THE PULPIT. J yon have found out Hp did no wrong; I Hp always did the right. Every word I tnd act ontruns conscience; He made J a new character The first element A SCHOLARLY SUNDAY SERMON BY wn humility; the word was not new DR. T CALVIN M'CLELLAND. Theme: The Divinity of Christ. Brooklyn, N. Y. Dr. T. Calvin Mr '"'"Hand, pantor of tlte Memorial Pres- rlan Church. Seventh avenue and c tonn s place, preached Sundav r. ilng on "The Divinity of Christ: It Way In Which Man Mav Como to "lleve In It." The text was John "The word became flesh and dwelt among us. and we beheld His glory, glory as of an only begotten from a Father, full of srace and truth." Dr. MeClellnnd said: Mv theme Is "The Divinity of Christ: One Way in Which a Man May Come to Relieve In It " Whnt do we menu lv the divlriltv of Christ I I would not bp theological or mcta- 1 love. pn-icai: this Is a sermon for prac 1lfn tvm, r . .. . i ... n His time, the Greeks had an equlv- il"nt for It meaning "coward;" Jesus I nade the base-born word the key- I word of Christian character. If ever here was a world-lord It was He, and j vet He was nmong men as one that. iprveth. And since then service has DM1 reckoned the crowning grace of i haracter, and men have stretched Ut their lame hands to selte and : ivear It. Another element of Jesus' character was love; this, too, Ho ere- , tited; not that none had loved till , lesus came, but none had loveJ all ! the time, under all clrcumstancas, all men. With Jesus love was laying lOWl one's life In the way Clod elves the nun nnd rain, without stint, -without partiality, for good and bad. This Ml I new Idea, and since Jesus lived j His idea hns been the standard meas ure of love; anything loss than hat. ' which measures up to a cross Is not I I 1 j CHRISTIAN FIHSIR Nil I The Evolution of Paint. INTEHNATION.iL LESSON ME NTS FOR MAY 10 COM- I Anolher element in Jesus' ch.irsir. tlcal men. for men who want to be- fer was forgiveness. This virtue was ii it in this fundamental truth of our not unknown: hut. they who practiced religion Do we mean by calling i It aforetime did It under no senae of .7 - : (living that Re is Cod: that Is, j necessity. It was a work of superero 11 or God? We could not menu that, gation. A man was not bound to for IW Jesus Himself Mid, "My Father is give; did he, he had a lien on the ranter than I." Jesus stands for I gods. Jesus said a man was bound to forgive, only so could he know Ood; nnd there rises before us the tcu. speaks for Ccrl. acts for God, His ideas are God's. His feelings are Qod'l so much so that Jesus and God arp one: wo Ree nothing In Jesus but God. rr.i- nil practical purposes for religion Jesus is God: for us He has the spiritual value of God, He ii God. An i yei m reality Jesus Is not God vision of One whose countenance was marred more than any man's, who was led as a lamb to the slaughter, and while they butchered Him, He prayed, "Father, forgive them, for ih-.v know not what they do." In this tho i I ip can say in a verv true i sort of character you have something !l" "iat hath seen Me hath ' that stands by ltslf. No other char seen tl'.e Father." He also says, "The acter is the match for It. The man Father N greater than I." Does not I who wears it is in a class bv Himself, 'he apostle exactly express It when he ! What shall we do with this Jesus? writes, l li . word was made flesh and d- -it among us. and we beheld His glory." not the Father's glory, mark Mil, "bttt glory as of an onlv begotten of the Father, full of." not the Fath er's omnlpreaeajOM, omnipotence and omniscience, but fnii of the Fath era "grace and tr.ith." And so, the ;;'.i theologically Jesus is not all or Go, yet. practically 1 know that wh:i I fall on my knees before Jean? a: 1 v, "My Lord and mv God," I ar Inz Him His true name. With Alexander the Great and Na poleon the Great, with Shakespeare I and Michael Angelo; somehow our I sense of fitness rebels; we rannot bring Ourselves to call Him Jesus the . OrMt; He Is simply Jesus. Where ; did He come from? Somehow we ! find ourselves looking past Joseph. over Mary's head. Into the heavens. : Ordinary fatherhood and motherhood , never before or since brought, forth this kind of Itft; nere Is a glorv, not like Alexander's, or Napoleon's, or D . we :n;iii by railing Jesus divine ! Shakespeare's, or Michael Ang-lo's. it then !? was something other than mar. a foreigner from scim alien life to tie country of human nature? Wr; we tempted to think that, ths '' Of Him praying with plain men, "On:- Father. " would bring us to out aenrs. We cannot think of Jeans is not like the glory of all these rolled into one, It is another kind of glory, a still greater glory; it is a glory as of an only begotten of tba divine; that fits the case; He is the Son of God. Hut we musf go on, we are carried farther. It Is like this: Here is an as unbuman when we hear Him 3ay to 1 organ. Someone tells me that there plain mar, "FOUOW Me," which mrans, "You can d) what. I do. you can be what I am." Would you trans late the term "a human being" Into Jesus' language, you could find no better term than His favorite name for Himself, "Son of Man." In so calling Himself Jesus meant that we should know that He was blood of our blood, spirit of our spirit. He was like HI net. in middle life only, hut in Infancy, in death and attar death. is in this chest wonderful harmonies. I go up to It. 1 examine Its mechan ism. I see that, it is an organ; I read the name-plate on the console and get this guarantee of its possibilities. I go inside the case and look Into the great tubes and horns of wood and m-?tal and I agree that It Is good for all that is claimed for it. There may be unguessed harmonies In this mass of mechanism; there may be voices of t thunder, moanings like those of the Jesus' divinity makes Him not differ- I great deep, melodies like those birds ent in kind, only different In degree; e is man, tint more man than we. The likentjs of Jesus to us Is patent, but It Is the difference we need to realize: the likness without the differ ence were meaningless: and useless. ir ne wero lust man, what gain? The world Is full of men. It is His differ- I enc a from us that counts. It is the difference from us which makes it im- I possible for us to call Him .Testis tho , Great, which makes Him Jesus the Only. Charles Lamb once said, "If j Shakespeare was to come Into this room, we should all rise Op to meet him; hut if that Person, was to come Into it, we should fall down and try i to kiss the hem of His garment." It I? the dlfferenca between Jesus and I us which makes t:. feel unworthy to put our lips to tha fringe of His cloak. It is the difference which makes us call Jmm divine In a way In which wo can use tho word in ref erence to no one else. And now what is that difference, what Is this divinity of Jesus? Just this, that what-ver Jesus said or did. He left on men the impression of God; like a telescope at or through which we cannot look without think ing of the heavens. Jesus always brought God near. Always in Jesus' presence there Is this unavoidable feeling of God. When He spoke, con science heard in Ills voice the tones of its infinite author; when He looked at one, the soul felt Its eternal Judge searching its Innermost secrets; when He ac.ed. one knew that it was as the great fjod would act; when He died, men (alt that they had seen all of God that human hearts could appre hend; henceforth they knew ihu! there was nothing in God a human mind could grasp but Christ. For ail purposes of living Jesus is all we know of God; In Him tba soul mset3 God. Cod meets the soul Now how can a man come to believe that? Ballots not that .lesus Is the Absolute CoJ, breaking (or the Brat time into a world from which no to sing at twilight. I allow that there may be all there things In this organ, j But, suddenly some one touches the keys, and the great thing springs into j life; it sings itself and me away. I hear in it the voices of the wind, the murmurings of the little rivers, the distant calls of the gathering clouds, i The great chords run together, they rise and fall In waves of melody, they tremble away into whisperings of peace. Tho music his found ni": the organ has touched my feelings; I know beyond the remotest shadow of doubt that this chest of pipes is wnat it claims to be. You, too, have been using your eyes, your reason is the eye of your soul, but your soul has au ear, and while you were watching Jesus, study ing Him to find out if indeed He is ii vine, did your ear hear nothing, St era there no voices from that Life which caught your spirit and led it to lean out of the window enraptured with sounds that were heavenly, nongs Immortal? What do I mean? That the divinity of Jesus is more than a fact for the intellect, It is a force for the conscience. Study Jesus and you find Him studying you; read the Gos paja, and you discover that your soul I Is being read. Other men speak and roil are interested. Jesus speaks and j roii3clcr.ee takes notice. The great ' among men make you think of things. 1 iironiwell makes you think of power, Uaphacl of beautiful lights, Mendels- lobo of beautiful sounds and jiauses, I but Jesus the very name is a chal- i Isnge. Are you your better self ot lour worse self? You cannot get away from the challenge; a Life has ' i:lluched with you. The eye Beea the organ and allows It is fit to make music; the ear heart the music and allows that It is an I Irrgan, The reason appraises the Man i f the Gospel and says, "if tills Man Watt not of God He could do noth ing;" the spirit kneels and whispers, My Lord and my God." The total manhood agrees, The word waf this lime He had existed a;iart ia the ! made flesh, and dwelt among us and inscrutable solitudes of iuiinlty; be lieve not that Je.ius Is some unhuman wedge driven into natural human life; but believe that in Jesus the un seen God looks out upon us, the moral character ot toe Deity becomes flesh, and in that flesh Is seen to be grac; and truth. How can a man believe that? You will not think as I point out this way tba. It is the only way In which onu can come to believe that Jesus Is the Lull of the Invisible God: I give it I P i'OB. as only one practical way In whi-h men built, as I an; may coma to kn-iel at the manger and say: "Here was born my Lord and my God." First, then, the man who would be lieve In the divinity ot our Lord will bring his reason to the study of the Gospel. He will want to know If the record Ib the story of a real life. Here, as I have Intimated, reason Is satisfied. Tested by the laws of evi dence the Gospels are known to be a genuine record, and the facts they account for are the best attested facts In history. He can begin Immedi ately with the Christ Himself. Put ting the sayings and doings together, we get some idea of Jesus' character. And the first thing that strikes you Is ills absolute stalnlessnesB; He did no sin. the narrative does not say this it goes without the saying; His life was lived In the open, but the spoillug world left no spot on Him; He spent His time among '.he moral lepers, but no contagiou fastened on Him; broth erhood with the sintullest He claimed except In this, their senM .if guilt; He, in the preMnce of whom others cried, "Depart from me, for I am guilty," had no eonfeMlon for Him self. Saints among men tell how they toll through repentance into saoctlty; but here is One who looked Into the face of the Almighty with no remorxe under the shadow of that end where men most feel a shrinking from an In evitable sifting. He spake. "I have finished the work Thou gavest Me to Jo." Hla cue is without parallel This slnlessness separates Him not only from the sinner, but also from the Mint; He stands alons. But you have seon the least whan ara beheld His glory; glory us of ar Duly begotten of a Father, full ol t;race and truth." After all, brothers, we do all believe in the divinity ol Christ, do we not? It is not that we all have the same words with which to describe it; there are still creeds ' ii. ! creeds; but as under the fugue on the organ'B flutes there throbs thf undertone of the sixteen foot peda' diapason, so beneath the detail ol Unitarian and Trinitarian, underton lug the intricacies of new theologj and old theology, throbs for the eat that will listen for It, the deep con senting faith In the divine Christ 'God was in Christ." The Well Springs of Life. The ..I ream is clearest at the spring and the life that is begun daily at Calvary is seldom muddied An I'ncouvlvial Instrument. Whether Jan Kubellk will permit himself to be lionized remains to be seen. At any rate it is rather certain that his violin will be left at home if Its owner deigns to dine or sup or take tea abroad. A Now York woman who has had some success as an en tertainer of celebrities wrote Kubellk during lib last Gotham uppearance: "Will you join us with some friends to dine on Thursday? Bring your violin." She wan somewhat cha grined when her messenger returned with the reply: "Dear Madam My violin never dines." -San Francisco Cull. HIS RIDICULOUS CLAIM. "So you claim to possess the heart of a boy? Bah!" "But, really, 1 feel just as young m I ever did." "Go on. The Are engines want past here Are minutes ago, and you were so busy reading some of Emer son's essays that you never knew it." Chicago Record-Herald. Subject: The Mission of the Holy Spirit, John 18 iM and 1A:34 iollen Text, John 14:10 Com mit Verse lit Commentary, TIME. Late Tuesday night or cnrlv Wednesday morning, April 4th or ItD, A. D. 30. PLACE. Near Jerusalem. EXPOSITION. I. Jrsns Going, the Comforter foinlng, 4-7. The dis ciples were filled with sorrow at tho announcement of the departure of Jpsus. Tba story of the world's hate still gops on fcf. vs. 1-3). The world. Jpsus says, will excommunicate nnd kill the one who Is trup to Him. How trup this prophecy has proven to be in actual history, but Jesus prepared His disciples for the fiery trial by fore warning them of It, and He would prepare us for the persecutions we must surely mept. If we are loyal to Him. by forewarning us of them (2 Tim. P.-12). The disciples were filled with sorrow, so full were they that they did not von ston to ask, "Whither goest Thou'" If we would only ask that nupstlon concerning our departing friends, and get God's an swer to the question, sorrow would no longer fill our hearts (cf. Phil 1:23). Jesus did not tell them of coming trial while He was with them, but r.nw that H" was to he no longer with them In nerson. they needed to be forewarned In order 'that they might be forearmed. II. When the Comforter l Come, T-1H. Their sorrow over the de-r-artUr of Jesus was altogether need less. It wns profitable for them for testis to go, for another Divine Friend wai coming to take His place, a Friend who could be much nearer and more con nntly nearer to them than Jesus could b" during the dnvs of Hl flush. How clnarly the personality of tho Holy Spit it comes out in all this. Can we conceive of Jesus saying It was profitable for Hlni to go. if the One who was to come and take His place was not a Person but only an impersonal influence or powpr? The word translated "Comforter" mpans that and far more. It is the same word that Is translated "advocate" in 1 John 2:1. But advoeatn does not. give its full force. It means one called to stand beside another, as con stant helper, counselor, guide, friend. Jesus, up to this time, had been a friend constantly at hand, but He was going and another Divine Frie::d was coming who would not only be with them, but dwell In them (ch. 14:1(1, 17). A Christian need never be lone ly if hp would only bar In mind that fact, that In him dwells the best of all GOUMMtUiO.na, the Paraclete, the Holy Spirit. The Comforter has come. His first work is to show the world its error about sin. to show that the great, decisive, damning sin Is not to believe in the Son of Ood (cf. Acts 2:3 6, 37; John 3: IS. 19), and that they are guilty of this sin. It is not our work to try to convince the world of sin. If wo tried to do It. we should fall; but there Is one who can do it if we look to Him, the Holy Spirit, but He does it through us. Jes.s says, "I will send Him unto you" (v. 7), "and when He Is come (unto you), He will convict the world." As far as the ScriptureB reveal, the Holy Spirit has no channel through which He can get at the world except through those who are already saved. Are you an unobstructed channel? How many there are In our homes and our classes that the Holy Spirit is trying to get at, and He is trying to get the use of our llp3, but we will not place them at His disposal. Or, if we do place them at His disposal, our own lives are not surrendered fully to Him and so He cannot work through us. He shows the world, too, its error about righteousness. He shows to the world by the resurrec tion and ascenBion of Jesus, that Jesus is the righteous One and th f only righteousness possible to us Is in Him (cf. Phil. 3:, R. V.). There, are two things that a man neeis to see in order to be saved first, him self, that he is a sinner; second, Jesus, His righteousness, and the righteousness of God provided for us In Him. It Is the work of the Holy Spirit to show these two things to man. He also shows the world Its error about judgment, I. e., that there is to be a judgment for it, Inasmuch as Its prince is. judged already. But the Holy Spirit would do another work, guide the disciples Into all the truth. The disciples were not yet ripe lor all the truth, and Jesus is au iBUOitOly wise Teacher, and gave them tlii; truth as they wora prepared to receive it. It would be well if modern teacher would learn from Jesus to adapt their teaching to the digestion of the hearers. But the time would come when they should be led Into all the fullness of God's truth. This promise was made pri marily to the apostles. It Is JeBus' own guarantee of the inspiration and truth and completeness of their teach ing. But this promise cannot be lim ited to the apostles, tor John himself applies it to all believers (I John 2:27). It Is the privilege ot each be liever to be directly taught ot the Spirit, and we will not understand the truth unty pre are thus taught. No amount or reading of good books, or of the mere letter of the Word, will give us to know the truth the Spirit Himself must .each ub. Of course, He will not teach anything contrary to the Book ot which He HlmBelf Is the Author, but He will be the Inter preter of the Book. Place to Live. Tristan da Cunba, 1500 miles southwest of the Cape of Qood Hope, is an island Utopia. Eighty-one Eng lish subjects inhabit the place and live the simple life. The motto of each is, "Consider my neighbor, and my neighbor will consider me." Every householder has an aore of land un der cultivation. Plenty of cattle, sheep and poultry furnish meat food, and fish are always plentiful. Grocer ies are obtained by trading with pass ing veMeis. The people are healthy, happy and contented. QriL FOOTSORE. Balboa was tolling down the west ern slope. "Caramba," he muttered, wiping his brow. "This discovering the Pa cific is tough work. For two cents I'd wait for one of these autos to give me a lift." However, he pressed on and beat the leading machine. Philadelphia Ledger. MAY TENTH. Being a Christian. I. In Our Work and Our Play. John S: 17; Eccl. 9: 10: Prov. 17: 22. A servant who was dear. Luke 7. 110. Conscientious work. Titus 2: 9, 10. Patient under a bine. 1 Pet. 2: 18-20. 'Expecting rewards. Matt. 6: 30 34. Ministering to the mind 1 Sam. 16: 16-23. Playing In Jerusalem. Zech. 8: 1-0. Ood Is the world's great worker, unceasing, unhastlug, unfrettlng: nnd His work Is the basis of all our work. Work done with our might Is done In the easiest wny. and the best. The only work we know about surely Is our work In this world, nnd our chance for that is soon over. I Work Is expensive. It wear nwny. Recreation Is to restore whnt has been worn away. That Is the sum of the philosophy of play. Thoughts. Being a Christian at work means i that we do not overwork, or under I work. j That Is no work or piny for a Christian Into which be cannot easily i Imagine Christ entering. The Ideal for both work and play i Is that we get the play spirit into 1 our work. Choose your life work for life for your eternal life! Illustrations. Play Is the tallow land of life, and fallow land Is the conultlun of con I tlnued products. , All tools, as the saw, hammer, nil- ger, are means of concentrating one's : power upon a point of reslstence. j Make your mind such I tool. Play Is the springboard from which ' we leap Into work. Keep that as your end In view, i Overwork Is the twisting of the ' spring of life so far that It breaks; : overplay Is the untwisting of the . spring of life so far that it breaks: Quotations. The modern majesty consists in 1 work. What a man can do Is his greatest ornament, and he always consults his dignity by doing It. Carlyle. It Is not work that kills men. It Is worry. It Is not the revolution that destroys the machinery, but the fric tion. Beechcr. Pleasure oon exhausts us and it self also; but cndSgVOT never does. Itlchter. Choose such pleasures ns recreate much, and cost little. Fuller. EPWORTH LEAGUE LESSONS SUNDAY, MAY 10. What Will God Give to His Children. (Luke 18. 1-8: Matt. 7. 7-12.) The answer tx the question of this theme Is easy. God will give us the ' best gifts, the gifts we have most ' need of, the help which we most lack. the power which is most greatly re : quired. Hut there are conditions to God's giving, and Jesus never en couraged any prayer which did not recognize these conditions. We often say that we must ask in ; the name of Christ, and our prayers I usually close with the phrase, "For i Christ's sake." But what does it mean to ask In the name or the spirit i of Christ? It means that we are to ', pray as Jesus himself prayed, with j the attitude of a child coming to a father. We are to ask because we love, and to ask God to give because he loves. When there Is anything that Interrupts our relation of son i ship, the only thing we can ask for is that that Interruption may be re moved. Another mark of the prayer which Is offered In the spirit of Christ Is that it Is offered In the line of the purpose of God. He will not give us anything which antagonizes his own plans; not because he Is arbitrary but because his plans already have their source In perfect knowledge and per fect love. So we must ask for what we desire as Jesus did, even In the moment of his supremest struggle, saying In that intensest petition. "Nevertheless, not my will, but thine, I be done." The second aspect of the answer is that the best gifts cannot be given at all unless they are desired and j asked for. We have all had the ex perience of offering or receiving gifts I that were not desired. You know ; how unpleasant it is to be either j giver or receiver of unwelcome gifts. There Is no blessing In them, and no value; sometimes they even es trange those who beforetlme were friends. And we may be sure God will never force even the most preci ous of his gifts upon us; to do that would be to destroy Its value. He will not even give us that which he Is most anxious to give us member ship In the kingdom of God unle.is we desire it. We may Bay with en tire reverence and truth that he can not give us this greatest gift without our asking. H ti. B. Mlit KI.I.. W1KK WORDS. The thicker the grass the easier to mow. Aiaric. Borrowing la the canker and death of every man s estate., Kaleigh. He that contemneth small thlngt shall fall by little and little. Bible. Language is the vehicle of thought, but a lot of times It travels empty. Puck. Impartial vigor and example are the best means of governing. Chinese. The unfortunate thing about being a fat woman Is that even a shawl seems tight for her. New York Press. It's never necessary for a woman to appear girlish unless she's past thirty and not yet married. New York Press. Knowledge is power, and that's all. Naturally It works to better effect in a six-cylinder mau than in a two cylinder mau. Puck. "Some people claim they don't get nuthln' out o' lite." "And they are the kind that don't put uuthln' into It to draw Interest on." Louisville Courier-Journal. The earliest use of paint was prob ably heraldic or symbolical, and the colors were applied first to the human body. Remnants of the practice are still seen nmong savages who, on cer emonious occasions, of war, the chase:, etc., decorate their faces with con ventional signs and colors. The second use of paint in evolu tion was decorative. The Egyptians, thousands of years ago, used the sim ple colors, both for broad effects nnd for decorative design. The Oreeks are believed to have colored all their marbles, whether statuary or carving, and the Romans, who were Imitative in their arts, carried the use of colors in architecture to the extreme, as seen in the wall paintings of Pom pell. The pigments used in these earlier days were generally of the simplest type usually natural colors found In the earth and requiring only mechan ical treatment to fit them for use. Of thPBP are the iron oxides, such as red haematite, ochres, Blennns, umbers, etc., the natural snlts of lead, cad mium and nrsenic yellows, and cinna bar, which are now produced arti ficially, these natural pigments nre still In use at the present day, the chief improvement being in the pro cesses of preparation. A few of our artificial colors were apparently known to the Romans, at least, since Vetruvlus and Pliny de scribe processes for the production of several. Including white lead and lamp black. According to what can be gathered from these writers nnd from examination of paints found In Pompeii and Rome, the liquid me dium appears to have been some sort of vegetable gifm in solution. It was not until comparatively re cent times that paint begun to receive attention as a protective or preserva tive material. All of the earlier (illu sions to the subject were aloug decor ative lines, and down to nearly the beginning of the last, century all In formation on the subject was directed to the requirements of artists or ar chitects. The dwellings of the more fortunately circumstanced classes were built of stone, brick and hard woods, on which paint, except for dec oration, was but sparingly used; while the shelters of the poorer classes were generally of the flimsiest character on which paint would have been an unthinkable luxury. As the means of the common peo ple Improved and the use of wood for permanent buildings became more common, paint naturally suggested itself as a preservative material, and white lead, being the most generally obtainable of the lighter colored pig ments. Its employment received an Impetus which It has scarcely yet lost. Of nil the artificial pigments, ex repting lamp black, this is probably the oldest. The natural carbonate of lead was well known among the Greeks and Romans, and It is proba ble, from some remarks of the writers of the first century, that the prepara tion of the hydrocarbonate by the use of vinegar was also understood. White lead was at least manufactured for their own use by the Italian artists of the Middle Ages. It Is probable that the Dutch acquired the art of makitu; white lead from Venice, but in Hol land tho industry received Buch an impetus that the process still In use with some modifications, is known to this day as the "Old Dutch Pro cess." The Dutch corroded lend by expos ing it to the fumes of vinegar lu por celain pota buried under fermenting manure in a trench excavated In the earth. The Industry wbb brought from Holland to England, where eventually certain Improvements brought It finally to its present form, wherein the process is conducted In wooden "stacks" or bins by means of fermenting spent tan bark. For many years white lead re mained the only available white base for house paints, and so long as the pigments used with it to produce tintB were the. stable earth colors and such unalterable artificial products as lump black, it answered the general re quirements quite satisfactorily. Two defects were, however, noted very early the first, its tendency to dark en from exposure from sulphuretted hydrogen gas, and second, its disas trous effect upon the health of those working with it. The last mentioned property led to Increasing agitation against its use, as the practice of house painting spread, and the history of the paint ii.dustry from late lu the eighteenth century to the middle of the nine teenth is full of attempts to replace it with something else. This agita tion led on the one hand to the sub stitution of white lead ground In oil by the manufacturer for the old form of dry lead ground by the painter himself, nnd on the other hand re sulted in the addition of zinc oxide, sublimed lead, llthopone, blanc fixe, etc., to the list of available white pigments. It was also recognized quite early that there are certain colors which cannot be mixed with white lead with out destruction. Artificial ultrama rine, for otample, which, after its production by Quintet and others about 1828, came Into general use, has its beautiful color quickly de stroyed by contnet with lead olg- ments. Similarly the Prussian blue, accidentally discovered by Dleabach In 1704, is quickly discolored by white lead, as are the "chrome greens" produced by precipitating to gether Prussian blue und chrome yel low. This is also the case with all pigments containing sulphur, such as the genuine vermilions, cadmium yel low and some other brllliaut colors. Old painters can still remember the days when not only white lead but all their colors came to them in th dry form, to be laboriously worked up by them with slab and muller Into the paste form. But finally the superior economy, uniformity and wholesome uom of the machine ground lead and colors in oil prevailed over the preju dices ot the most conservative paint ers, and dry colors as a practical painter's material fell into desue tude. It wm a case of neceMlty tho demand for paint, in tho United States at least, had outgrown the ca pacity of the Blab and muller, as well as of their short lived successor, the hand mill. Painters continued, however, to mix tints and to reduce paste paints to consistency for application by man ual labor. About the time of the Civil War a certnln Yankee genius, struck with the growing demand for house paint, conceived the idea that there would be a good market for paints rendy for application He produced and pat ented an "emulsion" paint. Its suc cess was phenomenal despite Its de fects, and It was the forerunner of a host of Bo-cnlled "patented" paints, which froze in the can, peeled off the surface nnd did a multitude of things they should not have done, but nev ertheless blazed the way for one of the most rapid Industrial develop ments of modern times. The first ready mixed paint ap peared on the market some time In 1859 or I860; it has been calculated that the consumption of ready-for-use paints for nil purposes In 1906 ap proached 100,000.000 gallons, with a selling value of not much less than $150,000,000. Such a development indicates, first, the meeting of a well defined need, and second, a long step In advance of thp earlier products. For, though the prepared paint Industry still suffers from the effects of the moral law that visits the sins of the parents upon their children to the third and tho fourth generation, it Is still steadily growing. This must mean not only that it meets a need, but that It yields on the average satisfactory results. Tho rapid multiplication of beauti ful chemical colors during tho past forty years and the Improved taste ot tho "common people" han created a demand for n great variety of tints and shades which can be met only by the paint chemist who knows what pigments can and what, cannot be Bafely combined. As noted above, the colors which yield the tints of blue, green, lavender, pink, the delicate grays, etc., cannot be successfully made with a white lead base. Here chemical Invention has come forward with three or four other whites which are available for such tints. Again white lead Is apt to darken when used In tho Interior of buildings, where sulphiirretted hydrogen Is always present. Oxide of zinc or one of the other newer whiles form the base for Interior paints. Furthermore the content of sulphuretted hydrogen In the atmosphere of towns is annually Increasing with the growth of manu factories throwing out furnace gases. The sensibility of the white lend Is materially reduced by the addition of zinc oxide, sublimed white lead, and certain reinforcing Inert pigments to the paints lor outside use. The growth of the Industry nnd the Increased complications of the re quirements has within a quarter of n century transformed paint making from a hit or miss, haphazard, rule of thumb procedure to a systematized matter ot technical science, and in the modem paint factory the practical paint chemist rules supreme. lie knows the requirements, he under stands the limitations, and it Is "up to him" to produce practical results. There Is another phase of the prob lem not generally appreciated. The supply cf practical painters that la, of painters who understand the mix ing of tints, the adaptations ot paint to the requirements of tho jobiB limited, and there is no source from Which a tresh supply can be drawn when the present generation has passed away. At the present time those of them that remain are found principally in the large cities, where they cling pretty generally to tho old methods of baud mixing lead, oil and colors. But even they realize that their methods are behind the age and are drifting, one by one, to the use of the prepared paints which, iu their view, leuve something to be desired. But in the country and In the coun try town ready mixed paint has come to stay, and iu the majority of cases and In the hands of the average painter, will be found to give better service at less cost than the hund mixed product. Hardware dealers throughout the country, who handle both ready mlted paints and lead In oil, can eas ily Judge of the Justice of this asser tion by following up the history of any dozen Jobs of each class in thelt own vicinity. Paint is not yet per fect even the beBt of it. If It were, it would never be necessary to re paint, but when it Is remembered that the ordinary paint coating Is seldom more than one two-hundredth of au Inch In thickness, the marvel It how well and at what a small cost it serves Its purpose of preserving and beautifying wooden structures. Hardware. SOUTH AMERICA LAND OF SAINTS. Cruise of Our Fleet Tesehei This as a Geographical Lesson to Americans. South American Is a continent of Saints. Geography has been one of the les sons taught to us by the cruise ot great fleet from Hampton Roads to San Francisco, and Americans, In fol lowing the ships from day to day, In the news and tracing their course on maps, have learned more about South America than they ever knew before. Among the lessons taught have been the names of places, and a strong lmprpsslon has been made by the number of times that "San" is used as a prefix to places. Sometimes we see the prefix translated Into our "Saint," but in South America the Spanish form Is used. There are 517 places on that continent named after saints of the Catholic Church, and tho South Europe alendnr has been nearly exhausted. They appeared on the charts of the fleet at every principal point on the long Journey nround the continent. Where Brazil Juts Into the Atlantic the sixteen ships had to head east ward to safely round Cape St. Roque, and, as the charts were studied on the southward voyage there were al ways Saints In eight. Near Bahla is San Salvador and at the harbor Bahla de Todos os Santos, or All Saints' Bay. Below that, near Rio de Jan eiro. Is Cape San Thome, and below Montevideo Is Cape San Antonio, with the Gulf of San Matlas south of that. So it Is all the way until San Nich olas Bay is passed through In the Strait of Magellan. It Is the same way up the west coast. Saint after Saint, the principal ones being Cape San Antonio, on the coast of Chile; San Felipe, the capital of Aconcagua, and others not so familiar, until San tiago Bay, on the south side of the Isthmus of Panama, Is reached. Santiago, derived from San lago, or St. James, as we would call ft, who Is the patron saint of Spain. Is natu rally a favorite in Spanish countries, and the name appears twenty-seven times in the geography of South America. San Antonio la another favorite name, appearing in the entire length of the continent, applied to gulf, cape, mountain, port, province, town and every possible place, being repeated twenty-six times. San Joan Is met in every direction, appearing thirty-six times, with San Jose only a little behind, belug given to thirty-two places. San Pedro comes next, being affixed to thirty places, and San Miguel is used only one time less. San Francisco is used twenty-five times, and other saints, whoBe names are used half a dozen times or more are San Fernando, San Diego, San Christobal and San Augustine. She Could and Did. Sometimes there is a drop of regret In the cup of Joy served by fute to the husband of a brilliant talker. "I should think it would be a privilege to sit at the table with your wife three times a day," said one of Mrs. Gran don's ardent feminine admirers. "Only twice a day," said Mr. Gran don, with u bow. "I do not go home at noon." "Too bad! " said the admirer. "We could not get on without her at the club, I'm sure. Why, I believe she could talk Intelligently on a thousand topics!" "Bhe can and does," said Mr. Orandnu, and with another bow he slipped out Just as his wife appeared. Youth's Companion. A Chnnge of Work. Do not try to do so many things that It will tuke most of your time changing from one to anolher, but have enough of a variety so that you ran keep your Interest aud onthusl asm alive, a change of work is both rest and Inspiration. Relief For Ornery Gas Engine!,. Our gasolene engine started to get ornery one day last week, but we headed It off by a little sharp prac tice we JuBt sent for Herb Red mond. We have never studied the innermost recesses of the engine, yet for the reason that It has always be haved iu a becoming manner when we were around, so we determined to watch Herb and see what he did. He walkel right up to it manfully and took hold of the main condlvlas that fastens the poliwog to the ding bat and turned it gently to the left, at the same time turning his head to one Bide and listening Intently. Then he shut one eye and gave a low whistle. There was a low answering sigh from the bosom of the machine, whereupon he grabbed the socwal loper and gava it a violent blow with the shooting stick, and she responded with a low sibilant sound like a cat pulling its foot out of a pie. He then put the wrench on a couple of innocent looking little bulbs and jerked his hand back quick. Wo asked him what was the mutter and he sold, "a bug on his buck," aud told us to try it and see. We did. It was a bug, too, a lightning bug, wo take it, by the feeling. We could see Herb had struck a responsive chord by the way the thing began to breathe, and the look of confidence in Herb's eye was Indlcotlve of mo tion. Our prognosis was correct one more yank at the dingbat and she begun to kapeet like a thing ol life. Anyone can fit an engine by Just watching someone else fix one, or by carefully following the above instructions. Brltt (Iowa) Tribune Undeserved Honors. Two visitors at Nice, cutting short their tay by dying, wero committed to tho charge of the same under taker. One was u lady from London, the other a general high In command in the Russian army. The bodies, duly coffined, were despatched to their destinations, one to London, the other to St. Petersburg. On the arrival of the former the bereaved relatives, opening the coffin, in order to obtain a last view of the lamented aunt, were amazed at the discovery of a general in full uniform. They telegraphed to the undertaker at Nice, who, with many apologies for the mistake, sent them the name and address of the general's friends lu St. Petersburg. They communicated full particulars without loss of time, and received the following reply: "Your auut was burled to-day wltb full military honors. Dispose of ths general as you see fit." From Henry Lucy's Memories of Eight Parlia Letters to the Emigrants' Informs Hon Bureau of Canada need uoi be , stamped. A Cheerful Muid. Cheerful acceptation of ono's lot il capitally Illustrated by a story found in the National Review. Eliiabetb was the elder employe and Maud a little serving maid, both In the house hold of a bachelor clergyman. Tht absences of Elizabeth were frequent and prolonged. Maud was always on hand. Oue Sunday inornlug shs brought iu breakfast. "Von again to-day, Maud?" said the clergyman. "My Sunday out," explained Maud, with a smile. "Then why aren't you out?" "Please, sir," with another smihh "w'swu 'tis iny Sunduy ou, Elizabeth goes."
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers