IARCONI, INVENTOR OF WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. | I . Professor Gnglielmo Marconi, the inventor of -wireless telegraphy, who will risit America next fall, is only twenty-five years old, but his work has already won him fame and fortune. He began experiments in Italy, and the Italian Government gladly paid him a high price for the use of his invention on war ships. Then he removed to England. He is admittedly the foremost in ventor in his line, and has been the most successful of the numerous scientific men who are working upon wireless telegraphy. His recont experiments in England, in which he sent a message without wires for a distance of thirty biles, were perfectly successful. Marconi proposed to send a message from the French to the English coast, but the French Government at first re fused. Learning, however, that the German Emperor was investigating the matter, the French Government agreed to permit Marconi to build sta tion on its soil. He says the sysitem could be operated across the Atlantic. IFUNSTON'S STIRRING CAREERp « Has Sought Adventure in Many Places jS and Has Never Shirked Danger. « A red-headed man with a low, sweet voice, is making the Twentieth Kan sas the most famous American regi ment now fighting the Filipinos. He only weighs 115 pounds, but —he can fight. More than that, he will fight. Tbe story of Brigadier-General Fred Funiiton, late Colonel of the Twenti eth Kansas, reads more like a tale from the exploits of the "White Com pany," a romance of knightly times, than a matter-of-fact relation of what a nineteenth century jayliawker has done. Funston's character as a soldier and combatant is summed up in the terse expression of one of his own men— "bottled vitriol." The Twentieth Kansas is not a regi ment composed of handsome men. As a beauty show it would go into bank ruptcy. So far as possible every man in it was selected for his ability to en dure ind fight and not with a view to his good looks. The selection of the men was largely left to Funston, and that his judgment was exceptionally good is proved by the terrible deeds his men are performing on the island of Luzon. The men are Kansas farmers, of the horny-handed type, bullwhackers from the plains, blacksmiths, city laborers, descendants not only of the old Free Soil settlers, but of the early Confed erate rangers; men who can shoot, ewim, live on air, and sing a hymn. BRIGADIER-GENERAL FREDERICK PUNSTON. . | 1 Funston fouglit in Cuba with tho Cuban army until the destruction of the Maine brought him back to his own country. He ia but thirty-three years old, yet he has engaged in twenty-three battles in Cuba and six or more in Luzon. His left arm hns been mutilated for life by a shel'. his lanss pierced by # ?»Tmw I>Y»V, h>> thigh crushed by a horse plunging during battle, his system racked by Cuban fever. He was captured by the Spaniards in Cuba and sentenced to death, but escaped While on an ex pedition to Alaska he was pitched into the Yukon Eiver and narrowly escaped drowning. Within the circumference of the arctic circle he was nearly frozen to death, and then fought pneumonia MRS. EDNA BLANKARD FUNSTON. to the very door of death. Of practi cally no physique, but five feet fo«3 inches in height, his endurance an>» escape make him one of the most re markable personages connected with the American army. Love-making and fighting are all one to the brave General Funston. He wooed and won bis pretty wife with the same vim he showed in battle. He met Miss Edna Blankard, of Oakland, Cal., a music teaoher, while in camp in Han Francisco, and married her in three weeks' time. She is with him in the Philippines, having beeu smuggled on board a transport by hoi husband in the disguise of a soldiei boy. To suffer is the lot of all those wLo primi forward, ahead of the world. { FARM AND GARDEN.I ▼T'Vf V WW'VWWW Aim in Cultivating Hoil. A farmer's aim in handling his noil to the best advantage ought to be with the idea of maintaining proper mois ture, and to cultivate oufficiently to prevent such free circulation of air as will dry out the soil, yet sufficient air should be allowed to enter the soil to permit the growth of roots. \Y lieu he gets this happy medium he has struck it. Out Door Neata. Of course in winter nests are maile in the henhouse. Hens are not apt to be broody in cold weather, and the short time the lieu is laying her daily egg does not cause vermin to breed in it. But so soon as wiirm days tempt the fowls out of doors they should be encouraged to nest outside. About this time too fowls will become broody, and it' allowed to nest iu the henhouse they will inevitably fill it with ver min. If the outdoor uest is ma3e on the ground the moisture arising from the soil will keep th 9 shell in good coudition for the chick when hatched to pick its way through. Most hens if allowed any range will steal their nests, and generally bring off a larger hatch of chicks than those for which the poultry keeper has carefully set the eggs. Beat Method* VFltli l'otntnee. My plau for the past six years has been to plant ou run-ont sward laud that is naturally well drained. Plow deeply, work the ground well with a disk harrow and follow with a spring tooth, then furrow out about five or six inches deep aud scatter iu a good handful of potato fertilizer. Kick ou some dirt aud drop on oue piece of seed and cover lightly. Hills mny be about eighteen or twenty inches apart. Begin to stir the whole surface with a light cultivator or n weeder soon as the potatoes begin to break ground. Do this as often as every week,letting the cultivator throw in a little soil each time, then go through with hand hoe, destroying all weeds aud rilling iu a little dirt, but making no high, round hill. I select best potatoes for seed, cut iuto pieces of two or three good eyes. I use ao baruyarcl dressing whatever, as it has a teudency to make potatoes scabby aud to rot. Plant as early as practicable, so tliftt tliey may make their growth early. Dig for winter use not until into September. By the above method I have nothing but smooth, sound potatoes and also a good yield.—G. B. Pierce in New- England Homestead. neduciiiK >i Trfe'ti Hud. One of the results to be gained by reducing the head of a tree or cutting back the limbs wheu it is transplanted is that it will .all'ord less surface to catch the wind, aud the tree will not be blown about or bent over before the roots get well established iu the soil. In a large proportion of apple or chards, either young or old, one can tell at a glance the direction from which conies the most prevalent high winds, as all the trees leau away from it. It is almost impossible to entirely prevent this where there is uo hill or wood to act as a windbreak to protect them, but by planting them leaning a little toward the windy point, and keeping the tops well pruned, the trouble can be lessened so that it will not amount to a deformity in the or chard. Wheu the new growth starts the branches will be thicker, and by a lit tle care in pruning, or, better still, iu rnbbiug off buds as they start, the shape of the tree can be made almost what it is desired to be, although it is not well to try to force it far out of its most natural form. An upright grower should still be upright, and a low, spreading tree should not be made to take the upright form. But they can be controlled so as not to be exagger ated specimens of their own type. Two things should be always borne iu mind when pruning or shaping the top of a tree,the convenience of spray ftig and of picking the fruit. Spray ing properly at the proper times has become or will soon become an abso lute necessity in our apple orchards, as those who do not practice it will find their fruit so much inferior to that otl'ered by those who do apray as to almost unmerchantable in the years of plenty. If it increases the produc tion of good fruit ao as to reduce prices, it may be more to tho benefit of the consumer than of the producer, but with better fruit and more care iu assortiug, handling and packing, the European demaiuV will increase more rapidly than our average production increases for many years to come, while lower prices would stimulate and increase the demand in the home market —The Cultivator. f!uU)vntln? Stveet Pe«». It would ba difficult to name a move popular annual thau the sweet pea. Its dainty form, rich and delicate col oring, delicious fragrance and great endurance, are qualities, a single one of which should insure for this (lower onr fostering love. As a source of supply for cut flowers it is unsur passed, its product being equally ap propriate for the dining room, pulpit or cemetery; anil a daily picking but iucreases the supply of blossoms. In fact, one must keep them picked if she would have the blooming seasou a protracted one, for the forming of even a few seed poils soon destroys the vitality of the plant; and it is bet ter, in the end, to bnv soed from the florist each year, thrtii to injure the crop of flowers by allowing seed pods to form. Sweet peas to attain, their highest excellence, must be plauted as soon at thtt «rro»uil nun hn work*! iu nui-iuu To wait until the soil is warm, is not ouly unnecessary, but unwise, for it invites a delay that will court injury during the summer drouth. Some advocate fall planting, and this is ad visable where the ground does not heave badly. Heeds should be sown from four to eight inches deep,accord ing to the heavy or light nature of the soil. The support can be much more firmly secured if supplied at the time of planting, before the grouud becomes hard. Wire netting forms the best support, though even brush does very well. Among the bewildering varieties now offered one may become confused, yet, after all, she canuot go far astray, for so many of them are good. If the purse is contracted, the mixed packet will be found the most economical. If some of the choice collections are chosen tljere is opportunity /or care iu securing a harmonious blendiug of colors. Thus at one end of the screeu may be grouped, the reds, pinks, etc., gradually shadiug to pure white;whilo on the other side the various shades of laveuder, blue aud pu,rple may be combined. This harmony in colors should also bs borne in mind in the arrangement of cut flowers, several stems of each color being grouped to gether,being much more pleasing than a promiscuous mixing of individual florets.—The Epitoniist. Raining a Calf Economically. I arrange to have as many of my calves come iu March as possible, though a few come later nnd some iu the fall. The first day or two they are left with the cow. After that day they are putin a large, well ventilated box stall, with plenty ot'light aud dry bedding. They nre not allowed out of doors until the weather gets pretty warm, and then ouly in the daytime, until accustomed to the change. Usually the calf sucks until live or ten days old, sometimes longer, pre ferring if practicable to teach several to drink at a time, us it is very little more work than to teach oue. As a rule it is best to let the calf go with' out one meal before trying to feed, as by so doing it is apt to give up a good many foolish uotions. A mistake is often made in feeding too much at the start and the calf becomes a sipper instead of a drinker. Another mistake is iu substituting gruel poiridgrf, hay tea or some othei sloppy mixture for new milk. It is sometimos possible to keep life in a calf ft hen fed on such a diet, but very often it dies. My experience is, that it is best to fe.-d the grain ration alou« aud the drink alone; let the calf do the mixing. I induce them to eat a ; little hay aud grain as soon as they : manifest a desire to do so. It' the calf has horns, it is a good time to kill them as soon as it gets to drinking well. If done before, its head being sore will interfere with drinking. I generally use caustic potash. It is cheap and if tfcoroughly applied is good. The trouble is it is not usually applied properly. Horn forceps may be used, or the horns al lowed to grow until the calf is ten or twelve months old, and then removed by sawing. Either way is all right and will produce a smooth head if the man has the tools and the skill to use them. As long as uew milk is fed care should be taken that each calf has the same cow's milk every time. When a substitute for whole milk is used the chauge is made very gradually at first. Just what is use lin place of whole milk depends entirely on circum stances. With me it is usually skimmed or separated milk, though sometimes it is sweet whey, butter milk or even water. The latter is used to dilute the buttermilk or as * tiller wheu only a small quantity ol uew milk is fed. My aim is to feed bulky rather than concentrated foods. This'practice tends to increase the di gestive capacity. I begin feeding separated milk by mixing a small quantity with uew milk, increasing the former as the amount of the uew milk is diminished, until in two or three weeks no uew milk is fed, but grain enough is eaten to take its place. The skimtned milk is fed cold, but uot ice cold. If warmed at all it is done by placing over hot water or by steam, never by placing directly ou the stove. One leed of overheated milk will cause an endless amount of trouble. How long skimmed milk should be fed depends largely on its cost. I pay ten cents per 100 pounds at the creamery. At that price it is a cheap feed all summer. A liberal amonut of clover or mixed hay is fed, together with a grain ration consist ing of oats or sotne feed rich in pro teiu, until the calf is turned out to pasture, a yearling.—C. P. Hnskins in Orange .ludd Farmer, Poultry Note*. Close, damp quarters will breed roup. Keep houses open as much as pos sible to insure dryness. Fresh air, exercise, green food and cut fresh bone or meat make fertile eggs. Feed less corn, barley and wheat and more oats as the weather getd warmer. Give your fowls the best of care in clean, pure water, wholesome food and dry quarters. Be on the lookout for sudden changes in the weather, and see that stock is properly protected. Be sure that there is plenty of dry dust iu the dust bath. A little tobac' co dust or slaked lime makes a good addition to the d.Jst bath, and it more effective. It does not pay to spend much time fussing and doctoring small chicks. You may keep them alive a week 01 so, but they usually die. Better kill them at the start of the sickness, and give the time and labor saved to doing better by the well chicks. HOME.LIFE OF ACUINALDP. Bla Mother, Sister and Wife Are Caring For the Ininrfent Wounded. The charaoter and life of Felipe Aguinaldo, the Filipino leader and general of the insurgents who have rebelled against the authority of the United States, are somewhat familiar to the people of this country. Aguin aldo, however, has a wife, mother and sister, to whom very little atten tion has keen directed. MOTHER OF AGUINALDO, THE FILIPINO LEADER. The insurgent leader is now about thirty years of age. He is a mestizo —that is, of mixed Spanish and native blood. He is of medium height and slender in appearance, these physical characteristics being common to the Filipino. Aguiaaldo's father was a planter in the province of Cavite. His mother has Chinese blood coursing through her veins, being the daughter of a Chinaman and a native woman. Aguinaldo's grandfather, on his father's side, was a Spaniard, who married a native woman, and hence the racial features of Aguinaldo are accounted for. Aguinaldo's mother has had littlo to do with the career of her son, for he was sent away at au early age. His mother and sister, however, have lived upon their small plantation, which produces enough for them to gain their livelihood. Miss Aguinaldo y Jamy, the sister, is small in statue, possesses au olive complexion, and is quite active physically. She helps her mother, and though she has often been woed, has not yet been won by any of her admirers. She is domestic in her tastes, has no vanity, except that commou to her sex, and is true to her friends. She is a charming Filipino damsel, and a good type of the mestizos of the islands. Of Aguinaldo's wife very little is known. She has been doing good work among the soldiers of her hus band's army in attending to the sick. She has organized a hospital corps, somewhat modelled after our Bed Cross Society, and in many ways has MISS AGUINALDO T JAMY. (Sister of the Filipino leader.) made herself useful to the army. There is a pretty story told of Aguin aldo's wooing, but how much truth there is in it it is impossible to tell During the first rebellion against Spain, wheu the Spanish soldiers were committing almost every outrage con ceivable on the Filipinos, a troop ot soldiers was sent to arrest a planter who was supposed to be aiding the rebels. Somehow Aguinaldo heard of the intended capture, and, at a great risk to himselt, went to the planter's house, informed him of his danger, aud took him and his daughter to a place of safety. While in retreat Aguinaldo's kindness to them, in many ways saving them from capture, softened tho heart of the planter's fail daughter, and Aguinaldo made love to her after the fashion of the Filipino youth, which does not differ materi ally from the fashion the wide world over. In the course of time they were married. "This," said Tuff Knutt, as he be gan his meal on tho back porcu with the quarter-seotion of pie the good womau of the house had handed out, "is tho enterin' wedge."—Chicago Tribune. oocooooooooooooccooococooo | Kalf ©oriel | 8 is Still Heathen. 1 § The Ratio Increasing Yearly. 8 ooooooooooooooocoooooooooa Now that the United States has ac quired several alien peoples in the East and in the West, and other civilized nations are reaching for their respective slices of China, that big heathen nation, the e£forts|of Christian missionaries are redoubled to convert the alien peopleß. Protestants are turning their efforts, not only toward China, but toward Cuba, Porto Rico and the Philippines, while the work of the Roman Catholics is directed to holding what has been gained in these three localities and making new con verts in China. There is plenty cf room and field for their work. The latest figures, prepared this year to show what has been done up to this end of the cen tury, show that more than half of the world is still heathen or pagan. Ac cording to thes9 figures the Protest ants constitute only 9 4-10 per cent, of the people in the world; the Roman Catholics, 14 8-10 per cent.; the Greek, Armenian and Abyssinian churches, 7 per cent., and the Jews, 4-10 of 1 per cent., making a total / pi. CHART SHOWING THE DIVISION OF THE WORLD BETWEEN RELIGIOUS AND NON-RELIGIOUS BODIES. percentage of 31 (5-10. And this is without counting those who live iu Christian countries but do not believe in any creed or goto any church. On the other hand, the Mahometans constitute 13 7-10 per cent, of the world's population, the Buddhists and Brahmins 46 2-10, and all others, pagans and heathens, 8 G-10 per cent. Leaving the Mahometans out of the question, the percentage of pagans and heathens is 54 8-10. The figures on which these per ceutages are based assume that the population of the world is 1,452,000,- 000. made up of 137,000,000 Protest ants, 216,000,000 Roman Catholics 95,000,000 Greeks, Armenians ana Abyssinians, 672,000,000 Buddhistp and Brahmins, 200,000,000 Mahomet tans, 7,000,000 Jews and 125,000,000 of other creeds. The total number of Christians is 448,000,000, and the total number of others is 1,004,000,- 000. So, after a century of the most ac tive and conceited missionary effort since the beginning of the Christian era, there still are upward of 800,000,- 000 persons in the world who have not embraced the Gospel. N More striking than this even is the fact that heathenism is increasing as compared with Christianity. By natural increase of birth there are •250,000,000 more heathens in the norld to-day than there were in the beginning of this century. And they continue to increase by 3,500,000 a year. This is far beyond the increase, from year to year, in the number of converts to Christianity in heathen lands. The United States has more Catho lics than adherents of any other re ligious sect. Next come the Meth odists, and after them the Baptists. The total number of church communi cants, according to tho Baptist Year Book, is 28,443,114, which is about a third of the whole population. The greatest strength of the Catholics is in New Eiigland and New York. The Methodists and the Baptists are ■widely dispersed, their heaviest strength being in tho Southern States. The Methodists have 5,898,094 ad herents, and tho Baptists 4,479,261. CHART SHOWING MEMBERSHIP OF THE LEADING RELIGIOUS SECTS IN THE UNITED STATES. The Presbyterians are found in great est strength in New Jersey, Pennsyl vania and Ohio, and thence westward, and their churoh membership is 1,- 552,401. The Lutherans, 1,520,552, are mainly in the Northern States of the Mississippi Valley, where also the Christians are, especially. The strength of the Congregationalists (625,864) is in New England. In Western Connecticut is the heaviest strength of the Episcopalians, who al together number 688,347. The re mainder belong to scattered creeds and sects. Iron farnaoes with a capacity of 4,000,000 tons a year are idle because they aro out of date.
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