SOUTH LONDON. Mr Walter lteaant lllm Sum* litfrtil- . log Sketch** of Tbat Anciaut For- ! tlon of ill* City. Besides being a novelist, Sir Walter Besant Ir a historian, particularly the historian par excellence of London. For the last few years he has written article# on historic London for The Pall Mall Magazine. The lust series to appear were on South London; these, like the others, are now present ed in book form under their original title and with 'he elaborate and artistic illustrations which so enhanced their value when they were printed in the magazine. The publishers of "South London" in this country are Frederick A. Stokes Company. "The chief difficulty in writing 'South London,' " said Sir Waiter in his pre face. "has been tbat of selection from | I he great treasures which have accum ulated about this strange spot. The contents of this volume do not form a tenth part of what might be written on the same plan, and still without Incltid- j ing the history proper of the borough." ! The author courteously acknowledges his obligations to the artist "Mr. Perry Wadliam, who has so faithfully and so cunningly carried out the task commit ted to him." "My South London," says Sir Walter, j xtends from Battersea in the west to j Greenwich in the east, and from the i river on the north to the Hist rising | ground on he south. This rising ground, a gentle ascent, the beginning j of the Surrey hills, can still be observ- | e<! on the high roads of the south— ('lapham, Brixton, Camberwell." At first London had no communica tiou with the rest of the world, '.xcept ! I y water. Then a causeway was built j across the Southwark marshes. The j si ond road connected with the high road to Dover; it is now called High .Street Borough. It formed an entirely open and broad communication; it be g ii not far to the west of St. Saviour's Church, opposite the Roman Trajectus, the mediaeval ferry, now St. Mary Overies Dock. Ferries were soon es- | tublished across the Thames, and at length the marshes were drained. Pre- | historic remains prove that all this was done during the stone age and the bronze age. Centuries passed by. "High Street of Southwark is now a crowded thor oughfare, because it is the main artery ! of a town containing a population of I many hundreds of thousands. In the last century it was quite us animated, I because it was one of the main arteries 1 by which London was in communica- | tion with the country. An immense number of coaches, carts, wagons, ' ai.d 'caravans' passed every day up ! and down the High Street, some ] stopping or starting in Southwark it- 1 self; some going over London Bridge j to their destination in the city." Among the relics of the bygone ages stands to-day the remains of the p.Uace > of the Bishop of Winchester. As one ; of the Bishops of Winchester would I have made a very good modern Police I Court Judge and District Attorney combined, it may not be inappropriate ai this place to tell something about the punishments of the tim* that were ordered by the church. "There was whipping, but not me terrible, mur derous flogging of the eighteenth cen tury; there were hangings, but not for | everything. Mostly to the credit of j •lie church, punishment was designed | tot to crush a man, but to shame him into repentance and to give him a ! chance of retrieving his character. A man might be set in the stocks or put j in pillory, and so made to feel the hein- | o' sup.ss of his offe~.se. This punish- j ment was like that which was inflicted j on a schoolboy; the thing done, the boy in taken back to favor. The eighteenth ] <entuiy branded him, imprisoned him, j transported him, made a brute of him, | and then hanged him. Did a woman j speak despitefully of authority—pre- 1 sumptuous quean—set her up in the j cage beside the stoulpes of London i Bridge, that every one should see her there and should ask what she had done. After an hour or two take her down; bid her go home and keep hence forth a quiet tongue in her head. This leniency was only for offenses moral and against the law. For freedom of j i.iought or doctrine there was Bishop j Bonder's better way. And it was a ; way inhuman, inflexible, unable to for- ' give." Sir Walter Besant, in showing how the palace either contains or lias at sortie time contained the work of nearly every archbishop in succession, inci dentally remarks, in speaking of some | of the improvements executed by the various prelates, that the Chicheley ! Tower, commonly known as the "Lol- j lards' Tower," "never had any connec- j tion with Lollards, and that all the talk i about the unhappy Lollard prisoners is without foundation." And, in a word, which will explain ! why 1 have given an apparently dlspro- j poi lionate space to Lambeth Palace, j the author thus ends his chapter on the royal houses of South London; "Lam- j L>eih Palace, the only palace in the whole of South London, is a monumen/ of English history from the twelfth ; century downward. Kennington ap- j pears at intervals; Eltham is a holiday house; Greenwich practically begins j with the Tudors. Lambeth, like West- j minster or St. Paul's belongs to the j long history of the English people." From the fragmentary "lives" of j Shakespeare we have learned consider- j able about the Globe Theatre, but in "Stuith I,ondon" we find a great deal more, and also much about the Bear Garden, Blackfriars, and Paris Garden, ! the Hope Theatre, the Swan Theatre, and the Rose. It is all very interest- j ing. And of the South London of to-day, there is much that is of interest, much that is fascinating, albeit the tourist to i.ondon can see it all if he only takes the troutie. loin paring Stool. The tempering of steel with uniform results is a feat hardly to be achieved by the most expert artisan. A German inventor had devised a process for ac curately obtaining any desired degree of hardness, the variations being effect ed by changes in the liquid used, and det ending on the fact that graded re sults may be produced by the ÜBe of milk in varying fornv* and dilutions—' ili it is, by freehand skimmed milk sweet and sour whey, fresh and old buttermilk, and different mixtures with water. The various stages of acidifica tion of milk are also said to give all the effects of hardening In oil and otk «:• fat mixtures. | WHY THE HORSE SHIES I Sensible Explanation of the Hubitc of Well-Known Animals. 1 Dr. Louis RoMuson. nn English zool ogist, lias just given to (he world nn account of the hnbits and mode of life of certain animals, and the conclusion nt which be seemi to arrive is that all , such phenomena may 1»h explained oil the ground of atavalsn.. Thus he claims that the horse of our day de-, rives his swiftness and power of en durance from the fact that his auees- j tors in former days were obliged to floe from and frequently to defend] themselves against their great enemies —the wolves. Iu like manner he claims that the reason that the horse; shies is because hi< ancestors were j forced to be constantly on-the alert, i against hidden enemies, and that the! I reason that lie rears and plunges is' because only by pursuiug such actios j ; could his forefathers shako oil' wild j animals who had leaped upon their i i backs. Sheep when frightened immediately; I rush off to the highest point they can reach. The reason, says Dr. l'obinsoii, j Is because all sheep originally inhab ited mountainous districts. And this, | he claims, is also the reason why tliey I wear a thick fleece ol wool all the year through, the summer temperature in ! mountainous districts being almost as i i cold as that of wlntei. finally, we are! I assured that the reason sheep invaria-; ! hly follow a leader is because their an- j j cestors were obliged togo in Indian ! file through tin; narrow mountainous I Pigs have also engaged Dr. Robin-j j son's attention. He was puzzloTl for aj I good while as to the < tnt«e of their i grunting, says the Chicago Times- j Herald, but now he thinks he has dis- j covered the real reason. The pigs of j to-day. he says, evidently grunt be cause their ancestors made their j homes in thick woods, and only by ] making this sound could they Veep track of each other and guard them- j i selves against going nstrav from the] I common herd. Commenting on (ris I latter oplanatio.i. a scientist suggests j that Dr. Itobinson might now do well to spend some time in trying to liiul } out why the horse neighs and why the I dog barks. Well-Pressed Alan Arouses .empathy The generosity supposed to lie hid j den under the mask of the ancient highwayman is sometimes present un-j ! der the raps of his modern edition, the ! street tramp. A well-dtessed man,] | who had just left the ftrryhouse in ( Now York after crossing the river, : started to pick his way through the | mud of the crossing. Mis patent lenth i ers. his silk hat and his shining even ! ing dress made him an obvious prey j for the tattered dock bandit, who i slouched up to him with the usual j piteous cry for help to get a night's lodging. "My dear fellow," said the well- I dressed man with a sudden instinct of i frankness. "I'm in my store clothe.-, but. the fact is I've got to walk up | town because I haven't a nickel to pay my car fare." "Is that so?" said the other in an ex- ; cited whisper. "Well, it ain't goin' to i be saiil I left a pan! in the birch when I he was deid broke." And putting his hand into his rags, he hauled up a bewildering heap of i | silver and offered anything the other | wanted. The "pard" hurst into a shout of laughter and insist'd on shaking hands with the begyjr, though he refused tho [ nickel. And all through his trudge I home he had plenty of food for, I thought, humorous and otherwise. An Expert Swonlfisli. Hank Carruthers, of Block Island, ; ) R. T.. an old-time fisherman, last year ! I caught a young sword fish, not more j than two tect long, which had refuse I j to leave the dead body of its mother, i which fie had harpooned after an ex- : j citing fight. The young fish survived , the transportation to a tidal pond be hind the Carruthers homestead and th" entrance to the pond was closed with 1 a net to prevent his escape. Since th": Mr. Carruthers hais tamed the fish so 1 ] that it will feed from his hand, and tho j neighbors had become so accustomed ■ to the sight that they did not notice it j any more. Last month a French gen j tleman, who is a well known fencing I teacher. M. Tierce, had been train s ing the fish furtively. He had made a soft pad of leather, which he adjusted j on the tip of his sword, like the button , | on a foil, and the two gave an exhibi- , I tion bout of fencing which could not , ! be equalled for nicety of action and I correctness of dash in the Fencers' | J Club. The fish apparently I nows all j the rules of the game and carefully re- I frains from committing fouls. He cuts j and slashes swiftly, and several times j lie caught M. Tierce unawares, says me ' i New York Press, and nearly transfixed j him. The Frenchman has offered Mr. Carruthers a large sum of money for i the fish which he wishes to exhibit. lint Ruths. Here Is n point that English folks I might learn from the Japanese. The reason we are inclined, iu this country, I to catch cold after taking a liot bath in tho daytime. Is that we do not take ; it hot enough. If only you have the I water as near boiling point as possible, , | there is no fear of your getting cold afterward. The Japanese revel iu these liot tubs, says Chambers' .four mil. They take them three and four times a day. In some districts of Ja pan. I believe, the. people are amphib ious: for months at a time they live practically in the water. A Japanese once called upon me, and he apologized i at the outset of our conversation for 1 being so unmannerly and dirty, for he had only had time to take two hot baths that day. A Dangeroiii Indulgence. j "There's only oie drawback to • ay off." "What's that?" "It makes you want another day off." —Chicago Reord. N'eversweat Nicodemus —Did yer ever near about a princess wot slept for on« hundred years? Tattered Toliiver —Yes. Wot an idee '.ife she led' —Kansas City Indepenti ent. The Parson— l hnfth de angels done Cotched yo' a niuMe:' baby brudHer? "\ his. but It j:*s'. s-eems lak dera • iige'is pick- ii.' tal de b'ackest bablM UJJ Ails'"— Ufa. 112 Short Talks on Ad vert is no -•> ■ [ No. 18. Don't expect the newspaper todoitall. Look out for the show window and the cases and counters. When you advertise something of special interest in the papers, fill the window with it and have it prominently din- Don't ever expect spasmodic adver •VaWflf hair thetn understand juit what I ... , 1, .. - wit trying t» do." tising to pay. Don t ever let an issue of a paper you aro using appear without your advertisement. The day you leave the ad out will probably be the very day on which somebody will look for it, and, not I _______ finding it, goto a competitor. The last of a scries <n is the one that sells the goods. A man may *- j v see your ad thirty days in July and not buy ' * '! j Sr till the thirty-first ad wields conviction into *—\ \ It's the last stroke that makes a *j-~' horseshoe—all the others were merely 112 .■ ,\ ■*._ preparatory. The shoe was not a 'sNL ' .3" shoe till the last blow fell. If that / had not been given it would only be a M, semblance of a shoe —merely a bcn(. 'fa /kSB™ piece of iron. A sale is secured ,'| by the last word that is spoken—by ■ the last ad that is read. If itrr- "The last adttrtiu. niained unspoken, or unread, the sale /' HS P' would often fail entirely. \ tk > Advertising is the insurance of business, but you must keep up the pre miums or the policy will lapse. Copyright, Char Us Austin Bates, AVw An SB.OO Dictionary for $2.00 The New Werner Edition of - - Webster's Dictionary. . Newly and magnificently illustrated Kfe Vtfj&C V' 1 ne oiler you the hist diet ionaty ever put KC ' ' - 'V. on the market at a low piiee. Thillsnn - . American Dictionary of the Kngilsh l.au- X ' i.,' ■'/ j gitaga, containing the whole voaabulary I^Ktiarjfcagia».'!.i'- , »»Vf-: , A■' AY* .*f tl:e tlr*t edition, the entire correct ions • v - •* V ai-.l Improvements of the second edition, •' v> '••• to which is prefixed an Introductory din- SM&W4B c- . • » *.Tt.ttion on the history, origin and con- - ~ ~ X ' * • l ' neri. .1,1 of the languages of \\Vsttrn Asia it ' ,>• ;»G •?• "r ■■•jC; and hurope with an explanation of the U: '".i •■ ' •' ' . jinjif 'iplesion which languages aro firmed. !#'*"*," .?i l' A i b £ ok v word that •' -git He.ih Webster ever defined, and the SflL-.. •_**&« •-• t- '' v.CI ' ■ • AnAp- ' I iuiu l'n>per Names, MiMlernVieograhhhvtl «'•! 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Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers