mm THE BATTLE OF Dy H. E. Smith, Master-at-Arrns of the Momet During; tht Spanish-American War. 1 Tbe fact that perhaps tlie fiercest of what would be called Rinall engage ments, which took pince during the late war with Spain, anil was fought the 30th day of .Time, 18!), Id the har bor of Mnnzanillo on the southern coast of Cuba, wm but slightly brought before the public notice on ac count of Its being so shortly followed ou July 3d by the decisive naval en gagement In front of Santiago do Cuba, which resulted In the complete destruction of - Cevera'i formidable doer, has led the writer to give to the public a description of the memorable battle of Manzanlllo. I say memora ble, because I am confident It will ever be remembered by many and especial ly by the crew of the "Little Hornet," of wlileh by chance It was my fortune to be one. As a volunteer In the navy, I was serving on board the U. 8. S. Hornet (formerly Mr. Flagler's yacht Alecln, under command of u brave nnd able man In the person of Lieutenant J. M. Helm, U. 8. Nuvy. During the latter part of June, Admir al Sampson learned through Mr. Dent, the U. S. Consul at Jamaica, that many vessels were sailing from that port to Miinzimlllo, Cuba, carrying provi sions probably Intended to reach the Spanish forces at Santiago by an over land route from the former place; In order to put a stop to this traffic, the Admiral Immediately ordered a block ade established west of Cape Cruz, and despatched several of the lighter vessels of his command to this duty; much to the displeasure of all on board the "Little Hornet" she was ordered "to proceed to nnd take up station on blockade off Cape Cruz" this point being about 100 miles to the westward of Santiago. This was In deed much to the displeasure of the crew of the Hornet, for they all longed to remain In front of Santiago In hopes of being able to have a hand In the great conflict which took place there later on, but our likes and dis likes were not to be taken Into consid eration, and the order must be obeyed; so there was nothing left for the Lit tle Hornet to do but to steam off to the westward, and, If ray memory serves me correctly, and I think it does. It was on Knturdny evening, June 25, that we reached our station off Cape Cruz. Early the next morn ing, ns day dawned, we discovered a two-masted schooner had succeeded In passing us under the cover of dark ness, nnd was boldly sailing on to wards Manzanlllo; she was beyond the reach of our guns, and pnld no atten tion to one or two shots which we fired in her direction Owing to the peculiar location of reefs and shoals In this vicinity, it was unsafe for us to attempt to steam after her, and was about to abandon the idea of her capture, when the writer of this nar rative vehemently appealed to the cap toln to nllow him with a volunteer boat's crew undertake -the tnsk with a ten-oared cutter. The captain, realiz ing the danger of being fired on by Spanish soldiers from the beach, which the schooner was hugging closely, did not nt first approve of the Idea, and only with reluctance gave Ills consent to the attempt being made. The cut ter was soon lowered, nnd the volun teer crew, armed wllh rifles, stnrted In pursuit of their prize, and, after a hard and tedious pull of five hours against wind and tide, they succeeded in overhaulim- the schooner, but not, however, until they had sent whizzing through her rlgslng several rifle balls, the rauslc of which was'not congenial to the ears of the crew of the schoon er. She proved to be the "Emanuel Roaul," loaded with provisions from Jamaica for Manzanlllo, being one of the vessels referred to by Mr. Dent. She was held ns n prize, and with n prize crew on board was sent two days later to Key West in company with the steamer "Benito Kstenger," which we captured on the following day. Early in the morulug of the 30th day of June, while we lny alongside of the two masted schooner "E. It. Nlekerson," which we hud held up, and one of our officers was overhauling her papers, we discovered Binoke on the horizon to the southeast. Without waiting to take on board our officer and bout's crew, which were alongside the schooner, we steamed with all speed In the direction of this smoke, thinking it, of course, another prize, and all Jubilant over the fact that hey were coming "thick and fust," nnd, no doubt, we would all have a fortune in prize money before the wur was over. This smoke, how ever, proved to be from the U. S. S. Hist (a converted yacht), under com mand of Lieutenant Lucian Young, U. S. N., accompanied by the U. S. S. .Wampatuck, commnuded by Lieuten ant Juugen. U. S. N. Lieutenant Young was bearing a sealed dispatch addressed to the "Senior officer present on blockade off Cape Cruz," and ex pected to tlud the U. S. S. Dixie, but ou learning that the Dixie was cruis ing oft Clenfuegos, some distance to the westward, and finding himself to lie the senior officer present, ho decid ed to open tho Admiral's communica tion and called Captulus Helm and Jungen, of the Hornet and Wampa tuck, on board tho Hist for consulta tion. The Admiral urged upon the of ficers the necessity of leaving nothing undone in order to put a Btop to this traffic In Manzaulllo; also ordering that a reconnnlfcgajwo ho made In the vi cinity of Manzanlllo as early as prac tlcablo, suiting that he had informa tion that there were three or four smoil Spanish gunboats In the harbor. Lieutenant Young having on board tho II Ut au excellent Cuban pilot, It ,wus decided to make the suggested jeconnulssonce at once, and by 8 a. m. (the three small members of Uncle Sum's Mosquito Fleet were In column jrorroallon, with -the Hist la the lead kud the Hornet la the rear, heading or Muiuunlllo. After steaming about twenty Ave miles and ou approaching ptecnero Bay, which lay on our right m discovered a Spanish gunboat lay ng at anchor behind a small island; .(the Wampatuck, drawing too much Water to enter the bay, remaluod In She channel to prevent nn escapo; the ttllst and Hornet beaded into the buy fcud uncovered the Npanlurd, who see MAIIZANILLD. ing that escape was Impossible, boldly steamed out and gave us a running fight; but fortunately for us her shells all passed over us. The Hist ground ed and thus Interfered with the range of the Hornet. We succeeded, how ever, In striking the plucky little Span lard several times, nnd In a crippled condition she sought shelter behind a small Island on the opposite side of the bay, which, however, did not con ceal her. and the Hist hnvlng floated by this time, nnd clearing the range of the Hornet, the latter vewel soon landed a six pound shell fairly amid ships, and tbe little Spaniard blew up. The water being so shallow. It was Impossible for us to mancuvre with ease, nnd no more of the enemy at this time being In sight, our vessels renew Ing their former position In col umn, moved ou towards Manzaulllo, everyone In our little fleet joyous that In less time than it takes to tell It, we had succeeded in destroying one of tho three or four gunbonts which we had expected to encounter Inter, This unexpected resistance proved to he hut the "cnrtnln raiser;" the bat tle wos yet to come. Perhaps during the Interval here, and before our little fleet reaches the Harbor of Manzan lilo. It might be well for me to give my renderg nn Idea o the armament of the three members of the Mosquito Fleet, the actions of which I am about to relate. The Hist mounted one three pound rapid flre and four automatic one-pound guns. The Wampatuck, an armed tug, mounted one six-pound rapid flre, and two thres-poiind rapid tiro guns. The Hornet (a well named ship) mounted four rapid lire six pound, two rapid flre one pound, two automatic 0 mm machine guns, nnd one 47 mm revolving cannon; thus It will be easily seen our armament was light, and, had we any idea of the surprise that awaited us, no doubt there would have been no battle of Manzanlllo to go down In. history as fought on that day. Our approach had evidently been wired or otherwise signalled from Negueron, and on our opening Manzanlllo Harbor, which lay on our right, Instead of the three small gunboats we had been looking for much to our surprise we found a crescent formation of nine ves sels stretched across the harbor close in shore; a large torpedo boat on the right in entering, nnd a large gunboat (the gunrdshlp-of the harbor) on the left, with three smaller guuboats be tween them, armed with four and six Inch and three and six pound rapid flre and machine guns; on the right of tbe line wns flanked by a big smooth bore gun on Cnimanero Point 'and on the left by four large pontoons armed with six Inch smooth bore guns. To tbe rear the line was supported by a mortar battery of six pieces, and a heavy battery of three pound field ar tillery pieces on the water front and two forts on the hills, on to the right nnd one to the left of the town, and the shore for nearly two miles In lcnglh was lined with soldiers who kept up a fusillade of small arms dur ing the entire engagement. When within 1000 yards of the large torpedo boat the Spanish gunboats opened flre, followed closely by the shore batteries. Instantly we renlized the overwhelm ing odds we had to tight, but with the courage and determination of the true American, the flre wns immediately returned with every gun that could be brought to bear. The channel being narrow, it wns not safe to turn around for fear of grounding, thus we were obliged to fight our way directly across In front of the enemies' entire line, and as they were firing twenty shots to our one, It seemed ns If our chances were slim of over escaping; but if fate was to doom us, we were determined to do some damage before we went, and, with careful and delib erate aim, we kept up a hot lire, while the air shrieked overhead, and the water around us boiled with tbe shells of the enemy. Our.shelbi were begin ning to take effect and they bad dis covered the fact that tho Hornet was doing the work, whereupon their en tire flre was concentrated upon the little craft to destroy her, and soon succeeded in landing a shell which severed the main steainptpo and thus rendered her unable for further move ments. She was crippled and lying nt their mercy, the target of over 100 guns, nnd enough shells were lired at her alone In the space of a few min utes to sink a hundred such craft; many on board thought the ship In a sinking couditlon, but not a gun ceased tiring, the men remaining at their sta tions like men of iron, some suffering from the escaping steam, yet determ ined not to miss a chance to flre a shot so long ns their gun remained above water and a Spanish flag In sight. On the opposite side of the vessel, aud dis tant some ten or twelve hundred yards wos an island on which were stationed Spanish soldiers, who, having noticed the crippled condition of the Hornet, nnd believing her thus to be easily captured, had set out, some thirty or forty of them. In a small sloop and were fast approaching, firing upon us with small arms. A few men returned the flro with small arms from the Hor net, but with apparently no effect, and when they were within 500 yards of the Hornet, one ruun throwing down a rifle ou the deck, crawled on hands aud knees across the deck In the midst of escaping steam, and returned with two six-pound shells (the sloop In the meantime getting nearer, few on board the Hornet noticing her, nearly nil hands being busily engaged hand ling the Hues of the Wampatuck, which had been signalled for assist ance, and was at this time making fast on tbe opposite side of the ship), single-handed and alone he cast adrift and loaded the six-pound gun In tbe gangway, aud, with cool and dellborate aim, landed a shell fairly amidships of tho sloop, which exploded, making a perfect hush of bout, sails, masts and ftpaulsh soldiers; those who escaped with tbelr lives could be seen swim ming back to the island, Modesty pre vents the writer from mentioning tbe name of the man, but he might statu that tbe cudo of the elx-pound shell which hashed the sloop of Spaulurds Is In bis possession, held as a sou venir of the war. After lying helpless for fully half aa hour, within 800 yards of the ene mies' guns, completely at their mercy, but fighting ns gallantly as ever a ves sel fought, the Wnmpntuck succeeded In towing the little Hornet out of the enemies' range of flre. Mu'-h has been said throughout the length nnd breadth of the land, and many glowing tributes have been laid nt the feet of "Lieuten ant Hobson, the hero of the Merrl mnc." but had not the battle In front of Santiago happened so soon after the battle of Manzanlllo, the names of Lieutenants Helm nnd Juugen, of the Hornet nnd Wampatuck. would have been heralded broadcast throughout the United States as the heroes of Manzanlllo, I wns never In my life more Im pressed than In the bravery displayed by Captain Helm, as he stood upon the open bridge of the little Flornet whllo shells were flying thick all about him, as calmly directing the firing of the guns as though engaged In target practice, and the sinking of tho Merrl mno by Lieutenant Hobson was no more heroic than the act of rescuing the Hornet that day, under the most gulling fire Imaginable, by Lieutenant Jungen, of the Wampatuck. Although an hour and fifteen minutes elapsed from the time tbe first shot was fired until wo were out of the enemies' range, during which time It seemed ns though their sole ambition was to see how many shots they could fire during n plven time, tegardless of where their shells lauded they succeeded In doing little damage. The Hist was struck a few times, nnd the Wump.'ituels once, wlih no more damage than a lit tle shattered woodwork. The Hornet was struck four times, and had the shot which severed our stcnmplpe been four or five inches higher or low er, it would have passed through, and we would never have known It until the fight was over. Tho casualties wore but three men scolded by the es caping steam In tho flre room of the Hornet. The superior markmanshlp of Uncle Sam's gunners will be seen from the fact that the little Hornet, though crippled as she was, succeeded In sinking two gunboats and a sloop loaded with soldiers, while two other gunbonts were so badly injured they were obliged to run on the bench to keep from going down. Even the Spanish press, notwithstanding their tendency to make light of, and poke fun at the damage done by Uncle Sam's guns, admitted In their Havana pnpers the following dny that "All of the Spanish warships were more or less Injured." About twenty miles dis tant we anchored for the night, and then, realizing far more the danger we had been through, than we did when shells were shrieking all around us and the roar of our own guns near ly deafening, the crew of the Hornet talked over the events of the day, all agreeing to one thing, that the 30th dny of June would live forever in their memories and be celebrated by them as "Jungen Day," for had It not been for the heroism of Lieutenant Jungen, of the Wampatuck, they would have all been nt the bottom of Manzanlllo Harbor, or fighting yet. Richmond Hill Record. . . Sacoesa of German Steamers. As for the serious loss of the Atlan tic express travel, a few words will explain why this was Inevitable, keep ing In view British environment. The British steamship lines sailing be tween Liverpool and New York con vey passengers to and from Britain only, with her 41,000,000 of people. The German lines sailing from Bre men nnd Hamburg to. New York draw 11 I'M t from tbe whole of Northern Eu rope, then touch at Southampton and draw part of the British travel, aud, not content with this augmentation, 'crosalug to Cherbourg, they draw draw from Paris and all Southern Eu rope. Thus three flue streams of travel feed their enormous fust ships; the 300,000,000 of Europe are tributary to them; and homeward from America to Uermuuy they draw all who wish to visit or have business with uny of these millions, for the homeward ships touch also at Cherbourg, Southumptou or Plymouth, uufl lund pusaeugers. Against this the British Hues have only tributary to them 41,500,000 of people who desire passage to New York, and, returning from America to Britain, only those Americans who de sire to visit the 41,500.000 for pleasure or business. It goes without saying that the German lines must Inevitably lead in large, fast steamers. But no cause for pessimism here, because British sbopowners are neither unen terprislng nor Inefficient; they only show their good sense by recognizing the situation, and will hold more of the profit of Atlantic travel for Brit aln thun If they attempted tho impos sible. Andrew Carnegie, In the Nine teenth Century. A Joke the Doctor. Colng Into the free dispensary of the New York Medical College and Hospital for Women one afternoon a physician found three or four little girls who, while awaiting treatment, hud evidently made friends, and wero Uuddled together oni one bench, eager ly discussing something of great inter est, which, ou investigation, proved to be a much-handled "chunk" of candy. . In astonishment bo inquired what they were doing. Some ques tioning finally elicited an explanation from the tlggest girl, who shame facedly explalued that "de one what tells de biggest lie wins It." "Ob," said the doctor, "I am ashamed of you. When I was little like you I never told lies." A slight pause, then from the smullest girl, "Give him do candy!;' New York Trlbuue. A Uainara for aBultea. What ta perhaps the most costly camera in the world for Its size has just been made for tbe Sultan of Mo rocco. According to a correspondent of tbe Westmluster Gazette It la mere ly of the quarter plate dimension, but all the metal work of the camera la of olid elghteen-karat gold, each particu lar screw being of that precious metal aud stamped with tho official hall mark. This Is the first time screws have bad that honor conferred Upon them. The case for the camera is of pure white morocco leather, lined with plush, and finished off with mas sive gold mountings and lock. Wbeu the camera is finished, a few days heuce, it will represent tt little bill of ! souio ,11000, - a.aAOkak AGRICDLTURAL Scour In Yonng Plm. When young pigs have scours It Is nn Indication that they are being al lowed some kind of food that Is lulu- rlous. The remedy Is to change the rood, allowing only warm milk thick ened with equal parts of bran and corn meal. Influencing the Color of Untter. , The color of butter Is largely Influ enced by the food. Butter Is some time white nnd at certain seasons It may be a golden yellow. The coloring of butter by artificial means, such as the use of annatto, will never be neces sary where carrots are grown and fed regularly. Cows that receive a variety of food at all seasons of the year will usually produce yellow butter. A Feeding Pen Gate. '' When there are any great number of pigs fed in the same pen it is invaria bly the rule that the larger pigs get the greater Bhare of the feed, and In A OATB FOR FEEDING FEN, ronsequence they grow better and the smaller, less active pigs get less feed and are jostled about and fall farther tnd farther behind. By using a gate, made as portrayed, In the feeding pen, the large, strong pigs will be hln lered In no way from getting their share, nnd the smaller ones will be jlven an equal chant, or better. The ate (e) is fastened to the lifting lever p), which is held at the desired height, idmlttlng the desired sized pig by a pin (a), through the posts and through the lever. The lower hole admits the smaller pigs, but the larger sized can not squeeze under. When the little pigs have satisfied themselves, lift the )nte another bole and admit the next grade, and so on. In this way the Smaller plga will not become stunted Ay being crowded away from the feed ing trough or floor. J. L. Irwin, in Farm and Home. Getting Fruit neatly For Market. Whether It Is profitable to annually thin peaches irnd plums depends some what on the man and his market for fruit. Frost; drouth, fungous dis eases or insect pests may, uninvited, do the work of thinning. However, of late years these fruits may be called fairly sure crops. To produce annual crops the wise grower will study to get the best returns possible in fruit and price. Fruit of this kind must have moisture, sunshine and room. Nature, If left to herself, has a way o: setting more fruit than the tree, under usual conditions, can best grow and ripen, thus not giving a product of high merit. By removing a portion of the promised crop. If too thick, the orchardist secures for the remainder a chance to attain a better quality that educated consumers will want and expect to pay for. It costs, of course, to thin fruit, but if wisely done It will pay, and our city friends will make good customers when brought to know tlrst-class fruit. Prime fruit easily sells, while the poorer sorts give pleasure to no one. Supposing the fruit has set too close; this means nearer than four to six Inches, depending upon varieties, the larger the fruit the more room. As these fruits while young nnd growing are subject to mishaps it Is better to thin wbeu past tho infant state, cay, The Art of Flowing. Owing to creeks nnd other causes there are many irregular shaped fields which are oftentimes plowed by going around until finished In the centre. This centro Is often a triangle. I never saw a plowman but whnt went around this triangle until It was at last plowed out. To finish this way leaves a large, open furrow, and neces sitates turning square around at tho point. Often the horses get their feet out of the furrow and mako trouble. j m re PLOWING TBIANQDLAB FIELDS. But the worst feature of it Is the tramping given the plowed ground, es pecially If In tbe spring. Few, unless they have tried It, real ize the Injury done by trunplug plowed ground that Is - a littli) wet, Which it often is la spring. Tbe hketcb shows how to plow out the land with but little tramping, and by mak ing half turns instead of whole ones at what would be tho poiut if plowed out until done. By plowing as per ahapQ of diagram, five extra rounds will bring sides to a point. It Is ten Teet or tea furrows wider at one end than at t be other. You are, say, at tbo north with a left hand plow. Drive south to dotted line. Throw out, turn gee and follow the dotted line. Then tarn gee and plow back, then east, then south, and on. By throwing out and turning and driving across on dotted lines you are turning on the unplowed ground. When you have jrtowod off the five furrows on each aiue, your ianu is me same wmia uc each end and In good shape to finish. Luclous BtockwelL In Farm aud H-2-me' VW Cbeeee Making oa the Farm. The articles needed for making Qalry cheese are from six to twelve cows end tub or vat tnat will hold !twa mllalQ8. It ot wood the night's P i St' HI : If Am t fTH milk would be warmed In the morning to the proper temperature of eight four degrees. Or one may have a' Jacketed or double tin tab. Then all the milk can be warmed by pouring hot water In the jacket and drawing It off, when the milk Is sufficiently warm. A whey tub nnd a pair of cheese tongs to lay across the tub are also needed. Next comes the cheese knife (which may be a wooden one) to cut the curd nt the proper time so as to start the whey, then the cheese bas ket, which any tinman can make and cut Inch holes all over the bottom and sides of the basket. A thin strainer cloth must be placed Inside the basket to Tecclve the curd, which Is carefully dipped Into It at Intervals after stand ing a proper time for the whey to be giu to separate from the curd. For a dipper a piece tin like a milk skimmer is used. It must be there so as not to break the curd. A cheese hoop, some cheese boards and a cheese press complete this primitive equip ment The sizes of dairy cheese that sell best are those that weigh from fifteen to twenty-flve pounds each. If there aro no hoops or press at hand doubtless any dairy supply bouse could furnish them. Only half the battle Is won when the cheese is made and out of the press. The curing is a most impor tant matter, and but few farmhouses have suitable rooms for this purpose where a low, dry temperature can be kept In hot weather. If any one In tends to make a business of making dairy cbceBe a small room should be fitted up with an Ice rack In the centre and water drainage from the same. In making dairy cheese from a hirge number of cows a cheese room or cheese house would be fitted up with factory apparatus and run as a fac tory, only on a smaller scale. And tho cheese made by any factory pro cess would be much like the factory make, but with the advantage of only one herd of cows furnishing the milk nnd that of uniform quality. Alpha Messer, in Orange Judd Farmer. , six or eight weeks after blossoming. Many other fruits are better for thin ning; this is particularly true of apri cots. The average grower of apples may keep the bearing surface withla proper limits by judicious pruning. Thinning apples by hand 1s not a pay ing business with present market con ditions. The time Is coming when fruit growers will better understand their work, a more uniform grade, bet ter in quality, grown nnd marketed by b islness methods. This 1s what our horticultural societies are working for, to place a better product upon tho market, and It Is reasonable to sup pose that higher prices will follow. V. L. Reeves, In American Agricultur ist. ' ' " " ' " - - TIUl Culture of Strawberries Many years ogo I owned a small fruit farm near the city of Cleveland, Onio, In the midst of an extensive fruit-growing district, and had re markable success one year with hill culture of strawberries. After enrich ing the land with a coat of stable manure drawn from tbe city, I plant ed a small plot, little more than one eighth of an acre, with Jucundas, which were then famous because of the unique success of James Knox In raising them on the hill-tops above Birmingham at Pittsburg. I Jiad vis ited his extensive plantation, and pur chased at a high price this famous variety from one of my neighbors, be lieving from Mr. Knox's success that they would be profitable. The soil was a dark, gravelly loam In an old orchard. The planting was In the sprang. All ruuners were cut off during the summer, and the plat was well cultivated with the hoe, the plants being eighteen Inches apart each way. The growth wus very strong. During the following winter they were protected by a light cov ering of straw. The next summer I had them care fully gathered by pickers from the city, in baskets holding four quarts with handles. These baskets were rounded up, and all the stems were turned down on the top of the basket, so that no green leaf or stem was visi ble. I bad the first picking taken to a fruit dealer on the "Square," near the wealthy residence portion of the city, whose first offer was $1 a basket When the second picking was taken the dealer said they were all sold In advance at $1.25 a basket, nnd If I could have had three or four times as many, the firm would have been glad .o obtain thorn at $1 a basket. They ; were declared to be the finest lot ot t strawberries ever seen in Cleveland : market I sold from that small plot ! S:JL'5 worth of strawberries during ! that first year's marketing. T Tbe second year they produced well, but not as fine berries as I might have raised from Wilson plants, cared for as my Jucundas were the preceding year. The person from whom I pur chased the plants bad a large pint of Jucundas probably two or more acres planted on clay soil, well un derdrained; but they were very unsat isfactory, as the berries did not ripen, but matured in size while green In color, and they were usually wedge shaped. My berries were finely formed, the color dark, rlcu and uni form, and as glossy as though they had been varnished. Tho flavor was remarkably rich, almost spicy and vin ous, while those raised on clay sol,1 were comparatively tasteless. I be lieve that any one having a gravelly or sandy loam might have equally as fine success as myself If they would plant Jucundas on very rich soil, eigh teen Inches apart each way, and keep all rnnaers cut off. This variety has proved so uncertain that I rarely see it advertised, but In appeurance and hi quality I believe they are cot equalled by any other" variety when they are produced in their best form. My crop would aver age one and a quarter Inches In cir cumference. Parties who purchased them sent tbem to friends In Boston, Washington and New York City. I sold the fruit farm before I bad an opportunity to toy another experi ment with them. It I shall again have a chanoe with a comparatively loose soil I intend to repeat the experiment, but I have not hud that opportunity. After one year's heavy crop I should plow the plants under, as they are exhausted In ripening au .enormous crop. Donald I'ei'uk'y, In r,ue Couutry Uentleoiuu. , JKconomjr of Good Roadi. How shall we secure good roads? Sow shall we save the Immense sum low being worse than wasted? Man festly It will require a great outlay, ut the outlay will not be greater than s-e are now paying without receiving my benefits whatever. Take the i moii at we now pay by reason of bad road and apply It to the building of rood ones, and we wjl have an Invest ment that will yield greater returns :o the many than any other that can be made. This Improvement of our roads ought to be done by the States, 3y the counties, by the districts, by Individuals, by the General Govern ment or by the united action of sev eral or all of these agencies. If this work Is to be done by appropriations f the Legislature, these appropria tions must be made on a liberal icalc. Mississippi appropriates nothing lirectly for this purpose, because pro- a.bltcd by the Constitution, but au thorizes the counties to do so. Some ountles levy a few cents on the $100, about enough to pay the salaries of !he officers Intrusted with the man agement of the fund. A certain num. brr of days' work is also levied, run ning from five to eight, and those upon whom this tax of labor Is levied usually have tho least Interest In the betterment of the roads, and work In a perfunctory manner so as to dis charge as easily as possible tbe obli gation. Districts may not levy a tax under the Constitution of the State of Tennessee, however much they may desire to do so. Under the operation of our road laws there Is enough waste of time and money to build a section of good roads every year, if it was all levied in money and its ex penditure properly directed by compe tent road builders. But It may be set down as certain that we will never get good roads under Mississippi's laws unless these laws provide for a tax by the State, by tho counties, by dis tricts and one the Individuals mostly benefited by the construction of ihe roads. Where Wo Are Lacking. In almost every material thing the United States takes first rank except In the matter of roads. In this respect It is far behind the most enlightened nations. In all the States some good roads have been built, but would It not add immensely to the growth and prosperity of this country to have Us highways Improved so as to be In har mony with all Its other great Improve ments? It Is the one thing in which we are still lingering in the unrelieved darkness of the Middle Ages; tt Is the one blot upon our escutcheon of mate rial progress; It Is tbe one thing that would benefit every man, woman and child In the United States, and yet we hesitate to do it. Objections are made by many that it is not the duty of the General Gov ernment to aid In building roads; that if It did It would place upon the Gen eral Government tbe responsibility for the welfare of the people. But is not the General Government responsible for the welfare of the people? The Constitution gives authority to build roads for postal service. Way not, then, build them? The Improvement of our rivers is done for the welfare of the people. Why should not roads be built for their greater welfare? Both are highways, one by water, the other by land. How New Jersey Does It. The New Jersey law Is well worth a trial in the Southern States. It pro vides that the roads of a township be placed under the management of the township committee, nnd money be raised by township bonds for grading, macadamizing and linprovlug the same; bonds to be authorized by vote of tbe annual town meeting. Tbe Board of Chosen Freeholders of any county may designate certain roads as county roads, and Improve tbe same by the issue of county bonds. The State shall pay one-third of all cost of road Improvement so authorized by the Chosen Freeholders, within certain limitations. Whenever the owners of two-thirds of the lands fronting on any public road will undertake to pay one-tentb of tbe cost of Improving such road, II Is the duty ot the Board ot Chosen Freeholders to cause such improve ments to be made. All road taxes are paid In money. Under the operations ot this law New Jersey has built more good roadi in proportion to population than any other State in the Union. Conrlct Labor UUliied. D. P. Hutchinson, President of th Board of Trustees ot Charlotte, N. C, testified before the Industrial Com mission in Washington concerning thf successful effort made by Charlotte to establish good roads In the stir rounding country. He said that ninety miles of macadam roadbed had beei; established at a probable cost of $250, 000. Convict labor, he said, is used U constructing the roadbed, as free la bor would" cost from thirty to slxtj per cent more. Tbe saving In cost tc rolling stock was more than equal tt the cost of the roads,' and tbe value oi farming and other lands lying upoc the Improved highways has beeu en hanced fifty per cent, by the new roads. ' Tha Advantage of Uooit Roads. Lovers of the horse, the automobili and tbe bicycle will .all draw one mor al from a delightful automobile toui of more than 750 miles that Mr. A. R flhattuck has been taking In Europe, The whole secret of tho cnjoyineui of such a tour is the fact that Eurupt has long stretches of good roads U which we are all but strangers. Uert we have au abundance of fine torsos up-to-date automobiles, wheels tha' are unsurpassed; yet where can we g to enjoy them once we leave tbe greal Cities behind T Much has boen done in tho intercs' of good road'J in America, but tn work Is only commenced. Every drl ver, chauffeur and wheelman ouvlei Mr. Suattm-k his T.'jO miles of Ubi ?0tt.dii.N;w York Uciald, -- COMMERCIAL REVIEW, flcsfral Tratf Coadltloss. New York (Special). R. G. Dun At Cb.'s "Weekly Review of Trsds" says: Anxiety regarding unfavorable possi bilities in the future rather than any actual present misfortune depressed se curities and caused cancellation of some orders for merchandise by Western deal ers. Retail distribution of goods will not be curtailed by the labor controver sy unless it is of long duration, as tha men have saved money during the re cent period of full employment at high wages. Beyond advancing prices of steel sheets and depressing the market for tin, quotations have not been affected by the strike of the Amalgamated Associa tion. Woolen mills are more generally act ive than at any time this year, order for heavy-weight goods arriving in large numbers. The light-weight season will soon open, and although it is expecte4 that concessions of from 5 to io per cent, from last yeac,' "prices will bo made there is prospect of profitable op eration unless the raw material should advance. Stability of prices seems assured iit the footwear industry. The firm tone is sustained by the steadiness of leather and buyers are not seeking concessions. Bradstreet'a says: Wheat, including our, shipments for the week aggregate 5,221,800 bushel's, against 5,016,149 bushels last week, 3, 020,381 in the corresponding week of 1900, 3.408,073 in 1899 and 2,303,469 in 1898. From July 1 to date shipments aggregate 12,762,455, as against 7.87. 849 last season and 9,177,866 in 1899 1000. Corn exports for the week aggre gate 1,714,081 bushels, against 2,800,733 last week, 4,182,159 in this week a year ago, 3,666,294 in 1899 and 2,8227128 in Kq8. From July 1 to date exports ag gregate 6,008,768 bushels, against 10, 013.755 in the season of 1900-1901 ami 10.951,433 in 1899-1900. Business failures in the United States for the week were 208, as against 199 last week, 202 this week a year ago, 174 in 1899, 188 in 1898 and 220 in 1897. LATEST QUOTATIONS. Fiour. Best Patent, $4.453490; Higli Grade Extra, $3.9524.40; Minnesota bakers, $2.8oa3.oo. Wheat. New York, No. 2 red, 74a 74c: Philadelphia, No. 3 red, 7lJ4a 72c; Baltimore, 660670. Corn. New York, No. 2, 54$c; Philadelphia, No. 2, 54550; Balti more, No. 2, 5ia52c. Oats. New York, No. 2, 36a36Vc Philadelphia, No. 2 white, 393390; Bal timore, No. 2 white, 37a37j4c Rye. New York, No. 2, 57c; Phila delphia, No. 2, 56c; Baltimore, No. a, 51c. Green Fruits and Vegetables. On ions, new, per half-bbl basket, 7oa75c. Cabbage, native, per 100, Wakefield,. $l.ooa$i.50. Corn, per dozen, 5a8c; do, Eastern Shore, per doz, 6a8c. Cucum bers, Norfolk, per bushel, 8oca$t.ooJ String beans, per bus, green. 35140c; wax' 35a40c. Squash, per basket, 35a 40c Tomatoes, Florida, per 6-basiet carrier, fancy, $t.5oai.75; Norfolk per 2-basket carrier, $1.2531.75; Anne Arun del, per basket, 8sca$i.oo. Apples.i Eastern Shore, Md. and Va., per bbl, choice, $i.5oa2.oo. Peaches, Md. and Va., per box, ordinary, 5oa75c; Florida, per 6-basket carrier, $i.25ai.so. Pears, Southern, per half-bbl basket, 40375c.' Blackberries, per qt, 3a4C Raspberries,, re'd, per pint, 3H3liC. Huckleberries,' 6a7c. Cantaloupes. North Carolina, per: crate, $i.ooai.5o. Watermelons, Florida and Georgia, per too, $i5.ooaso.oo. Potatoes. White, new, Nofolk, per' bbl, No. 1, $2.6oa2.8o; York river, per bbl. No. 1, $2.4oa2.6o; Eastern Shore, Md., per bbl, $2.2532.50; Eastern Shore Va., per Hbl, $2.4oa2.6o. Provisions. Bulk shoulders. 8c; do short ribs, gVic; do clear sides, 9ic; bacon rib sides, ioc; do clear sides, iolic; bacon shoulders, gc; fat backs,1 8jc; sugar cured breasts, ijc; sugar cured shoulders, Qlic. Hams Small, 13V1C; large, 13c; smoked skinned hams, I35-2C; picnic hams. 9Kc Lard Best refined, pure, in tierces, 9V2C; in tubs, 9J4c per lb. Mess pork, per bbl, $16.00. Live Poultry. Hens, nanvic; old roosters, each, 25330c; spring chickens, I4ai5c Ducks, 7a8JjC. Spring ducks, 9a 13c. Hides. Heavy steers, association and salters, late kill, 60 lbs and up, close se lection, loaiic; cowt and light steers, gapc. Eggs. Western Md. and Pa., per doz, 1354c; Eastern Shore Md. and Va., per doz, l3ic; Virginia, per doz, I3ai3;4c; Western and West Virginia, per doz, Ijai3!c; Southern, per doz, I2.'4ai3c; guinea, per doz, 7c. Dairy Products. Butter Elgin, 21c; separator extras, 2oa2ic; do, firsts, 19a 20c; do, gathered cream, 1 8a 20c; do, imitation, I7ai8c; ladle, extra, I5at7c; la dles, first, I4ai5c; choice Western rolls, I4ai5c; fair to good, 13314c; half-pound creamery, Md., Va, and Pa, 2ia22c; do, rolls, 2-lb, do, 20c. Cheese. Large, 60 lbs, 9aioc; do, flats, 37 lbs, 9JiaioJic; picnics, 23 lbs, ioJ4aio-j. Live Stock. Chicago. Cattle Good to prime steers, $5.4036.20; poor to medium, $3.80 S5.20; cows, $37034.75; heifers, $x35a. 4.90. Hogs Mixed and butchers, $5.70 a6.oo; good to choice heavy, $5.9036.10; rough heavy, $s6oa$85; light, $5.6sa 5.90. Sheep steady to strong; lambs steady; good to choice wethers, $3.90 4.50; fair to choice mixed, $3 5033.90; Western sheep, 53.50a4.00; native lambs, $3.2534.90; Western lambs, $3.7535. oa East Liberty, Pa. Cattle steady; ex tra, $5.8516.00; prime, $5-5oa57o; good, $5.2035.40. Hogs dull ami lower; 'prime mediums and heavies, $6. 07146. 10; best Yorkers and pigs, $6.056.07; com mon to fair Yorkers, $6.0036.05; skips, $475a57S; roughs, $4.0035.60. Sheep steady; best wethers, $4.2034.30; cull and common, $1.5082.50; yearlings, $3.00 S4 75; veal calves, $7.0037.50. LABOR AND INDUSTRY Parasols do not pass through several different "hands," as do dresses, but often are made from first to last by one worker. The making of one parasol provides a woman with work lor the best p3rt of a week, if it be a very spe cial and beautiful one. Two years ago there wasn't sliver of fence on what is now Mr. Wation't 7000-acre farm. He bought seven quar ter sections for $35 apiece and accrued taxes. He had nine head of cattle then. He. has 500 head now. It is quin I'kely that before long we may be producinn sil our own sugar, and that alone v i!l kno!t off an eighth of alt our imports f foreign goods. There is really nothing, av the New York Journal, tl.at we"ny abroad thhl we could not prodaie Just as well at home, it we set our mini's to it, except possiby diamonds nnd dukes. Probably no place on eanh will aver age, acre for acre, the timber that th Pngrt Sound region cn furnish. It is fir, cedar, spruce, hemlock and alder, as well as rnapie and other woods. Itfi l)t?las fir the most common variirty has been found superior to yellow pine and other wools heretofore usei Ijt tar butldiut;.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers