FIGHTING THE FILIF Jog, The Good Work Done by the American Vo^J Third Battle of Manila. f eers in the Our soldiers ara walking over the Filipinos in great style. Even when righting behind entrenchments with Mausers and Remingtons they are plainly no match for the Americans. The Filipinos have the Spanish dread of a charge against an entrenched po sition. They give way in rout at the irery moment when trained soldiers, having reserved their fire, would sweep the assailants with a withering fusillade. In no other way can charging infantry be repulsed. What the Filipinos know about fighting MEN OF THE SIGNAL SERVICE. Extending the telegraph lines during the third buttle of Manila. they have learned from the Spaniards, who waste a tremendous amount of ammunition in volleys at long range and run when the enemy presses them. The chief credit for our vic tories must goto General Elwell S. Otis, whose disposition of troops at every point where they were likely to come in contact with the enemy has shown him to possess military talents of a high order. Besides feeling and engaging the enemy in the environs of Manila, he has had to police a dis affected city; in other words, to deal with an internal as well as au external foe. Vigilance has insured success. There never has been a time, either by night or day, when General Otis has not been master of the situation. May 1, 1898, August 13, 1898, Feb ruary 5, 1899—these are the dates of the three battles of Manila. The first victory was unattended with any loss to our side; the second cost about fifty men, killed or wounded; in the third the list of our casualties was live times as great as in the second. The losses suffered by Spaniards and natives on these three occasions (and the Filipinos must strictly be regard ed as subjects of Spain until Spain has ratified the treaty of peace) will never be quite accurately stated; they were probably about eleven or twelve times as severe as ours. Firing began at a quarter before nine o'clock on Saturday evening, February 4. Two native soldiers re fused to obey the order of a seutry who challenged them, as they ad vanced toward the outpost of the First Nebraska Regiment, stationed be tween Manila and Santa Mesa. The necessity of maintaining the integrity I of our lines, especially at night, has been impressed upon all by the con duct of certain Filipinos who had slipped through a week earlier and attempred to assassinate American soldiers. The Nebraska sentry again called upon Ihe two natives to halt, and, as they paid no attention to his order, levelled his rifle and tired upon them. The sequel shows that they had been sent for precisely this pur pose, to draw the sentry's fire, as part of a preconcerted plan to place the responsibility for beginning the action upon our troops, and to make America appear the aggressor. Twenty thousand Filipinos in their trenches, block-houses, and little vil lages dotting the plain evidently thought thomselves ready to drive the American lines in upon the city. They possessed several quiok-firing and Krupp field-guns; many of them were armed with Mausers of the latest pattern, and a number of Spanish sol diers had joined their ranks. About thirteen thousand of our troops were holding the positions formerly occupied by the Spaniards, midway between Manila and the bands of Filipinos north, east and south of the city. A semicircular fighting line, seventeen miles in length, was formed of the following regiments, be ginning with those stationed on Ma nila Bay north of the capital: the Twentieth Kansas, First Montana, Tenth Pennsylvania and Third Artil lery, under Brigadier-General Harri son G. Otis; the First fouth Dakota, First Colorado and First Nebraska, commanded by General Hale, sup ported by Batteries A and B of the Utah Light Artillery, nnder General McArthur, northeast to east of the city; the First California, First Idaho, First Wyoming and First Washing ton, under General King, east and southeast, near the Pasig River; the Fourth Cavalry, Fourteenth Infantry, First North Dakota Infantry and Sixtli Artillery Division, commanded by Ueneral Anderson, near the south shore of the city. Like an echo of the sentry's shot a gun was fired from Block-house No. 7, and the signal for attaoking our troops had been given. The Nebraska regi ment was made the firb. 'irget; pres ently, howsver, the flrici, spread on both sides along t I On the nortli the lifronting lines, centrating at Cal ilnos were con langin, where the - J. and at Gaga siege-guns; on"1 mounted two Mesa, the attack i. Ast, at Santa near Paco, theralO ot; southward, intention to evidence of an son's command. ~ against Ander from midnight u ll in the firing in the out four o'clock new outburst a succeeded by a line. iig the Filipino And so matti darkness lasted ood while the and light artilli American rifles sers, and it was plying to Mau when day brokf conclusive. But Concord and Charleston, the Callao opened ptured gunboat troops north oft the enemy's Monadnock sh« s iity, the monitor south; and a lit* g those on th 6 light-draught gtVVfter the captured went up the Pat, pt Layuna de Bay ling guns with >nd plied her Gat- Santa Ana. AT fible accuracy at vancing over ri« i" land forces, ad dense undergro —Jhls and through ets, in which (_jpd bamboo tbick structed intrer enemy had con natives back an i nts, pressed the of San Juan dy tured the villages San Pedro Ma", j >nte, Santa Ana, General King's Hind Santa Mesa, force of Filip.;j|,gade charged a numbers, and d 1 far superior in toward the Pa them in oonfusion many were dro 1 River, in which captured a ho The Nebraskans good position rand carried a about five mile the water works, the southeast W; of the city. On stand in the Filipinos made a building was ohurch, until the Dyer's batter; lied by Captain set on fire bio*th Artillery, and then, of those* [ifornia volunteers; in the church, pad not been killed ran out and ot ► were shot as they At noon on *jvere captured. Wiy the firing of the I UTAH'S LIGI [When the gi \RTILLEP.Y, WHICH DID SUCH GOOD WORK AT MANILA, battery supporte lighting line of our troops was formed around Manila the Utah lery was also en e advance of the two brigades on the southern (lank. The artil- j)d In a conflict with the savage Igorrote bowman.] Filipiuos slac ties," Major-C 1. "Our casual report, -'pro K.i Otis says iu his The Filipino Hy aggregate 250." Wounded F< is estimated at 4000. trenches wen'inos found in the field hospitaliiken to the American great numbernd cared for, while a iu the militarj captives were placed During tbei'ison at Manila, excitement i,"ht there was intense was mnintainfhe city, where order teers, serving by Minnesota volun- The bomb? police, holiday for thient made a Mauilan view it as a c silu ds, who flocked to water front; ous spectacle from the their securit.her citizens, hugging flags, or neut home, hung out white precaut ion, 1 flags, as an additional OOVPABAIX OF AMERICAN AND >INO >INO SOLDIERS. though it dilatory p: made ready for some dows of tbssion, but from the win can patrol very houses the Ameri of the fo;ere fired upon. Women the tranan colony were sent to though tc, s for safety, while, as women r< lace these, hundreds of the destr'-es began to arrive from of whichd villages, seven or eight nila Obsiinly visible from the Ma tered were burnt and bat again to i lest they should serve emy. Jttr the treacherous en- On Mi there w*y morning, February 6, Late iufcht firing at long range, brigade {afternoon General Hale's which 112 a position the control of took poj become indispensable; it Singalopi oll of the water-works at braska]p nr companies of the Ne tery enjd a part of the Utah bat on the lltering a force of Filipinos with a f 1 "! dispersing them, though and thil'f two Nebraskans killed of the|p un ded. Sergeant Young capturfh battery was wounded, On vurdered, and mutilated, had acfftay. February 7, our foroes north ped far enough towards the miles Jscover that Caloocan, six age dt the oity, was held with sav mination. A reconnoitrinc party, attacked by a body of Filipinos, was in great danger, whep a charge .by Kansas troops, led by Colonel Fun ston, drove the enemy behind their intrenchments with heavy loss. In AMERICAN SENTRIES IN THE PCENTA DE ESPANA, MANILA. this encounter Lieutenant Alford was killed and six Kansans wounded. The men of the so-called Filipino army are uniformed and all are armed with Mausers and Remingtons. There was little discipline among them ac cording to our ideas. As nearly as we could ascertain, writes Captain W. G. Bates, U. S. V., who has just returned from Ma nila, it was the custom of these sol diers to prepare at their homes food sufficient to last two or three days, and go with it to the trenches, where they would remain till all their food was exhausted, when they would go home agaiu aud get a fresh supply. There was, therefore, a constant stream of these soldiers on the Calle Real (the main road near our posi tion), and many of them walked through our camp. They were of all ages, but principally young men and boys. I found them very enthusiastic and filled with ardent and genuine pa triotism. Their method of fighting seemed somewhat peculiar to us. I saw sev eral of their night engagements with the Spaniards. It was the custom of the Filipinos at some time during the night to open lire on the Spanish lines and keep it up for two or three hours. The Spaniards from their works would reply in the same manner, and a large amount of ammunition would be ex pended by both sides with little re sult, beyond a few men wounded and possibly one or two killed. Such fights as these were of almost nightly occurrence, and I have no doubt that it was a tight of this kind that the Filipinos began on the night of Feb ruary 4th. According to their cus tom they probably considered it over when they stopped tiring, and never for one moment supposed that the Americans would continue the battle the nest morning and advance to the attack. When that happened they were not only surprised, but utterly unprepared. They had never been in the habit of lighting or seeing civilized troops light outside entrench ments. and it was beyond their com prehension that soldiers could be got to advance across the open and attack fortified positions. The experience is similar to nothing in their history, and the lesson, while it is a severe one, was necessary and will have a most salutary effect on all future deal ings between the Americans and the natives. The belief that the Ameri cans are afraid because they have treated the Filipinos fairly has been rudely dispelled. It probably has be come very apparent to them that the American troops are not to be trifled with, and that the commanding of ficers are thoroughly able to enforce their orders. KIPLING TO VISIT MEXICO. The Famoui Author in Seurch of Fre«h Literary Material. Rudyard Kipling, the famous novel ist, arrived in this country the other day after an absence of two years. He is not content with having given to the English-speaking race his inimit- RtJDYARD KIPLING. able stories of the "Fuzzy-Wuzzy" and "Tommy Atkins," but he intends to visit Mexico asd there to study the peons, the peasant class of that coun try. as well as to acquaint himself with the local coloring and to gather material for a new series of stories. Mexico is more or less a virgin field for an English-speaking writer, and its unwritten tragedies and romances, its untold stpries of the workings of human love and deeds of heroism, in the hands of such a writer as Kipling, will add to our literature, if they can not place fresh laurels upon his al ready well-laureled brow. Mr. Kipling's latest poem, "The White Man's Burden,"published only the other day, has created more talk than any poem written within recent time. The phase has become house hold in its use, while the poem breathed of the duty of the superior race in its dealings with inferior peoples. Eudyard Kipling has steadily re fused all offers to take the lecture platform. His words are worth fifteen cents apiece, aud even the most ex travagant American audiences admit that they cannot afford to hear him at that figure. Every time he says "Good morning" to a neighbor it's thirty cents blown to the winds; and once, it is stated, when ho is said to have shouted in meeting, the old deacons sighed and muttered: "O, that wo had the price of that shout in the contribution box for the benefit of the heathen he writes about!" Afftilnaldo** Forces. Aguinaldo's forces number about 35,000, the majority of whom are armed with Mausers. The arms were ; GENERAL PIO DEL PILAR. Anulunlilo's Chief General aud Military Adviser. largely procured from Spanish pris oners, smugglers and the United States. Dewey turned over 2500 rifles to the insurgents in Cavite after the battle of May 1. The insurgent headquarters are at Malolos, thirty miles north of Ma nila, on the railroad. When Aguin aldo proclaimed the republic and an nounced himself the dictator, he left vacant the office of Secretary of State. This is destined for Felipe Agoueillo, now in Canada. The Cabinet is: Secretary of the Interior, Leanilro Ibarra; Secretary of War, Baldomero Aguinaldo; Secretary of the Treasury, Mariano Trias. The commanders in the field are: IOORROTE BOWMEN IN AQUINALDO'S ARMY. Lieutenant-General Riego de Dios, Major-General Ricati, Brigadier-Gen eral Pio del Pilar, a violent hater of Americans; Brigadier-General Felipe Sandico, Brigadier-General Pautelon Garcia, Brigadier-General Noriel, Brigadier-General Estrella, Brigadier- General Mascardo, Brigadier-General Gregoria del Pilar, Major-Geueral Ricati commands in the zone south of Manila; Garcia com mands north of the city; Estrella com mands in Cavite; del Pilar commands to the east and up the Pasig to the lake. One of the cleverest men associated with Aguinaldo is his secretary and interpreter, EsCamilla. He is an ac complished linguist, speaks Spanish fluently, English very well and Latin and French, besides the native dia lects. While many of Aguinaldo's soldiers are well armed, on the other hand, some of them were mere savages who had never seen modern artillery, and had only bows and arrows to oppose to Gatling guns; such were the half naked Igorrotes, who vere given "the post of honor" in fron of an American battery. To this mob, aud the people of the islands genera' , Aguinaldo had issued a proclamation earlier in the day, ordering his followers to regard Americans as invaders, and to treat them as enemies. The proportion of physicians to population varies remarkably in Ger man cities, from about six per 10,000 in Chemnitz to twelve in Dresden and fourteen in Munich. I FARM AND GARDEN.] Preparation Tor Clover. Usually there is not much difficulty in securing a stand of clover, but, ow ing to a diversity of soils, there are accasionally small areas upon which the young clover plants fail to grow, l'o gaard against this failure I have for several years hauled the manure lirect from the horse stable and scat tered it thinly over those places. Straw is used liberally for bedding, and during the winter enough manure is made to cover several acres. The soluble parts of the manure are washed into the surface soil where they are easily available for the young clover plant. The straw serves as a mulch, affording considerable protection should an early drouth follow. Clover haulm can be used the same wav, there by getting the benefit of any seed re maining in it. Whatever the method employed we cannot be too thorough in the preparation for the clover crop. —Oreu E. Cooperrider, in New Eng land Homestead. A Cheap Hof? Shelter. Comparatively few farms have good, warm and dry shelter for hogs in cold weather. Nearly every farm has shelter of some kind, but many hog houses are so open and exposed to the weather and cold drafts particularly, that the hogs are uncomfortable. A shelter for twenty-five or thirty head can be made very cheaply of straw and rails. It answers the purpose very well aud in the saving of feed aud the jomfort of hogs will many times repay its cost, which is only the labor neces sary to erect it. A double pen, one inside the other, is built of fence rails, two rail-lengths long aud one wide, aud three or four feet high. The space between the two pens, twelve or fifteen inches, is filled with straw and well tramped, t'ther rails are laid across on top. On these the straw roof is placed. The straw is dampened,so that it will pack well. It is built well out over the sides of the pen, which should stand on dry ground. The door on the lee ward side usually ueeds no protection. Nothing more is necessary except an occasional fresh bed of straw. Cold Barns for Dairy COWR. The investigation made by the Kan sas experiment station of the creamery business of the Meiiden creamery re vealed the fact that there was one man that sheltered his cows in winter by two wire fences, another by a wood lot, and still others by wind breaks. Out of eighty-two patrons there were sighteeu, or twenty-two per cent., that compelled their cows to drink ice water from a creek or pond in win ter. When we stop to think that the lairy cow, unlike the steer, has a thin hide, with little or no fat beneath the skiu and a poor surface circulation, we ran understand one of the reasons why the yield of some herds is so low. The dairy cow is a very sensitive ani mal, and when she is forced to keep up animal heat and to stand shivering while taking lier fill of ice water she certainly cannot he expected to make a very good showing at the milk pail. Very few people realize the loss sustained from cold barns. In an ex periment carried on in England it was found that with a herd ol' thirty cows the profit was three pounds or about sls per week more when the tempera ture of the barn was kept at sixty-three degrees than when at fifty-two de crees. At this rate it would not take long for a herd of good dairy cows to pay for a barn. The barn should be tight enough so that the animal heat of the cows will always keep the manure from freezing.—Farm, Field aud Fireside. What the Farm Garden Slioulil Be. The garden should never contain loss than half an acre, and better be two acres. A garden of this size can easily be worked with a horse, saving much hand labor, which is required in smaller plots. If more is grown thin required for home use it can usually be disposed of at some nearby market, or to some neighbor who will not have a garden. Or the area can be devoted to potatoes, or roots for stock can be increased. Being near the house, it is of easy access, and the farmer can spend many half hours working th. j garden, when he would not think of going to the field for that lepgth of time. The garden should contain all the small fruits, such as berries, currants, etc. Plant these in single rows, and far euough apart so that they can be easily cultivated. The space between can be devoted to some vegetable, which will compel working around the shrub. If the market gardener, upon lands ranging in price from 8 >OO to SIOOO per acre, can upon a half dozen acres sell more dollars' worth of pro duce than are sold off many iarge farms, why may not the farmer grow in his own garden articles for food that will take the place of much of the more expensive commodities bought in town? The gardeti cannot be had without labor, but with less, consid ering the amount produced, than is required for general farm crops. Two and sometimes three crops can be grown upon the same ground in one season. With the addition of a few hotbed sash the garden can be made to produce fresh vegetables for the table all the year round.—American Agriculturist. Succaftft With Cement. Before putting down a cement floor be sure that the building is where it is always to stand; for the floor cannot be moved. Use the very best mater ial. Do not use any if the cheap grades of cement. I prefer the Port land above all others, as cold o'r heat does not affect it. To begin, put down a layer of clean gravel six inches deep, slightly moistened nnd tamped down as firmly as possible. After this is done, commence on the floor. This should be laid in sections about three feet wide, so that a person can trowel across them. Procure a scant ling six inches wide and two inches thick. Begin on one side of ttie barn and for a horse stall give it one-half inch fall from manger to bind feet. Stake and level the scantling, then ap ply the concrete, which is made by using six parts of clean, sharp grave! and one part cement, thoroughly mixed and just dampened enough to pack well. Wheel this in and have it tive inches thick when it is thoroughly tamped. The tamping must be thor oughly done. Now put 011 the top coat, which should be one inch thick, and is made of two 1 arts of sharp, clean sand and one part cement, thoroughly mixed and tempered and of the light con sistency to spread nicely. In smooth ing it off, use a straight edge at first, and after it has commenced to dry, use a trowel to give it a smooth, glossy appearance. In putting on the top, smooth it off with as little work as possible, as too much work will cause the water and sand to come to the sur face, making a bad job. If you wish to corrugate it, use a beveled board and strike it gently with a hatchet. After this remove the scantling and proceed as before. For a cow stable or hog house, the concrete need not be over three inches thick and the top coat one-half inch thick, and for a chicken house still less. After the floor is laid, keep everything off until it is thoroughly set, and in ten days or two weeks it will be ready for any kind of stock. —M. C. Thomas, in the Orange Judd Farmer. Old Hens for Mothers. While the chief use of the hen is to lay eggs and to furnish poultry for the table, it must not be forgotten that this is only a part of the original de sign which must not be entirely su perseded by inventions like the incu bator. This latter may do where thousands of young fowls have to be grown for broilers. Not enough hens could be secured in brooding condi tion to meet this demand, especially as it is largest when the natural im pulse of every lieu is to lay more eggs and not to become a mother. Hence the incubator is, and always will be, a necessity. But we hate to think of the life of an incubator-hatched chicken that is to grow up and live for years perhaps, and never hear the sound of the hen's familiar "cluck." It will practically grow up without any rela tions, the most desolate kind of an or phan. There are thousands of farmers who keep hens who do not care to grow mere chickens than their own liens can hatch. We would advise all such, in thinning off their flocks of poultry, to save a few old hens to hatch out the chickens needed for next year. The old hens won't lay many eggs. Probably their egg supply has been mostly exhausted. But they will be all the more interminable sit ters because of this. Give t em the eggs of the most prolific egg producers of the flock, for these will make the best layers. Most people encourage the brooding habit among their flocks by allowing heus that are nearly past laying to steal a nest, lay ten or a dozen eggs and hatch them out. Of course,'he old hen is awfully proud of these chicks, which she knows are all her own, as only her own eggs are in the nest. But the chickens of these old hens will take after their mother in laying few eggs, and then quickly becoming broody. It is by the con trary policy, breeding from eggs laid by fowls that have little inclination tc set, that the best breeds of egg pro ducers were probably originally pro duced. The same policy continued will laigely increase egg production. Poultry is kept for several distinct purposes and has breeds adapted to each, and as we have just shown, in the same breed both the young and the old fowl have their separate uses. These should so far as possible be kept distinct,and each individual fowl be put to the w rk it is best fitted for. Possibl; the o'.t fowls kept for sitters will 11: . lay o ough eggs to pay their keep. But aey will save the time of young hens, which when they try to sit can be very easily broken up, or would probably break themselves up and goto laying again. (Jer.eially when a pullet wants to sit she will leave the nest some morning after the eggs are spoiled, thus losing not only her own time but the setting of eggs also, as after the germ has once been started it is easily killed by being ex posed to the cold. It is vary easy to break a pullet from sitting. Keep her somewhere a few days where she can receive 110 attentions from the male, and where there is 110 chance for hei to make a nest. Feed her with whole wheat and so.ne milk curd, and keep fresh, clean water always where she can get at it. The sitting is really a fever, and the pullet that wants to sit should have its bill dipped in watei several times each day, so as to oblige it to drink. With this treatment and food for three or four days, or even less, more eggs will be brought for ward to the period when they need to be ejected, and then you might try tc tie the hen on the nest with her eggs, but you could not even then makehei sit and hatch them into chicks. Even the heus two years old are not fit foi mothers if they are of egg-producing breeds. We hava had such hens de sert tlieir chicks when less than a month old, and begin to lay another setting of eggs. Not warned by pre vious experience, they thought they wanted to hatch these only. This ex periment in letting yonug heus hatch a nest of eggs had cost too much al ready. —American Cultivator.
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