tStttSitgfS9ffff : SUNDAY SERMON 5 m J JJ A Scholarly Dtsooursa By JJ J Rev. C L. Palmer. M fttCJUSaSAaSSXij;2 Kingslon, N. V. The following eru dite and eloquent sermon on "Ancient Worship" was preached Snndny In the Reformed Church of the Comforter by the paRtor, tho Ilev. C. L. Palmer. Dr. Palmer sulci: History discloses .lint the worship of the New Testament is nut tlio crea tion of the Inter dispensation, but Is the result of a long nml complex pro cess of evolution. All we know re specting the time of lis inception is that it Is ns old ns the human family, .which confirms the belief that religion and life are inseparable. Three principal elements constitute religion, worship, doctrine nnd life. .Worship is the attitude of the individ ual or nation toward its deity. Doc trine is the nbstrnct formation of truth Into definitions and conception. Life is the conduct thnt is presupposed to conform to one's belief. Which shall be more prominent is determined by the spirit of the age. , Since religion is both nniurnl and su pernatural we must look' beyond the former for the channels of revelntlon. 'All creation is one harmonious doxol- ogy to the Creator, but His works do not give us nil the Information re quired for the true worship of Hod. 'Accordingly Cod hns appointed certain ones to communlcnte His will. The prophet were a class chosen to in struct the people in the character and requirement of Cod. Their teachings ore called the "word" of Cod. Sages tittered proverbs, riddles and dialogues while priests gave instruction in the form of law, which recognized no dis tinction between civic nnd religious life. Notwithstanding forms and habits have undergone many radical changes, there are certain features of worship 1hnt remain essentially the same. There has always been a certain place dedicated to the service of God. With us it is the church, but in the early times it was the temple, synagogue, tabernacle, altar cr grove. A certain number of men are dedi cated to the work of the Christian min istry, but In the earlier days there were priests nnd prophets who labored for the elevation of mankind. At a Hill earlier time the father of a family or head one of a tribe or clan conduct ed the worship. Sacrificial offerings have been' dis continued among Christians, becnuse the Lord Jesus Christ has been sacri , rieed once for all. It was not so in the distant past. It was then be lieved that the fellowship between God nnd His people was fostered by sacrl- lice. The occasion was not unlike a social meal in which the god of the clau or family partook of the repast with its members. While the original idea of communion with the deity was paramount, sacrifice dUl not assume its full religious signlHcance until per fected iu the temple ritual. Other acts of worship, such ns prayer and Ihe vow, have over occupied an im portant place, ns well as music, and at limes dreams, sorcery and dancing. Ov"rshlp presupposes a time for the service of God. In the remote past when the people lived a wandering life, it was not possible to have a par ticular time nnd place, but when they settled down to agricultural life three feafts were instituted, one in the spring, another in the early summer and the third In the autumn, corre sponding to our modern Easter, pente cost and thanksgiving. Worship without hymns and songs Is inconceivable. If we were deprived of some of our favorite hymns it would destroy one of the most potent motives of worship. The psnlins were just ns precious to the nuclents ns the modern hyuii.s are to us, nnd exerted the same influence. Tho most reliable scholars nre of the conviction that the legal code of the Old Testament was not the result of a single authorship, but the work of a redactor who compiled oxistiug tradi tions and documents. This is more in harmony with the method God em ploys to accomplish His purpose, nnd is certainly explanatory of the wav that our Klble took form. It should be horuo in mind that It Is not my purpose to present the ideal .worship of the New Testament, but to study the course of religious develop mei;t that culminated in the service of the Christian church. In so doing we shall encounter many things that are very much below the Christian stand ard, but we may not on that account Ignore them, slnco they are necessary to illustrate the progress in which we have now occasion to rejoice. ' The evolution of worship is too vast a theme to cover in oue discourse, we shall therefore eon 11 no our atten tion to its er.rliest phases. 1. The ancient Semitic worship. Thi antedates the religion of Israel, and contains practices that would not be endured by the church of Christ, though, we must not forget that the now unchristian laud of Arabia was the mother of religion. The Semitic family has given the world the two earliest known forms of civilization Egyptian nnd Babylonian and the three highest faiths, .ludlasui, Chris tianity nnd Mohammedanism. In the earliest period belief and life const ituted a very insignificant part of worship. Then tile emphasis was upon the forms. The amount of one's reli gion was estimated by his devotion to ceremony. It was not until a very much later time that doctrine anil practice were given the attention they deserve. At this time there were no states or iwtions. The people were joined to gether in families, tribes or clans. They had no abiding place, but jour neyed from plucc to place to furnish their cattle with pasturage. The god of the trlbo was supposed to be an an cestor, who determined their prosper ity or adversity. Each trlbo hud its god. whs could 1)6 worshiped only by tho members of tho clan. If one untied with another tribe lie was obliged to do homage to the deity of It. Nor could the deity of one clan bless outside of its own territory. According to the most primitive con ception but little Importance was at tached to the doctrine of the Immortal Hy of the Soul. Future life has ever been a tenet of every religious system, tut it was emphasized leas than the present life, since it was held that no fervK'o could be rendered the deity beyond the grave. This explain the reason for embalming the (load. iSucrittee occupied a most Importnnt place nmong the Semites. And there are traces of human sacrifices which under the Christian dispensation have been offered only by heathen. The Semites living In tribes or clans had local deity to whom I hey ottered riicrl lice. He sat at the tabl and purtook of ih slain animal. II- The primitive Hebrew stage. This, period covers the patriarchal and m.mudli' epoch, while the peiple were Mi-'l vr. mitring about. It !s iu;t sur prising to discover tunny, points uf fi yiithhiiiee belvee;i this period r.ud the preceding. They were Just emerg ing from tho ancient darkness into the Inter day. God had assigned them lenders whoso work It was to lend them into the truth, lint, they were slow to follow. Pelng nomads Ihey appointed wor ship wherever they were. There was no temple, tnbernncle or nrk. A rndey nltnr erected out of the stones or tne ground was their temple. In Jacob's family were found tcraphlm or house hold gods. Sacrifice still retained the social as pect so thnt it meant little more thnn n family gathering at which the locnl deity was present. However, by this time Jehovah was recognized as the God of the Hebrews. Other nets of worship, such ns prayer, vows and dreams were observed. There were very few if nny hymns nt this time. The Inw hnd not been fully compiled, nnd n limited literature. IH. This division introduces us to the Cnnunultlsh stnte. Great chunges took place during his epoch, because the people ot Israel discontinued their nomadic life nnd settled down in the promised land among tribes of foreign rait li. We naturally llud that the cho sen people fluttered no little cont.nnin- ntlon. of which subsequent history is evidence. Sacred places Increased in numbers nnd the worship of Itnal nourished It seems to be n time of degeneration. for the worship of Jehovah was cor riipted. The nrk containing the two tables of stone win transiiorted from one place to another. Images were erected to represent the deity, nnd the Urlm nnd Thummini were employed to ascertain the will of (oil. Sncrlllce was regarded as communion with the deity. The burnt offering seems to havebeen used more than nny other. Prayer, vows, visions were still observed, while sorcery was los ing its hold. Having discontinued their wandering life they observed the Sabbath, the feasts of the moon nnd of harvest. It appears, however, that they were not free from corruption. Music and dancing had its place, nnd it is said of David ns a later time thnt he danced. There were hymns, such ns the exodus song, the song of De borah and the song of Hannah. Lnws were assuming form ns the outgrowth of custom. They were not written by Moses, but compiled or formulated by him. IV. The prophetic stuge. This pe riod Is so called because of the number of prophets who exercised n most wholesome influence on the life of the people. This was done by teaching a more enlightened conception of God. Samuel, David. Elijah, Klishn. Isaiah and Jonah were among those who raised the standard of living. Tho high places were still used for the worship of I?aal, and at one time the worship of Kaal nnd Jehovah were consolidated. At the timo of David the nrk of the covenant was taken to Je rusalem, nnd the temple was com pleted in the days of Solomon, which produced a more orderly system of worship. Idolatrous practices were not, however, entirely superseded, for we rend of golden calves nt Bethel and Gllgal. The completion of the temple made the most perfect organization and de velopment of tho priesthood impera tive. To this time no distinction was known between church and state, but the division of the monarchy iu !)7o produced a complete separation. The acts of worship continued about the snme ns In the preceding period, except that certain restrictions were imposed. Sacrifice was offered to es tablish communion with God. There was some human sacrifice. Praying to God was becoming a pleasure, and vows were made by Nazarltes. Ora iles and dreams were regarded as ehaii nels through which Jehovah commu nicated His revolutions. Sorcery was practiced against the protests of the prophets. A hymu booU wns In pro cess of compilation and the priests were compiling law. The attitude of the prophets toward existing conditions will help us to ap preciate our theme und make Its ap plication. The prophets considered the high places us detrimental to the religions life of the initio!). They maintained that the temple-was all they required for the worship of the true God. The prophets insisted upon purity of life among the people of God, espe cially the priests. It appears from the records that the sacred ofliee was not entirely free from corruption. They further insisted upon the true worship of the heart. While admit ting the place of forms, they contend ed that the forms must be spiritual ized. The Keward of Earneetnaat. Christ met multitudes of men in Jericho one day. But so far as we know He picked out only two for special blessing. The reason was that these two were the most in earnest. Bartlmeus would be heard, though oth ers tried to hush his voice; Zuechcu would see, though tho crowd over topped him. So these two won the re wards of earnestness. A vague de sire will never bring us close to Christ; we must be in earnest. Presbyteiiau. Hpw Clsorg-a Cox Learned Patience. I found something within me that would not be sweet nnd patient und kind. I did what I could to keep it down, but it was there. I besought Jesus to do something for me, and when I gave Uliu my will He came Into my heart, and took out all thnt would not be patient, and then He shut the door. George Fox. Path to Victory. God's trials, nobly borne. In obe dience to His righteous will, are th paths to victorious triumph. H. A. Brooke. Smuggled Goods in Cork Leg, Isaac Halten. ti rcKtaiiruiit keen -i of Breslau, has been arrested on the Russian frontier for HmitCLrlhiGr arms and tobacco. The customs oHicers wno B.usnected him of carrvlmr nn n systematic contraband trade, searched Herr Halten, even to uin brewing his cork leg. Inside the 1,1m b were found two new revolvers, together with boxes of cartrldnes. besides larsm nnnn. titles of cigars and cigarettes. The authorities immediately confiscated the limb, forgetting tho fact that mi ten could not walk without it. He had to be carried in the arms of two custom bouse officials to the guard house, Took Forbidden Vltwi of Citadei. While) on his vacation Robert G reave of Adams took two splendid views ot tht Interior of the citadel at t'je foit at Halifax, N. S. Although the attempt would have probably re sulted serlotiBly for Greaves had he been discovered, he says that he was Ignorant of the fact that his action was forbidden and that he acted en tirely without deceit wtyen he took tho pictures. War Chiefs In Peace HP, death of Itiiln-ln-the T.' .... t U , I. 11. ...I, f I O moved one of the few re I IS niniulng Sioux leaders who tT were nssoclated with Sit ting Bull in the historic cnmpnlgn that culminated In the massacre of tho Lit tie Big Horn in 187(1, nnd who helped to ninke Indian warfare terrible. When Geronlmo, the old Apache, who Is spending his last days ns a paroled prisoner in Oklahoma, is gone, it will bo possible to close up the account be tween the frontiersman and "untamed Indian. The chiefs who arc left have long ago "come in," nnd even the mem orles of Custer and Crook and Miles nre dim in their minds. (juaiiah Par kcr, the Coinanclie; lied Cloud, the Sioux; Poosh-c-to-nok, of the Sacs anil Foxes; Chief Godfrey, of the Mlamls and others great in their day as war riors, are feeble echoes merely of (heir old selves. Chief White Calf, of the Blackfeet. died early In and Chief Joseph, the great Ness 1'ercez leader died ou tho Washington reservation last year. Sitting Bull, who was killed iu 1800, is almost ns historic as Bed Jacket. The fact that Bain-in- the-Face in his later years wore the uniform of the Indian police, and that Geronlmo turned many nn honest pen ny last summer nt the St. Louis Fair selling beadwork and pictures of hiin self with his autograph, Illustrates the dramatic antl-climnxes that must be recorded in writing the history of the lust of the "war chiefs." The complaint thnt history Is too much taken up with wars nnd con quests is as valid concerning the Amer lean Indians ns It is of the Maccdo nlans or the Goths. Baln-in-the-Face will be longest remembered because of the unverified report that he person ally killed General Custer and cut his heart out. But he has lived quietly on tho Standing Itock reservation since he returned from Cuniida and surren dered to General Miles in 1881, and .these twenty-four years. of submission to agency rule, with his service in the Indian police, must bo considered In making up his record. In the same way, Comanche history will deal with the clashes between that tribe and the early settlers of Texas rather thnn .with the long rule of Qunnah Parker, who bus inspired among his people n zeal for education and Industry in the manner of tho lute Bishop Whipple. This old man, now past sixty, dis tinctly remembers tho time he first saw n wagon nnd picked up a limited knowledge of English from the pack- train men who drifted into the South' west when the Indians still held it se curely. In his lifetime ho hns devel oped from the typical plains leader de scribed by Catlln to the earnest advo cate of the white man's civilization. The Washington correspondent of the Evening Post, writing of Parker early in 1VHJ4, told of his popularity ut Fort Sill and with the cattlemen who leased the reservation pastures. As n mark of their esteem the cattlemen built a house for the chief. One of them, proposing to help furnish the house asked what special article the old man most wanted. Parker said that a big roll-top desk would please him, and explained: "You see, I open desk, an' I sit down iu my chair an' I put my feet up ou desk an' I light my segar, an' I hoi' my uewspaper up in front o' me like this. Then white man come In. an' he knock at door, an' he sny, 'Qunnuli, I wan' talk to you n minutes.' An' I turn roun' In my chair, an' I pun" a lot o smoke in his face, an' I say 'Go 'way! I busy today.'" Tectiniseh, with his line speeches and his dream of an all-powerful fed etatloti of Indians that should sweep the white Invaders into the sea, is sue eeeded by '". Gabriel Godfrey, betid of the remnant of the Mlamls left in the Wahush alley in Indiana. His fight has been to save the homes of his tribesmen from being sold to pay taxes. Early this year Godfrey, sev cnty-three yeurs old and broken in health, appeared before the Circuit Court of Miami Comity to urge the claim of his people to exemption from taxation. His plea was in striking contrast to tho speech preserved in the school readers and credited to his pre decessor. ''When this case was com menced years ago," he said. "I wns a rich man. I owned a tine farm and was worth $."0,000, Now I ''am so poor that my credit Is' not good for a dol lar. Politics ruined me. Because I voted, the Commissioner thought I should pay taxes. I never wanted to vote, because I thought I laid no right nt the polls. My people should hav remained away. Hut we were urged, first by oue party and then the other. My friends elected me road supervisor. I did not want the otllee, but I took It." The "piping times of peace" are all very well for the home builders ou tl border, and even the young Curllsle and Hampton uraduuies endure the Industrial struggle passably. Hut for the trained wnrrors to submit to the dull routine of reservation life without sinking Into hopeless degpneruev, Is an achievement more dillletilt than It seems to the man bred to civilization. A.-i l.Huinnli Parker represents the re formed "bla like! Indian," striving to pass from the prairie to the school room without friction. Piea.-unt Porter, chief of the Creek tribe, may stand for the political evolution ut' tin Indian leader. who has never been a warrior. With the others of the Five Tribes, the Creeks loll!; ugu "bulled the hatchet" and retired to live peacefully us u lit tle isolated nation in tile Indian Terri tory. Had that been possible, u chief's lot would have been in direct contrast to fiat of Glllierl'ts policeman. But. with the pressing In of the whites and the coming of the "Dawes Commis sion," Chief Porter bad new problems to solve. Questions of laud allot ments, town-site locations, the. pro vision for u school system, the leaslug and selling privileges to bo given white settlers nud merchants, und the tribe's attitude toward Statehood -these are some of the more serious matters that this Creek Indian, scarcely more than once removed from the leaders who fought General Jackson, , lias had to consider. It vim Porter who called the separate Statehood convention which met at Muskogee recently ami proposed to make a State ltiileH'iidenl of Oaluhumu and call it Senuonh, In honor of the "Cherokee Cadmus," an Indian who had perfected a syllable alphabet and taught his people to read before Mrs. Trollopo arrived In Cincin nati. The peace chief is less pictur esque than the war chief of the Bain-In-tho-Face type, but he has managed the business of adaptation surprising ly well, on the whole. New' York Tost THE ROAD OP BY AND BY 'I he Truth or Some OM Proverb Keiarri ln Procrastination. There's n Spanish proverb to this ef fect: "The road of by and by leads to the town of Never." Most proverbs are the concentrated statements of im portant truths, and this is not an ex ception. We tire alt familiar with th tneti who are going to do great things by and by. They are to be found In all ranks and all vocations. There was n scholar who talked for half a lifetime of the great book he was going to produce. He purchased nn ninple supply of stationery nnd In dulged in many sanguine dreams of the reputation his book would bring him, but when he died not a line had been written. lie was e. man of talent, and could have written a book that would have done him credit, but the fatal habit of procrastination made his life barren of results. The net! ve nnd successful workers of all-Ages have been quick to decide and prompt to act. They wasted no time In talking ot what they Intended to do, but set to work and did It. "Write me nn article on the financial question." said a busy city editor to a gentleman of elegant leisure. "I will some day," was the reply. The editor shrugged his shoulders, and wrote the article himself In time for the morrow's paper. It seems to be true that the busiest men undertake new tasks most readily. They are so trained and disciplined, mentally, that they are always In a condition to work. No one is likely to achieve large suc cess in any Held who consumes too much time In getting ready. Tho general must lie ready to march nt five minutes' notice. If he requires a week ot preparation the foe will bo out of hi& reach, or will have struck the first blow and gained the first ad vantage. Another proverb contains an equal amount of truth: "The man who hesi tates is lost." A friend of ours was of fered a real estate Investment nt n very favorable price. He knew it to be n decided bargain, but he was in tho habit of making up his mind at his leisure. At the end of a fortnight he concluded to make the purchase. Three days later he made nn effort nnd called upon the party with whom he meant to deal and signified his acceptance. "My dear sir," was the response, "I gave a deed of the place two days af ter I offered it to you to another party. If on wanted it why didn't you say so at the time';" Shakespeare says, "There Is a tide III the affairs of men, which, taken at the flood, leads ou to fortune." But if the tide is allowed to ebb the chance of fortune floats away. "The mill run never grind again With water that has passed." A Polita Clillil. A Boslyn mnn was praising Clar ence If. Mackay's little daughter Kath crine, who has been enrolled as a pu pil In the Uoslyn public school, of which Mrs. Muckay is a director. "I went to see Mrs. Mackay one day on school business," he said, "and as I was taking leave her little girl, who wns playing in the hall, rose politely, and opened the door for me. I was very much pleased wilh this atten tion. "'Thank you,' I said. 'I nm sorry to give you so much trouble.' "Oh,' she answered, 'I am only sor ry I am not letting yon In.' "New York Tribune. ' ' What Recouie of Halrpinl. The question. "What becomes of piuV" Is often asked, but it might as fittingly be asked of hairpins, and it Is one which no one is able to solve., Morn than five billions of hairpins are made and sold annually in the British Isles, and as they are not things that; wear out, where do they go? They have been scattered broadcast all over the world, and they leave no trace be hind, but as they are so cheap nobody; begrudges a fresh packet when the supply runs low. says Home Notes. A wealthy manufacturer once re marked: "It isn't the amount people use. but the amount they 'waste that turns the pennies into pounds." Beftiinil tn Treat Czarina. The court physicians in Kussla, says tiie London Lancet, have hitherto been inmost exclusively German. Some time ago, when the Czarina was suf fering from some affection of the throat, the Czar summoned a Russian physician named Botkine. When this doctor requested the Czar ina to remove the wraps from her tli tout in order that he might examine her larynx, she declined to do so, say ing no doctors hud evir made such a request. Dr. Botkine, who is an in dependent man, Immediately left her presence. The Czar, after hearing of tiie circumstances, appointed lr Bot kine court physician. In tha Vernarulnr. One Iloosier was loading a flntboat with hoop-poles. Another Hoosltr, on the river's Imnkt was supervising the loading. He houtcd down: 'How ninny's you fellers need ici'Vi! there V" "Oh-h! A good deal." "Wu-ul, but how nianyV" "Wa al, considerable." "Ya-uf, but I want to know Just how many." "Wu-ul, u right smart chance." Interlocutor (on the river bunk, Iu n relieved tone) "Then why didn't you tins say so boonerV" Harper's Week- Itavarelog Tulnga. They had Just tluslhed breakfast, and the womau of tho future was about td start downtown, when her husband arose from the table, placed his arms about her neck and kissed her. Dearest,'' he murmured softly, "I lovuyou more tbnu words can tell." "tjh, you do, eh';" she rejoined, sus piciously. "What is It now ii new silk ij.-.t or a pair of trousers?"--Chicago .Nfws. NOVEMBER NINETEENTH. Medical Missions (at Home and Abroad). Mark 1:29-34. First the synagogue (v.29), and then the healing. Evangelistic nnd medical missions niiist go hand In hand. Thot Is no need to tell cnrlsl of nny sit.'.: person In any part of the world: He is always the first by the sickbed (v. 3D). Christ's is no distant command, but Ho takes men and women "bv the band" (v. .111. O-ie cf His " out Blretehed hands is medical mis sionary. While the medical ml.xlonary Is healing thn body, he Is also driving the devils out of the soul (v. 32). Medical Missions. It was said of Dr. John O. Kerr of China that I wo of Ihe difficult opera tions he was constantly performing would, tf performed and paid for nt, home, have more than paid his year's salary as a mlsslomiry. Dr. Chamberlain of India, when two New York Physicians told him it was impossible that he could have had In his critical operations so largo a per centage of recovery, answered that on the mission field unbelief does not' hinder the workings of God's power as It does in the Fulled States. H Is said thnt. the great medical missionary Dr. Asahel Grant of Per sia, hod twenty times more Inter course .with the Mohammedans than the missionary who was sent, out ex pressly to labor among them but was not a physician. The medical mbslonary nuuit be far more skillful than the average phy slclan or surgeon at home, because, he has to work usually without com petent nurses or assistants, and per form all operations alone. In the Johns Hopkins Hospital the cost of each patient is $2.33 a day; In tho hospital of Frumiu, Persia, it is loss than sovtjn cents a day. There are more physicians and medical workers in Chicago than in all of India and China together. . In the United States we have one physician to every six or seven hun dred persons. We send out ono medical missionary to every two mil lion of the heathen. Christian woik cannot bo carried on in the best way without, some money, and though our society work need cost but little, nnd though En deavoreis everywhere give most of their money to the church, yet some money Is needed to pay for topic cards, hymn-books, a little social en tertuinment r.ow und then, and liter ature useful In carrying on the work. ' This money is best raised by the system of annual pledges, and a cer tain part of what Is pledged should be definitely set aside for the socle ty, the rest to he used for the church expenses and for missions. EPWOHTK LEAUUL LESSONS SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 19. My Covenant With the People of Go J. Psa. 51. 0; Mill. 2. 5, fi; 2 Cor. 8. 21. Our lesson has special reference to our covenant us a member of tho League to God anil to our follow mem bers. The vows of chinch member ship aro sacred. The pledge of the l.i.Mfrue does not add to th'se so much n.-i It defines and emphasizes certain features of that, covenant. The pledge Is easily and naturally divided Into three separate; general divisions. A Covenant of Personal Holiness. We Methodists believe In a very high standard of personal experle-ce. We hellevj the "highest standards of ex perience and life" to be nothing less then entire consecration and perfect love. This personal holiness we should r.eek "earnestly," und not only ho but help others to uttul.i to this experience. We are under special obligation Iu view of the pledge to do Ill's. A Cjivnunt of Personal Abdinence. There uro some prevalent Indulgences which we us members of the EpwortU Leuguo huve promised to ubstni.i from. Certain forms of . w u- .. umusoments the church lr put u...l?r ban as dangurous to the s. ritual lif . How can we be consistent member and Ignore this? In certain com luunltlcs this Is a hard purl of th i covenant, to keep. But how can we raise up a stalwart and spiritual r.ic; of Christians without the recognition that we nre to come out from tho world nnd bo clean in life and Influ ence? God has covenanted to do car tain things for us under certain con ditions. We have pledged him that we would not do certain questionable things. God will keep his pledge; will we keep ours? A Covenant of Per.-onal Co-opuru-tlon. The church needs our service. The Leiigue will fall unless we help We need universal participation. Wj ought to be ashamed of being a sponge, taking In all tho time and not giving out. We are to. he laborers together with God. We are to contribute to the Interest of both League und church services. Wi hnve made a solemn pledge of loyalty to God nnd his church. Let us recognize Its sacrcj- noss und keep il. First. Recognized Musical Notes. When Guldo of Arezzo in the elev enth century first employed the sylla bles' of the present solfeggio he tool; the initial svllubles of six linna or hymn to SI. John the Baptist, of which the music, ancient even in his time, had the peculiarity that the first syl lable of each line, except tho last, was sung one note higher than tho first syl lable of the Hue next preceding. So long us the hexachord remained In use the gamut was represented by tho syllables ut. re, ml, fa, sol, la. When the heptachord came Into use I.e Malre. in the seventeenth century, added si for the seventh note. The syllable te is found In tho musical system of GnlluParls-Cheve, repre senting do sharp. This system was the work of Pere Galln tn the early years ot the last century and seems to have been in some sort, a precursor ot the method known as the Tonic Bol-Fa. Immense Loaf of Bread. Probably thc largest loaf of bread ever baked .ha been on exhibition at the Mlnnesi ita slate fair. It was four- teen feet through, ong, two and n half feet id weighed SOO pounds. THE KEYSTONE STATE The Latest Pcontylvsaii Ncwi Told la Short Order. The Lehigh Valley Railroad lun com menced retrenchment on .lie Delaware, Susquehanna & Schuylkill Railroad. The ohVe of purchasing ageiir and the car account bureau, formerly located at Drif ton, ha been merited with the I.chigb Valley system iu the Uclhlchcm office. The charge of bribery against William Smith, for securing, it was alleged, for School Director Harry C'otmori of Han over Toe, n, hip, l.ucrne County, $45 from J Trcddrtinick to obtain for the latter (lie position of janitor, was propped. f The arrests of several election boards tof Lucerne County, charged with fraud, (js not improbable. Republicans are in vestigating the vote of several districts to ascertain if the returns were padded. Mrj. Eliza Coatcs, of Kastou, died from the effects of a fall. She was walking from a dour opening on the roof and Vcpping backward went through the skylight and fell into a store mom. Mrs. Coatcs was 6j years old, the widow of Thomas Coatcs. who was a famous band leader and composer of nui-ic twenty years and more ;ig". William Koepler, otic of five men burned by an explosion of coal dust at the Nazareth Cement Plant, Kaston, has since died at the Kaston Hospital, aged Jt years-. Dr. S. L. McCarthy, a member .of the School Board, earned a .sensation at the last meeting by declaring that lour of the members of the board ought to be surcharged with $.t.U..t,t for losing the district a month's interest on $100,000 because they had agreed to accept the latter sum, realized from the sale of bonds a month before it was due. lie made a motion that the directors be charged with the sum, but no one sec onded it. The Has: Stroud.-lmrg Council passed tile Stroud Township annexation ordi nance over Burgess Stemplc's veto. When he returned the ordinance the burgess said; "1 am informed there is a family living iu the district who have received help from a poor district from time to time for a period of 15 years. If the annexation is made the family would be chargeable to the borough if they had a legal re-idencc to said dis trict." Frank Zcrbc. aged 18 years, who re sides in Edenburg borough, was acci dentally shot while hunting, and died almost instantly. His companion says Zerbe was standing iu the woods with the gun stock on his toe and the end of the barrel leaning against his breast. The gun slipped off his foot, and was discharged. Seven persons were injured, three ser iously, when an electric car on the Sher idan branch of the Pittsburg Railways Company, jumped the track and ran over a twenty-foot embankment at Chanters Street, West End a suburb of Pittibui't;. James Patterson, deputy State factory inspector, of the Nineteenth District, en tered suit against Harry P. Slater, own er of the Family Theater Building, Pottsvillc, because he refused to place lire escapes. The State officer has threat ened to close the playhouse unless the law is promptly complied with, lie has a score of other suits to bring. In the Criminal Court, at Carlisle. Judge Sadler .sentenced Mary Davis to two years iu the Eastern Penitentiary and Edna llartz, to one year. The girls were convicted at the September term of court of highway robbery. Playing Halloween pranks cost twenty three young nun of Trexlertown and East Texas a tine of i.'J-j cents each. The charge before 'Squire Croll was that they entered the Agricultural Implement Work iu town and carried away castings which they distributed in front yards. Frank Coiiradic, a Pennsylvania Rail road brakcmaii, was crushed to death between the bumpers while uncoupling cars at Wiliianispor;. Turkeys are reported plentiful in northern Berks and lower Schuylkill Counties and prevailing high prices, it is expected, will not be maintained. Weath er this year has been ideal for raising fowl, the Spring being dry and warm. Dealers report the birds in line condition and large flocks of twenty to forty com mon. .Many owners are taking orders for delivery Thanksgiving Day at 16 to 18 cents per pound. The School Principals' Club of Ches ter County met in annual session at West Chester, and after transacting other bus iness, elected the following officers : President, Prof. J. Larauy, of Phoenix ville; vice-president, A. A. McCrone, West Grove; secretary. Miss Bertha Miller. West Chester; treasurer, George Hellver, Kennett Square. R. S. Simmers, Pure Food Commis sioner, brought suit at Pottsvillc against a half dozen local merchants for selling adulterated preserves, jellies and jams. Several weeks ago samples were bought and then analyzed by the State chemists, dross impurities were found, it is charg ed. The merchants referred to will have the opportunity of paying fines or going to trial. Rev. Martin Rutt, a bishop of the Menuonitc Church, Mt. Joy. fell dead while stepping into bis carriage at his home several miles west of Mt. Joj. He vwas going' to administer the rite n( baptism to Samuel Gingrich, a Florin baker, who is ill. Edward Frothiiighain, brother of Ar thur Frothingham, was killed on the Lau rel Line, third rail system. He stepped ou tin wrong track ill order to avifid a down train at Kocky (lien, a pleasure resort owned by the Frothinghains, ami was struck by -.111 up train. Death wa instantaneous, lie was a young man and unmarried. Mrs. Elvira Wright, lor many years a resident of Parkershurg, died Wednes day morning. She was the wife of J. Wilson Wright, formerly proprietor ol the Right House. She was ;o years of age, and is survived by her husband, one son and two daughters. The John .Mack Vitrified Brick plant ill Piuegrove shut down for an indefinite period. About thirty men ami boys are arfectee!. The following fourth-class postmaster. were appointed: Cove Forge, Isaac B Norris; Lance's Mills, Robert Mum, phrcy. The call for the big joint convention f'f the Mine Workers on December 14 iu Shamokiu, was issued from the head quarters of the the three district in Scranton. It is signed by District Presi depts Nicholls, Detirey and Fahy. It i explicitly stated in the call that the ob ject of the convention is to consider and lake action concerning conditions of em ployment to become effective March Jl 1006. John Mitchell will preside ovet the sessions, which will continue for sev eral days during which a list of demand will be prepared for .submission t-j tha operators. The occasion is regarded if most important and the gie'atest care i. lo be taken iu selecting deleg i'.cs. THE SUNDAY SCHOOL INTERNATIONAL LESSON COMMENTS FOR NOVEMBER 19. ahjenti NehemUh'a Fmrer.Xrh. I t-tl Colrien Ten. .lainen ., 10 Memory Vre, 8, 9 CoinineiilBrr on the) !' I.on. L NVhemluh hears of the distress In Jerusalem (vs. l .'ti. l. "The words of Nehemluh." Itaiher the narrative on record. ".Son of Hnelialiah." Proba bly the tribe of .ludiili and of the royal family of David. He was cupbearer to King Arlaxerxes nt Xhnshiiii. the capital. This title Implied that N'che miah wns a councilor, statesman cour tier and favorite. For twelve years he was Governor of Juiles. lending a great religious revival nud rebuilding the wnlls of Jerusalem. At the end of twelve years ie went back to Persia, but after nlitne lir; again returned to Jerusalem nnd effected some reforms there. ".Month Chlslen." Ninth month corresponding to Ihe end i.f November and the beKillllillg of December. The Hebrew months varied neiorilim: to the moon. "Twentieth year." or the reign of Arlaxerxes Loiigiiimtiu. who reigned from H. C. 4U5 to 12't. It was under this king that Lzrn was granted letters to jro to Jerusalem. 1' "Han anl." His own brother, to whom he af terward gave the charge of the jf.iten of Jerusalem lehapter 7: "Cutne." From Jerusalem to Slnishan "I asked them." Respecting Jerusalem and Its people. "That luvl escaped." Prom captivity. "Which were left." The word "left" points more sp"eitienliv to auch as survived the persecutions to which the community at Jerusalem bad been exposed. 8. "In the province." Of .ltntea, now a province of the Persian empir. "Great nfflietlon and reproach." Their subjection to Persin forced Itself on the Jews at every turn. The Irihute Imposed on them was n heavy burden to a poor people. Jewish recruits had doubtless been forced Into the Persian armies. The country was pillug.'d in open day, nnd many Jews were carried into slavery by nightly surprises, while the corpses of murdered men were of ten found on the road. "Willi down," The wall and houses had hceu de stroyed by Net)nelindnez7.nr more than HO years before (2 Kings J.VIO). and their rubbish still lay iu sight. They werepurtially rebuilt at one time (l.ra 4:12). The neighboring races, infur iated at the rejection of their friendly offers of assistance by Zerubbabel. years before, and still niore so by La ra's recent net In sending bad; to' I heir homes all the wives of non-.lewlsli races found In Jerusalem and .Iitdea. . had attacked Jerusalem, and niter fierce struggles hud broken down the newly built walls and burned the gates. II. Nehemluh prays for help (vs. 4 11. 4. "Wept." Perhaps now for the first time a deep, keen sense of his peo ple's woes eiime over his soul. "Mourned." Over the condition of his people, the desolation of the holy city, the reproach upon the name of God. and the sins which had brought them to this low estate, which had not yet been put away. "Certain days." From Chlsleu to Nisan. four months, until the king noticed his grief. "Fasted." A token of the genuineness of his sor row. "Prayed." Iu earnest, protract ed prayer that God would favor the purpose which he seems to have se cretly formed of asking the royal per mission to go to Jerusalem. 5. "Beseech Thee." The prayer of Neheiniali deserves critical study as a model of blended adoration, invocation, confession, supplication and confident appeal. "Co veunnt aud mercy." Cove nant refers to God's definite promises. Mercy refers to His loving character, which gives more than is pledged. . "Ear attentive ears open." Let Thim ear hear our confession and mercifully pardon. Let Thine eye behold our suf fering and send speedy succor. "Day nnd night." His grief was doubtless increased at the thought that all this evil existed in spite of Kzrn's work. He withdrew from his court duties anil spent a time lu retirement iu most sin cere sorrow. "I nnd my father's house." Neheiniali hud a clear sense of his Identification with his people in in as In misery. 7. "Deult very cor ruptly." Pome of these sins are men tioned In Neh. 5:1-7, 10, 11; i;t:1."; F.zrn 9:1: 2 Chron. 30:14-17. "Command ments." The moral precepts by which out lives should be regulated. "Stat utes." What refers to the rites and ceremonies of thy religion. "Judg ments." The precepts of justice rela tive to our conduct to each other. 8. "If ye transgress." This is not a quotation, but a reference to the gen eral sense of various passages, such as Lev. 26:27-30; Deut. 28:43-52. etc. The fact that God had fulfilled His word of threatening was a proof that He would fulfill His word of promise. 1). "Turn unto Me." When we turn to sin God turns to discipline; when we turn to righteousness. He turns to mercy. "Gather them." God had n place de voted to His people; this promise had already been purtially fulfilled. 10. "Thy servants." Who will de vote themselves to do Thy will. "And Thy people." With whom Thou hast made covenant. They nre the descend ants of those whom Thou hast deliv ered from Egypt. 11. "Who desire." True desires are: 1. Constnnt. not flashes. 2. Hearty, strong aud grow ing. 3. Include the favor of God and spiritual grace. 4. Regard the means of salvation. "Prosper Thy servant." He bad in mind to ask of King Arlax erxes that he might go to Jerusalem and help his people. Ho asked defi nitely for exactly what he' wanted. "Grant him mercy." Neheiniali prayed -(hat he might have favor In the sight of the king. "King's cupbearer." An Important officer, having charge of the) wines of the rcyal household, standing by the king's side at meals, and sip ping from the cup to provt that It wua not, poisoned. Measuring Eye Jumps. ; We know that an eye, at ordinary reading distance, takes iu about one inch at line at a time, aud that In reading a line of an ordinary book tire eyes make five or six dlstluct Jumps But as the movements are so very mi nute and rapid how have they been studied? A beam of light is thrown upon tho corner ot the eye, and this beam Is re flected by the cornea ou a photogra pu le plate, saya the Jeweler's Weekly. Aa the eye moves In reading, the re flected beam also moves, and upon developing the plate, which is also kept moving, a zigzag line Is fouud. A study ot such photographic tracing shows that the eyes la tumicg back to pick up the next line have some difficulty In so doing. Tbe longer the line of print the greater the effort, a ad for this reason we may corr'ui;e th;' a ntirrow line is better for aa j tban a long one, and if the line l" much wider than th ordinary novs paper column there Is greater c." ' involved. I
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers