1 THE URAI COSSACKS AND * | THEIR INTERESTINB INDUSTRY | X A Great River Given Up Entirely to the $ ® Purposes of Fishing, All Commercial {£ S Navigation Being Prohibited. S . The Ural Cossacks, who live on the boundary between European Russia and Asia, have been kuowu in Russia Ifor a long time, not only as brave sol diers ill war time, but also as peaceful fishermen, carrying on the fishing in dustry on a very largo plan and in fluite a peculiar manner. The economical importance of the fisheries for this people is so immense that it influences their whole life, not excepting the military service. The Ural Cossacks have ready for the service every year about three thou sand cavalry, and in case of war every adult may be called onto serve as a } -| l7 f. nHV* At -ft-• a, t-v i FISHING THROUGH THE ICE ON THE URAL RIVER IN WINTER. 6oldier. The entire population is about 110.000 souls. The Ural lilver is tho only large riv er that is entirely given over to the fishing industry, all sorts of commer cial navigation being absolutely for bidden from Uralsk to the Caspian Sea —330 miles—and more than that In some places, where sturgeon congre gate for their winter sojourn, no one is permitted In a boat, to make any noise or build a fire on the shore, etc. By the laws of the community sum mer fishing Is almost entirely pro hibited, for the purpose of protecting the spawn. The fish are allowed to enter the river from the sea and ser tle there quietly for the winter. All possible means are used to secure for the fish an unrestricted passage to the tipper parts of the river, but not be yond Uralsk, where a carrier is con structed across the river to keep them back. Owing to this arrangement, the low er part of the river forms a large nat ural fish pond, 330 miles in length, where the fish are carefully watched l>y a. groat many fish wardens until the regular time for fishing, which is fixed by general consent of the com munity. As a rule, one part of the river, the lower, is intended to be fished out In the fall, the other, upper, portion in winter. The fall fishing begins about the 17th of September. On a certain day, the "fishing army," as it is called, moves to the fishing places, which are sometimes very far from home. The Cossack cart 3, generally drawn by camels, contain not only nets and pro visions, but also the boat used In tills fishing. The boats are known by the name of boudara, are so light that two THE STCGEON CATCH ON TnE ÜBAL. of them may bo carried in one cart. The bomlaras are taken from the carts, and early in the appointed morning they are plae°d at the edge of the water, iglit along the river. No less than 3000 boats, each containing two men, meet on the shores. To main tain discipline, a chief, or "fishing ata man," is appointed, and several repre sentatives of the fishermen are elected to assist the chief. The ataman gives a signal to commence fishing by a can non shot, and then the crowd rush to the boats, and In less time than one <'an realize what has happened i:II the fishermen are in their boats and a peculiar kind of boat racing com mences. Various kinds of sturgeon, from thirty to <>INI pounds weight, Sander, carp, bream and silurus are the principal tlsh caught. The seiues differ, of course, in the slxe of their meshes, a to tin- fish for which they are Intended. The total catch during the fall sein ing Is froui MM i,i NM i to Tl'.< MM i.Ooi) pounds, which lucludes two hundred and sixteeu thousand pounds sturgeon and about twenty-one thousand six hundred pounds caviare. Auother large army of equal magni tude, consisting oi' carts, accompanies large number of carts, accompanies the fishing army. These carts are con tracted to carry the catch to the city markets, there being no railroad In this step|Mf. No li ss than in.iss) carts are used here. The fishing in the upper part of the Ural Itlver Is carried on In winter, under the l<-e, und that Is the most peculiar of all fisheries. U is called "bagrenle," which means "hooking," because the fishing is accomplished by a peculiar kiud of hook. When the Ice In the river becomes firm enough to support the weight of the fishing army, which generally takes place in December, an order is given for the army to meet at Uralsk, from which point the fishing is begun. On a fixed day, thousands of people, old nn;l young, hasten to the shores. The fishermen are armed with a chist?!, and two haft-hooks—the long one, wit?) a haft of seven or more fathoms, is used for catching fish in deep places on the bottom; the short one is des tined to hold the fish when it is brought to the surface of the ice. At the signal two living waves of people rush forward to the middle of the river, and the arduous work be gins, everyone trying to be the first to make a hole in the ice with a chisel. In a few minutes an entire forest of long hafts grows up over the ice. The fishermen move the haft up and down and listens intently that he may know when the fish touch the hook. Once this has happened, he hooks the fish by an alert movement, then hauls It Immediately up to the surface of the ice, calling In ike meantime for help from his fcllow-fislicrinen. They fish CARRriNG THE BOATS TO THE FISHING GROUND BY CAMEL. here usually in groups of from six to twenty men, for it is not easy work to pull up a huge sturgeon of several hundred pounds weight. In a very short time the surface becomes marked with blood und covered with big fish. The most Important lish caught in winter are different kinds of sturgeon, desired principally for the roe.—Phila delphia Record. Electric Time Alarm. When the bell of an ordinary alarm clock begins to ring the sleeper is apt to wake up sufficiently to think it will stop soon, and as he is not compelled to arise and stop ft, the result is often auother nap with Its consequent de lays throughout the day. This objec tion has led to the designing of the continuous ringing alarm, of which several are already in use. The elec tric alarm, which we show in the ac companying picture, has just been patented by Siiuon Wolf, of Essen, Germany, and has at least one novelty to recommend It It is directly con nected to the bed, and It is linposslb!« for tho sleeper to stop it until he gets up to stay. Underneath the bed Is a series of contact points, one of which is shown in the picture, the weight of the person forcing them together. A clock is used in connection with tho apparatus, and as soon as the hour of rising is indicated the remaining open ing or break in the wire Is closed, the current passing through the contact points underneath the bed and causing lli i ' KINGS UNTIL SLKLJ'JJU LEAVEN THE UEO. the bell to ring continuously until tho sin per by 'leaving the bed, breaks tho circuit. Should lie lie down again the I'lri'iilt IK again completed and the bell rings until the second rising. A Helmut For Housekeeper** Much has been done in tho way of training servants in Hughim!. and uow tin- attempt Is to be made to tralu the mistress as well. A large house has l>eeu taken at llrightou, where the art of housewifery is to be taught In all Its branches, the Idea lielUK that It Is the accomplished housekeeper who Is moat likely to secure the best sarvauta. _ , 0030000000000GOOOOOOOOOOCO IA Devastating JJDUSE | O O Q The Pea Aplila at Work Methods 3 of Dentroying It. O coooocoooococoooooooooocoS The appearance of the pea aphis, which last year attacked the peas in Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, New York. Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina and Connecticut, has called Attention to the fact that pea culture is an important Industry in the United States. The attack which the pea louse made on the growing crop last season caused a loss of about $3,000,- 000. The louse has been known only about one year, but It has established Its name as an economic pest. It ap pears suddenly and in large numbers, and soon kills the plants. The winged insect is about one-eight of an inch long, with a wing expanse of ncajiy one-quarter of an inch. It is pale green, with darker legs and long honey tubes. The female produces living young, which reach maturity in from ten to fifteen days, and in less time when the weather is hot. An observer of the pea louse writes this as to its peculiarities: "A young one born on March 4 reached maturity—the winged form on March 10, and was producing liv ing young on the 19th. From March 19 to April 17 she became the mother of 111 young, and died on the latter date. Her first young—wingless form —born on March 19 produced on March 31, or eleven days from date of birth. From March 31 to April 18 she gave birth to 120 young and died." When they are permitted <od unchecked the pest sweeps a large area in a short time, and ny large fields have been killed in a DW days. The natural enemies of the pea louse arc lady beetles and their larvae, the lace winged fly and its larvae, the syrphus fly and its young, and soldier beetles. These have been abundant in many parts of the country this year where peas had been planted, and in some parts of the country these natur al enemies have saved twenty-five per cent, of the crop. Many were also destroyed by the fungous disease, and In places where the lice have appeared the growers wish for (lamp, warm nnd sultry weather, under which conditions the fungous disease usually develops. It will not do, however, a pea grow er said, to depend too much on these natural destroyers. He recommends the use of the brush and cultivator where the peas are in rows. A destroy ing spray composed of tobacco, whale oil soap and water was used with good effect until it became known that the 6pray destroyed also a natural enemy of the pen louse. This enemy Is the syrphus worm. Tills insect's power (is an exterminator of pen lice is de monstrated in the report of an ob server to the Maryland Agricultural College. He says: "The syrphus worms feed on the lire nt a rapid rate. Yesterday we found a syrphus worm nearly full grown and 191 SYRPMUS FLY vE—? V THE DEHTKUCTIVE PEA LOUSE AND ITS ENEMIES. placed a louse within Its reach, when It was quickly devoured. We then placed a mother anil seven newly born lice clustered about her in a small vial, enclosed the syrphus worm atid fouud that by actual time the worm destroyed the seven lice lu exactly seven minutes aud the mother a little later." The writer warn pea growers not to destroy the syrphus, and 111 order to avoid all possibility of doing so to use uo spray against the pea destroyer. Wheu the lice are brushed off and the ground Is hot the little creatures arc roasted to death by the sun. A I-Ife-Having lloat. A collapsible liMiout has Just l><N"' tnveuted by a native of MwlUctiaud. The appliance lias two frames, oue of which is Inserted lu the other and plvotally mounted ou l>4>t. to turu at right angles with the outer frame. The frames are Inserted In a canvas bag lu such a manner that the operatlou or tttriiiug the frame across each other distends the cuuvas and forms a safe boat for the use of a shipwrecked pas keuger or sailor. One great advantage of this form tf life preserver Is (tint It does not oc cupy as much room when stored In large quantities as the inflated or cork circular floats, and It also affords some measure of protection from the water. jsy 'jfgft ' M - THE NEW LIFEBOAT IN USE. The opening in the top of the boat may be adjusted closely around the waist if the water is rough, thus prac tically shutting out the water from the Interior, and as the keel is weighted, the boat will maintain an upriglvt posi tion. A seat is provided for the pas senger and the boat may be propelled by a paddle, which can be placed in side the canvas cover when th'e boat is folded. —New York Mail and Ex press. A PHYSICIAN'S AUTO. Motor Vehicle Which Is a Model of Com pactness. Several motor vehicles for the use of physicians have -been placed on the market by American makers, but none of them are more compact than that shown in the accompanying illustra tion reproduced from the Horseless Age. LA TEST AMERICAN PEBION OF A GASO LINE COUPE FOB PHYSICIAN'S USE. In this aut.o-coupe, as it might be called, the doctor is completely pro tected from storms. It is a model if coziness within, soft cushions, flna upholstery and highly finished wood work combining to give it a luxurious ness which even the majority of horse drawn physicians' carriages do not possess. 111 front a box of neat design affords a large storage space, while under the seat Is additional room for the same purpose. Although the vehicle here shown Is fitted with n three and a half horse power gasoline motor, the makers of- for the option of a five horse-power en glue, which will allow of Increased passenger-carry lug capacity. A I toman Milestone. Yellaheeu workmen. In digging for a new road near Shapat, two miles east of Jerusalem, recently unearthed a MtLKSTONB FOUND NEAR JKHt'SAI.KJt. ltouillll milestone. A section of it ;•» shown In the cut. This inllllarluin was probably the second one from Jerusa lem. Tl.vy were placed at intervals of lUUO Uoinnu paces, about equivalent to our utile. Wheu a fellow refers to a girl •• a peach, the marrying clergyman may l>s JuitlOcd lu looking (or a i>«lr. DR. TALMAGHVS SERMON SUNDAY'S DISCOURSE BY THE NOTED DIVINE. Subject: Entering the Half—Kxultant Ad mission Awaltfi Those Who Have Uved For Others, Willie the Bigot and Pen urious Will Barely Squeeze Through. (Copyright 1901.1 WASHINGTON, D. C. —Tn n very novel way Dr. Talmage in his discourse describes what may he expected in the next world by those who here bend all their energies in the right direction; text. IT Peter i, 11, "For so an entrance shall be minis tered unto you abundantly." Different styles of welcome at the gate of heaven are here suggested. We all hope to enter that supernal capital through the orrace that is ready to sav: even the chief of sinners, hut. not now. No man healthy of body and mind wants togo now. The man who hurls himself out of this life is either an agnostic or is de mented. or finds life insufferable, nnd does not care where he lands. This is the best world we ever got into, and we want to stay here as long as Cod will let us stay. But when the last paore of the volume of our earth'v life is ended we want, enroll ment in heavenly citiz-nship. We want to get in casilv. We do not want to he challenged at. the gate and asked to show our passports. We do not want the gate keener in doubt as to whether we ought togo in at all. We do not want to be kept in the portico of the temple until consultation is made as to where we came from nnd who we are and whether it. is safe to admit us. lest we be a discord in the eternal harmonies or lower the spirit of heavenlv worship. When the Apostle Peter in the text addresses the people. "For so an entrance shall be administered unto you abnndantlv," he implies that some will find admission into heaven easy, ranturous and acclamatory, while others will have to squeeze through the gate, of heaven, if they get in at all. They will arrive anxious and excited and apprehen sive and wondering whether it will be "Come!" or "Oo!" The riible sneaks of such persons as "scarcely saved." and in nnother place as "saved as by fire," and in another place as escaped "hy the skin of the teeth." Carrying out the suggestion of my text. I pronose to show vou what classes of Christians will get into heaven with a hard push and those who will bound in amid salutations infinite. In the first rlass I put that man who gets into the kingdom of Cod at the close of a life all given to worldliness and sin. Years ng'> he mode the resolution (hat he would serve himself and serve the world until body, mind and soul were exhausted, nnd then, just before going out of this life, would seek (Jod and prepare to enter heaven. Ife carries out his resolution. He genuinely repents the last day or the last hour or the last minute of his life. He takes the last seat in the last car of the last train bound heavenward. His re leased and immortal spirit ascends. Not nne wing bears down toward him with a welcome. No sign of gladness at his ar rival. None there obligated to him for kindness done or alm r distributed or spir itual help administered. He will find some place to stay, but I do not envy that man his heaven. He got in, but it was not an abundant entrance. Sometimes in our pulnits we give a wrong turn to the story of the dying thief to whom Christ said: "This day shalt thou be with Me in paradise." We ought to admire the mercy r.f the Christ that pardoned him in the last hour, but do not let us admire the dying thief. When he was arrested I think his pockets were full 5f Stolen coin and the coat he had on his back was not his own. He stole right on until lie was arrested for his crimes. He repented, and through great merev arose to paradise, but he was no example to follow. What a gigantic meanness to de vote the wondrous enuipment of brain and ! nerve and muscle and bone with which we ire endowned, these miracles of sight and hearing and speech, to purposes unworthy or profane and then, through hastv re pentance at the last enter heaven. Cheat ing God all one's lifetime and then taking advantage of a bankrupt law and made free of all liabilities. I should think that some men would be ashamed to enter heaven. Again, the bigot will not have what my text calls an abundant entrance. He has his bedwarfed opinion as to s.hat all must believe and do in order to gain celestial residence. He has his creed in one pocket, ind his catechism in another pocket, and it may be a good creed and a good cate chism. but he uses them as sharp swords against those who will not accept his the ories. You must be baptized in his way or come to him through apostolic succes sion or he foreordained of eternity or you are in an awful way. He shrivels up and shrivels up and becomes more splenetic until tlie time of his departure is at hand. has enough of the fait of grace to save lim, but his entrance into heaven will be lomething worth watching. What do they vant with him in heaven, where they lave all gone into eternal catholicity, one rrand commingling of Methodists and Baptists and Episcopalians and Lutherans ind Congregationalism and Presbyterians ind a score of other denominations iust is good as any I have mentioned? They ill join in the halleluiah chorus, accompan ied by harners on their harps and trump iters on their trumpets, "Worthy is the Lamb that was slain to receive h'essing ind riches and honor and glory and pow er." Denominations of Christians on earth were necessary in order to better work ind to suit preferences, as an army must be divided into regiments, yet one army: is a neighborhood must be divided into families, though one neighborhood. Hut there is no need for such divisions in heav en, ami therefore all belong to one de nomination of sainthood. What will be the bigot's amazement when he sees seated side hv side on the hanks of the river of life Calvin and Arminins, Arch bishop Cranmer and some dissenting preacher of the gospel who never gradu ated. one who on earth was a robed and lurpliced ecclesiastic, and a backwoods minister who iu the log cabin meeting house preached in a linen duster? Among the great surprises of heaven for the bigot will he the celestial friendliness of those who on earth opposed each other in wrath iest polemics, lie will get through the gate, for he has a spark of divine grace in his heart, hut there will not be an inch of room to spare on either side of him. It will not take long for heaven to educate him into a glorious big heartedncss. Again, the penurious Christian will not have an abundant entrance. Perhans he was not converted until all his habits of tight (Wtedness were fixed beyond recov ery. The people who are generous were taught to be generous in childhood. Vou can tell from the way that boy divides the ippls vHtl Ins characteristics far gvnir osity or meanness will be for the next eighty years if he lives so long. If he eat it all himself while others look wistfullv on, he will be a Shy lock If he give half of it to some one who has no apple he will be an ordinarily generous man If he give three fourths of it to another, he will be a Itaron tlirseh or a tieoigs Pea body. For thirty years tins man has been prac (icing an economy which prided itself on never nasaing a pin without nuking it up, and if he responded at all in clmrcli would put on the collection elate so insig nificant a coin that he held Ins liana over it so that no one could discover the small MM of the denoininatin*. Koumwbere in the fifties or sixties of his life, during t revival of religion, he became a Christian He '8 very much changed in most respecta but his all absorbing acquisitiveness still influences hiin. To extract from hiin a gifi for an orphanage or a church or a pool woman who has just been burnt out is ai achievement. Cut the day is coming for that pentirioui Christian's departure from the world. H« has an awful struggle in giving up hii Government securities. The attorney wht drew his last will and testament saw how hard it was for him to leave his farm 01 his storehouse or investments, especiall) those that in the markets are called gilt edged. Those that yield only three pei cent, he easily resigns to the eare of hii executors, but those that yield eight 01 nine or ten per cent., how cm lie give them up while the market is still rising: Bolstered up in bed. knowing be has got to sign it, he reads the document over and over again, anil then, with a manner that seems to say, "Well, if I must 1 must." he signs his name to that surrender of hif last farthing of earthly possessions. lit enters heaven, but he has not an abundanl entrance. But lliat brings me to the other thought of my text, that there are those who will when they leave this life bound into heaven amid salutations infinite. "For an entrance shall be administered unto you abundantly." Such exaltant admission will await those who enter heaven after on earth living a life for others and with out reference to conspieuity. 1 asked the manager of an insane asy lum in Kentucky, "From what class of persons do you get most of your patients?" and he said, "From farmers' wives." I asked the same question of the manager of an insane asylum in Pennsylvania and the same question of the manager of an insane asylum in Massachusetts and got the same reply. "We have on our roll? for treatment more farmers' wives than persons coming from any other class." That answer will be a surprise to some. It was no surprise to me. Well, this man of consecrated affluence is about togo out of this world. He feels in brain and nerve the strain of the early struggles by which he won his fortune, and at sixty or seventy years collapses un der the exhaustions of the twenties and thirties of his lifetime. When the morn ing papers announce that he is gone there is excitement not only on the avenues where the mansions stand, but all through the hospitals and asylums and the homes of those' who will henceforth have no helper. Hut the excitement of sadness on earth is a very tame affair compared with the excitement of gladness in heaven. The guardian angel of that good man's life swept by his dying pillow the night be fore and on swift wing upward announced that in a few hours he would arrive, and there is a mighty stir in heaven. "He comes!" cries seraph to seraph. The King's heralds are at the gates to say. "Come, ye blessed," and souls who were saved through the churches that good man supported and hundreds who went up after being by hiin helped in theit earthly struggle will come down off their thrones and out of their palaces and through the streets to hail him into the land which they reached some time before through his Christian philanthropy. Now. that is what 1 call an abundant entrance, lou see, it is not necessary to be a failure on eartli in order to be a success in heaven. Hut 1 promise that all those who have lived for others and been truly Christian, whether on a large scale or a small scale, will have illustrious introduction into the impearled gateway. Here and there in some large family you see an attractive daughter who declines marriage that she may take care ot father and mother in old days. This is not an abstraction. I have known such. You have probably known such. There are in this world womanly souls as Dig as that. They cheerfully en dure the whimsicalities and querulousness which sometimes characterize the aged and watch nights when pneumonia is threatened and are eyes to the blind and sit in close rooms lest the septuagenarian be chilled ami count out the right number of drops at the right time. After years of filial fidelity on the part of this self sacrificing daughter the old folks go home. Now the daughter is free from marital alliance, but the damask rose in her cheek is faded, and the crow's feet have left their mask on the forehead, and the gracefulness is gone out of the figure, and the world calls her by a mean and ungallant name. But, my Lord and my God, surely Thou wilt make it up for that girl in heavenly reward! On all the banks of the river of life there is no castle of emerald and carbuncle richer than that which awaits her. Its windows look right out upon the King's park, and the white horses of the chariot are being harnessed to meet her at the gate, and if there are no others to meet her father anil mother will be there to thank her for all she did for them when their strength failed and the grasshopper became a burden, and they will say: '"My daughter, how kind you were to us even until the last! How good it is to he together in heaven! That is the King's chariot come for you. Mount and ride to your everlasting home!" Now, tnat is what I call an abundant entrance. Know right well that in whatever sta tion of life you now move, and whether your intellectual faculty be brilliant or dull, and your worldly resources opulent or poor, you may have at the gate of heaven jubilant and triumphant reception All soldiers cannot Vie Hannibals anil Marlboroughs, all admirals cannot be Du pouts and Farraguts, all authors cannot be Bacons and Southeys, neither can all Christians be l'auls and Kichard Cecils. Do your best right where you are, asking God's help, and you will not only win glo rious admission, but you will make all your life in heaven a grander aud higher life. Oh, child of God, if you had never thought of it before, I present the start ling fact that you are now deciding not only the style of your heavenly reception, but the grade of your association and en joyment of the world without end. Are you satisfied with yuurselt that you can afford to throw away raptures and ignore heavenly possibilities ami elect yourself to lower status and classify yourself amid the less efficient when you may mount a higher heaven? While 1 thus discourse 1 am aware that some have not taken the first step toward heaven, and they feel like Jacob Strawn, u ho look some ministers of the goipel on the top of his house to show Ins 112 irms, reaching in every direction as tar as eye could see. He was asked how many acres he owned, and he replied, 40,000. "How much is it worth per acre?" was asked, and he replied, "Fifty dollars, at least." "Then," said the minister, "you are worth 000,000." "Ves," said Strawn, "and 1 made it all myself." Then the nunistei said, "You have shown me these earthly poao'ssioni, and now will you look up yon der," pointing to the heavens. 'How much tlo you own up there?" and Strawn answered, with tears in his eyes. "Oh, I am afraid lam poor up there." Alas how many there are who nave acquired all earthly prosperities and advantages, but have ii' treasures in heaven. They ai> poot up there. Hut I am to ilny chiefly addressing those who are started for heaven and would ha\e them know that while we are apt to speak of a l.aiiipliicr, the founder of Ful ton street prayer meeting*, as having an abundant entrance, and I'homas Weld, and Fletcher, the glorious preachers of (lit gospel, as haxing an abundant entrance, you also, if you live and serve the Cord and fulfill your mission, whether it tie ap plauded or unknown, will have when youi work on earth is ended and you are call*' 1 to come un higher an easy, a blissful, au enrapturing, au abundant cntrtac*.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers