OOaOOOOOOOOOSCOOOOOOQQCCKg 8 H ow Tft ß H Protßct § | the Qraqge groves § | in F^ or^a - § O 8 O 15r I>. Allen Wllloy, of Itultliiiore. O 0 o oooooooooooooooocooooooooo 1 For the last live years parts of Cen tral and Southern Florida have been ,'Visited by freezing weather for the first time In the history of that beauti ful State. This section of the United States Is one of the centres for the pro duction of oranges and bananas, and large quantities of vegetables are also raised during the winter to be sold in the Northern cities. The first visita tion of frost found most of the orange growers altogether unprepared for it, and the result was that in a siugle Bight plantations covering fully fifty square miles were utterly and hope lessly ruined. The action of the frost turned the leaves from green to black, and the steins of the oranges shriv elled so that the fruit fell to the ground frozen and worthless. In some cases where the earth deeply covered the roots of the trees i little life was left, 112. 11 Tn— <• J ' v > 7. SQUARE TEXT WITII WOODEN FRAME WORK, SHOWING CLOTH COVERING ROLLED UP. and the growers were able to start them again by cutting the trunk of the tree down to a few inches from the ground. The destruction was terrible.. Entire groves, ranging from fifty to 100 acres in extent, were taken up by the roots, burned and the ashes used to fertilize slips from which new or chards were to be raised. Various plans have since been ar ranged to protect.the groves from cold weather, and,«Ss>l result, the visitor to Florida in January can ride a hun dred miles through orange groves which are inclosed in vast, covered-in bouses, and siugle trees which are INTEIiIOU Ul' A SUEL» COVEKING A.\ uIiA.NOL UUUVJi O*' 'XiliitTY SEVEN AGUES. carefully covered by tents. Not only i are they protected by cloth and wood, ' but heat In various forms Is also pro- s vided to keep the air warm enough, so that the growing fruit, as well as the i smaller branches, will remain unin- i jured. The houses, or sheds, cover from an acre* to forty acres of ground. - The accompanying large picture is a Oli I'lsss' 1 l ! V . ,\! ■ i. tl s ** AUa SAME TENT AS IT LOOKS WHEN TOE COLl) WEATHER CALLS XJPON IT TO PRO TECT ITS DELICATE OCCUPANT. section of a thirty-seveu-acre shod, as | ' It is termed, built near Deland, Fla. ' In constructing a shed rows of j)lne posts, each six inches square, are erected from ten feet to lifteen feet apart. These are connected liy string ers nailed to the tops of the posts, and are also supported by wooden braces projecting diagonally. The framework is covered at .besides with pine boards, Ithe ends of which overlap like the clap boards of a dwelling. The sides are put together in sections, so that thoy can be moved on rollers—forming huge sliding doors. The roof is formed of thin boards a foot in width, fastened Into sockets in the stringers, like the slats of a window-shutter or blind. Sections of the slats are connected with wiring or small ropes, so that by pull ing the wire the row of slats can be closed or opened at any angle desired. The shed is about twenty feet in height. As a full-grown orange tree seldom ranges over twelve feet in Florida ample space Is afforded for air !to circulate above the top branches. All the sheds or houses are con structed of pine, btjt, instead of the slat roof, some have the top covered with thin boards, sliding in grooves, so that any portion cf the roof can be removed In a few minutes if desired. The sides of some of the sheds are also made upon the slat principle, so that ill A ROUND TENT OPEN ON A FINE, BUNNY DAT. they may be opened or closed like the roof of the shed first described. The tents are only made to protect single trees, and an orchard thus cov ered looks from a distance like a mili tary encampment. One form of tent is part wood and j)art cloth. Four posts of pine are fastened in the ground, upholding a framework on which boards are nailed. Below the stationary framework Is another which slides up and down the outside of the posts, which are placed outside the tree to be protected. Between the movable and the stationary frame work are tacked strips of cloth, sewed together and covered with a mixture of paraffin or other solution to pro tect It from the action of the weather. When the tent is opened the cloth is neatly tucked In place between the framework at the top, resembling an accordion when shut up. By pulling a small cord the movable framework Is released and drops to the ground, completely covering the tree. At a dis tance of 100 feet it looks like an ordin ary wooden shed. The round tent commonly used is supported on a 'rameworlc like the ribs of an umbrel la; but Instead of the centre stick be ing straight it is composed of two pieces, and near the top of the tree It self an arm projects inwardly at an angle. The main stick is composed of a post about three inches square, planted to a depth of several feet in the ground. The end of the "tent" is fastened to it by large tacks, and the ribs which hold the cloth in place when the tent Is spread are made of light wooden strips fastened to the material in the same way, at intervals of from one foot to two feet, accord ing to its size. Around the tree Is placed a hoop of hardwood firmly braced, which answers to the wires extending from the centre stick of the extending from the centre stick of the "umbrella" to its ribs. When it is de sired to close the tent the cord fasten in.tr he cloth to the main post is uni tei and merely drawn around the hoop. It completely hides the tree from view, and is kept from falling open by tying the ends together as in an ordinary tent. Most of the tent cloth is of light weight sheeting or thin cotton duck, covered on the outside with some com pound which will keep it from being affected by mildew or from rotting. It is sewed with heavy linen thread, and fastened to the framework as se curely as possible to prevent the ma terial from being torn by the high winds which frequently accompany changes of weather in Florida. Some of the grove-owners remove tiie sheds and tents in the spring and replace at the beginning of win ter in oider to give the trees the bene lit of the light and air. In ordinary weather the roofs and sides of the sheds are left open, as otherwise the fruit would not mature rapidly enough and would be of a poor quality. At ' ' TENT OPEN ON THE SUNNY AND CLOSED ON THE NORTH, OR COLD, SIDE, all of the towns in the orange-grow ing centre are telegraph offices con nected with the United States Signal Fervlee Bureau at Washington. If a "cold wave* Is predicted the frult grgwers order all of tlielr employes Into the groves to close the sheds and draw the tents. These coverings will keep the air from fifteen degrees to twenty degrees warmer than witho*t the protection; but it may be necessary to use artificial heat. In the large sheds fires of pine wood are sometimes made, but as there is danger of ig niting the framework from the sparks "salamanders" arc preferred. These are merely large rings of cast iron which overlap each other and in which coke or wood can be burned. They dis tribute the heat much mo;e than an ordinary stove and confine the sparks. Stoves are also used in various forms according to the size of the shed, and the heat is conveyed by means of long stretches of sheet-iron pipe through the rows of trees. In the tents hand lamps are placed. A lamp containing a pint of oil will burn eighteen hours and furnish enough heat properly to warm the air around a ten-foot orange tree.—The World Wide Magazine. THE INDEP ENDENCE. BUTTER IN BRICKS. Rapid Production of Attractive One or ' Two l'ouml Blocks. Grocers nnd other retailers of but ter buy a good deal of that commodi ty by the tub, and soil it in small quantities. In order to save time when several customers are wait ing, It will be an advantage to have the stuff cut up in advance into one or two pound bricks. Anticipating a rush, many grocers put sugar and tea up in ready-made paiC2'«. But each lot is carefully weighed out uy itself. An ingenious Western inventor has thought of a way to cut a tub of but ter up into blocks on the wholesale plan. For this work a machine is used, a part of which Is shown in the draw ing. The frame holding the cross wirt can be slipped up and down and entir 1y removed from the uprights. This is done at the beginning of the operations. A tub of butter is turned out on the criss-cross wooden block, pains being taken to keep it square and even. Then on one of the corner posts is iemporrvlly hinged three hor izontal wires tightly stretched one above the other. By swinging this frame sideways slowly and steadily the wires will cut the- mass of butter into four layers. The uppermost is very thin and doesn't count. The others are of uniform thickness. The lirst cut Is now detached from the machine J - P ; | BUTTER CUTTING DEVICE. and the other frame litted on over the four posts. This is forced downward steadily until the wires have cut to the bottom, and then raised again. By turning the wooden block a quar ter way round, and repeating the cut ting operation, the butter will be re duced to blocks of the desired shape. It is claimed that the wires can be ad justed so as to vary the weight from half a pound to two pounds. A gauge shows how to set them. The imper fect bricks may be packed in a mold furnished with the machines, which, when full, is overturned on the board nnd two cuts are made with the frame to produce sixteen more bricks. llow far the well-known difference in the density of butter would offset the weight of the bricks is a nice ques tion.—New York Tribune. What Are We Coming; To? The fond mother had just killed tc-n of her twelve children. She was a happy wife and her hus band came home early every night. "Now," she said with a contented sigh, "John can close with the agent for that house." This was twenty years from now, when no landlord would accept a ten ant with more than two children.— New York Sun. .. . | The Independence | ;■ in Racing Trim. | The Independence, the Lawgon boat which is to try her metal against the Constitution, has been putin racing trim. A coat of silver gray paint was applied to the steel topsldes and as the color is a trifle lighter than the cement paint ■which was on before she looks much neater. A stripe, be ginning with a scroll at the bow and ending in one at the stern, was put ou in gold leaf. On deck, the canvas cov ering has been painted a light green shade, while the steel waterways were given a coat of yellow. An important change will be the shifting forward of the steel mast. It was found that it had a little too much rake aft and to remeay this the wedges on the forward side of tho mast will be thinned down an Inch, while those at the rear are replaced by thicker ones. Blocks are to be substituted for the bell-mouthed jibsheet leads immedi ately. The latter are immovable an<J Captain Huff has come to the conclu sion that it would be safer in a still blow to have blocks and thus over come the danger of the brass edge of the present leads sawing through the inanlla. In speaking of the difference in the construction of the Constitution's mast and that of the Independence, Captain Half said: "The mast in our boat should be stronger, not only because the steel is thicker, but because there is a dia phragm plate every six feet. This fea ture is lacking in that of the Constitu tion on account of the telescopic top mast scheme. We cannot be too care fill iu having our own shrouds looked after carefully and I guess we won't take another trip until we are sure that the same thing don't happen to us." Diamonds in Meteorites. The largest iron meteorites come from the Canon Diablo, in Arizona, and were discovered about ten years ago. Of this famous "fall," Professor Ward, the natural history collector, has seven large specimens and twenty or more smaller ones. The surface of the larger ones is covered with inden tations or pits scooped out by the air through which they fell, as if by a chisel. Sometimes holes were thus bored entirely through these openings, that the specimens may be suspended for more effective display. The Canon Diablo meteorites are remarkable in being one of the two known kinds that contain diamonds. The diamonds are black and microscopic, and have no commercial value.—New York Tost. Cutlery For Lunatics. Cutlery for lunatics was recently advertised for by the British Admir alty office, nnd it brought to light some unusual cutlery that while made regularly in Sheffield for the past twenty years or more is but little known. The illustrations represent two types of knives and one type of fork. The knives have perfuctly dull, C=g * * KNIVES AND FORKS FOR LUNATICS. round blades, with a small cutting area about an inch long, situated in such a way that it cannot be used ex cept for the purpose Intended. The fork terminates in a small round ball, on which there are three prongs about half an inch long. The idea in this unique cutlery, of course, was to de vise knives and forks that could not be used as instruments of attack upon attendants, nor for self-mutilation. It Is something new for a prince to come to America because of a mar riage already contracted, but the change is hardly for the worse. ' •'194? I . DR. TARGE'S SERMON SUNDAY'S DISCOURSE BY THE NOTED DIVINE. Subject: Tho Nature of Coil The Least Uiulcratoori Ueing in tlie Universe Kvlrience of lHvlne Power God's In finite Love—llia Nature Never Chancres [Copyright 1901.1 WASHINGTON, 1). 0. —In this discourse Dr. Talmage raises high expectations of the day when that which is now only dimly seen will be fully revealed; text, Job xxvi, 14: "Lo ; these are parts of His ways. But how little a portion is heard of Him? Hut the thunder of His power who can understand?" The least understood being in the uni verse is (Jod. Blasphemous would be any attempt by painting or sculpture to rep resent Him. Egyptian hieroglyphs tried to suggest Him by putting tne figure of an eye upon a sword, implying that God sees and rules, but how imperfect the sug gestion! When We speak of Him it is al most always in a language figurative. He is "Light"' or "Days-pring From on High," or He is a "High Tower" .or the "Foun tain of Living Waters." His splendor is so great that no man can see Him and live. When the group of great theolog ians assembled in Westminster Abbey for the purpose of making a system of re ligious belief, they first of all wanted an answer to the question, "Who is God?" No one desired to undertake the answer ing of that overmastering question. They finally concluded to give the task to the youngest man in the assembly, who hap pened to be Rev. George Gillespie. He consented to undertake it on the condi tion that they would first unite with him in prayer for divine direction. He began his prayer by saying, "O God, Thou art a spirit, infinite, eternal and unchangeable in Thy being, wisdom, power, holiness, justice, goodness and truth." That first sentence of Gillespie's prayer was unani mously adopted by the assembly as the best definition of God. But, after all. it was only a partial success, and after everything that language can do when put to the utmost strain and all we can see of God in the natural world and real ize of God in the providential world we are forced to cry out with Job in my text: "Lo, these are parts of His ways.. But how little a portion of Him is heard? But the thunder of His power who can understand?" Archbishop Tillotson and Dr. Dick and Timothy Dwight and Jonathan Edwards of the past and the mightiest theologians of this young century have discoursed upon the power of God, the attribute of omnipotence. And v/e have all seen dem onstration of God's almightiness. It might have been far out at sea when in an equinoctial gale God showed what He could do with the waters. It might have been in an August thunderstorm in the mountains when God showed what He could do with the lightnings. It might have been in South America when God showed what lie could do with the earth quakes. It might have been among the Alps when God showed what He could do with the avalanches. Our cheek was blanched, our breath stopped, our pulses fluttered, our whole being was terrorized, but we had seen only an instance of di vine strength. What was the power of that storm compared with the power which holds all the oceans? What was the power that shook the hills compared with the power thai swings the earth through all the centuries and for 0000 years, and in a formative and incomplete shape for hundreds of thousands of years? What is that power that sustains our world compared with the power which rolls through immensity the entire solar system and all the constellations and gal axies and the universe? The mightiest intellect of man would give away it for a moment there came upon it the full ap preciation of what omnipotence is. What you and I see and hear of divine strength are only ' parts of His ways. But how little a portion is heard of Him! But the thunder of His power who can under stand?" We try to satisfy ourselves with saying: "It is natural law that controls things. Gravitation is at work; centripetal and centrifugal forces respond to each other." But what is natural law? It is only (rod's way of doing things. At every point in' the universe it is God's direct and con tinuous power that controls and harmon izes and sustains. That power withdrawn one instant would make the planetary sys tem and all the worlds which astronomy reveals one universal wreck, bereft hemis pheres, dismantled sunsets, dead constel lations, debris of world's. What power it must "be that keeps the internal fires of our world imprisoned, only here and there spurting from a Cotopaxi or a Stromboli or from a Vesuvius, putting Pompeii and Herculaneum into sepuleher, but for the most part the internal fires chained in their cages of rook and century after cen tury unable to break the chain or burst open the door! What power to keep the component parts of the air in right pro portion, so that all around the world the nations may breathe in health, the frosts nnd the heats hindered from working uni versal demolition! Power, as Isaiah says, "to take up the isles as a very 'little thing"—Ceylon and Borneo and Hawaii as though they were pebbles; power to weigh the "mountains in scales" and the "hiils in balances"—Tenerife and the Cor dilleras. To move a rock we must hive lever and screw and great machinery, but God moves the world with nothing hut a word; power to create worlds and power to destroy them, as from the observatories again ana again they have been seen red with flame, then pale with ashes and then scattered. What is that power to us? r.slcs some one. It is everything to us. With Ilim on our side, the reconciled God, the sym pathetic God. the omnipotent God, we may defy all human and satanic antagon isms, and when we are shut in by obsta cles we can say, as did one of Frobisher's men when the sailor was describing how their ship was surrounded by icebergs in the Arctic sea. "The ice was strong, but God was stronger than the ice." And, whatever opposition we may have, our God is mightier than the opposition. All right with God, we may have the courage of the general dying on the battlefield. He asked to be turned, and when they said, "Which way shall we turn you?" he said, "Turn my face toward the enemy." What a challenge that was uttered by the old missionary hero, "If God lie for us, who can be against us?" Think of it! God is thj only being in the universe who has power to do as He pleases. All hu man and anseHc forces have environments. There are things they cannot do, heights they cannot scale, depths they cannot fathom. We get some little idea of the divine power when we see how it buries the proudest cities and nations. Ancient Memphis it has ground up until many of its ruins are no larger than your thumb nail, and you can hardly find a souvenir large enough to remind you of your visit. The city of Tyre is under the sea which washes the shore on Which arc only a few crumbling pillars left. Sodom and Oo morrah are covered by waters so deathful tnat not a fish can live in them. Babylon and Nineveh are so blotted out of exist ence that not one uninjured shaft of their ancient splendor remains. Nothing but omnipotence could have liut them down apd put them under. The antediluvian world was able to send to the postdilu vian world only one ship, with a very small passenger list. Omnipotence first rolled the seas over the land and then told them togo bark to their usual chan nels as rivers and lakes and oceans. At Omnipotent command the waters pounc ing upon their prey and at Omnipotent command slinking back into their appro priate places. By such rehearsal we try to arouse our appreciation of what omnia- ot'?nce is, and our reverence i? excited, and our adoration is intensified, but after all we (ind ourselves at the foot of a mountain we cannot climb, hovering over a depth we cannot fathom, at the rim of a circumference we cannot compass, and we feel like first going down on our knees and then like falling flat upon our faces as we exclaim: "Lo, these are parts of llis ways. But how little a portion it) heard of Him? But the thunder of His power who can understand?'' So all those who have put together sys tems of theology have discoursed also about the wisdom of Clod. Think of a wis dom which can know the end from the beginning, that knows the thirtieth cen tury as well as the first century. We can guess what will happen, but it is only a guess. Think of a mind that can hold all the past and all the present and ail the future. We can contrive and invent on a small scale, but think of a wisdom that could contrive a universe. Think of a wisdom that can learn nothing new, a wis dom that nothing can surprise, all the facts, scenes and occurrences of all time to come as plainly before it as though they had already transpired. He couid have i>uilt all the material universe into oi.e world and swung it, a glorious mass, through immensity, but behold His wis dom in dividing up the grandeurs into in numerable worlds, rolling splendors on all sides, diversity, amplitude, majesty, in finity. Worlds, worlds, moving in com plete order, shining with complete ra diance. Mightiest telescope on one hand and most powerful microscope on the other, discovering in the plan of God not one imperfection. Witty writers sometimes depreciate the thunder and say it is the ligntning that strikes, but I am sure God thinks well ot' the thunder, or He would not make so much of it, and all up and down the Bible He uses the thunder to give emphasis. It was the thunder that shook Sinai when the law was given. It was wnn thunder that the Lord discomfited the Philis tines at Eben-ezer. Job pictures the war horse as having a neck clothed with thunder. St. John in an apocalyptic vision again and again heard the thunder. The thunder, which is now quite well explained by the elec tricians, was the overpowering mystery of the ancients, and, standing among those mysteries, Job exclaimed: "Lo, these are parts of His ways. But how little a por tion is heard of Him? But the thunder of His power who can understand?" So, aiso, all systems of theology try to tell us what is omnipotence—that is, God's capacity to be everywhere at the same time. "Where is God?" said a heathen philosopher to a Christian man. The Christian answered, "Let me ask you where He is not?" The child had it right when, asked how many Gods are there, and he answered, ''One." "How do you know that?" he was asked again. He an swered, "There is only room for one, for He fills earth and heaven." An author says that if a man were set in the highest heavens lie would not be any nearer the essence of God than if he were in the centre of the earth. I believe it. If this divine essence does not reach all places, what use in our prayer, for prayers are being offered to God on the other side of the earth as well as here, and God must be there and here to take supplica tions which are oifcred thousands 01 miles apart. Übiquity! No one has it but God. And what an alarm to wickedness, an everywhere present Lord, and what a re enforcement when we need help! God on the throne and God with the kneeling child saying his evening prayer at his mother's lap. God above you, God be neath you, God on tin: right of you, God on the left of you, Go;i within you. No pantheism, for that teaches that all things are God, but Jehovah possesses all things, as our souls possess our bodies. God at the diameter and circumference of everything, as close to you as the food you put to your lips, as the coat you put upon your back, as the sunlight that stiine.3 111 your face. Appreciation of that, if through Jesus Christ, the atoning Sa viour, we are right wiii\. Clod, ought to give os a serenity, a tranquillity, that nothing could upset. Would it make us gloomy? No, tor God is the God of joy and will augment our happiness. We have all been painfully reminded in our own experiences that we cannot be in two places at the same time, and yet here comes the thought that God can be in all places at the same time. Madler, the as tronomer, went on with his explorations of the heavens until he concluded that the star Alcyone, one of the Pleiades, was the centre of the universe, and it was a fixed world, and all the other worlds revolved around that world, and some think that that world is heaven and God's throne is there and there reside the nations of the blessed. But He is no more there than He is here. Indeed Alcyone has been found to be in motion, and it also is revolving around some great centre. But 110 place has yet been found where God is not present bv sustaining power. Omnipres ence! Who fully appreciates it? Not I; not you. Sometimes we hear Ilim in a whisper; sometimes we hear Ilim in the v«ice of the storm that jars the Adirondacks. But we cannot swim across this ocean. The finite cannot measure the iutinite. We feel as Job did after finding God in the gold mines and the silver mines of Asia, saying, "There is a vein for the silver and a place for the gold where they fine it." The nature of God never changes, and from all eternity that holy passion glowed in the Infinite, and I think lie was throw ing out worlds into space and inhabiting them and more worlds for the application of that love. He may not have told the other worlds what He aid for this world, as He has noc told us what He did for them. 1 think the love of God was dem onstrated in mightier worlds before our little world was iitted up for human resi dence. Will a man owning 50,000 acres of land put all the cultivation 011 a half acre? Will God make a million worlds and put His chief affection on one small planet? Are the other worlds and larger worlds standing vacant, uninhabited, while this little world is crowded with in habitants? No, it takes a universe of worlds to express the love of God. And there are other ransoms and other rescues and other redemptions, as there may be other millenniums and other resurrection mornings anil judgment days than those of our world. But in the space of six feet by five was comprised the mightiest evidence of God's love that any world ever saw or ever will see. Compressed on two planks joined together as a cross, there was enough agony there concen trated, if distributed, to put whole na tions into torture. That God allowed the assassination of His own Son for the res cue of our world is all the evidence needed that He loved the world. Go ahead, O church of God! Go ahead, 0 world, and tell as well as you can what the love of God is, but know beforehand that Paul was right when he said, "It passeth knowledge." Let other poets take up the story of God's love where William Cowper and Isaac Wafts and Charles Wesley and Horatius Bonar left it, and let other painters improve upon the ' Sis tine Madonna" and the "Adoration of the Magi" and the "Crucifixion" as Raphael and Titian and Claude and Correggio pre sented them. Let the German pulpit or ator take up the theme of God's love where Frederick Tholuck left it, let Ital ian pulpit take it up where G ivazzi left it, let French pulpit orator take up thd theme where Bourdeloue left it, let the Swiss pulpit orator take up the theme where Merle d'Aubignc left it, let the English pulpit take it up where George Whitefield left it. let the Scotch pulpit take it tin where Dr. Candlish left it, let the Welsh pulpit take it up where Christ mas Evans left it, and let the American pulpit take it up where Archibald Alex ander and Dr. Kirk and Matthew Simp son left it. But the world will never ar>- preciatc fully the love of God until they hear from His own lips the outburst «l Hia infinite and everlasting affection.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers