are unseen, anil the fist duty of an enlightened commonwealth is to pro ffer Its people against them. Other Plate? are gradually rising to tliis new conception, but Pennsylvania no clearly heads them all, for in no oifcei state is the battle against the common enemy being waged on so large a scale as here. ■ The experl nunt, therefore, is not only i>f ex treme importance to Pennsylvanians. but as an example to the nation and the world. Does It Pay. Naturally the people are lnterertol to learn precisely how the large suma the state Is Investing annually in good health is being spent; what are its dividends, as measured in the actual saving of human lives? Is Pennsyl vania a richer, a more healthy com monwealth now than it was four years ago'.' Is the average citizen less like ly to acquire a mortal disease —less likely to die if he does acquire one? In exchange for its generous appro priations Pennsylvania has received, first of all, a considerable reduction in its death rate. Not .so many people die here now as died in 1906, the yew when the new department began iU organized work. The citizens of Pennsylvania, especially its little chil dren. stand a better chance than they formerly did of reaching mature life and a green old age. Mortality sta tistics do not commonly furnish ex citing reading, but, when considered from this point of view, they make an emphatic personal appeal. Thus, in 1006 and 1907, the death rate in Pennsylvania per thousand of popula tion was 11.5; in 190S, it had dropped to 1b.7. and in 1909 to 15.3. At fir ' glance l this may not seem a remark able diminution, but in a state with a population of more than 7,000,000 even a fractional decrease is a substantial gain. This appears when one figure precisely what this slight numerical drop means in the actual saving of human lives. Had the death rate of 19i>6 and 1907 prevailed in 1908, pre cisely 5519 more people would have died than actually succumbed. Had this same rate applied in 1909, Instead of the decreasod percentage recorded by the Bureau of Health, just 83SS men, women and children now living and presumably in good health anl spirits, would have rendered their final tribute to nature. In other words these matter of fact statistics when interpreted in their real rt la Hon to the welfare and happiness of the state, mean the saving to the state of 13,907 lives. Human Lives as State Assets. This fact has an immense personal meaning for all people of the state — among these rescued lives might have been your own, your wife's, your child's; but they also have a value which is measurable in dollars and cents. The political economists now recognize that the most valuable kind of wealth is the human life —that hu man labor is worth at least five times thac of all other forms of capital. Even the newly landed immigrant, ac cording to these investigators, has a per capita value of 5873; that is, he adds just that much to the nation's capital. Professor Irving Fisher, of Yale, one of the foremost American economists, lias painstakingly figured the financial value to the state of every citizen at particular ages. A new-born Infant, says Professor Fish er. is actually worth S9O, while a five year-old child is worth $950. From this point on his value rapidly in creases; at ten. could he be sold at auction, his market value would be at least $2000; at twenty it would be S4OOO, and at thirty, S4IOO. From this point the average human being begins to lose value, in proportion to his de creasing productivity, until at fifty Professor Fisher gives him a value of only S7OO. This same authority places the worth of the average life lost by preventable diseases at SI7OO. Taking this as a basis the decreased death rate in Pennsylvania for the last two years represents a money saving of $23,641,9f>0. The state, in other words, is jiist that much richer —has just that much more available capital. For its actual expenditure to date of $3,000,- 000. including a large portion for per manent improvements, it has taken in more than $23,000,000. The earnings of the new Department of Health, cor sidered purely from the commercial standpoint, thus represent dividends of mere than 766 per cent in four years. What is the value placed by the av erage citizen upon his children's livc> —not the financial value estimated by the unemotional economist, but the worth in affection, good citizenship and in all that holds the social organi zation together? Is it good business policy to save the lives of children a* $7 apiece? Is it paternalistic and so cial:stlc to protect them against dan gerous infections at the rate of $2 per head? That is what the state of Penn sylvania is doing now. This conserva tive old commonwealth has reached that stage of paternalism where the government will not sit quietly by and watch a little child choke to death with diphtheria when the expenditure of a few dollars from the public treas ury will relieve its sufferings and save its life. Saviny the Little Ones. For the last ten years the practical remedy for diphtheria has been avail able for the children of prosperous households, but it has not been aval l able for the poor. Since Von Behrings immortal discovery that the blood serum of a horse which has recovered from diphtheria possessed wonderful curative properties, and when intro duced into the human organism, would usually destroy the disease, this for mer scourge of childhood has lost nearly all its terrors. In the old days diphtheria destroyed nearly one-half of all th« children It assailed. It would i do the same today among the poor in Pennsylvania were it not for the antl • toxin which the state provides free. That large numbers of unprotected children hav-e died most shocking deaths in the past for the sole reason that their parents were too poor to ' afford them anti toxin, is a melancholy reflection, but these things will not happen in the future. In every corner of Pennsylvania, usually at well known drug stores, there are now stations for the free distribution of anti-toxin, numbering 650. Whenever any poor man's child falls ill with diphtheria, his physician, by making out a proper application, can secure free all the anti-toxin he needs to effect a cure. Since October, 1905, the Health De partment has in tills way distributed 49,448 packages of anti-toxin. It has treated 19,929 sick people, mostly chil dren, who. but for the state's inter vention, would have been neglected. In the old days about 10,000 of these chil dren would have died; as a matter of fact, only 1725 died. Nearly all those who died were children who did not receive the anti-toxin until the late stages of the disease. The detailed statistics of the department show that the earlier the sick child receives tho anti-toxin, the greater his chances of recovery. These facts should empha size the pressing need, in all cases, not only ol' anti-toxin treatment, bui of this treatment at the earliest pos sible time. The department has also thoroughly tested the powers of anti toxin as an immunizing agent. Diph theria as every one knows, is one of the most virulently contagious dis eases. It travels like lightning from the sick to the well. In the crowded homes of the poor, many of them ideal culture tubes for the growth of the microbes, its virulence is especially marked. The department in three years has immunized with anti-toxin 14,537 persons, nearly all children who had been exposed to the disease. Of these only 251 acquired it —a J'ttlo more than one per cent. The Stat" Department of Health's free distribv tlon of antitoxin to the poor, there fore, has saved over 8000 lives at nn average cost of seven dollars each and prevented contagion in several thou sands of cases at on average cost of two dollars. Battle Against Tuberculosis. In its attitude towards the great problem of tuberculosis, the state gov ernment also shows this keen sense of responsibility for the safety of the people. The department of health re gards all the tuberculosis poor as in a large sense the wards of the state. Its efforts, in the first place, ape to jut vent them from falling victims to this insidious disease, and in the second, to assist materially in curing those who have become infected. The death rate from tuberculosis in this state has fallen from 134 to 120 per one thousand of population in four years. This means a saving of 1000 lives annually. In the matter of tuberculosis, how ever. the death rate tells only a small part of the story. Any work in im proving conditions must be funda mental, and it will necessarily take many years before extensive results ire obtained. What the department has clone has been to lay the founda tlon of comprehensive attack. From its laboratory investigations of the tubercle bacillus to its especially equipped sanatoria, there is no as poet of the disease that it does net study and combat. It aims to enter at every stage into the life of the tu berculous poor. To many citizens the sratf government is more or less of an Indefinite idea; they seldom come into contact with it as a living, acting entity; if you are once stricken with tuberculosis, however, especially if you are poor, the commonwealth of Penn sylvania becomes physically manifest in your daily lives. In the medical in spection, in the physician and in the nurses the state ceases to be an eco nomic abstraction and becomes a kind, helping, fostering personality. Tiie Dispensaries. If you are stricken down and cannot afford proper medical attendance, there is always near at hand a tree tu berculosis dispensary, established for precisely cases of this kind. There are many thousands of patients in the state who are still able to be about and to follow the daily routine, per haps even to support their families. The 114 tuberculosis dispensaries are of e&pecial assistance to this class. The dispensary physicians have treat ed 21.227 patients and actually cured 712. while the condition of 2649 has so greatly improved that the arrest of the disease is almost assured. Here the sick man or woman is received by a professional nurse, who makes a complete first-hand investigation of the case. By questioning the patient she learns all the details of his family history, his occupation, his financial resources, his surroundings, at home or at work —the latter particularly for the purpose of protecting his intimates a'id associates from infection. This in formation she records for the use of the physician, and the department. She follows up this preliminary talk , by an inspection at the patient's home. Here her administrations amount to a liberal education in the treatment of tuberculosis. She instructs the patient as to the proper handling of himself— how he must dress, how he must eat i and sleep, and tells him of the well known ways of building up the nat ural resistance of his body. She also advises all the other members of the household how to escape infection— frequently discovers some members in the early stages of the disease and is thus able to ward It off. The nti'-se de votes particular attention to diet— nil j trliion being generally recognized as! I one of the predominating factors in strengthening the body's defenses. She tells the housewife what {o cook and how to cook it. She Inquires par ticularly whether there is a sufficient supply of fresh eggs and milk. I'cr haps the fareily is too poor to supply the sick man with these necessities. In that event the state itself provides them. The dispensary nurses have n ade 133,444 visits of the kind de scribed above. Life at Mont Alto. This, however, is only one depart ment of this life-saving work. Any one who wishes a graphic idea of the state's sanatorium work should visit the tuberculosis colony at Mont Alto. ; Here, at an elevation of IGOO feet j above the sea, amid the breeze swept mountain pines, he will find nearly SOO men, women and children, under the care of physicians and nurses, bravely seeking to combat the disease in the fresh air and sunshine. Labor atory investigations have many times proved that the tubercle bacillus, once exposed to the light and air, shrivels up like a guilty thing and perishes; and the state, in this unique sanator ium, is giving its tuberculous poor their one great chance of overcoming the disease. This Mont Alto site is sit uated in the midst of a state forest reservation of 5500 acres. It is high, cool, dry, with an abundance of fres?i Epring water, tillable soil upon which many of the household supplies can be raised, and all the attractions of nature to make pleasant and peaceful the lives of the patients. There, is a village of specially constructed cot tages in which the incipient cases live, and a large, well equipped hospital building for the advanced cases. At this sanatorium Pennsylvania has treated up to Dee. 31, 1909, 2305 pa tients. a large number of whom have been permanently cured and a still larger number so effectually strength ened that they are in far better con dition than formerly to fight the dls ease. Ground is now being cleared for a second state sanatorium on the beau tif til site at Cresson. which Mr Car negie has so generously given to th commonwealth, and a third site h->: been selected In the foot hills of th niue mountains, near Hamburg, in the eastern end of the state. For Pure Water. In fighting sucl: a widely prevalent disease as typhoid fever, the useful ness of a central state health organ! zation is especially demonstrated. Against typhoid a local board is prac tically helpless. This is because the chief sources of infection are the wa ter courses Our rivers unfortunately do not recognize state or county lines. A municipality may prevent water pol lution from the banks within its own Jurisdiction, but cannot prevent it in other sections. Pittsburg may stop its own citizens from sewering into the streams, but she cannot stop other communities from polluting the wa ters from v-hlch she draws her own supply. And (he- discouraging fact is that, while one town may refrain from polluting the stream so that another further down may not have to drink its filth, its own water supply may be polluted by less conscientious neigh bors living up-stream. Up to the year 1905 man in Pennsylvania appeared to have lost the natural instincts of the lower animals and seemed indif ferent to the danger of loading his system with that which nature has once thrown off as poison. Man.tin like the beasts of the field, had take' - on the habit of discharging his offal into the streams from which he took his drinking water. Only some central body, which has absolute control over all water courses, can accomplish a general purification of the streams. The legislature recognized this ne cessity for central control when, in 1905. it placed all water courses, so far as public sanitation was concerned, under the jurisdiction of the governor, attorney general and commissioner of health. But there are also other pri vate sources of pollution especially the old-fashioned privies and wells which still are found, in large ntim hers, overflowing into streams. These the department of health has now the power to abolish. The department has in file complete and detailed map'; showing all the state's water courses large and small. Whenever a case of typhoid fever is reported it can im mediately put its finger on the water shed where the disease originated and investigate accordingly. No municipal ity can now construct water works without first obtaining the state's ap proval of its plans. It cannot build sewerage plants without similar con sent. Acting through these broad pow ers, the health department, through its army of inspectors, has penetrated the remotest recesses of the state, In specting premises, noting palpable nuisances, investigating water and sewerage systems. A wholesome clean-up has ensued. In most cases the individuals and municipalities affected have realized the necessity of reme dial measures and have accepted the work in a proper spirit. Up to date i has inspected 25(1,028 premises in rural districts and caused the abatement of 18,945 pollutions. It has issue! 204 de crees requiring changes in public wr ter works. Under its advice and sug gestion, all over the state, cities ami municipal bodies have awak; nod an ; l voluntarily begun to improve their water supplies. Under the supnrvis ion of the department sixty-seven s w age disposal plants and thirty five w<v ter filter plants have been built or are now under construction. Typhoid Cut Down. The purification of the state's drink- ' ! lng water is a large task and will take j many years, but already the improve : aients have rut the typhoid death rate j In half. In 190G, ofi.s out of every 100,- j 000 people died from this disease; in ( 1907, 50.3; in 1908, 34.4, and in 1909, 1 23.9. That Is there are now living I S!iti3 people who, had the death rate of 1906 prevailed in 1909, would liar? died. I believe enough has been said to convince you that Pennsylvania's citi zens have been made richer in health, happiness and industrial vigor and the state rendered more attractive, both for residential and manufacturing pur poses ar.d for the mere Joy of life, by the application of the grand health laws of 1905. You cannot capitalize human tears and mental anguish. You cannot estimate in dollars th 6 world's loss through the pessimism en- I gendered by premature death, dis ease or the despair of poverty, which may follow both. You cannot compute even the prin cipal of the debt laid upon individuals, communities or Gtates by the moral delinquencies that result absolutely from physical suffering alone. Put we can rejoice when we know beyond all doubt that in every year untimely death has been shut out of more than of our homes and that at least 50,000 of our people are an nually spared the ravages of acute dis eases. And with a pride blended with thankfulness we can rejoice in the spirit of Pennsylvania's fostering care for her people which made these re sults possible. NEW YORK MARKETS. Wholesale Prices of Farm Products Quoted for the Week. MILK—Per quart, 3%c. BUTTER Western extra, 32 33>£c.; State dairy, 24@27c. CHEESE State. Full cream, special, 17% @lßc. EGGS State. Fair to choico, 22%® 23c.; do, western firsts, 24@25c. APPLES-Baldwin, per bbl., $2.25131 4.00. DRESSED POULTRY—Chickens, per lb., 16@24c.; Cocks, per lb., 14c.; Squabs, per dozen. $2.00@4.25. HAY—Prime, per 100 lbs., $1.20. STRAW- Long Rye, per 100 lbs., 70 @77 MiC. POTATOES-State, per bbl., $1.25® 1.50. ONIONS —White, per crate, 50c.® ?1.00. FLOUR—Winter patents, SS.GO@G. 10; Spring patents, $5.G0@6.85. WHEAT—No. 2. red, $1.23; No 1, Northern Duluth, $1.2G%. CORN—No. 2, 65 \\ c. OATS Natural white, 4S @SO c.; Clipped white. 50@52%c. BEEVES City Dressed, 10 M> @ 12c. SHEEP—Per 100 lbs., SG.OO@B.OO. CALVES—City Dressed, 10@lG%c. LAMBS—Per 100 lbs., $9.50@11.00. j HOGS-Live, per 100 lbs., sll.lo®' 11.35; Country Dressed, per lb., 13@ j 15c. TWO WOMEN DROWN. Motor Boat Swept Over Dam—Owner Escapes. Hillsboro, N. H„ Mar. 29. —A motor boat, rendered unmanageable by the Budden stopping of the engine, was dragged into a swift current and swept over the dam of the Upper Mill Pond j here, taking two young women, Mrs. i Nellie Dares and Miss Mildred Craige, | to their death. The boat overturned as it struck the dashboards of the dam and tumbled its occupants fifteen feet Into the waters below. William H. Parker, local agent for the Standard Oil, who was in charge of the boat, escaped by being thrown Into shallow water, from which he was able to crawl ashore. The bodies of the two women were carried far down the stream and over a second dam. BOUGHT POISON, SISTER DEAD. But Catherine Manz, 16, Denies She Administered It. Massillon, Ohio, Mar. 28. —Catherine Manz, the 16-year-old girl who is ac cused of poisoning her sister Eliza beth, three years her senior, with strychnine because she was jealous over her sister's wardrobe, more bril liant than her own, was arrested at Akron and brought back here. The body of the elder sister was found in the kitchen of the Manz home Friday night, and simultaneous ly it was discovered that Catherine had fled, taking with her the best of her aiovC-'e- clothes. She denies u;e charge. FRISCO GETS CANAL FAIR. Congress Asked for $5,000,000 to Help Celebrate Panama Opening. Santa Barbara, Cal., Mar. 28.—The convention of the chambers of com merce of California cities which was called to consider the rival claims of San Diego and San Francisco as a site for the world's fair to celebrate the opening of the Panama canal, by an overwhelming vote endorsed San Francisco. Resolutions also request Congress to appropriate $5,000,000 for the ex position and ask the state to provide a similar sum. San Francisco will raise an addi tional $5,000,000. NO NEW JERSEY LOCAL OPTION. | Senate Kills the Bill and the Law Re | mains the Same. I Trenton, N. J., Mar. 28. —Local op- ; tion In New Jersey met its fate for j ! the present session of the Legislature j ' when the Senate to-day defeated Sen ator Gebhardt's bill by a vote of 14 to , 6. Senator Gebhardt was the only j one to advocate the bill, which j j was opposed on the floor by Senator | John D. Prince of Passaic and Sena tor Edward A. Wilson of Atlantic. I I jjpl OJM !•! MIL SHOWN IN I OF NEW j j 1 t 111 ill SP " ING S | KIWJILL GARMENTS, | K'SirM * i MRI i! I iililMlt *«*»•«« ! ! I/; jfetel l . tree upon Is 11$ r ' I <A\ N% l MM i I request, j '^I29 WJiHYEP™**!! HIPP* Pi ft fI^HT V n simple Latest Model krvrSi> fi.:i:.-hr.> !iv in'. < >.tr :•** irl |V$ niak.ns: mo eyfa t. U rite j • fart 31 ON KV RKO! until ym nroiv. 't<fnt»i»i - ov» of your r icy]-. >Vov,*f MW* to anyw.V v.j u, . i■. • fi; '§ |/'Va a v :' ' •' I>A\S 112 » I •x < j MIX 112 n FiNM v" u ?° -v ,y r ? 1 \ n -. u •••••:- »» «• • SI c\rffl\ 2 AS the bicycle ship it back t usat..;r, cr f'Viltx ShitfSl F££?Q9¥ PRICES - *• W\ ? 'UtW yVVVSS rniu-tf one small profit al>.vj actual 112 ictory c. st. Vou . - J vtf&M l\ K&Xa to S2S niuMlemen s proms bv buying direct «.t v. and have tl.« n. 'luifacttir- r BE w&Bma antce your bicycle. Mo'i Hi V a l.icvcle or a pair uf tires t: mm a " y unt i V°u rt-CcivL- our c.u. ; : and Itaxn our unheard ot j.i.uuj ■ Ja fnces ana remarkable sffcni oyer* t llfliS vca KILL BE ASTONISHED IZ rn !Vi wr'j? low prices we can make you th 3 year. We s».ll the hi.;hcst ffraci.? bicycles f«»i It.it.. / Oftf than any other factory. sv e are r.atisfr.-d with prolit above factory XjyJ » > lilt'VClJil I)KALKKS, you can pell our bicycles under your own iiar.ic plate at t I \ 1 tin aouole oar prices. Orders tilled the ' :'/ received. ml 1 j ka JrKCOND HAND IJICVCL.IOS. V/e do not re.rularly handle second hand bicycler, but usually have a number on hand taken 1:1 1.1 rromptly at prices ranjjin* from Sit to or Descriptive bargain li-.ts mailed ir« r*. V Bingio wheels, importo<l roller rlmhin and lJcdaiii, p u rti;, rtL-. irs and \j r J& &S equipment of all jcinds at JUL if t/.e usual retail prices. U£3&nHOSN F9RCTBRE-PBOOF 8J? IHO KORE TROSOLE HSSI ?US!CiBRSS . // / ' f'T 7^ ! NAILS, Tacks or will not lot tlio i . air out. Sixty tkousnnd pairs sold Inst year. J /. ; ! . Over two buna red pairs now ia use. \\t-aj : DESCRlPTiONfK&deinnWsWc*. lti*\ive\y -s j nnd easy riding,very durableaud lincdlnsidewith v . -,. fUzs! / a special quality of rubber,-which never becomes I pemusand which closes up small punctures without allow- |i *!,« • u > luff the air to escape. We have hundreds of letters from .satis- g 33 ', r tr . F fi .racustomers stating tliat their tireshaveonly been pumped QifS x> »• .A *•'l • up once or twice in a whole season. Trtcy wei;:h nomoretlian 112 , Pf , J v ' x* 1 ; 1 J" , nn ordinary tire, the puncture resistinr; qualities being; Riven 1% J,..* tl'iit »nv' by several layers of tl.in specially prepared fabric ou the mTk. " )Fr KLAS iiC an 1 tread. The regular price of these tires is J'i.po per pair,but for H y ? \sv ltliJlNO a IvcrtisinepurposcH weare makir.fj aspcciul factorvprice to J * * the rider of only $4.80 per pair. All orders shipped same day letter is received. We ship C. O. 1). on approval. You do not pay a cent until you have examined and found them strictly us represent-, d. We will allow a c»nh discount of 5 per cent (thereby making tl.e pi ice tr- !.sii per pair) if you send I'ILL CASH WITH OllDDii and enclose this You run no risk in • tiding us an order as the tires may be returned at OUH expense i. r 112 . anyst ison th< *.• 5 not satisfactory on examination. We are perfectly reliable r»".'l tv. ney s» to u.- i:- as safe as in a bank. If you order a pair of these tires, you will find that they will ride easier, run faster, wear better, last longer and look finer than any tire you have ever used or seen at any price. \\ : j know that you will be so well pleased that when you wav.t a bicycle you will give us your order. We want you to send us a trial order at once, hence this remarkable tii < v•.. Ir. 1 pv* ogp"5"CT VfrfflT* don't buy any kind at any price until you pend for a pair 0? 85" V 3 Ileilgcthorn Puncture-Proof tire-; o-.» approval and hill : t the Special introductory price quoted above; or write for our big '1 ire a"<l Sundry Catalogue which describes and quotes all makes ar I l:ii:ds of tires at about halt the »:su.- 1 pi ii t.;. ir+f% AiffrV MZil ZTf* write us a j>ostal today. Nut Ti? l>« '1 IJUYINd a bicycle MJIO "If/Jj? B orapsirof ti...-; f;».'m anyone until you know th - new and wonderful offers we are making. It only costs a pc-ulal to learn everything. Wt ite :t NOW# J. L RgEAi CYCLE COMPANY, CHICAGO, ILL Don ? t Buy a Doped iiorse and don't let yourself be swindled by a crooked horse dealer on any of the score of tricks he has up his sleeve. The " gyp" is abroad in the land. Every day buyers of horses are shamefully fleeced. DON'T BE ONE OF THE VICTIMS. Learn how to protect yourself in buying, selling or trading. Get the sensational new book "Horse Secrets" by Dr. A. S. Alexander, and make yourself horse-wise and crook-proof. Learn how " bishoping " is done —ho»w a " heaver " is "shut" —a roarer "plugged " —how lameness, spavins, and sweeny are temporarily hidden —the "burglar" dodge —the horsehair trick —cocaine and gasoline doping—the ginger trick —the loose shoe trick —in short how to beat ALL the games of crooked auctioneers and dealers. It is all in the " Horse Secrets " hook, aiul if yon ever buy or sell a horse you need just this knowledge to protect yourself from being swindled. Read Our Remarkable Offer Below j A WORD ABOUT THE FARM JOURNAL : Thi9 is the foremo;.t farm and home monthly in the wovld ; I 33 years old ; 650,000 subscribers from Maine to California Cheerful, quaint, clever, intensely practical, well 1 printed and illustrated. Is for everybody, town, village, suburbs, or country; :ncn, women, boys, girls,— the I whole family; absolutely clean and pure; 24 to 60 pages monthly. We recommend it absolutely to every leader : of this paper; you wili find it unlike any other in the world. OUR OFFER: {J All 3 for sl-25 (Wo cannot hcII " Horsi- (icrretM" by itucll—onlr iu thin C ombination.) • ■*
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers