs that are sold al ready cooked have usually been boiled after they were dead, and soon decay, generating a very dangerous poison. 'A crawfish that has been boiled ulive will show a curious aud twisted tail, while, on the other hand, one that was cooked after death has tho tail per fectly straight. s- Tho best way t ti ll butter from oleomargarine into put a piece of it on a hot potato which has beeu boiled in tho jacket ami freshly peeled. The tasto of butter is more pronounced wnen eaieu in tins way tuaa any other, and tho fraud is detected. It is also tho safest w ay to discover tho ago of uairy or creamery butter. Lard is frequently adulterated with water to iuereuso its weight, and mixed with coru-stareh, salt, chalk, te., to bind tho water to the fat. This may bo discovered by carefully molting tho lard aud setting it asido in a lukewarm place. Tho fat not only separate's from tho water, but collects at thi bottom of tho dish with all tho other foreign ingro lietit. To tell good eggs from had ones it is only ncoesHury to put them iu a dish tilled with water containing from live to ten per cent, of salt. Fresh eggs drop to tho bottom, old ones swim ou tho surface, ami those of medium quality sink halfway down. - All spices sutler moro or less adul teration, but most of all those which are sold in a pulverized state. Cround pepper is mixed with paprieo, millet, bread, powdered olives, almoud meal, dust, sand, gypsum, sawdust, spar, aud almost tho same ingredients are used for tho adulteratiou of cinnamon. Pulverized ginger fares no better, and is mixed with potato Hour, wheat and iMyeuiu pepper, while tho sweet-scented anise Heed comes in for a sharo of earth, sun I and little brown and black stones. Housekeepers will always bu more or less cheated iu buying pow dered spices, which hhonld be bought in their natural stato.and ground at home. Tho vanilla beau, before the invention of tho artificial vauilliue, was deprived of its natural aroma aud basted with balm of Peru. Coffee is adulterated iu all forms and in every possible way. Machines have been invented and large factor ies erected, where artificial coffee beans are made from acorn tlour and fi-um arabic, and these are mixed with tho real coffee; and even tho real beans are covered with poisonous chemicals if they have been damaged by sea water in transportation or the influence of the sun or time. Ground or roasted coffee offer the best oppor tunities, however, for fraud. Hut all these perpetrators of fraud and deception cauuot hold a candle to tho Chinese, who are masters in the art of the adulteration of tea, which they dye, mix and prepare from The Biggest Man on Earth, Citizens of this vicinity vestordsT had an opportrftity to behold tho greatest living man in avoirdupois. John Ilanson Craig, with his wife and 'three-year-old child, was visiting James Anderson and James 3Icl licrson, tela tives. Craig's homo is in Danville, Hendricks County, but he has been in the show business since his babyhood. In answer to questions he said: "I now weigh 002 pounds and am thirty seven years old. At birth I weighed 1 1 ponnds ; at eleven months I weighed 77 pounds, at two years 20(1 pounds. At that time I took the $1,000 premium at Barnnm's baby show in New York City in the year 1858. At five years I weighed ao'l pounds ; at thirteen years, 405 pounds; at twenty -two, 725 pounds', at twenty-seven, 758 pounds; at twenty -eight, 774 pounds; Bt twenty-nine, 711 pounds; at thirty, 800 pounds ; at thirty -one, 830 pounds ; and my present weight is just 907 pounds. I am six feet and five inches high, measure eight feet and four inches around tho hips.cightcen, inches a round tho ankle, twenty-nino inches aronnd tho knee, sixty-sis inches inenes around the thigu next to the body. I require fortv-ono yards for a suit of clot des, and three, pounds of yarn for stockings. ( Mrs. Craig is a good-looking blonde, weighs 130 pounds, and formerly ac companied her husband in the Tola of snake charmer us "olaAyrcs. When asked how long they had been married sho laughingly remarked "that they wero just now enjoying their second honeymoon, as they wero divorced in Jauuary and remarried but a cotlplo of weeks ago. Mr. Craig explained tin) trouble, stating that his wife Lad expressed a desiro to learn fashionablo dressmaking, and that ho objected. She applied for a divorce, it was granted, and she went to Terro ITauto and learned her trade. Hho then re turned homo and they wero remarried. Mr. Craig has been all over Europe, and iu every important city in the world. They went from hero to Day ton, where Mrs. Craig was born aud raised. Frankfort (Ind.) Dispatch. . V The- Purlahs. ' Tho Rev. T. B. Pandian, a Hindu gentleman of degree who has em braced Christianity, is endeavoring to rouse English sympathy for tho Par ishs, or outcasts of Southern India, There are 8,0000,000 or 0,000, 000 of them, and, though en tirely free by law, they aro sub ject to some disabilities by caste opinion, ono or which is so terrible that wo havo no hesitation in saying it ought to bo remedied bv force, even at tho hazard of insurrection. They are lornuuien to drink pnro water. There are generally two public wells in every village, but the caste men will not suffer tho Parish families to ap proach them, even if they only touch the water with buckets. Tho women, therefore, have often to go miles to get water from a stream, and in prac tice tho ruojority of Puriahs drink only dirty water left in furrows and pools iu tho fields or jungle. Tho cousc queuco is that they are constant vic tims of dysentery, nud that when any typhoidal disease strikes the village they dio like flies. It seems to us thut this oppression is too bad, even though it bo based on a religious prejudice, uud tho caste men should either bo compelled to give up one of the wells, or better still, to siuk a new well for the Puriahs, thus spending something to protect (heir own ceremonial pu rity. "Wo have no doubt whatever of the exact truth of this statement as regards tho water, aud strongly rec ommend tho grievance to any philan thropist in tho House in waut of work. It may be asked why tho Pariahs bear such an outrageous oppression. First, because 2000 years of slavery have mado them cowards; and secondly, because they believe, or half believe, the dogma of their caste neighbors, uumely, that their suffering is just re tribution for tho sins of their previous lives. They aro losing that faith, aud some day they will light for live min utes with torches instead of rifles, and then civilization in South India will temporarily end. London Spectator. Victoria It." to tho President. The treaties which are stored in tho State Department library at Washing ton ate not tho only valuable or his toric documents there. There are somo very valuable Washington, Jef ferson, Madison aud Monroe papers, aud tho original Declaration of Inde pendence. Then thero aro letters of tho rulers of other countries, tolling of births and deaths and marriages iu royal families. These letters, says tho Philadelphia Times, are bound in vol umes devoted to tho different coun tries from which they came. There are tuatiy autographs of Queen Victoria in tho court letters of (Ireat liritain which 1111 au entire book. Tho most interesting was written February 14, 1810. It announced her marriugo to Prince Albert. It is a good specimen of the form of royal commuuicstion with t he r uli ng magistrate of the United States. It reads: Victoria, by ths Oraoe of Qo I. Queen ot the I' nt tod Kiu(lom ot Grant Briiulu and Irs. land, IMendur of tba F.lth, etc., etc,, to the Tresiileut ot the Called States of America, seu.lotli grmjtlax : Our lloo.l Frlen 1 The celebration of our marriage with His Hoy si IIik!ius, the l'riuca Alburt Fraaals, Auffustun Cuarlns F.UKiiHiel, M!ond hou ot HlnHereue HIuIibmm. the roliftilng Uuke of Hsxe-OohurK-Gotho. having tnken pljoe at London ou the 10th ot the pr-kuiit month, wa lose no time lu not 1- lying to vou tills evout. The iButlmonts ot friimdshlpi which vou have mauttested toward us on othnr occasions afford us the assurance that you will take au luturost la an event which, by tho bli-iuluipi of the Al mighty will, we trust, contribute to tbo wel turn ot our pnoplo uud sujum our own de mentia happiness, And so with our cordial wishes for your welfare and prosperity, wa reooriitii'juJ you to ths protection of the Al mighty. ' - n t out court at Windsor Castle, the 'raarv. ta -. The Inrr tor' Losses, y W read very often of inventors' profits, but we hear very little of in venters' losses. Kot long since the suicide of an aged man in this oity was reported. He had been left a fortune amonnting to nearly $50,000 in addi tion to a very excellent business. All the profits of the latter and the for tune itself had been entirely spent in a frnitlcss effort to invent a clock that wonld not require winding. He had a sort of perpetual motion idea, and, of course, it was not practicable. An English writer estimates that moro than a million pounds sterling have been wasted in Oreat liritain by in ventors who have vainly sought to solve the secret of perpetual motion. A prominent inventor who is in the iron trade, in which he has amassed an enormous fortune, re cently said ho believed more money had been spent in this country in frnitlcss endeavors to invent horse shoo machines than in any other lino of mechanical research. Horseshoes can be mado by machine successfully, and with great profit. This is done at tho famous Burden Iron Works iu Troy,' built np by the invention of tho elder Henry Burden, long sinco dead, of the first practical machine for turn ing out horseshoes from bars of iron. I hear that $750,000 havo been spent by other inventors in this country in an effort to rival the Burden machine. Homo of these efforts have been partly successful ami no doubt others will al so succeed. But isn't it remarkable that so much money has been speut in a line of manufacture regarding which we hear so little ?---New York Mail and Express. The Secret of a tJood Complexion. "Tho secret of a bad complexion," said a well-known physician to mo re cently, "is a bad digestion, and wo generally trace that to a bad liver. Ono of tho best remedies for a sluggish liver," ho added, "is cheap and pleasant. I do not liclicvo much iu pills and powders nor drugs of any kind. Dieting is tho secret of the euro. The best liver regulator for persons of sedentary habits, and theso aro the ones whoso complexions aro muddy, is to be found in apples plain, ordinary, every-day apples eaten baked if they are not well di gested when eaten raw. I attended tho pupils at a well-known board ing school," said the doctor, "and among them was a country girl whose complexion was tho envy of all her as sociates. I found that she was a very light eater at her meals, but Hho had a peculiar custom of taking a plate of apples to her room at night and eating them slowly as she studied her lessons. This was her regnlar practice. Home of tho other girls iu the institution took it up, aud I know as a rcsnlt of my personal investigation that tho apple-eating girls bad, with one excep tion, tho best complexions of any one in school. That one exception was duo to causes which required medical skill to remove. Now York Mail and Express. f (Jetting Up a Dead Sea Boom.'x Among the few seaside places that are not much advertised iu theso days are tho shores of tho Dead Sea. They aro not marine "resorts," becauso no body ever goes to them. It is now stated, however, that tho Sultan, who is tho proprietor of tho locality in question, and an American speculator have laid their heads together aud de vised a pluu for its exploitation. Its waters possess plenty of salt, bitumen and sulphur, which will bo useful for commercial purposes, and the associa tions of the neighborhood, it is hoped, will prove attractive to tourists. Two vessels, one largo and heavy for local products, and a lighter one for passen ger traffic, have accordingly been con veyed to Jerusalem, aud thence to tho Dead Sea. A pickle manufactory is also to be erected ou its shores. Jt is thought that every visitor would like to carry away at least ouo bottle us a souvenir. It is curious, however, that not a word is said about preserving tho Dead Sea fruit, which hus a world wide reputation. London Illustrated News. A "Flying Switch." A flying switch is not a mechanical contrivance. It is a uiauteuvro of railroad men, by which tho locomotive of a train is run upon ono track and the train, or port of the train, is run upon another track. Wheu the Hying switch is to bo mado tho engineer causes tho train. to travel at a consid erable speed, the coupling between the engine and the train is then undone, and tho engine, at a greater speed, runs from tho still moving train upon the track already ready fur it. Imme diately tho engine hs passed tho switch points tho switch is changed to throw tho train, rpuiiing with itH own momentum, upo.i another track. A Hying switch i: also called a runuiug switch. Now Y'ork Dispatch. An Egg Tax. .The f.tato finances in ltussi.t are ro cruited, by a graduated income tax, commencing at one per cent, on in comes between 1000 and 2000 rubles, t (a ruble equals eighty cents) and in creasing at the rate of one-tenth per cent, on every additional thousand or fraction of a thousand rubles. A duty of a quarter kopec (about ouo-twentieth of a cent) is also imposed on tho egga of all kinds of poultry, which tax ou food reabzea several millions of rubles. Temple Bar. "E Plnribus L'niim'' on Cuius, The legend "E Pluribtis Unum," which apponrs on u number of United States ooius, was never authorized by law. its first use is said to have been upon a coin struck at Newburgh, N. HYPNOTISM.1 SOME EXPERIMENTS IN A PARIS " ' HOSPITAL. Producing the Hypnotic " State Emanations of Light From Faces Visible to Hypnotic Subjects-. jueer Manifestations f SOME experiments of 'particu lar interest on account of the dispute as to the tberapentio and psychological value of hypnotism, have recently been made at the Charitc Hospital, Paris, under the diroction of the surgeon-in-chief, Dr. Lnys. A careful account of theso experiments appears in McClure'i Magazine from the pen of R. N. Slier ard. v Theso hypnotic experiments may bo ronghly divided into two classes. The first are experiments of a speculative kind, that is to say, such as do not produce practical effects. The second class includes such as often produce inch results. These last experiments are mainly the diagnosis of patients by subjects in tho hypnotio statq, and the onra of moral and physical maladies by tho power of suggestion. The hypnotio state is divided by Dr. Lnys into fivo phases of intensity somnambulism, fascination, catalepny, lethargy and hypo-lethargy, with vari ous intermediary phases, which have not yet been tabulated. The hypnotic state, in one or other of its pharos, is produced in the subject or patient in' two ways by word of command or by tho uo of tho rotativo mirror. Tho rotative mirror is often used where hypnotio influeneo is first applied to an individual. Tho mirror much re sembles that used by bird-catchers fur snaring larks. It is composed of four arms, overlaid with bright, polished metal. Tho arms rovolvo by clock work on a pivot, at a tremendotfs rate of speed. Tho patient is seated in a high-backed chair with his back to the light, which shines full on the mirror, and is bidden to keep his eyes fixed upon it, and simultaneously to desire to be sent to sleep. The clockwork sets tho mirror in rotary motion with a dazzling effect. Sloop is not invari ably produced. Many persons aro re fractory ; but as a rule in about twenty per cent, of the cases tho operation is successful, and after a period varying from five to twenty minutes the patient is seen to drop to sleep. "Tho eyes," says a writer on tho subject, "are first attracted by tho ray of light which flash from tho wings of the mirror, then little by little, and at the end of a period which varies ac cording to tho temperament of tho patient, a kind of fascination is pro duced, the lids get tired and imper ceptibly close, tho head falls back and the patient sleeps a sleep w hich soems natural, but which is really ono of tho first phases of tho hypnotio sleep." In other cases, that is to Bay, in the cbro of patients who aro more predisposed, a slight shock is manifested during tho state of fascination, due, no doubt, to the sudden contraction of somo muscle or system of muscles, and tho paticn falls into a deep sleep, breathing hard. He is then completely insensible and apt for tho reception of suggestion, having passed quickly through the several stages of tho hypnotic sleep, sometimes to the last. In most cases, however, where tho doctor has to do with subjects who have often been hypnotized the simple word of com mand, without passes or gestures of any kind, suffices. With theso he has but to say, "tlo to sleep," and they fall at once into a hypnotic state of greater or less profundity. Doctor Luys says that tho subject in tho hypnotio state has an intensely in creased visual faculty. Indeed, ouo of tho symptoms of this statois a very noticeable alteration of the appearance of tho eye. It is stated by the doctor, and tho experiments publicly mado may be considered asconvincing, that, thuuks to this increased visual faculty, tho hypnotio subject is ablo to see in tho human face what is entirely hid den to ordinury sight. For some time past the doctor had established that wheu a magnet is rre aeuted to a hypnotic subject in one of ine phases of trance tho effect pro duced varies, according as tho north or south pole that is to say, tho negative or the positive end of the magnet is offered. Tho north nolo. in ull cases, produces a state of intense delight, expressed by gestures and outcries of pleasure. Tho subjects in this case declare that they see at the end of tho magnet emanations of a beautiful blue light. Wheu tho bar is reversed tho greatest horror and disgust at once affect the subject. If asked what it is that causes this dis muy tho subject will answer that it is tho sight of a fearful red light playing around tho end of tho magnet. Investigating further iu this direc tion tho doctor has discovered that the same subjects can detect in the human face emouatiouscorresponding to thoso seen at tho ends of the magnetic bar. Thus from tho left eye and left eur and left corner of the mouth in persons in good state of health blue emanations can bu seen bv the hvnnotizod noraon according to tho declarations of such subjects. In cases of persons, however, suffer ing from nervous disorders, or from tho results of diseases or accidents, the colors vary. Thus, oeoording to ouo of tho subjects, the red light proceed ing from the right eye of a person af fected with short-sightedness and fa tigue of tho organ was largely spotted with violet. Violet is the characteris tic color in all cases of great nervpus fatigue. Black, green and niulti-col-orod flames have been deecribed by tho subjects as showing from persous suf fering with various forms of nervous disorder. A man who has been wound ed in the eye with a rapier was char . ' interval ' - i8 J months, by two different subjects, who, according to Dr. Luys, had had no means of inter-communication, as emit ting a green light from the injured organ. If it can be established that certain diseases produce in those suffering from them a variation in the ' color of tho emanations, which are perceptible to the hypnotio subject, the existence and nature of the disease will be certi fied by the tint. Among the experiments which have been classified as of a speculative kind, and distinct from those of practioal worth, nono are more interesting than thoso that involve the presentation to subjects in the hypnotio state of vari ous substances and medicines contained in hermetically sealed tubes. The manifestations, according as tho tube is presented on tho right or the left sido of tho subject, indicate emotions of a-diametrically opposite nature. Thus when a tube containing ordinary red pepper was offered to the left, or, as tho doctor calls it, tho blue side, of a girl subject in the hypnotic state, symptoms of keen pleasure were discernible, which changed suddenly to an expression of violent disgust when the tubo was car ried to tbo rod or right sido. Accord ing to the doctor, the human lwdng is double, and does not feel tho same on his red as on his blue side. Thyme presented to one patient produced ter rifying hallucinations ; in another it called forth an expression of calm de light. Singularly, iu tho application of thyme, there was a physiological effect, also, on tho thyroid gland of tho throat, tho size of tho neck being increased from thirty to thirty-threo centimeters, or somewhat moro than au inch. Morphine in ono patient bred fancies of an evidently terrifying nature, in another an intense drowsi ness. Tho effect of frankincense pre sented to the left of tho neck was nn emotion of terror. Home water in a tube held near tho left side of a hyp notic subject's head caused a series of spasms resembling thoso usual to pa tients suffering from hydrophobia. The docter maintains that in each case the puticnt was in total ignorance of tho contents of the tube. How an Englishman LiTes. Without being luxurious, tho wholo globo has playetl him serving man to spread his table. Russia gavo the hemp, or India or South Caroliua tho cotton, for that cloth which his wife lays upon it. The Eastern Islands placed thero those condiments and spices which were once the secret rel ishes of the wealthy. Australian downs send hitn frozen mutton or canned beef,' tho prairies of America meal for his biscuit and pudding, aud if ho will eat fruit, the orchards of Tasmania and the palm woods of tho West Indies proper delicious gifts, while tho orange groves of Florida and tho Hesperides choapen for his uso thoso "golden apples" which dragons used to gttanl. His coffeo comes from where jewclod humming birds hang in the bowers of Brazil, or purple butterflies flutter amid tho Javau mangroves. (Ireat clipper ships, racing by night and day under clouds of canvas, convey to him his tea from China or Assam, or from the green Singhalese hills. The sugar which sweetens it was crushed from canes that waved by the Nile or tho Orinoco, and the plating of the spoon with which he stirs it was dug for him from Mexican or Nevada mines. Tho ctirrautn in his dumpling are a tributo from classic Greece, and his tinned salmon or kippered herring a token from tho seas and rivers of Canada or Norway. He may partake, if he will, of rice that ripened under tho hot skies of Patna or ltaugoon ; of cocoa, that "food of the gods," plucked under the burning blue of the equator. For his rasher of bacon the hog ex press runs daily with 10,000 grunting victims into Chicago; Dutch or Brit tany hens have laid him his eggs, and Dauish cows grazed the daisies of El siuore to produce his chtese and but ter. If ho drinks beer, it is odds that Bel gium and Bavaria have contributed to it the barley and the hops, and, when he has finished eating, it will be the Mississippi flats or the gardens of the Antilles that fill for him his pipe with tobacco. Longman's Magazine. Superstitions ot the Turk. There is no land on earth whera more superstitions prevail than that of the unspeakable Turk. Some ol them are interesting. If by any chance a sparrow or swallow flics iu tho window and circles threo times around the room it is a sign that a blood relation of some one present is about to dio. Thero are many signs aud hap penings that are supposed to predict marriage. For instance, if a horse sneezes when a young girl passes iu tho street sho is positive that her time is nearly come. If her hair becomes unfastened she knows that sho will soon besought for, and if she goes to eat a peach aud finds its kernel split she is equally certain that she will soon ba weldeJ. Sau Francisco Chronicle. Interesting Facts About Snow. A foot of newly fallen snow makes but one inch of water wheu melted. Hnow seldom fulls as fur south as Tensaoola, Flo., but has been known to border the Gulf from th lit lininf 4 t Brownsville, Texas. Ono hundred miles north of Key West is the farthest uoint south in Florida that it has ever Wen known to rail, at Punta liosu, on December 1. 1870. The onlv time snow was vor l-nnvn to full at San Diego, Cal., was during mo great stortn period of January 10 17, 1802. ' Tho average annnal full in Ifiina ta seven feet, New York four feet, and ipwa s loet. Improving the Eyes. It is satisfactory to be told by Mr?! Ellis that blindness in England hr "slowly declining," though Great Britain still stands in this respect be hind two other European countries, and three more come before Ireland. Short sightedncss, however, appears,; to be increasing everywhere, Germany! having a signal and sinister preJ eminence in this respect. A French doctor has noted the re markable fact that wild beasts caught quite young or born in captivity be come ahoi t-sdghted, the conclusion being that the eye adapts itself to its habitual sphere of vision, and unless "educatod," to nse Mr. Ellis's term,) to see objects at a distance, loses the capacity .of so doing. Even in after lifo the eye may be, to some extent,' so educated, though probably only when tho myopia is not considerable.! It is thus within the experience of the present writer that his sight greatly improved in days gone by, when ho became a volunteer by practico at the butts, so that,' while at first ho could not see the target to shoot at without spectacles! at the 300-yard range, after a twelve month or so ho only needed to put on spectacles at 400 yards. But beyond that-range ho was never able to dis pense w ith them. i Country excursion are, therefore,, extremely valuablo as means ot strengthening tho sight of town-bred! children ; and tho conductors of sucht excursions should tako pain to direct the eyes of the children to distant ob jectsto tho furthest hill, church,! tower, or other landmark, noting, if possible, any incapacity to discern tho selected object, ami then selecting; some nearer one for the weaker sighted.' The Spectator. , Table Manners In Argentina.. "We encamped tear a swamp," says a gentleman describing a meal1 he had with some cart drivers in' South America, "and supped on,' sliced pumpkins, boiled with bits of meat and seasoned with salt. Tho' meal was served in genuino pampa fashion. Ono iron spoon and two cow's horn's split in halves, were passed nround tho group, tho mem bers of which squatted upon their haunches and freely helped them selves from tho kottle. Even in thi most uncivilized form of satisfying hunger there is a peculiar etiquette,; which the most lowly person in variably observes. Each member of the company in turn dips his spoon, or horn, into the centre of tho stew and draws it in a direct lino toward him, never allowing it to deviate to the right or left. By observing this rule each person cats without inter fering . with his neighbor. Being ignorant of this custom I dipped my horn into tho mess at random and fished about for some of the nice bits.' My companions regarded this horrid breach of politeness with scowls of impatience. They declared, with some wurtnth, to tho cook tho foreigners did not know how to eat. I apologized as well as I could, and endeavored thereafter to cat accord ing to gaucho etiquette." New York World. An Ingenious CelesllaI Clock." Wynn Molcsworth has invented and constructed a very ingenious "celestial clock," which was exhibited at the first winter meeting of tho Boyal Astro nomical Society. Tho entiro face of the clock rotates under a wire bar representing tho equatorial horizon and is regulated to perform one revo lution in twenty-threo hours fifty-sis minutes four seconds, this being th time iu which tho earth turns ones upon its axis. Tho apparent annual motion of suu, moon uud planets in tho opposite direction is effected by movable piuii, while tho north aui.' south polar stars, that do not rise or set for us, revolve simultaneously with the rest by a sepurate movement. Thus may be seen the entire heavens, with suu, moon, planets aud constellations in their actual places, ever rising and setting us they rise and set in the heavens. Tomatoes. Tomatoes were used as food in ths south of Europe three centuries since, A writer in Chambers's Encyclopedia (new edition) gives 15S3 as the dat of their introduction into Spain, but Dodonous, writing more than twenty years before thut, speaks of them at even then to be found in tho gardens of some European hcrballists. Oerards grew them iu his garden in 1597, and earlier. He says in his "Heibal" : "In Spaino and thoso hot Kegioni they used to cat the Apples prepared and boiled with pepper, suit, and oyle, but they yecld very little nourishment to tho body, nnd tho same naught and corrupt. Likewise the doe eute the Apples with oile, vinegre, and pepper mixed together for sauce to their meat, eveu as we iu theso cold coun tries doe mustard." Notes and " Queries. The CIovo ol Commerce. Tli8 small evergreen tree from which cloves are taken was originally a native of the Spice Islands, but it is now cultivated iu warm climates iu all parts of tho world. Tho clove of commerce is the unopened flower of the tree. They are quite small, but grow in large clusters ulong th branohes. After gathering, tbo buds are smoked by a wooden fire and dried iu the sun. Both tha taste and smell of the cloves depeud on tho quantity of oil they coutain. Sometimes the oil is separated from tho cloves before they are sold, and the odor and taste are iu conse quence much weakened. If you desiro to kuow somethiug of the form of the bud in the natural state soak a few cloves for a short time in hot water. The petals o' the flower will soften and readily univlL CUioagjo Herald.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers