l)e iTulton Countg ftetm VOLUME 10 McCONNELLSBURG, PA., OCTOBER 1, 1!M)8. NUMBER 2 ABOUT ELECTRICITY. The Meaning of Some of the Electrical Terms in Everyday Use Made Plain for Our Younger Readers. Because electricity cannot be seen is no season why it should not be understood and it is strange that with all the mil lions of users of electricity for light, power and heat, so few know anything about this won derful force. The majority are content to know that the pressure of a An ger will light the house, a turn of a switch will start the electric cooking devices and another switch will give instant power, without prying into the myster ies of electrical energy. When anything gets out of order they send for au electrician and let him wrestle with the problem. In this electrical age it is im portant that every one should understand the rudimentary principles of electricity. The first step is to comprehend the numerous technical terms asso ciated with the profession and then grasp some tangible idea of the nature of the current. In the scientific world electri city is called a fluid, in the same sense that light is called a fluid, and, therefore, it can best be compared with water. To make the terms "ampere" "watts" and "volts" comprehensive it is only necessary to keep the water com parison in mind and remember that amperes correspond with the volume or How of a fluid, watts with energy or horse-power, and volts with pressure. A "kilo Witt" is a thousand watts, or equal to one and a third horse power of energy. Electric lights consume elec tric energy this energy is ex expressed in watts and paid for at so much per kilowatt, or a thousand watts. If the rate is fifteen cents a killowatt hour it is equal to about eleven cents a horse power hour. The average electric incandes cent lighting circuits carry cur rent at a pressure of about 110 volts and the street railway sys tems at about 500 valts. This means that the wires are carry ing electricity under a pressure of so many volts just as water pressure is expressed in pounds. We can easily nnderstand that a certain stream has a volume of so many gallons of water and it should be as easy to comprehend that a certain electrical line is carrying so many "amperers" of electricity, which means the vol ume of the flow of the current. One reads a great deal about "direct current" and "alternat ing current." lathe beginning of the electrical industry direct current only was known, that is, the current generated always flowed one way along the circuit. But later developments proved that a generator could be made much easier and simpler that would produce an "alternating current" a current that surged first one way and theu the other over the line. This current sur ges back and forth as often as sixty times or "cycles" a minute on the average lighting circuits and twenty five times on power lines. Alternating current gen erators are most extensively usod to day and where direct current is needed for street railway lines M other work the alternating current is changed into direct current with rotary converters. These machines look not unlike generators, but they simply change the surging current to ne which Hows always the one way. Judson Madden, formerly en gaged in the mercantile business t Three Springs, has been elect ed Principal of the Three Springs Public Schools at that place, and has already entered upon hia du tos. Mr.llden isonoof Hunt ingdon county's most able instruc tors. Tho School Board at that place had quite a controversy be fore thev succeeded in electing a principal. Woman As a Money (letter. A recent bulletin issued by the National Census Bureau sheds interesting light upon the ques tion concerning the extent to which women are getting into the gainful occupations, says the Bal timore American. The trend is unmistakably to an interesting ratio of women as money-earners and the statistics show that there are few occupations from which women are now excluded. But it is shown that the largo majori ty of women are not engaged in money-earning employments. At the time of the taking of tho 1000 census, there were in the United Slates, exclusive of outlying pos sessions, only 4,883,630 women who were "at work." But they were doing all of the 303 differ ent kinds of work which men do, with only nine excepted occupa tions. There were none who were soldiers, sailors or marines, though there is no rerson to doubt that they would have en listed in the Army and Navy if the regulations had permitted. There were no women telephone or telegraph linemen, and there were five other occupations that had pot been alluring enough to attract them. There were women in all of the other 804 callings, however. Five were employed as ship pilots, seven as conductors on steam railroads, thirty-one as brakemtjn and forty-five as engineers and firemen. There were forty-three carriage or hack drivers, 185 blacksmiths and 508 machinists. There were 125 of the occupations in which more than 1,000 women were employed. But more than half three-fifths of them were confined to six occupations. Do mestic service, as might readily be guessed, leads as the occupa tion that absorbs the greatest number of women wage-earners. It will surprise many to find that farm labor comes next as the oc cupation in which womeu are most numerously engaged. Dress making, laundry work, teaching and farming follow and make up the six employments in which women are chiefly engaged. They are in every one of the profes sions, however, without a single exception. As teachers they predominate. In 1000 they were doing just 73.4 of all the teaching in the country. FRONT LINE. Resolutions of Respect on the Death of Samuel Kelly. Whereas, It has pleased our Almighty Commander, in his in finite wisdom, to remove, by tho grim reaper, Death, our beloved brother; therefore, it seams right and proper to place on record a small tribute to express our just appreciation of his moral worth. Therefore be it Resolved, That we, the mem bers of King Post, No. 3155," G. A. II., Dept. of Fa., of McConnells burg, Pa., join in extending our sympathy and prayers to the be reaved widow and friends. And, also, our Post has lost an earnest member. While we mourn the loss of our Brother, and miss bis presence in our FoBt, we feel that our loss is his eternal gain that God made manifest tojus the importance of his command, "Be ye also ready, for such an hour as ye think not, the Son ot Man cometh. Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be eutered upon ttu minutes of the Post, and be print ed in the County papers, and the Post room be draped in mourning for thepace of thirty days. D. A. Gillis, Henky Tavlou, T. N. Uammil, Committee. Twenty-four inmates were re ceived at the Huntingdon Rofqr matory during tho month of Au gust, 20 were released on parole, 22 received final discharge after serving parole in outside world, 5 were released on expiration of maximum sentence, 2 returned voluntarily from parole and 1 was returned tor violation of parole, Through the Indefatigable Efforts of the Sunday School Workers, Fulton Now Occupies High Honor. Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well, has been the motto of the present officers of the Fulton County Sunday school association, and with the. detor mination that this county should occupy no second place in rank with the other counties of the State, a strong pull has been made with tho result that the goal has boen reached, and the banner ot Little Fulton has been placed where it may be seen by all the other Sunday schools in the great Keystone State. The following developments have been made during this mouth, which now completes tho conditions nej cessary to attain to the coveted rank, namely, Cradle Roll depart ments in Oakley M. E , Thomp son district; Fort Littleton M. E Dublin, and Black Oak Ridge in Bethel. Teachers' Training de partraent in Pleasant Grove Christian, in Belfast. Classes having taken their first oxamina tion : Enid U. B. and Kind M. Iv in Wells, and Wells Tannery third class. FORT LITTLtTON. DeKalb Orth and Charley Fields spent Sunday at their homes in this place. The stork visited the home of Mr. and Mrs. Charley Fields and left them a nice baby girl. John V. Stouteagle and lady friend, of McConnellsburg were registered at the hotel Wilson last Sunday. Mrs. Thomas Huslor is on the sick list. Miss Jess Henry spent Sun day at her home at Clear Ridge and Ally Deshong at his home near Harrisonville. , Miss Golda Fields and Mrs. Charley Wilson were shopping at Orbisonia last Friday and were registered at tho Hotel Eagle. Mr. and Mrs. D. C. Fleck and Hon. S. L. Buckley wore at Huntingdon on business one day lost week. H. Strait is visiting his mother-in-law in this place. Mr Charley Cowan and lady friend were calling on the for mer's sister at Burnt Cabins last Sunday. Fall Arbor Dav. State Superintendent of Public Instruction Schaeffer takes cog nizance of the steps to preserve the natural resources in proclam mg Autumn arbor day. He fixes Friday, October 23d., and pro claims it in the following words: "The conservation of our na tional resources, has become a problem of universal interest to the American people. Our soil, our forests, our miueral wealth and our water supply cannot be wasted without impairing tho country's future greatness and prosperity. The sources of our wealth should be preserved, and, as far as possible, restored for the benefit ot posterity. "Whatever is put into the schools will reappear later in the life of the nation. Studies which tend to improve our industrial conditions should he fostered and encouraged. The planting of trees for shade and for fruit, the processes of budding and grafting, the methods of destroy ing noxious insects, and the pre vention of forest '! res should oe studied by the pupils in both public and private schools. The dissemination of this kiud of knowledge has been greatly stimulated by the observance of Arbor Day. "To perpetuate tho laudable custom of celebrating Arbor Day when all the schools are in ses sion, Friday, October 28, 1908, is hereby designated as Autumn Arbor Day; aud all conuected with the schools are urged to ob serve the day by the plautmg of trees and by other suitable exercises." Warning To Merchants. Dealers in cigars are liable to a fine ot from 50 to 10') for vio lation of the state law if they ro move the lids from boxes which they have placed on display in glass cases or on shelves. While the law is a foolish one, it never theless must bo obeyed and lids must not under a.iy circumstan ces be removed from cigar boxes until they are empty. To have a box of cigars without a lid attached iu the case makes tho dealer liable to a fine. In Al lontown last week, a man paid 75 tine and costs, amounting to 83 in all. COURT NEXT WEEK. McClain - Harnett. A very pretty wedding occur red at the home of the bride's parents Mr. and Mrs. Geo. W. Barnett, near Waterfall, on Tues day evening, September 22, 1908, when their daughter, Miss Ethel became the bride of Mr. Koy E. McClain, son of Mr. and Mrs. James F. McClain, of New Gre nada. The ceremony was per formed by Rev. J. T. Floegal, pastor of the M. E. church on the Three Springs circuit. The happy couple left last Thursday morning for their home at Youngstown. Ohio. May their days be all sunshine and happi ness is the wish of their many friends. ' District S. S. Convention. A district Sunday school con vention will be held in the Mc Connellsdale church in Tod town ship, Saturday afternoon and ev ening, October 10th. Prominent Sutiday school workers will be present, and the t ipics for dis cussion are such as should enlist the interest of everyone engaged in this noble wort. The follow ing is a program of the work as it has been arranged : afternoon session, 1:30. 1. How the Cradle Roll and Home Departments Help the School. 2. The Need ot Trained Teach ers; How Trained. 3. The Management of theClass. 4. What it Would Mean to Have our School a Banner School. EVENING SESSION, 7:00. 5. The Everyday Life of Teach er and Officer. 6. The Organized Adult Bible Class. 7. How to Keep the School Open Through the Winter. 8. General Conference. NEEDMORE. We are glad for the glorious rain that fell the first ot the week. Rev. A, G. B. Powers is the happiest man in Need more his sous aud families are all at home Chas. of Nebraska and Jacob and Henson of Virginia. They mako an excellent choir and can be heard at Need more every even ing. Elder A. J. Garland of Front Royal, Va.. will hold services here Monday evening, Tuesday at 2 p. ui., and Tuesday evening. Rev. Powers and sons will preach here Wednesday evening, Thursday, and Thursday even ing. Elds. Funk, A. J. Garlaud,.and Ahiinaaz Mellott, accompained by Mr. and Mrs. John McClellan, and H. M. Snyder, attended the Union Meeting at Trough Creek last Saturday and Sunday. A birth day party codsisting of a number of little friends of Mildred Dixon was given at the home of her grand father, Mr. A. Runyan, last Wednesday even ing. Miss Mattie Funk spent sever al days last week with her sister Mrs. Ross Mellott. School is going fairly well, but would go better were the neces sary supplies furnished. "Miss Minnie Funk has been having a serious time with her finger. Pleasant Ridge won the ball game last Saturday but we ex pect to turn the tables next Saturday. Likely to Last All Week. Unusually Large Number of Cases on Crim inal List- I Next week is likely to be a busy one in Court. There are four cases put down for trial in the Common Pleas court, and twenty-seven on the criminal list. Of course, some of the cases on the criminal list are ld ones, and will not be tried, yet there still enough to occupy a good deal of time. The Civil cases are: Geo. E. Northcraft vs. Frank Bay aud Frederick Ray. W. C. Davis vs., Blaine Bertrdor. School District of McConnells burg Borough vs. School Dis trict, of, Ayr township. Frank Sprowl vs. The President and Managers of the Chamborsburg aud Bedford Turnpike Road Company. Rowe Mellott vs. J. J. Kelly, President, William H. Nelson, C. C. Ramsey, M. W. Nace and C. F. McCullough, trading and doing business as the United Telegraph Pin and Bracket Company. SHARPE. Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Covalt spent last Sunday with Mr George Bishop and family. Mr. William Stone our hust ling fruit tree agent was canvas sing in Franklin recently. Miss Jess Truax spent last Tuesday evening the guest of her friend Miss Nell Bishop. Mrs. Dorothy Strait is on the sick list. Our school is progressing.nice ly under the care of Mr. Thomas Truax. Mrs. Edward Souders, Miss Nell Bishop, Mr. Clifford OrTrdon and Hon. D. T. Humbert are among those who spent Sunday with T. H. Truax and family. Quite a few of our young peo pie attended the apple cutting at Mr. Eh Funk's on Tuesday even ing. All report a line time. Mrs. Martha Waltz spent a few days this week visiting her daughter Mrs. Shade Truax. ENID. The schools of the Valley, with tho exception of the High School, began on the 21st. The High school opened Monday Prof. Jackquish as teacher. Mrs. Eajma Seelar, of Avalon, is visiting her mother, Mrs. C. Schenck. Chas. Schenck and wife visited the latter 's parents, Mr. and Mrs. Aaron Foster, at Coaldale, over Sunday. Miss Jessie Cunningham, one of Altoona's successful teachers, made a flying visit to her home hero. She took her nieces, Jes sie and Dora Rhaesa back with her. Mr. and Mrs. John Martin, of Coaldale, visited C. M. Schenck 's last week. Mr. and Mrs. A. D. Berkstres ser ai.d Mrs. Jno. E. Bridenstein spent Sunday with relatives in Sax ton. Mr. David Spang, of Saxton, spent a few days at John E. Brid onstein's recently. Mrs. Lizzie Woodcock is quite poorly at this time. State Game Commissioner Kill bfus has received the report of Warden Ralph Ross, who ar rested a man named John Miller, in Fayette county, for robbiug a nest of quail. He took not only thirty one eggs, but the nesting bird, and was fined (i0. It is one of the first cases of the kind to come up. Another man shot a robin and went to jail at Union- town for ten days. The fall meeting of Carlisle presbytery was held in Dillsburg on Tuesday and Wednesday of this week. Hon. V. Scott Alex ander, of this place was the mod orator. The presbytery consis ts ot 58 ministers and about an equal number of elders, who, re present the churches. It covers the seven counties of Adams, Cumberland, Dauphin, Franklin, Fulton, Perry, and Lauanon. Suicide. Albert, a German, aged about forty-live years, who during the past ten years has been employ ed in the home of Dr. J. Grant Hanks at Breezewood as a man-of-all- work, was found dead in bed last Saturday morning. On Friday evening he had shaved, taken a bath, and put on clean clothing. A handkerchief tied ovor his face, and a bottle having contained chloroform lying near when ho was found, led to the supposition that he had suicided, although there was nothing in his manner the dav previous to indicate that he harbored any in clinations in this direction. His funeral took place on Sunday. Educational Meeting. The first Educational Meeting of Tod township was held at Knobsville, last Friday evening. The following subjects were ably discussed by the teachors present: 1. Supplementary work; its value, and to what extent should it be used? 2. Economy of time. 3. Spelling in primary grades, how taught and results:1 The discussions were inter spersed with a number of recita tions and several songs by the school with Miss Mabel Fore as organist. All the teachers of Tod were present. Lillian Fleming and Elsie Baker from Dublin, and H. O. Wible from Licking Creek Dr. Fore and Prof. T. S. Hershey. also entered into the discussions. The large crowd gave evidence of their interest in the work by paying strict attention through out the meeting. Adjourned to meet at McGoverns in two weeks. Blanche O. Peck, Secretary. Look At Your Label. Our subscribers will confer a favor upon the publisher of this paper by carefully examining the label on their respective papers. The label shows the date to which you are paid according to the books in this office. For mstauce : Nehemiah N. Peck, 8 15 08 means that Nehemiah is paid to August 15M1908. The 8 means the 8th month, which is August, and the 08 means 1908. We try to be careful, but mistakes will some times occur in the best regulated families, and if, after you have paid your subscription, the date is not changed within a period of two weeks, you will confer a ta vor on us by calling attention to it, by sending us a postal card or calling at the office, and thus save yourself the annoyance of some time getting a bill for what you have already paid. To attompt to collect a bill twice is the last thing we should think ot being guilty of. MUSTONTOWN. Miss Mary Heifner has return ed to her home in this place after naving spent tho summer with her brother at Petersburg. E. R. McClain, Ellis Lynch and Dr. Clarence N Trout spent Sunday in our town as the guests of Dr. H. C. McClain. Mrs. John Jones and two chil dren have returned home again after a few weeks' visit in Dry Run. Mr. H. E. Palsgrove and Jacob Strait are now added to the sick list of the town. Hunting season is almost here. Now, hunters, beware of how many squirrels and pheasants you kill, and be sure that they are the genuine article. A quartet of tho Hustontown boys attended the Granger picnic at Maddensville and helped to furnish the music for the occas ion; also, helped to play ball. Fulton Co., vs., Huntingdon, with score 18 to 10 in favor of Fulton county. More than 3,000 bankers, rep resenting all classes of financial institutions, and every state in the Union, are in Derver this week attending the thirty-fourth annual convention of the Ameri can Bankers' Association, ABOUT PEOPLE YOU KNOW Snapshots at Their Comings and doings Here for a Vacation, or Away for a Resttul Outing. NAMES OP VISITORS AND VISITED Miss Gertrude Sipes is visit friends in Chambersburg. Isaac Layton and David M. Kline were in town awhile Mon day. Mr. and Mrs. John Reed, of Mercorsburg. spent Sunday with friends in town. Miss Annie B. Frey is in the eastern cities this week purchas ing her fall and winter stock of millinery. Reed Ray and Gus Stanley, of Everett, drove down from that town Sunday, and returned Tues day morning. M i-8. Minerva Kellar and chil dren, of Philadelphia, are visit ing in the home of Mrs. Kellar's parents, Mr. and Mrs. J. Nelson Sipos. Mrs. M. V. Cromer just return ed from a two woeks visit with friends at Mercersburg, Mount Union, Tyrone and Fort Little ton. Miss Carolyn Charlton, of Maddensville and her aunt Mrs. Hannah Cromer, of Pittsburg, spent last Thursday with friends in McConnellsburg. Dr. J. J. Palmer and family, of Need more, Miss Rose Foltz, of Oakland, 111., and Merchant J. W. Lake and family were a party of visitors to the County Seat last Thursday. Ernest Doyle, who has been a resident of Washington City, for several years, spent a few days during the past week with his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Will Doyle of this place. Miss Jessie Dickson, of this place, left a few days ago for Philadelphia where she has en tered the Drexel Institute for a course of industrial training. Jess is a bright young lady, and, of course, is bound to succeed. Mr. aud Mrs. Bert. S. Wine gardner and child spent last Fri day night in the home of the former's uncle, James Henry, north of town. Saturday morn ing, Mr. and Mrs. Winegardner went over to Franklin to visit George Fox and family. Mr. and Mrs. A. M. Lake, and the former's sister, Mrs. Lizzie England, of Everett, spent a few hours iu town Tuesday. Mrs. England is visiting among her oldtime friends and relatives in Belfast, but expects to return In 'in in time to attend the fair in Bedford next week. Dr. John R. Hunter, of Lewis town, a native of Wells Valley, is spending several weeks studying in the clinics of the Drs. Mayo, Rochester, Minn., and also in the leading clinics of Chicago Dr. Hunter has built up a large and lucrative practice in Lewistown, but he is ambitious to rise to a higher plane of usefulness, m his profession, and is not satisfied at auything short of knowing all that anybody else knows about the business. NEW QRENADA. Mrs. Jacob S. Block and son Fred visited the family of A. M. Corbin in Taylor township. Geo. Cutchall, son of Mr. and Mrs. Aloaugh Cutchall, who has been in the West for many yearr, is visiting his mauy friends in Taylor and vicinity. Mrs. Game Llnikin, of Alle gheny City, is visiting in the home of her brother, Frar'r G. Mills. Elva Black, who had been visit ing friends at Siiulln, returned home last Saturday. Annie Ewing, of Newton Ham ilton, is visiting friends at the Houok House. Alma McClain is visiting in Johustown. Bert McClain, who was ser iously ill, and Ruth Cunningham are able to be about again.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers