PHILADELPHIA'S EXPOSITION TO DEVELOP OUR EXPORT TRADE. The event of the year in Philadelphia will lo an export exposition. This is the first show of the sort ever held in the United fctites. It follows appropriately the expansion ol Uncle Sam's territory and the necessity which is now laid upon him of seekiug foreign trade development. Of the numerous National and International Expositions projected for the next three or four years in dif ferent parts of the United States, the one to be held in Philadelphia in September, October and November of the present year is in many respects the most important to the commercial interests of the country. The Philadelphia Exposition of 1899 is an exposition for the development of American manufactures and the expansion of our export trade, and it will be the first national exposition of that character ever held in this country. Of reoent years, expositions of goods suitable for export have been held at frequent intervals in the great manufacturing countries of Europe, attracting foreign buyers and greatly aiding export trade. It is the purpose to exhibit at next fall's Exposition every line of manufactured products of the United States especially suitable for ex port. Such exhibits will form the principal department of the Exposition and will comprise everything which is, can or might be exported, from locomotives and heavy machinery to the smallest novelties. The Exposition will be under the joint auspices of the Commercial Museum and the Franklin Institution of Philadelphia, and its exhibits will be confined to articles especially suitable for exports. It will open in September and continue through November. The main group of buildings, covering at least 200,000 square feet of Exposition space, will be on the west side of the Schuylkill River, fifteen minutes's ride from the City Hall. Besides this there will be smaller buildings foa agricultural machinery, locomotives, railway and street cars and plenty of space for a subdued Philadelphia Midway. Mr. P. A. B. Widener, the street car man, is President of the Exposition Association, and the directors in clude many well-known Philadelphia business men. In October a commercial congress will be held in the assembly rooms of the Exposition Buildings, which will be attended by delegates from the leading Chambers of Commerce of the world. Probably eight hundred representa tives of foreign firms will attend its sessions. The department of manufactured products of the United States will occupy four-fifths of the Exposition space, and will show everything from locomotive and stationary engines to the smallest "Yankee notions." An important part of the Exposition will be the exhibit showing how goods must be put up in packages of con venient size, shape and weight to be transported upon mule back in countries where there are no wagon? or railways. cooooooooooooooooooocoocog lIHE PEACE CONFERENCE § | II IHE HAGUE. | ooooooooooooocoooooooooooo The building in The Hague which Queen Wilhelmina, of Holland, has placed at the disposal of the Czar's Peace Conference is her palace known as the "Huis ten Bosch" ("House in the Wood"). The Orange Room has been selected for the sittings of the members of the conference. It is a great room, lighted by a glass cupola fifty feet above the floor. There will be three sections to the conference, each with a task of its own. The general subject will be di- EARON DE STAAL, PRESIDENT OF DIS ARMAMENT CONFERENCE. vided into three parts. The first will touch the question of disarmament, that is, to what extent the armies shall be reduced. Questions concerning international arbitration will be de cided by the second, while all ger mane questions will be dealt with by the third. The palace itself is artistically in teresting. It was built in 1047 by the Princess Amelie de Solmi, widow of Prince Henri Frederic, of Orange. Paintings in the Orange Room are by such great artists as Levens, Jordaens and Van Thulden. There is an alle gorical picture representing his victory over wicked temptations. There is a Chinese and a Japanese room, with rarest works of art in them. The walls of the dining room are decorated by De Wit with scenes from mythology. Among the people who will be pres ent at the conference, though not as a delegate, is the Baroness von Suttner. She is the author of a novel with the title "Lay Down Your Arms." This book is said tD have had great in fluence with the Czar in issuing his Peace rescript. It is said, moreover, to have been the greatest single force with him to that end. It ran through a dozen editions on the continent, and the men of the military or>untries were thoroughly familiar with ii, strangely, before it could find an Engi:sh trans lator or a publisher in England. THE CZAR'S PEA.CE CONFERENCE TO BE HELD HERE, lit ia Queen Wllheitnina's "House In the Wood," and was built in 1647. It is a palace full ot historic associations. | • Her Majesty Queen Wilhelmina and the Queen Dowager are now on a Continental tonr. They will return to The Hague to recei.ro the Peace Conference, ultimately leaving for I o, where they will entertain the C fereuce twice, at a dinner and a ga ?n party. Lhe Rotterdam Peace Committee has obtained in a fortnight 15,000 sig natures to a peace petition. Baron de Staal, Russian Ambassa bas3ador to England, who is to pre side over the international disarma ment conference at The Hague, will be assisted by Professor F. de Martens, the Russian privy councillor. Pro fessor de Martens is the permanent member of the foreign affairs ministry and one of the arbiters in the Venezu ela boundary dispute. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland is represented by Sir Julian Paunce fote, the British Ambassador to the United States. soia* yes* iTRIPLEMTS I WITH LIQUID AIR. j The boundless possibilities of the twentieth century through an unlim ited and cheap supply of power to do the work of the world were suggested when Professor Charles E. Tripler, of New York, gave an exhibition of his experi ments with liquid air before the Na tional Geographic Society at the Arl ington, in Washington. These ex periments, when made, filled the com pany with wonder and seemed to set all preconceived notions regarding heat and cold, aside in the light of knowledge that has been acquired of late years, and which is rapidly being so perfected as to revolutionize present methods of doing many things, if the expectations now entertained in regard to them Jshall be eventually realized. Mr. Tripler began his exhibition by CHkRLES E. TRIPLER. dipping a pan of liquid air from the reservoir. It boiled and steamed away as water from the tire, yet it was cold and not heat that was creating the commotion. Spilled to the floor, it lauded with a heavy sound, like the striking of mercury, and yet in a mo ment it had turned to air, and was be ing breathed by the peopla who had I just se jn it fall in a solid state. Cup- fuls of the liquid were passed around. Fingers passed through the substance gave a sensation similar to passing through heavy vapor, yet there was the heavy liquid, as clear a3 water, with n vapor arising from it-. If passed through the liquid rapidly the hand experienced no intensity of cold, but if allowed to remain there a few seconds an icy chill would be experienced, and more extended contact would freeze the flesh and bones, until they could be broken up with a hammer, as a brittle stone would be crushed. The experiment of making ice over a fire was perhaps the most strikingly illustrative of the power of liquid air. Mr. Tripler took a kettle, filled it with the liquid, and it began to boil. He placed it on a gas stove s<j that the flame could play upon the bottom of ICE ON a KETTLE OP LIQUID AIR OVER A OAS STOVE. the vessel. The heat but intensified the cold, as it accelerated the liquid in turning into gas. Ice water poured into this kettle still further increased the process, for it was comparatively hot water. The kettle boiled and sent a stream of steam aloft to a dis tance of six or eight feet. No house keeper has ever seen her kettle boil so. All this time the water was being frozen within the kettle and beneath it in the flame was a covering of frost. It was 110 ordinary ice, either, for, later, on being allowed to rest on the table and passed around, the intens ity of its freezing kept it firm a long time, in spite of the heat of the room. The concluding test was in some re spects a most wonderful one. Mr. Tripler placed liquid air in a deep tin cup, lowered it in a jar of water and soon had a thick coating of ice on it. The liquid air turned into gas. He put ice water in the cup to relieve the hold of the ice on the tin cup, and when removed he had a cup of ice. This ice cup in turn he filled with liquid air, and then lowered a piece of carbon in it. A bright light was the result, showing through the ice glass as an arc light through a globe. The carbon was burning with a heat of 3000 degrees above zero, and it was burning emersed in a liquid with a temperature of 340 degrees below zero, and yet the experimenter held the cup in one hand and the end of the carbon in the other, the intense cold preventing danger from heat so great as to be beyond the power of the mind to comprehend it. The Joke on I'apa. It is told of a learned professor of languages in an English university that on one first of April he was nsked to bring home several things from the druggist's. He carefully made a mem orandum of the articles so that he might not forget-, and was putting hie list in his pocket when his saucy young daughter .said, quite coolly, "Papa, will you bring me a penny worth oi evaporated pigeon's milk?" "Cer tainly, my dear," was his reply, as he carefully noted it down, and doubtless he would have asked the druggist foi it had not one of the children laughed. That caused him to look at the entry, aud he, too, laughed. "You caught me that time, my dear," he said, pat ting his daughter's curly head. The per capita cost of maintaining convicts at the Michigan prison is 38j cents a day, and the average dailj earnings are 35 i cents. BISMARCK'S TOMB. Barcojilmgiu in Whloli the Remain* of the German Frlnee Will licit. With the single exception of Bis marck's Autobiography, the greatest success ever achieved by any publica tion in Geimany -was a pamphlet by Professor Qnidde, entitled "Caligu la." This pamphlet had, however, from a publisher's point of view, everything in its favor. Its very title savored of the sensational, and the German-reading public knew before haud that "Caligula" was in reality a comparison of the insane Roman Em peror with the present Kaiser. Put on stile at the extremely low price of ten cents, it took the pamph let eighteen months to sell 50"0,000 copies. To know how far, comparatively speaking, the sale of Bismarck ex ceeds that of "Caligula," it is only necessary to know that 318,000 copies of the former had been ordered before the book was published. The fact, too, that the price of the Iron Chan cellor's autobiography was twenty marks, or nearly fifty times the cost of "Caligula," makes the comparison all the more striking. When a German parts with twenty marks he wants a run for liis money, and also must know all there is to know about a book before he buys it. It is self-evident, then, that the German people have accepted Dismarck's story as the only true and adequate expression of the Iron Chancellor and his influence on European history. It is interesting also to notice its reception in other countries. The rights in the United SARCOPHAOUB FOB OTTO VON BISMARCK. B/ Courtesy of H*rrar A Brothers. States were secured by Harper & Brothers, and the book throughout America is considered the most valua ble contribution to European history that has been made for many a day. In England it has also had a sale com mensurate with its importance. An other fact of especial interest about this book is that although it was pub lished on November 29th, it has al ready appeared in five different lan guages. France did not express much approbation over the autobiography of Prince Bismarck. It contained too many references to Sedan, to Grave lotte and to the siege of Paris for her tender sensibilities. Russian sensi bilities have proved still more tender, and the Imperial Press Censor has re fused Russian booksellers permission to plasethe work on sale. There are many subjects which Bismarck treats with a plain-spokenness that is most painful to the delicately organized ear of the Russian; for instance, Bis marck speaks of the murder of the Czar Paul; the Russians speak of it always as the "sudden demise." It is indeed unfortunate that the Iron Chancellor did not live to enjoy the success of his book. It is a sure sign that throughout his misfortunes, throughout the bitter years of his old age, his people still believed in him. It is to Bismarck's credit that his au tobiography is neither pettish nor pes simistic, and it is safe to say that the best monument to his memory will be half a million copies of his book in as many German homes, and as many more copies scattered throughout the world. A man who has such a monu ment need care but little what marble mausoleums are raised above his ashes, or in what sarcophagus he sleeps. Our illustration shows the sarcophagus of Prince Bismarck, which lately arrived at Friedrichruh, aud which has been placed in the newly built mausoleum. It is made of pink marble from the designs of Herr Schurbach, of Hanover, and is in the strictly Roman style. Its dimen sions are ten feet long, five broad and fifty-one and three-quarter inches high. Rigging For Trotters. The multitude of appliauces brought into use from year to year for the pur pose of improving the speed of the trotting horse surprises the man who remains away from the harness-racing courses for a few seasons, and thevet- THB PACEB EXPLOIT, Rigged with Chin Cheek, Two-Minute Harness, Rein Holders, Gaiting Pole, Hopples, Knee Boots, Shin Boots, Quar ter Boots and Ankle Boots. eran who saw Lady Suffolk. Flora Temple and other champions in the early days of the sport is reminded that this is the age of invention. Toe weights are by far the most common of all artificial appliances used to improve and oorrect defeotive action in the trotting horse. They are used for a multitude of different purposes. |FOR FARM AMD GARDEN^ Why Varietle» of Grain Run Out, The horticulturist of the Michigan itatiou claims that one of the princi pal reasons why varieties of grain run >ut is probably that oats, wheat and aarley are being continually inbred in aatnre, aud the result is that, like tnimals, their vigor and productive ness decrease, unless the seed be very jarefully selected each season, which s not often done. The different va rieties of wheat, bai ley,oats and pease probably never cross naturally in the deld. The flowers are so protected '.hat it is next to impossible for foreign aollen to reach them; hence, if new alood is to be iufused into a variety it must be done by artificial cross fer tilization. This cannot be done until he head is carefully examined, the 3ower found, and the male aud female organs distinguished. Sow Plenty of Clover Seed. The farmer who would keep up aud aver be increasing the fertility of his and cannot well sow too much clover teed. As the seed is generally a rather sxpensive article it becomes an im oortaut, and in some seasons, a some what difficult problem. In general, »arly sowing is especially if the {round is heaved or honeycombed with frost, as the seed will be well jovered aud thus protected from the ate spring frosts. If sown late the {round should be harrowed, even if it sin wheat, with a light slope-toothed >r common spike-toothed harrow, as ooth the wheat and the clover seed .vill be greatly benefited by the oper itiou. Sow plenty of seed—ten pounds ;o the acre is not too much, and if you Jo not harrow, it will pay to sow at lifferent times, some early and some ater, cross sowing it. Where clover sown last spring is nuch lifted, or "spewed." as a great ieal of it is this spring, the best treat ment is to re-seed the ground heavily with a mixture of red clover and crim son clover seed, aud sow upon it sonio good brand of commercial fertilizer at ;he rate of 200 pounds to the acre. I'his will secure a good stand aud :ause the crimson clover to mature tnd be ready to cut along with the red clover not frozen out. It will ilso bring forward the young red :lover and give it sufficient vigor aud growth to carry it through the next winter and secure a heavy crop the aext year. Wherever there is a field with spots of poor soil ou the surface, •pecial pains should be taken to so en rich them before seeding to clover as So secure a good stand and a heavy growth.—New England Homestead. Raining Turkey*. After the first laying is completed, routine the turkey hen in a clean place with plenty of food and fresh water. In a short time she will for got her inclination to sit and be ready for another laying. Some successful breeders have their turkeys lay three tunes during the summer and allow them to rear the la.«t brood. For a loiamou hen, niue eggs are sufficient for a sitting. Throw a handful of lime or sulphur in the bottom of the nest. This will drive away mites aud t'je gray louse. As a rule turkey eggs hatch well. The first dose that my little turkeys receive is a pill in the shape of one whole black pepper. Each little mouth is forced open and the pepper pressed down. The first food for young turkeys is Dutch or cottage cheese aud their first drink the whey which is straiued from the curd. Mauy people think the making of this cheese is quite a task, but it is in reality very simple. Let the curd strain through a colander and feed a little at a time at intervals of uot more thau one aud oue-half hours. This should be their sole food for two or three days. After this the diet may be changed to stale bread, Boaked in whey or buttermilk. Boiled eggs are also valuable. The cheese, however, should be the principal food until the fowls are a month old. An addition of a little pepper aud oil cake meal is desirable. Coru meal in any form is almost sure death. The hen should be coufiued in a ;leau coop with the slats far enough apart to allow the turkeys to pass freely iu aud out. Move the coop svery day and keep everything dry, as moisture is fatal. After the gra*.s is thoroughly dry in the moruiug, turn the hens out for an hour or two each day and allow the brood to run, but they must uot be given complete lib erty until two or three weeks old. I have always thought that the delicacy of young turkeys is due in a measure to the rapidity with which feathers are grown. A young chicken retains its down for several weeks until its body is well grown, but a young turkey be gins at once to put out large feathers on its wings and tail. This enormous feather growth saps the vitality of the body aud leaves it au easy prey to weakness and disease. To overcome this tendeucy should be the aim of every breeder.—L. V. Hopkins iu The Agriculturist. Rape for Slieep. The followiug question asked by a farmer living at Whitney, Neb., was submitted to John A. Craig, professor of animal husbandly, at the lowa ag ricultural college: Will rape seed, iu this climate and locality, do well, or will it do even moderately well, that is, pay to grow for sheep feed? This locality is becoming quite a sheep country; it is an ideal stock raising country, with climate that is hard to equal. Cattle aud sheep on the open rauges all are so far in splendid shape, but one should provide feed of sonje kind for bad storms. Professor Craig's reply is as follows; "I cau hardly write very definitely as 1 am nut well acquainted wtth the cll« matic and soil conditions of Dawes county, Nebraska. I would expect, however, that rape could be grown successfully, especially if sown there early in the season so as to be well established by the time the hot and dry conditions come in the summer. There is nothing like very rich soil to enable rape to withstand very hot and dry weather. "The best plan I know or-to secure this condition is to sow the rape very much as they oftentiiaes sow turnips iu Scotland. The land is ribbed, that is, the furrows are thrown so as to face each other and make ridges, with a rather deep furrow between them. This furrow is filled with well rotted manure, and the soil is thrown back over the manure and then the rape seed is drilled on the top of the ridge, thus being directly over the manure. If sown in eurly iu the season this way it is remarkable what a rank, luxuriant growth of rape may be secured before the warm weather comes on. "If this is cut four inches above the ground an immense amount of soiling feed may be obtained. If cultivated after cutting, the rape will sprout again and grow very strong. By cut ting and cultivating in this way,l have secured three good crops, running thirty-six tons of green food per acre. "By sowing the rape 011 ridges in this way, it not only enables one tc give a crop two or three good cultiva tions while growing, but the cultivat ing after cutting also seems to be very conducive to a quick, rank growth. The rape being a very gross feeder, it seems that it cannot get tco much manure. Sown early in this way it seems to me that it could be sowed as a soiling crop for ewes and lambs, and any of the crops might be fed with profit by folding fattening lambs OP it."—Farm, Field and Fireside. Low H«H<U for Apple Tree*. I believe 1 am the first orchardist to grow low-headed apple trees iu nur sery rows, aud, in fart, so far as 1 know, the only one to grow them in that way for sale. Trees with low heads have many advantages over tall trees with long trunks. I commenced the experiment over forty years ago and have grown trees which measure sixty feet in diameter of growth and but eighteen feet in height. A large portion of the fruit can be gathered while standing on the ground and on steps,aud the balauce by using a short ladder. This makes the gath ering of the fruit much more conven ient and economical. I kuow of trees so high that it r«- quires the strength of two meu to raise a ladder long enough to reach the top. It costs more to harvest the fruit from such trees than it is worth. Again, apples which fall from such trees are spoiled, while these that drop from a low-headed tree are sel dom injured. Other advantages iu this method are that the trees are not so liable to in jury from wind storms; the roots are better seated and there is no trunk to be injured by the hot sun in summer. There are so many arguments in favor of the low-head method of training, that I am surprised that so few people adopt it. Some think that the branches are more liable to sag down to the ground, but such is not tho case. Trees that are trained high and have a long trunk will throw out their branches more horizontally than if they had started near the ground. The reason for this is, that the brauches which start out near the grouud are affected by the sun only on the upper side. The under side, beiug shaded, grows the fastest, aud causes the brauches to grow more upright. Hence, they are not as liable to get down to the ground or to break down as when trimmed higher. If they ever need to be propped up they are down where it can be easily dune. If any oue is skeptical iu regard to the reason given why brauches of the low-head are more likely to grow up; right, he cau be convinced by sawing off such a brauch, aud by seeing how much nearer the heart is to the uppe* side. He will find the growth twice as thick on the under side as on th' upper side. Hence the more upright the growth (besides the advantages enumerated above) the larger an<? finer the fruit such trees will produce. To start a low-headed tree the firs! "year's growth, graft or bud must b< cut back to four or five buds. These buds will make the top of the tree—c tree without a trnnk.—N. B. White in American Cultivator. Ponllry Note*. Sweet milk is good for chicks of any age. Guard agaiust rats among your young chicks. Weak or deformed chicks should be killed at once. Adult ducks do better if allowed 9 pond to swim in. Remove and burn all nests as sooo as brood is hatched. Geese aud ducks should never btf kept in the poultry house. Chicks do not require any food for the first twenty-four hours. Do not put kerosene ou the roost# during the hatching sensou. Nice, clean wheat straw makes the best nests for layers or setters. Do not gvease the hen when chick* are first hutched at this season. When chicks are hatched be sure ta kerp them iu a warm, dry coop. Ducks can be raised where there iff only sufficient water furdrinkiug. Keep the coops and yards clean and avoid gapes which are Bure to follow filth. Nests should Je renewed every few weeks, as tho hens seem to apDreclatc a e'eau, new nest.
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