OQOOOOOOQOOCOCOGOOG3QCOOGO I CAMPAIGNING IN I § THE PHILIPPINES.! o o § Ambuscades Hnve Cost Americans ® ; More lCelatlvely Than Kegu- Jg Q lar Warfare. o GO3OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOGGO John T. McCutcheon, the Manila correspondent of the Chicago Record, writes us follows in regard to the progress of the war in the Philip • (Troopers deploying In order to find some insurgent sharpshooters concealed in tbe I grass along the road from Indan to Naic.) pines: The organized insurrection is practically at an end, and, therefore, the troops have to deal only with guerilla bands and outlaws. Yet in the last forty days the American forces here have lost more men, more arms and more supplies in the so called pacified districts than during any previous period of like length since tho insurrection began. If this is what guerilla warfare means, then we will need more troops some day, for the new method of fighting is proving more effective than any style that the insurgents have em ployed previously. Almost every day brings a report of some fresh ambuscade wherein small forces of our troops are attacked by a hundred or more Filipinos. Usually one or more of our men are killed, and the rest are driven away by sheer force of overwhelming numbers. Then follows a punitive expedition, but these sorties seldom find a trace of the enemy. Invariably the insurgents know the exact strength of the force they are ambushing, for they usually lie in wait for small groups of ten or fifteen men, which they permit to approach so close that their first volley kills or wounds most of them, and leaves the rest utterly demoralized. Insurgents who live within our lines, who are auiigos in the daytime and enemies at night, have been par ticularly pernicious. It is now un safe, more than ever before, to move in small numbers, even in the dis tricts which are presumably pacified Oy the presence of strong garrisons. The rank and file of the people in :he towns are in full sympathy with these marauding raids, for they never render help by word or deed which BIiINOINO IN A WOUNDED FILIPINO. will aid our troops in locating and whipping the guerilla bands, although it is certain that they are always aware of the plans and prospective move ments of these bands. Even to-day there is not a native in Manila, friendly though he may pro fess himself to be, who will breathe a word as to Aguinaldo's whereabouts, yet there are doubtless thousands who know exactly where he is, and many who doubtless are in constant com munication with him. The list of our losses by bolo men and ambushes in the occupied dis t-icts since January 1 is rather start ling. A list which I have selected from t'NiXJii) STATES CAVALRY IN PLiZA AT IKDAK—TIIE CHURCH IS IN THE CENTRE AND AN INSURGENT HOSPITAL ON THE BIGHT. Ihe files of a daily paper, and doubt less far from complete, shows that •boat forty men have bosn captured bv the insurgents in the last forty days, as many more have been killed and wounded, almost a hundred rifles and a great deal of ammunition has been lost and a big quantity of rations has fallen into the enemy's hands. Most of these depredations have oc curred in the territory whi«h we now : are supposed to hold, and all the en gagements would come under the head of ambushes and assassinations. j There is certainly a new condition of warfare confronting the troops. The time is evidently gone for big, impos ing columns to march sedately through the country, columns so big that the insurgents deem it imprudent to offer opposition. When the column has passed, they come out of the woods and fall upon the little bands of strag glers and outposts and signal corps men. From now on the guerilla methods must be met by smaller and more mo bile forces. General Lawton, with his great experience in this method of waging war, would have been quick to adjust himself to the new conditions. General Bell is pre eminently qualified for the kind of work that will now have to be done, while General Funs ton, whose Cuban experience bus fitted him well to meet the new conditions, will undoubtedly adjust his tactics to meet those of the asurgents. OUR MACABEBE SCOUTS ENTERING SAN PEDRO. Down in Negros General Smith has for some montns been engaged in the guerilla kind of fighting, and he has been able to crush it out. When a 1 drepredation was committed near or in a town on the island he promptly 1 imposed a heavy tine on the place. After doing this several times the cit izens resolved themselves into a sort of vigilance committee as a matter of financial preservation, and the depre dations ceased with startling sudden ness. The Tagalos, however, are more tenacious and vindictive in their fighting than the Visayans of Negros, and it will require the most stringent measures and vigorous pursuit to put them down. With Aguinaldo loose in the islands the work will be harder and more dangerous and much more lasting. A column of cavalry moving through the Luzon country is an extremely picturesque sight. Five or six hun dred big American horses strung out in columns of twos make a very long and imposing line, and when the troop ers wear their rough-service uniforms, as they do out here, the effect is such as would be produced by a regiment of mounted cowboys. Just behind the headquarters staff come the squadron officers—the major and hi.s staff. Behind thom ride the troop commanders, and then the first troop. Each cavalry regiment con l sists of twelve troops of 100 men each, ' the regiment being divided equally into three squadrons under the com inand of majors. Every trooper carries bis entiri outfit on his horse's back. The cav NATIVE WOMEN AND CHILDREN EXHAUST ED BY FLEEING BEFORE THE UNITED STATES CAVALRYMEN. alryman's full kit consists of a bridle, a halter, a saddle, saddlebags, blanket roll, poncho, carbine, carbine boot, lariat, picket pin, nosebag, curry comb and brush, saber, two horseshoes (fit ted to his horse), some horseshoe nails, 140 rounds of carbine ammuni tion, a Colt revolver and twenty-five rounds of pistol ammunition and a canteen. In addition to these things he has his saddlebag more or less filled with rations. When a cavalry man is mounted, with jingling spurs and blue flannel shirt, thrown open at the neck, with his felt campaign hat tipped rakishly over one eye, girt up with all his paraphernalia for the fray, he makes a very interesting total and is likely to inspire respect in those who see him. Several hundred of him, mounted on big aixteen-hand American horses, distinctively multiply the im pressiveness of the picture. A Genuine "florae Marine." Wheu war breaks oat, bringing with it a hurry call for cavalryuieu aud mounted infantry, the efforts ol recruits to master horsemanship it so short a tirno are ludicrous. To avert this a dummy horse has beer invented on which unaccustomed soldiers may practice mounting, dis mounting aud other equestrian feati which require long practice. Suet dummies are carried on trausports auc LEARNING TO RIDE HORSEBACK O BOARD SHIP. the recruits go through daily dril with them, thus learning, by the tim they reach their destination, the rudi ments of horsemanship and renderin their subsequent lessons on rea horses less awkward aud slow. Th "silent steeds" are of the averag height of the army troop horse, an the saddle and other accoutrement are of the regulation cavalry type. Sentiment and lluftlnefts. The junior partner, on the othe hand, belie red in mingling seutimen with business, and suggested thi form of advertisement: "Let Us Eat, Drink and B Merry—" Table Supply Department, Groun Floor. "For To-Morrow we Die!" Coffin and Tombstone Departmsn in Basement. "Take the Elevator." Etc., eto.—Puck. Chameleon Postal Cards. Italy is essentially the land of poo* cards. The latest postcard is ah< with various colors, so that the line ohange if the card is regarded froa different angles. The colors, more over, are made of sensitive chemica ingredients which are effected b; changes in the weather to the extoa of altering their colors. THE KIND-HEARTED CZARINA. UuasittU Kmpresa Greatly Beloved l>y Her People. The young Empress of Russia, whose newest photograph is here re produced, has, according to report, achieved an immense amount of good, not only in St. Petersburg, but in far-away Siberia. She is actively pro moting the establishment of nursing homes and of hospitals for members of her own sex and slowly but surely the Empress's influence is making for good in the higher aud more frivo lous stratum of Russian society. The Czarina holds her own among the splendidly dressed women of Europe. She has exquisite taste, and never looks to greater advantage than when in full dress. On the other band, the imperial nurseries are sim ple and unostentatious in all their ap ' poiutmeuts, and, greatly to the sor i row of their Russian attendants, the i three little grand dnchesses are noi j illowed to wear any jewelry, though ! every pin used in the imperial nurs ' ary is of pure gold, and, were it not if iro —i I H o I"M 0 ! l THE EMFIRESS . OFRUSSIA* (From tier latest photograph.) i that the Empress will not allow it, | everything else would be rvrranged for | on the same siale of luxury. The great Russian world is curious ly constituted. In Russia extremes meet, and boundless luxury is to be seen almost side by side with a depth of poverty which is not common in nuy other civilized country in the world. When a great Russian nobleman en tertains his Emperor or Empress to rpiite an informal function, lie thinks uothiug of sending to the Rivera for j several thousand dollars worth of ' fresh flowers with which to decorate che apartments through which the sovereigns must pass; and before the splendors of a Russan court ball every j;reat fuuction held in other capitals | pales into iusiguificauce. A Nursery Meat*ure. The yard measure is a new and semi-useful nursery accessory. Of j course, the baby could be measured I , ivith a common, every-day foot-rule or a tape measure, but the fastidious j I mamma thinks growth is too im- \ portaut a subject to be treated iu a j matter of fact way, and she measures Teddie's or Marjorie's inches with a j long, broad, flat piece of wood which \ has inches and feet plainly marked on ! one side and pretty pictures aud ! verses painted on the other side. Weighing Wagon. A new idea in vagon construction, applicable to those used for deliver ing articles sold by weight, as, for in stance, coal, ice, saud, etc., is to pro vide scales ou the wagon, so that, its contents can be weighed aud shown to the purchaser before unloading. Ia carrying out this scheme every ef fort has been made to induce to a minimum errors in indications, th« contact surfaces being so as not to be come easily disturbed or misplaced by the shaking or jarring of the wagoc iu use. The balancing levers ar< ' —J WAfiON WEIGIIS CONTENTS. placed on the wagon frame and so de signed that the wagon bed, with its contents, may be removed from them to the wagon frame, as soon as the scale readings are taken, thereby re moving the continual strain and wear on the balancing levers while the wagon is in use. i Telegraph Lines in Khadesla. Rhodesia's telegraph system, in cluding transcontinental line, consists of 2G35 miles of lines, with 3163 miles of wires. The police telephone sys tem consists of 251 miles of telephone. Exchanges have been opened at Salis bury and Btiluwayo. There are sixty two telegraph offices in Rhodesia. j CHILDREN'S COLUMN. J #1 The Bad Adder. Thero was a little adder who said he wouldn't add, As he sat In school one pleasant summer day; The teacher said such conduet was very, very bad, And the naughty little adder ran away. The garden gate was barred, liut he sat down In the yard. A monstrous adder standing very nigh; And the adder Climbed the ladder, At each round a-growing madder Till ho seemed to reach the sky. And I have never hoard Another single word, And of our hero not a trace I've found, But, of course, you must a lmit Up thHre he still must sit, As he never Has desceuded to the ground. And I'm sure there's nothing sadder Than to be a little adder A. sitting on a ladder's topmost round. When Xiit-Crnokitiß Waa a Cliurch Custom The modern minister likes to bave things quiet when he t«lks. It dis concerts him to hear a baby cry or a woman cough or an old man snore. If he is put out l>y such trifles as these it is interesting to con.ecttire what he would do if he were to take hold of a congregation where everybody brought nuts to crack during the sermon. Worshipers used to do this in Eng land, and even in our own states in colonial days. This disturbance was not a weekly occurrence by any means,if it had been, the poor preacher would have undoubtedly left his con gre.ation to administer spiritual con solation to suit themselves. But as it only happened once a year he was forced to endure it. This one day which was attended by such remark able license came the Sunday before Michaelmas day,and was calle.l crack nut Sunday. Nobody, no matter how pious he might bi», hesitated to avail himself of the peculiar privilege granted him, and men, women aud children came to church with their pockets stuffed with nuts, which they complacently cracked and munched during the sermon. It can be easily imagined that when forty or fifty people get to cracking nuts with all their might the noise is apt to lie something terrific, and many times the minister was hard put to it to "hear himself think." The custom, from being regarded with high favor for many years, finally came to be looked upon as a nuisance, and in the beginning of the present century the habit was suppressed, although the air of sup]>ression was attended with considerable difficulty, so firmly had the nut-cracking fever taken hold of the lancy of the people. Father of Natural History. Carl Linnaeus,the eminent Swedish naturalist, was born in Sweden in 1705. His father was a great lover of nature, and when Carl was but four years of age, he began giving him simple les sons iu botany. He taught liiiu the names of the Swedish plants and flowers that grew in their garden, and of many foreign ones also. Often, after having shown the child a peculiar plant or flower,and pointed out i!s chief characteristics, he would send him to search for another like it. In order to vary the lessons and thus make them as interesting as possible to the boy,the father would sometimes teach him to transplant, and some times ho would allow him to sow the seeds. Many times he took him to the woods for the purpose of pointing out the different kinds of trees, anil teaching him their names. When Carl was six of age, he I was taught the Latin names of the j plants aud flowers that grew about | him. He found the Latin names diffi | cult to remember, and wished to give I up trying to learn them. "Try to conquer difficulties, my son." said his father, "you know not how much of your success iu life may depend upon that little word try." Thus encouraged, the child perse vered, aud at last his botany lessons grew easier to him, and he found real pleasure iu them. While yet a youth he determined to devote himself to the study of natural history. He told his father what he wished to do, and asked that, if possible, he might be sent to the University of Upsal to prose, lite his studies. "My income is so small," his father replied, "that the most I coukl pos sibly allow you would be but §4O a vear. How could you live on that at Upsal?" "Thanks to my e.irly training," said the young man,"l will at least try to conquer difficulties." He went to the university and took I up his chosen study; but so great was his destitution while trying to finish j his education, that he often had not enough to eat His clothes after a ' time became very shabby, and ho meuded his shoes time after time with folds of brown paper. Yet he dili- i gently persevered, never once swerv- I ng from his purpose. At last he was rewarde 1 by a scholarship, which slightly increased his income, and soon afterward, hav ing attracted the notice of some of the university professors by his untiring industry, they got private pupils for him. Then the professor of botany appointed him his deputy lecturer, took him iuto his home as tutor to his children, and gave him free access to a line library aud a collection of draw ings. Encouraged beyond all expectation Linnaeus worked faithfully on, com- ! ipleted his education aud went to live ' in Stockholm. 'I here he was em- i ployed by the government to deliver I lectures on botany aud mineralogy. ' Ho wrote books on the subject that I were read aud greatly admired. His ! fame as a botanist spread throughout ! Europe,and he was styled the "Father I of Natural History." His works on botany are particularly I famed for his fc/stem of names—a sys tem by which every known plant c.iu be spoken iu two Latin words. He rose steadily in his profession, and was at length appointed professor ot botany in the University of Upsal, where, in other days he had studied as a half-clad, half-starved youth. This position in the university he filled with honor and renown for a period of 37 years. He died at the age of 71, and was buried iu the cathedral of Upsal. His death caused general mourning throughout his native land, and Gustavns 111 caused a medal to be struck expressive of the public loss, and in a speech from the throne he introduced the subject, re garding the death of Linuaeus as s national calamity. The Story of Wednesday. The story of Wednesday is the story of a Scandinavian god. His name is Woden, or as he is more often called, Odin. Wednesday used to be called Woden's day, and from that has gradually been changed into Wedcei day. Odin was the greatest of all the Scandinavian gods and is often called the All-Father. He lived in a beautiful gold and silver palace called Valhalla. Iu this palace he had a great throne, and when he was seated on that he coulc look over heaven and eai'th. But even that did not seem to bs enough for Odin, for on his shoulders he kept two lavens. They were named Hugiu and Munin. And what do you suppose was theit dutv. Every day they were obliged to fly over the world. And when they came back they had to tell all they had seen and heard. So you see there is nothing that went on that Odin did not know. Like the Romans, Odin was very i fond of gi.iug feasts. That seemed ! odd, too, for he ate nothing himself. ! All he ever took by way of refrehmeut was a driuk calle I mead. S There was another strange thing about Odin's feasts. No one could be I invited unless he had been killed in i battle. I He said they were only for heroes; but some of us think that it is possible i to be a hero without going to war. ] They always had the same thing I for dinner at these feasts, the boat j Schrimmir. This is hard for us to understand, I for wheu we have meat cooked ami I eaten that is the end of it. But though ! this animal was roasted and served up j every morning, it grew again every | night. ; To be polite they world offer some ;of the meat to Odin, but as he neve: ate it, it was given always to two wolves who lay at his feet. Do you wouder how they got their guests? In the palace of Odin lived many maidens called Valkyrior. They have beautiful horses to ride i and are armed with shields and hel mets and spears just as if they were 1 soldiers. But they are not. , Still whenever there was a battle on earth Odin sent these maidens down I to choose which men should be killed | and to bring them to him in the Val j halla. Sometimes, perhaps, you have seen | a bright light in the sky. You have | wondered what it could be for it was j quite too late for the sunset. Then you have been told that it was i the Aurora Borealis, or Northern ! Lights, and your papa i r teacher has j tried to explain to you what causes I them. If you understand you are much wiser than the Norsemen, for wheu i they used to see it, they thought it ■ was made by the light shining on the armor of these maidens as they started on their journey. Even to this day, if you should go to Denmark, or Swedefl, or Norway, 1 you would see stones covered with ! curious little letters that look like sticks. These are called Runic letters, and ! the people ouco thought they were made by Odin. Of course now they j have grown wise enough to know that j Odin never lived. Not long ago the people really had i many little sticks called Runes. Wheu they wanted to know what was about | to happen, they used to shake the ; sticks up together much as we do ; when we play jack-straws, I fancy, j They would study the sticks as they J fell, and think they formed letters and words that told what was going to happen. And yet I think their proph ecies were no more likely to come true thau these of the Roman augur. I suppose you are each thinkiug to yourself that they were very stupid to try to make words of sticks, and that you know much better thau that. To be sure you do little lads and lasses, but your parents have always been taught not to believe such things. So perhaps that is the reason you are so much wiser and more sensible than the people of long ago. The Favorite. An Apple Eater. During a visit to the south of Eng land a gentle nan was met with who related a unique and most interesting experience in dietetics. It was that for the last three years he had lived on one meal a day, and that meal was composed chiefly of apples. Further astonishment was o>oke 1 by the reply to my question as to what he drank, wheu he stated that the juices of the apples supplie 1 him with all the mois ture or drink ho needed. This, he claimed, was of the purest kind, being in reality water distilled by naturo and flavored with the pleasant aroma of the apple. He partook of the one meal about 8 o'clock iu the afternoon, eating what he felt satisfied him, the meal occupying him from 20 minutes to half an hour. He looked the pic ture of healthful manhood, and is en gaged daily in literary work.—Cham bers' Journal.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers