George Washington showed his gen ius for leadership when he was only twenty-three years old. He then held a commission as colonel in the militia of the colony of Virginia. Washing ton volunteered his personal services To aid (he British regulars and militia in driving the French and Indians out of the colony. General Braddock com manded the army. Washington went • > ...'.v.: /.'■' ■ ■_ •. THE BLOOD TRACKS IN TIIE SNOW AT VALLEY FORGE. along as an id-de-camp. He was used to border warfare and advised Brad dock against the European style of lighting borderers with massed col umns. The Britisli leaders paid no heed to the warning of the youthful aide and at the crossing of the Mon ongahela Kiver, near Fort Duquesne their troops were ambushed by tl'e French and Indians concealed in the forest where the road passed between two deep ravines. The vanguard suf fered terribly from the lire, and Brad dock went forward in person with re serves still marching in regular battle order. After ft useless struggle the Britisli berc tiirowu into confusion. AH were In danger of slaughter. Braddock was tliof down, and there was no one to oppose Washington's plan for saving the tomnant of the army. Rallying t ! ie Virginia militia. ht» told them to give hauls to the Indians in their own .wild fashion. The Virginia riflemen in tljoir fur caps and hunting shirts stole forward from tree to tree, in a short time they had established a line entirely across the field of battle lietwton the enemy'and the surviving Britons,. With these invineibles Colonel iVVaslington saved about half of Brad dock';; army. During the day Washington had two killed under h'm, and his cloth ing ;vas pierced many times. After he he.e become a noted warrior and the "Gr. a t White Father" one of (lie In dian chiefs engaged ill that buttle told 'dm tiiat he wasted fifteen arrows tO'i'ig to kill him at Mouongalieia at'd that many of his braves did the sau.e. finally tiie savages concluded tint in visible spirits turned their shafts away rind gave up the game. Kvery mount ed officer oil tiie tield except Wash ington was shot from tiie saddle. It is noue the less credit to Wash ington to attribute his military success In large part to the inefficiency of Ins Milef antagonist. Howe, Thackeray's Suggestion that the Americans ought t,> put up a mouument to this Britisli General is not without its point. He was like a second Bruddoek in his ob stinate stupidity in refusing to recou rse that a i American war could not ti • waged like a Kurope.iii one. When Howe had occupied New York r.'nl I'liiludclphla. the two ciiief cities « ' the colonies, l.e was satisfied, and the people of Ktitfland were satisfied i wit tiie war could not last. 'ietiee was seen a strange spectacle. ,\ tli. v*ry time when W.ishlugto i'» ur ;iy lay gasping in extremis In iUe famous camp of \ alley I'oitfe. Howe's ''great, brave ami perfectly appointed army fiddled and gambled and feasted in Philadelphia " \\ inter marcm s had t'i en matte, wittier campaigns fouvlit t .'ten cUOUgii in Ailiei e . ; \Ya-hingum hluiselt had sltowu tli*- British how at '(retttOll. A single Week's rcsult;i" campaigning would have capturtil tiie cm ire tti'uty. What was Howe doing'/ It is a queer story. li> yoml and above tin milium) festivities of any garrison lutvu, lie was lu'eshllug at a strange fete the *' Mist hluuxii," t!t signed In part by Ihc uulortuuate Andre. This was an elaborate reproduction of >ln pageants ami tournament* of Med I nexal chivalry. Ami after the Joust*, ttml amid tue feastluu. triumphal arches were ertcied. and Troy ladies ami ihc wives of the officers offered Maria ml* to l.ord llovve. the t'ouqUft'or •if lite Colonies, pitiiuisiug him lllidy lug fan e. Howe's arches of triumph are forgot t< ii. cm tpi by I lie antiquary In a «lt> greater than I'hllsdeli hia rises a white arch, more beautiful. us we|| as Wore durable, to Ihe hero ol Vatic.'. I org.- Ii u cwtt*v>|Uit)ce ol N\ ashii'it ton's roving military life that ho lived, if for but a (lay, in many different places, and occupied many houses. Within New York Civv these have mostly disappeared. The Kennedy house, at 1 Broadway, gave place ten years ago to the Cyrus W. Field build ing. Frauuce's tavern, most closely connected with Washington of all New York houses, retained its original council chamber much as it had been until about a year ago. Newburg's Washington headquarters stand on a commanding site south f.f the city, and is plainly visible from the river. The old Pliillipse house, on Getty Square, Youkers, was visited by Washington as a guest, directly after the French and Indian war. It is used as Yonkers' City Hull, but it is threat ened with destruction to make way for a modern building. The Jumel house, not far from High Bridge, is another house visited by Washington that is very little changed. A patriotic son of the Revolution resides there now, and it bids fair to be kept imact for a long time yet. Tradition assigns to houses in White THE WASHINGTON'S BIRTHDAY GIRL First in Peace, First in War arid First in Hearts of Her Country rr\eri." Plains. Cermautown. New Brunswick unit other towns in tlie line of the mili tary operations the name of"Wash ington Headquarters." Above Plaln tleld, N. J., stands a rocky plateau. giv ing a view of all the tlat country »o the southeast. This Is called Wash ington Itock by the country people about, who say that Washington watched from It soiue not too clearly dctiucd military operations. One of the best preserved of Wash ington council chambers Is that in the old Carl.vle bouse, in Alexandria, waere he met Uraddocr. the Colonial Cove • • a'td Ben 1 rs~ kllu. before I" I »AKMINOT<>N srol'l'lSH A KLKKINU HBU IUKMT AT MOMUOI'TR. the fatal march to Fori Umpiesue. I The t'ralg house, In Cambridge, louv occupied by the poet Longfellow, and I »tlll unchanged, was Wu*>liiiutoii.i I hoioe dutlug the siege of lin-toa. The olie <l > «iliell b. .1 '» no I II S ! of ti.» uvcupttucy I* knui which beats his name. No one lived in Washington until after the (loath of tho General. By courtesy of Fernando Jones, th» Chicago Tiroes-Herald presents a re production of"Washington and His Horse," made front a sketch by .Toliu "WASHINGTON AND HIS HORSE." Trumbull, which is owned by Mr. Jones. No other artist enjoyed the op portunlties of Trumbull as the portray er of Washington, the warrior. As aid-de-cnnip he was familiar with his appearance iu the prime of his life, its most exciting era, Washington's char acter as it pervaded the camp, the bat tlefield, the council chamber. The most spirited portrait of Washington that exists—the only reflection of him as a soldier in his mature years v\ orthy o? the name, drawn from life—is Trumbull's. The Boonktioro Monument. The Boonsboro (Mil.) Times says: "The present dilapidated condition of our Washington Monument, located on the mouutulu east of here. In so short a time, too. after Its rebuilding In 1883, together with Its perennial his toric Interest to our people aud par ticularly to the younger generation, is our apology for this extended notice of It at this time This uiouuuieut. the tirst erected by Ills country to \\ asiiingtou. is a lasting testimony to the patriotism aud public spirit of the curly residents of Kuonsboro ami vicinity. We s-i.v lasting, for though it is the second time in decay. It Is, we know, as certain to lie rebuilt again as that lis foundations are HI 111 there. At some future day. we trust not fill' distant, we hope our community wlil lie alive to Its duly to this historic pile ami undertake again Us restoration The monument was built by the peopl of ltooasboro, and dedicated July i, IVJ7." Missing ' InW- in Witklititgtttii'k History. Notwithstanding so much lias been written *>l VVushiugtou none ol' hi* j biographers have been üble to Itx au thoritatively I In- place where his wed tlllig took place. Tile marriage of lhe foremost young \ Irgllihill to the Widow t'usiU was doubtless the most brilliant ceremonial thai bad beeu held iu lhe eolouies up to that date It Is graphically described in the Ladies' Home Journal. Contemporaneous ctiroulclers set-ill to have left uo other detail of the wedding unrecorded There are even minute descriptions of tiie cost utiles Imported from Loudon of the bride and groom, of the bridal party, ami of the couch aud six In vvlibit the brltle lode ui'icr the cere mony. wlih the groom following on Ills favorite charger. Kvcryilnug appar ••litl.v is ktit down except lhe place win-re the luarrbige was perform id, but nut a word lo show whether the ceremony took place iu church or a' lite biidc» home. AUNT 'PHEMY OF MOUNT VERNON Sit* Besides nn Ancient room at Wash ington's Oltt Home. One of the most interesting figures at Mount Vernon is Aunt Ruphemla- Aunt Themy, as she is usually called —an old colored retainer, who nits be side an ancient loom or a spinning wheel of the last century and furnishes a picture that is sketched as often as any scene about the place. Sbo is a striking character, a tall, spare, straight figure and ebony faee, with expressive features, and when she sits at the loom with a white turban, a checked gingham apron, one would think that time had slipped back a century. Visitors ask many questions, and if they are respectful she replies with dignity and intelligence, but she is too important a personage to be trifled with. "I'se sixt' eight, yais'm," the quiver ing voice has replied for a dozen years, whenever her age is asked, "I'se sixt* eight. I'se beeu dallcut all my life, yais'm.'' Aunt 'Pheiny has been a spinner and a weaver all her life, and knows her AUNT 'PBSITT AT HER SPINNING WHEEL. business, although her age is begin ning to affect her speed and skill. She devotes most of her time to weaving rag carpets, and several of the rooms at Mount Vernon are carpeted with her handiwork. The loom she uses is a large clumsy machine, standing in one of the little outbuildings, the same AUNT "rHEMT WEAVING RAG CARrET AT MOUNT VERNON. that in Washington's time was use| for spinning aud weaving purposes, and about two years ago was restored by contributions from the school chil dren of St. Paul. The loom itself is believed to have occupied in Washing ton's time the very place where it now stands, but when Augustine Washing ton died the spinning wheel and other appurtenances were sold to the late Beu: Perley Popre. who carried it to his quaint and historic home at Indian 4-lill, Mass., wher.» he had a large col lection of colonial relics. After bis death the collection was transferred to Mouut Vernon. , An Odd Itreantpln. Mrs. Helen S. I num. of Philadelph'n, claims to be the owner of the only relic from George Washington's cof fin. It is a piece of redwood, highly polished and set in a gold lireastpit:. When the remains of Washington were removed to Mount Vernon from their first resting place this bit of wood was chipped oft the cottin acci dentally. Mrs. Dunn received the relic from her father, John Struthers, who gave the United States the marble sarcophagus in which Washington's liod.v now rests. John Lawrence, the then only surviving member of Wash ington's family, gave the bit of wood to Mr. Struthers. It now rests beside the trowel that was used iu cementing the sarcophagus, iu a treasured case which also couiaius a small lo<.-k *•' Washington's hair. W«»liln£tou't Flour Mill. • * ' Flour ground by Washington in his mill it Mount Vernou was famous lii its day. 'lhe mill still stands, hut it has lout; ai;o failcu into disuse, and visitors are forbidden lt> enter on ae count of the unsafe condition of lhi> building. A Whlta I 11. As the boy wit being led to the woodshed he was much uioved by the loud laineuiaHoii* of Ills father. "Father." he said, with a quavering voice, "ilils is going lo hurt inc more ilmu It i» going to hurt yuu!" of course this was uoi true. It WHS oil" of those noble lies whic'l love |i.niiiiil* ntaulliud lo lell. —iJetudl .luii. in: I, SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. The fuse wire used in electric light ing systems and trolley cars is a com position of lead and bismuth. The proportions are varied somewhat to alter the hardness of the wire. It is asserted that the electric fur nace has been adapted to glass manu facture. The raw materials are fed through a funnel to an electric arc in the highest part of the furnace. After being reduced to a molten condition it is successively passed between two other electric arcs lower down in the furnace, finally issuing in a purified condition. Drs. Mactayden and Rowland in their experiments on the influence of low temperatures on bacteria have found that though a certain degree ot heat is destructive to bacteria they flourish vigorously and show no alter ation in their appearance after being subjected to the very low temperatures attained by the use of liquid air and liquid hydrogen, even though exposed to them for a week. The selection of micro-organisms experimented on in cluded germs of typhoid, cholera and diphtheria. An interesting exploration of Laka Tanganyika and the country north of it. finished recently, revealed the fact that while certain sea mollusks are found in the lake, it the the only one of all the large African lakes in which such phenomena are observed. This lake is only a short distance, some 80 miles, from the great Congo basin, much of which, without doubt, was once covered by the sea. The halolim nic fauna appeared to extend into tho Congo valley, and it is believed that the lake at one time extended consid erably to the west. Lake Nyassa, on the other hand, has every character istic of a fresh water lake, and the geo logical fauna does not indicate that this lake is of any great age. The discovery has just been made that camphor, known only as a vege table product, or made synthetically, is produced by a small worm-like crea ture known as a diplopod with the scientific name of polyzoninium rosal bium. The animal is found in this country, and by careful examination it has been found that the substance which gives the odor of camphor is a milky fluid which is exuded from the dorsal pores. This fluid, in addition to possessing the odor of camphor, has a similar taste. Enough of the camphor has not as yet been obtained for chem ical analysis, but it is considered a physiological substitute for the prussie acid secreted as a means of defense by a species of myriapod. The changing of certain growing flowers from red to blue on applying alum, etc., to the roots of the plants has been long known; but it has re mained for the late systematic re searches of Minyoshi, a Japanese bot anist. to open up remarkable new pos sibilities of coloration by the florist The experimenter prepared watery ex tracts of 73 different flowers of lilac, purple and red colors, and of a num ber of red leaves, treating these solu tions in turn with acids, alkalies and salts. What seemed to be the same coloring matter in different solutions gave greatly varying results, in most cases alum turned lilac to blue, pink or deeper lilac; hydrochloric acid changed lilac or pale red to deep red, seldom producing lilac, green or brown; and caustic potash changed lilac to green, or sometimes yellow. In prac tice these color transformations should follow the application of the chemicals to the plant roots, of course in ex tremely weak solutions. VALUE OF TELEPHONE NUMBERS. Uunv Firms Toy Heavy Mileage llates to Itelain an Old ■' Hello" Address. "Telephone numbers have an actual money value," said an officer of the telephone company. "The assertion has a strange sound, but if you think for a moment of the advantage a busi ness house derives from having its location well known, tho thing seems only natural. "In the course of time people's minds begin to associate a firm with Its telephone number, and If, when they start to call up an old friend, they find masquerading under a new number, it is as much of a shock as if they hail called at a house with whom they were in the habit of doing busi ness and found it had moved away. It all comes under the legal head of "good will," a very elusive commodity, but one which has Its market value. "So much Is this fact appreciated by some of our old patrons that they are willing to pay heavy mileage, If they move away from the neighbor hood of their exchange, in order to retain their old telephone address. Many Important houses have followed the northward trend of business in the last few years, and there are sev eral cases of a Ann's office address being ill the up town district, while Its telephone number remains so and so Cortlaudt or Broad. The firm's line to the exchange may be several miles luug."—New York Mall amj Kxpress. Hut-Inn llt-lla. The manufeture of bells has for cen turies beeu carried on Iu Russia. On account of the immense number of churches throughout the empire, tho demand for bells has always been great As far back as 18SS the cele brated bell, called "Tyar Kololtol," was made. It Is the lurgest bell iu the world, being 10 feel in diameter and ID feet high No li s than 17/ loan of copper weru used lii its manufacture. THE fIREAT DESTROYER SOME STARTLING FACTS ABOUT THE VICE OF INTEMPERANCE. r r ie T.lquor Bovftiu« Tlie Piilillr 1* Watching; With Interest the Itesults #»f Hii Experiment In CIIJIN^OW—Asy« 1(11118 For Habitual Inebriates. We are proud of our taxes from liquor— we nre! Of the gains w have gathared from beer house and bar. Of the tribute we take while we sacrifice fame, <lf the profits we make from n traffic of shame: See the millions we've brought to the coffin so cold. From the manhood betrayed and the wom anhood sold: But Ave beg for clean baJIMs wherewith we may win, While we boast of our tolls from the trafllo of sin. Wc are proud of the millions! But what of the men A.nd the women who pay? They shall pay us again! We will fatten on sin, and will thrive upon vice, While we hold the State's virtue for sale at a price. The gin-shop remains with its fostering orime. And the beerhouse shall fume with its ter rible slime; They mav ruin young men, but as long as they pay We will share in their profits, their bid ding obey. To the brewers, barkeepers and waiters we B> v e The protection sf law that permits them to live; And we say to them softly, "Stay by us ami hold Dn your way. to our gain, while we garner your gold!" And we say to the pulpits—which meekly obey— "Let the party alone and the party wilt pay: I'our the Gospel of love sweetly over the pews. But the Decalogue do not widely diffuse!" We are proud of the revenue oiecords that tell Of the toll-gates maintained on the high way to hell; We delight in the leeches that suck the wnrm life Of the heart of the home, of the mother and wife; for the manhood betrayed, and the worn anhod slain, We hold up the red hands of a murderer's gain; We boast of our millions, to bribe you to sin, 5o vote us again, that again we may win; —Temperance Advocate. Glasgow's Cure For Inebriety. Glasgow nas led the way in an impor tant remedial reform. In 1898 Parliament passed the Inebriates' act. authorizing lo :al authorities to erect asylums through out the country for the reformation of criminal habitual inebriates. Nearly two veal's have elapsed since the law came into force, and with the exception of Glasgow nothing has been done in Scotland. The city coiporation recently acquired a man sion in Ayreshire with this object in view. Ujrgenti is well adapted for a reforma tory. It is isolated, being distant four miles from any town; is well drained and has a good water supply. The house is, moreover, commodious and highly situated, and the policies—extending to fifty-five acres—afford ample scope for the out-door employment, exercise and recreation of the patients. Accommodation has been provided for twenty-eight male and thirty female inmates. The work in which the female inmates will be employed will be a thorough training in household and laun dry work, sewing, knitting, etc., with out door work in the lighter forms of garden in:. and also in special cases dairy work and poultry-keeping. The male patients will be employed for a part of the day in any occupation which they may have pre viously followed, such as carpentry, shoe making, painting, etc.. for which facilities will be provided at the Homes. AH the inulo inmates will be trained in gardening or out door work. The corporation have appointed a superintendent and matron, who will be assisted by a staff of in-door and out-door officers, male and female, as the number of inmates may from time to time render necessary for tlie efficient con duct of the reformatory. The dietary in the meantime will be to some extent exper imental, but when experience has been ob tained a fixed dietary can be adopted. The Home will be managed by a committee of eighteen representatives of the town coun cil. including the Lord Provost, who will regularly visit and personally supervise the work. The public will watch with eager inter est the results of this experiment. Scarce ly a week passes but we have applications for the names and addresses of private in ebriate homes, the need for which is un questioned. Our legislators, however, hav ing made provision for part of the effects of the liquor traffic, might with advantage turn their attention to the removal of the cause of the downfall of so many bright and promising men and women. They have recognized the beneficial effect of isolation of criminal inebriates from the drink shop-; by the acquirement of man sions and grounds suitable for retreats. Obviously they must acknowledge that iso lation from the drink shops would pre- I vent many moderate drinkers becominr drunkards, ami pet-chance inmates of »u< I homes as Girgenti. For it will not be I nied that while a small percentage of | drink victims are being cured a large I lie of fresh ones are being made I titer, something must be done for j bitual drunkards who are not e | even move than for those who an are a more hopeful class, and 112 ' cause more social misery than tli temperance and social reformei fore advocate that the drink si kept from all drunkards, ruthei lew drunkards should be t tmporu irotn the drink. \nd the first su direction, under the existing lice tem. is to make it a criminal oil one involving the loss of his li. publican to sell or supply a drut intoxicating liquor Scottish K< Murder List Too lllg j A strong movement is now tated in 1-jit ill County, Kentucky prohibition. The county's recor,. years past, which is thirteen men kt>. ant! fourteen wounded, bus caused an . ar nest desire to drive whisks out. us it has been the cause of nearly .ill the killings.— Louisville Courier-Journal. The 112 i uiHild in Itrlcf. Alcohol is Satan ii| fernu ntation. Shirk no duty, discard the intoxicating cup. "Think no evil. ai|d keep outside the sa loon. The Christian people can close the sa loons. If "strong drink" is forced out, common sense walks in. Hritikh women are drifting toward gen eral drunkenness, according to the fac;« and figures developed at the recent meet lug of the Charity Ur<auuuiiuu bunel\ ol London.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers