Where the Soldiers Who Die at Manila Are Buried. "DITCH OF THE DEAD." 00900000000900000000000000 8 STRANGEST AMONG THE 8 § PEOPLE OF THE WORLD ARE § g THE DRUSES OF SYRIA. 8 oooaoooooooooooooooooooooo Dr. Mas Oppenheim, a distinguished European scientist and scholar, re cently completed one of the most re markable journeys ever undertaken in the East. He explored little known and out of the way parts of the Holy Land. He penetrated to Damascus, which is rarely visited, and made careful observations of the life of the people now living in that ancient city. During his journey Dr. Oppenheim took a multitude of photographs show ing the daily life of the people he vis ited. These have now been devel oped and printed in the New York Herald and thoy have excited much interest among scientific men in Ger many who have learned of the results of Dr. Oppenheim's journey. Dr. Oppenheim made his way with a private caravan from the Mediter ranean to the Persian Gulf. The at tention of the world is fixed upon this wide domain, for hero lies the land which Germany, England and Russia aro competing with one another to pos sess by the building of railways. To gain any real information of the peo ple inhabiting this country a man must be not merely an observer, but » linguist as well. He should under stand Turkish, Arabic, Syriao and other Oriental tongues, and Dr. Op penheim was well fitted for his task, after a residence in Egypt of several years. Landing at Beyrout he gathered his little caravan about him, and worked his way up through the Lebanon Mountains. He found a mixed mul titude inhabiting these mountains, so famous for their cedars in Bible times. The Syrians, he found, were Chris tians, but there wore any number of pects, Soman Catholic, Maronites, Jacobites, Greek Catholics and oth ers. He attributes much of the suf fering of these people to their divis ions and lack of intelligent leaders. The Jesuits and those coming from A GROUP OF DRCTSE WOMEN. the American mission at Beyrout, says Dr. Oppenheim, seemed to exert the best and deepest infiuenoe upon the poople. They are not prosperous, and as a result some ten thousand of tho men emigrate every year. Among the women, Dr. Oppenheim says, he found many remarkable for their beauty. Some European infiu INNER COURT OF DAMASCUS DWELLING. ences, especially French and German, are now being brought to bear for the development of agricultural interests and industrial arts, but with no great success as yet. Along the slopes of the Lebanon Mountains many of the wealthy merchants from Beyrout have their summer residences. A hotel built on European models was opened here in 1897. Thence the caravan went to Damas cua, the oldest city in the world, and which has been inhabited for thirty five hundred years. It is mentioned in the TellAmarna letters found in Egypt, dating from 1500 B. C., and has been inhabited ever since, and no one knows for how long before that time. Here are ruins thousands of years old. But the houses and life to-day in Damascus are most interesting and 0 THI ORUS novel to the traveler from the Wast. They exhibit a luxury and comfort little dreamed of in Western lands as exist ing in Damascus to-day. All sorts of persons, says Dr. Oppenheim, are to be encountered on the streets of this ancient town, from the Christian wom en in their white garments to the Mo- DRUSES AT DINNER. hammedun inhabitants of the harem wrapped up to the eyes. From Damascus Dr. Oppenheim set out with his caravan, consisting of ten persons besides his Ihree camel drivers, two hostlers, two Syrian ser vants and an Armenian cook, a Bed ouin and a pupil of the medical school at Beyr»ut. He "made his way through the wastes of the desert, studying as he went the Druses, whom he had found in the Lebanon distriot and scattered east of the Jordan River. These, he thinks, form probably the strangest nation in the world. The women are beautiful, the men are brave and intelligent. Their religion is very curious, being compounded of Mohammedanism mixed with some elements of Christianity. It is hard for any one to say precisely what the Druses do believe, but their life is a peculiarly simple and righteous one, Justice is done at any cost, and ahigh sense of honor is well developed. Like other Orientals, the Druses sit cross legged on the ground and help themselves at meals from large dishes placed in the centre of the group. They seem to be industrious and satis fled, although the dreams of former glories sometimes roust) them to stranga flights of patriotio fervor. Lovers of Browning will be glad to learn something about that strange people utilized by him for one of his most dramatic 'poems. The Germane assert, and hare fig ures to prove, that the efforts of their railroad to Angora and the district south of it, Koniwyah, have stimulated the people to renewed effects for the acquirement of agricultural wealth. Dr. Oppenheim's trip shows that there is room for similar work all through Syria, and he has great hopes of the time when this country will be trav ersed by railways rnnning from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gnlf. There is no donbt that the district east of the Jordon River is well adapted to the raising of wheat, and it is only because of the laok of facil ities for transportation that this dis trict has not already contributed a largo proportion of this cereal to the markets of the Orient. Driving the Carabao. The American soldier is equal to all sorts of transportation problems; but the strangest one he has yet had to meet is presented by the ordinary beast of draught in tho Philippine Islands, the water-buffalo. This ani mal is called the carabao in the Philippines, and the name (pro nounced carribow) is retained by our soldiers; but the Philippine carrabao does not differ greatly from the com mon buffalo of India, China and other Oriental countries. B. H. Little, a correspondent of the Chicago Tribune, says that the carabao is slower than a camel and more obstinate thau a mule, and has a bide "like the armor of a battleship." He "has bat one hope, bat one am bition in life, and that is to lie down in a puddlo of water with just his nose and horns stioking out." In doing this he will, if he oan, also give a bath to all the supplies loaded on the bull-cart which he is drawing. Consequently a wild commotion rales along the wagon-train when it approaches a stream which has to be forded. The soldiers, who are walk ing behind the carts as guards, lay aside their rifles, aud begin to belabor each animal and objargate him in three languages—English, Spanish and Tagalog. The Chinese drivers jump off the cart 3 and also pound the poor carabao, yelling in Chinese. As the middle of the stream is reached the excitement grows. The carabao begins to stretch his neck, and bend his knees, and grunt—sure signs that he intends to lie down. "Hi there!" yell the soldiers. "Chop-chop! Pronto! Git out of that! Seega, blame you, seega, pronto, hi there!" Possibly all this may get the cara bao over the stream without his lying down, but this is unnsual good for tune. To keep him in good trim, the DRIVING THE CARABAO. carabao must have a bath every few hoprs. Often the desire to bathe will come npon him in the middle of the night, and he will break his rope and start out across coantry in search of water. if Where the Stale Egc* Go. By saying stale eggs is meant those that are not strictly fresh or that have been preserved for a very long time. Many of the eggs that belong to this cla3s are used by bakers, not only for th/j yolks, but for the coloring matter. It is estimated that 40,000,000 are used by calico printers, and another 120,000,000 goto numerous photo graphic supply establishments, book binders, glove manufacturers and leather finishers. This estimate may be exaggerated somewhat, bat it gives an idea of the large extent to which such eggs are used. Pneumatic Cuflee Pot. A new appliance for coffee pots and other liquid dispensers has a false bottom, with a valve connecting to the main reservoir, whioh doses au tomatically when pressure is applied to an air balb, connected with the bottom, forcing the liquid through tho spout. SEQUOYAH TO HAVE A MONUMENT. Honor to the Memory of the Man Who Invented the Cherokee Alphabet. The people of the Cherokee Indian nation are making preparations to ereot a monument to the memory of Sequoyah, distinguished as the man 112 **""■• ' '"* h '\ / \ / \ r\ # CHARACTERS IN CHEROKEE ALPHABET. who reduoed to a written language the spoken language of the Cherokees and invented an alphabet whioh, in appearance, is as unique as the Greek or Persian. Already funds for tho monument have been subscribed, and the people are taking it up with much interest. It is proposed to erect the monument ou the public square at Tahlequah, the capital of the Chero kee nation. There is no authentic written his tory of Sequoyah's life. Thomas L. McKinney has contributed some per sonal reminiscences, written while Sequoyah was alive. Little is known of Sequoyah outside of the work that made him famous. He led a secluded life. He came to the West in 1834 or 1835. Tho house in which he lived is still standing, seven miles north of Sequoyah courthouse. It is said that Sequoyah, in the latter years of his life, made several journeys to the far West. In 1843 he visited the Pueblos in New Mexico, where he tried to correlate their lan guage with that of the Cheyennes, and lived for several months about fifteen miles southwest of Santa Fe. Upon his return from his last journey in the West he was taken ill and died near the great bend of the Arkansas River, a few miles from the present site of Great Bend, Kan. His death ocourred in 1857 or 1858. There is regularly printed in the Cherokee language a weekly news paper, the Cherokee Advocate, at Tahlequah. The Cherokee typograph is a model of neatness and the printed pages havo an attractive appearanoe, although their contents are hidden beneath apparently indecipherable hieroglyphics. There are more than eighty separate characters in the al phabet. Many Bouan letters are used for convenience, but their sound is unlike that given in the English lan guage. D for instance is V, Ris E, T is I and W is La. A Woman'* Predicament. The Chicago Post describes the sad case of a woman who was waiting at the "limits car barn" for an Evanston avenue car. There were plenty of Evanston cars, but her transfer check was good only on the avenue line, and she was determined not to pay another fare. At last, as night approached, she went to a telephone and called up her husband. Sue told him the situation —that no Evanston avenue cars seemed to bo running, that it was get ting dark, and she was afraid. What should she do? "Why, take an Evanston car," he replied. "But I shall have to pay auother fare," she objected. "Well, what of it? You don't want to stay there, do you?" "But I can't," she said, and hesi tated. "Why not?" he asked. "Because—because, I haven't any money. I just used my last dime in the telephone to oall you up." And then she wondered at the laugh which reaohed her ears over the wire. Patented an Airship. In a new airship, designed by k Haitien, a series of fans are mounted in a cur partially supported by a gas balloon, the fans being used to drive air through adjustable pipes, whioh are adapted to turn toward any point to move the ship in the opposite diieo tion. ll,i* n lUnge of Twenty Miles. This big sixteen-inch gun has just been completed at the armory at Watervliet, N. Y. It is the biggest gun of its kind in America. The in tention is to mount this majestio piece of ordnance at Sandy Hook, to form a j part of the powerful defenses there. Without the carriage it weighs 126 tons. The projectile it uses weighs THE GREATEST GUN IN AMERICA. 2370 pounds, and it requires 1060 pounds of powder to start it on its flight. Every time the gun is fired it costs $865. The gun has a range of more than twenty miles, and to'attain the maximum range the projectile must rise to a height of nearly five miles. ...... FOR THE HOUSEWIVES. Dutch Tile. In the Dlningrooin. Blue and while papier-mache tilei, decorated with Dutch subjects—white coiffed fisher girls in wooden shoes, old men suaokiug loug pipes, women and children dancing on the seashore in quaint dress—are sold for dining room decoration. They are from five to eight inobes square, highly glazed and have all the cbanus of the Delft tiles without the weight of the latter. Framed in deep, outstanding rims of black oak these tiles are delights to the eye. TUey look particularly well below the plate ruck or shelf in the diuiugroom and against tbe green walls so much in now. The clear blue and white, set riff b.v the black frame, shows to wonderful ad vantage. Tlie Value of l*ura Air. Houses and especially bedrooms. a 1 e almost never sufficiently venti lated. A window ought to be kept opeu day and night in all livingrooms, aud especially bedrooms. If there is no Are in the room and the weather is cold, use plenty of woolen blankets, sufficient to keep warm. If need be, a gallon jug, filled with boiling water, and wrapped with many thicknesses of paper aud clothes, placed at the feet, will keep hot all nigbt. In this way one can be kept warm, and at the same time have the bedroom window wide open. See to it that no clothing is worn at night which has been used during the <lay. Let your night clothes be well aired during the day time and your day garments be wel' aired at night. Th« Art of Re<l-Mak injr. Before making up the beds see toil that the rooms have been nired. Oc a clear, sunshiny day open the win dows be ore breakfast aud strip the 1 ed, hanging the clothing over chain near the windows. Allow the room* to uir for a few hours and shake the bed clothiug free of dust. If the day is rainy do not opeu the beds while the room is airing. They will gathet moistiire if you do. On a damp day hang the bedding to air in the rooms with the windows closed, make up the beds and air the rooms again after the beds have been made up. The most important part of the bed making is to get the sheets properlj adjusted. Wrinkles in a sheet are ttr. abomination. Tho bottom sheet should be tucked in securely at the top sc that it cannot be jerked down by th« restlessness of the sleeper. The top sheet should be tucked in tightly at the bottom so that it canno* easily be drawn out of place. It should be laid with the wide heir at the top and the rongh side of the hem turned uppermost, so that whet it is folded back over the coverlet th» right side will be exposed. fN»uv«nlent Hroom Dusters. There are trials enough that the housewife must endure without at teinptiug to dust ceilings aud side walls with a broom around which $ cloth is piuned. Not that the dixstina is unnecessary, but that a set of can ton flannel ra's.jnst fitting the broom, with a shir-string in the top to tie securely around the handle,can easily be made. When these broom lings are to be prepared for gifts (and there are few offerings that will prove more acceptable to a busy housewife than these small conveniences) they may be made really pretty by having the cloth portion only half depth, and embroidering some simple design in wash cotton or linen upon it, and crocheting the upper half of white cottou or yarn to correspond with the color used in the embroidery. Crochet it in simple open work, with a small border at the top aud a shir string tipped with little tassels run in near the edge. Kecinea. Onion and Egg Salad—Slice alter nately in a dish har.l boiled eggs aud onion, about one large onion to three eggs aud season eaoli layer with salt, sugar, pepper and vinegar. This is a simple, appetizing aud cheap salad. Chocolate Meringue—Put thiee ta blespoonfuls of grated chocolate aud one pint of milk into a granite sauce pan and stir until well blended. When it is scalding hot add tw.i tablespoon fuls of cornstarch dissolved in a little cold milk and stir until it thickens, then add the yolks of two eggs beateu with two tcaspoonfuls of powdered sugar. Muffins Baked on th« Griddle.—Rub two teaspoonfuls of butter iuto one cupful of flour. Add two level tea spoonfuls of baking powder aud one quarter of a teaspoonful of salt and one-half cup of water. Place muffin rings on a hot griddle. Fill them hall full with the batter. Let them cook slowly, and when brown ou one side turn them and brown the other. Re move, split and butter them while very hot Coffee Sponge.—Beat together s half cupful of sugar aud the yolks ol three eggs. Add to them slowly twe cupfuls of hot milk. Cook this mix ture in a double boiler until it thick ens. llomove from tbe tire and add t> half box of gelatine that has soaked for one hour in a cup ill of strong coffee. Pour into a bo\Vl, aud when it bogins to set fold in carefully one cup of cream that has beeu whipped stiff. Place ou the ice aud serve very cold. Caramel Custard.—Melt and stir orie-half cup sugar in au omelet pan ; when light brown, add two table t-poons water, and stir it into one quart scalded milk. Add six eggs beateu slightly- one-half teaspoon salt aud one teaspoon vanilla. Strain it into a buttered mould, placed in a pan of warm water, and bake 30 minutes or till firm. When cool, turn out nud pour caramel sauce over it. For the sauce, melt another half-cup sugar aud when brown add half-cup boiliug water and simmer ten minutes. THE GREAT DESTROYER SOME STARTLING FACTS ABOUI THE VICE OF INTEMPERANCE. Cnni'i Poisoned Bo wl—lnebrlacjr In a Dlt ease Wlilcli Hestroys All That la Good In Life—The Train of Horror* It Bring* —Maudlin Itemorse. Hnt dnsh to tbe earth the poison bovrl. And seek It not again— It hath n madness for the soul— A scorching for tbe brain. Tbe curses and the plagues of hell Are flushing on its brim— Woe to the victim of its npell. There Is no hope for him. —John a. Whlttier- The Drunkard's Progress. Tho really good fellow Is convivial when lie is sober, writes Professor David Starr Jordan, in the New York Independent. It is a poor kind of good-fellowship which cannot be found till it is saturated with drink. Men who drink in saloons do so for the most part for tbe wrench on tbe uer vous system. They drink to forget. They drink to be happy, tbey drink to be drunk. Sometimes it is a periodical attack of mad ness, the disease of inebrlaay. Sometimes it Is chronic thrist, which ts likewise a dis ease. It is a disease which destroys the soundness of life; whicli destroys accuracy of thought and action; which destroys wis dom and virtue; which destroys faith nnd hope nnd love. It brings a train of subjec tive horrors, which the terrified brain can not interpret, and which we call delirium tremens, the tremendous madness. This Is mania, indeed, but every act which in jures the faithfulness of the nervous sys tem is a step long or short in this direc tion. A young man with money and ambition starts out to enjoy life. He Is "Hall fellow well met," "afraid of no man,"and "no body's enemy but bis own." He frequents the clubs, be plays the races, and he is with tbe gayest in all gay company. He thinks well of himself; he has a good time, anil he knows no reason why others should Dot think well of him. This goes on for a year or two, when the pace begins to prove too rapid. The "difference in the morning" becomes disagreeable. It interferes with business, it spoils pleasuro. The only thing to do is togo still faster. Tbe race down the cooktall route helps to forget. Suddenly the man gets sight of himself. Ho catches bis face In the glass. He sees himself as others see btm. Instead of "tho jolly good fellow, which nobody can deny," he gets tbe glimpse of a useless, helpless sot. He sees a man who bns spent his substance, has disgraced bis name, has ruined his home, has broken the heart of his wife, has beggared hl3 children, has lost the respect of others, and the respect of himself. This is the shockl When it has come he is henceforth good for noth ing, for there Is no virtue in maudlin re morse; no hope in alcoholic repentance. There is nothing that cnn save him but to stop, and it takes something of manhood to do this. Such tears of remorse are not "tears from the depths of some divine despair." They arise rather from the fact that ulco bol Irritates the lachrymal glands. A prominent lawyer of Boston once told me that the great Impulse to total absti nence came to him when a young mau from hearing bis fellow lawyers talking af ter dluners at the club. The most vital of their clients' buslucss were made fmblla property when their tongues were oosened by wine. The time will come when the only opening for the umbltious man of intemperate habits will bo In poll tics. It Is rapidly becoming so now. Pri vate employers dare not trust their busi ness to the man who drinks. Tne great corporations dare not. He Is not wanted on the railroads. The steamship lines long since cast him ofT. The banks dare not uso blm. He caunot keep accounts. Only the people, long suffering und gener ous, remain as his resource. F.>rthls rea son municipal government Is his specialty; nnd while tho patience of the people lasts our cities will breed scandals as naturally as cur swamps breed malaria. Stop Treating, Stella Maris, the monthly parish paper of St. Francis de Sales Church, Charles town, had some excellent tcmpurauce doc trine in a recent Issue. Here Is what it says about that foolish custom of "treat ing," whicli we have so often condemned in these columns: "'Treating' is a curse. Many of our young men think that thoy will be con sidered mean if tliey don't take their turn nt treating. Tills is a barroom lie— an I lea originated by old topers and drunk- A. ds who hope in this way to get drunk cheaply. "Don't go with fellows who have the habit of treating; they are tho teachers of drunkenness. The road from treating to drunkenness is straight; there is no re treating. "Self-respect is not learned in a bar room. You don't find tho cream of man hood before the bars of liquor saloons; you find tuero the dregs of humanity, A self-respecting mau will avoid touch with such degraded manhood. Especially young Irish fellows have got Into this bad, deplorable habit of showing their gen erosity and friendship by 'treating' their friends. Generosity Is a line trait in the character; but do- not show generosity by making drunkards. We have too many or these already among our sons and fathers and brothers. "Stop treating." A llutnseller's Confession, There Is a man in New York City, the proprietor and owner of a ma;nitlcent building which he formerly used ns a sa loon, but who has retired from the ac cursed trade. He gave as the cause of his giving up the nefarious "legitimate" busi ness the following reasons: "I have sold liquor for eleven years—long enough for me to see the beginning and the end of Its evil effects. I have seen a man jauntily dash off his llrst glass of liquor in my place, nnd afterwards Mil the grave of a suicide and a drunkard. I have seeu mau nftei man, weulthy ami educated, come Into my saloon to drink and carouse, who have not now the wherewith to buy a dinner and who are miserable, drunken loafers and beggars. I can recall no less than twenty customers,worth from SIOO,OOO to $5i)0,000, who nre at present without money, home, friends, credit or employment—in short, bums. After seeing nil this, can you won der 'hat I got out of the pollutlug trafTlc?'' lleer In Japan. Miss Parmelee, n missionary to the Japanese, reported that In that country Germans hail beeu imported to teach the people bow to muko beer, and that the huge smokestacks of now breweries could now be seen from tho railroad trains rising over almost every town of the interior, und that tha llrst beer saloon had beeu started iu Tokio as she left, and was so popular that in five years she expected saloons would have extended all over the empire. The Crni'ide In Brief. The steppin' stones in front of r. saloon ain't the oues to success. The Young People's Temperance Federa tion has started <i inovemeut looking toward establishing coffee houses as substitutes for saloons in ail parts of Chicago. If organized religion could extirpate al cohol, und those thlugs which go aloug with it, nnd share It, there would be little left to be done this side of the millennium Metafcal professors in the universities and practicing physicians in Germany are push ing the fciudy of alcohol problems with a determined hand. They nre finally thor oagbl* aroused on tbe subject.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers