HOUSELESS TRUCKS FOR HEW YORK'S STREETS. Automobile Vehicles Under Construction Are Designed to Carry Eight Tons as Fast as Eight Miles an Hour. Autotrucks for use by the New York Autotruck Company are now being constructed by the American Wheelock Engine Company, of Worcester, Mass., and will soon be seen in the streets of New York City. Platform trucks for carrying heavy machinery and trucks with high boxes for coal, ice or other commodities will be first used. Com pressed air will furnish the motive power. Motormeu who operate these trucks will have a high seat forward, with a double wheel similar to the arrange ment on a cable car for controlling the power. One wheel will be for steer ing purposes, and the other will open or close a valve between the air cham bers and the motor. Although these trucks will have a carrying capacity of eight tons and can be run on smooth pavements as fast as eight miles an hour, it is asserted that they can be oooaoooooooooooooooooosoog G THE PASSING OF § R THE SHAKERS. § 6 Q OJCJOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOGOCO Sister Auana, oldest of the Shakers at Canterbury, N. H., died a few weeks ago. A city girl, who is familiar with the manner of life among these people, recalls some of the history of the Shakers, an anecdote of two of the life of the members of the Canterbury community, anil a few of the customs which impressed her. The Shakers are called so by out siders in derision, because, in their own words, "In their religious meet- ! ings, in their meetings of soul agaiust the powers of sin, they sometimes are led of the spirit of shake." In latter days, the Shaker dance, which is a combination of march step and rhy thmical swaying of the entire body, has been done away with. Whether the Shakers themselves found the dance materialistic in tendency, des pite religions ideas of its significance, or whether the persistent neighbor hood ridicule of this form of expres sion by so rigid a people has effected the change, probably an outsider may not learn. The real name of their organization is the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearance. From the point of view of the Shaker the world is divided into what they cail the world's people and them selves. Of their tenets the public knows little. That they do not marry is as much as the worlding usually has time to learn of these interest ing voluntary exiles from the common strife. So far as a stranger can gather, were one for a time resident with SHAKEREBR SERENE IN HER 01/ D AGE. tuem, the Shaker is a sort of Unitarian Christian with added broad tolerance for many Buddhistic teachings. The founder of the order, in 1770, stopped in their own length. By shut ting off the air the wheels are locked and the trnek eomes to a sudden stand still. The trucks are built with widf tires, so that asphalt or macadam road; will not be injured by them. The truck shown in the above illus tration is made for heavy hauling anc has been successfully used by tht manufacturers for their own deliveries for several weeks. It weighs 9000 pounds net, and its carrying capacity is about five tons. The propelling power is an eight horse-power gaso line engine directly connected with a generator. The onrrentfrom the gen erator is accumulated and governed by forty-four storage battery cells, which also adjust and reduce the ten sion of the motors. Its maximum speed is six miles an hour. A speedier truck can easily bo made, but no higher rate of speed was deemed necessary for delivery purposes. was a woman, Aun Lee. Shakers be lieve that she was pre-eminent; not to say supreme, among human beings. Her Idea—they spell it with large type—was that God is dual, male and female, father and mother. That the Hindoos obtained a glimpse of this principle the Shakers admit. But in its application the Shakers, they be lieve, were the first to recognize it. Every community, or family, is gov erned by a council of four, two meu and two women. "Men among these people are of two types," says the city girl, "the A TYPE OF THE YOUNGER SISTERS. "" vigorous, spiritualized, self-controlled; and those weak, to the point of ser vile obedience to any stronger will. Average men are not found among Shakers. It is a matter of leading or being led. "Women there impress you as in tellectually stronger than women of the world. Their equality with men reoognized in all daily life, it has the effect of centering their energies and expanding their self-esteem. "The Shaker communities are re cruited from outside. It has not been an unoommon instance where father and mother and children have united with these people, and all lived as brothers and sisters thereafter." The Shakers do not marry at all, and never have married. For increase, they depend solely upon converts from among the world's people. These lit tle Shaker communities, which have continued for more than 100 years, and which might seem to be the ideal life of the new woman, gradually are fading away. There are no known evidences that strong men and women are uniting with them to take the places of their dying leaders. A prominent doctor holds that arti ficial teeth are an evil in those of ad vanced years, because they enable such persons to masticate flesh. When the teeth fail naturally, it is nature's design that the individual should sub sist on vegetable diet. £FOR FARM AND GARDENJ Pinkie for Eggs. It is said that the lime pickle used by dealers who lime eggs is made of a quart of salt,gallon of fine slaked lime and live gallons of water. Place the eggs on the broad end in layers. The top layer must be at least an inch under cover. Cover the barrel and keep iu a cool place. More lime than above will cause the mass to harden. Carbonic Acid fia# in Soils. The air in all soils contains a much larger proportion of carbonic acid gas than does that in the atmosphere above. It is largest, of course, in soils that are full of vegetable matter whose decomposition liberates it. This gas has] an important effect in keepiug mineral fertility soluble. So far as soil is concerned it is the best solvent known. This is the reason why phos phate does so much more good on soils full of vegetable matter than on a sandy or gravelly soil that is nearly bare of vegetable matter. Heat Food tor I.lve Stock. Now that winter is here again with its chilling blasts, every good farmer will know that it is high time to pre pare a cooker of some sort for his stock-feeding in general. Past experi ence has taught me that it pays, and pays well, to warm everything that can be warmed during cold weather. It is one of the ways of making tho farm pay expenses. You not only se cure healthful and strongly constituted stock, but you save no small amount of feed by keeping up animal heat. We take it for granted that all the buildings have previously been made snug and warm. The hog responds to kind and careful treatment as much as the cow and a pailful of swill crack ling with ice will have the same effect on them as a cold, icy meal does on a man, and warm, wholesome food will be appreciated accordingly, as they will attest by grunts of approval and satisfaction. Hut when you come to heat everything it is no small chore, especially if yon are not prepared. I have a simple device that any one cnu construct. A goad, stout post, in which two holes have been bored, is set firmly in the ground. The crane is made of an old wagon tire, and is five feet long, with a hook on one end, and an eye in the other, aud has a hole drilled through about eighteen inches from the hook. An eyebolt is turned into the eye iu the crane, and left long enough to reach through the lower hole in the post (which is two feet from the ground) and is threaded for a burr. This bolt is u 3-4-incli. An old chain is wired onto the crane through the drilled hole and passes up through the upper hole near the top of the post. A stout stick of wood with two strands of wire fastened to it in the centre is buried flatways iu the ground back of and three feet from the post. These wires are made fast to the chain with a tension so that the crane is about horizontal. This forms a stay, or guywire. Now you hang your kettle on the hook, build your tire, and after the cooking or heatiug is done you simply swing the crane to one side or the other and prop it back, and you can take out the contents and refill away from the fire and smoke. This, placed in the shelter of some building or under a shed,can be used, for washing, butchering, or, iu fact, anything, and is very handy.—W.Jay Beighle iu New York Tribune. Wuriii Poultry House. A great deal of the success with poultry in the winter time depends on the way the houses are built for warmth, but when we speak of warm poultry houses wo do not mean it iu the same sense that we do iu speak ing of a dwelling house being warm. To have a poultry house warm enough so that water will not freeze in the coldest weather is a warm poultry house aud is plenty warm enough. If the temperature does get down a few degrees lower than freezing point,but little damage can come from it, even if the fowls are of the large comb va rieties, for they are not damaged much by this. Fowls can safely run out when the thermometer is ten degrees above zero and still be comfortable. Due consideration should be given to the fact that the fowl when on the roost is not active, and it will have to have a higher temperature when it is active anil scratching around outside. Lower animals are not so susceptible to changes in temperature as man, for we know that turkeys, ducks and geese seem to enjoy running through the snow when the weather is quite cold, and one is liable to couelude they are comfortable in all kinds of weather. The discomfort that comes to hens roosting out of doors in cold weather is that their combs and wat tles freeze, but beyond this they are quite comfortable. The object of having a warm house is to stimulate the hen aud induce her to lay eggs during the cold months. If they are constantly kept warm and well fed they will lay eggs, while if they are left out of doors iu the cold, the food they consume is employed to keep them warm, and there isnothiug left for the production of eggs. Bear ing these facts in mind, it is not dif ficult to make a poultry house warm. A single thickness of lumber will do very well, and it can be made much warmer if it has a lining of tar paper. If the poultry honse is large,the roost ing quarters should be partitioned off so that they are just large enough to give roosting room, with ventilation,but be free from drafts. Then the heat of the fowls will assist in keeping the tem perature tip, while they are inactive and need it. In li-e day time they , will walk around, and will exercise, and will then need more commodious quarters. We have discovered that large glass windows allow the heat to escape, anc. to prevent this in the niglit, it will be well to have curtains to close on the inside. During the day the sun's rayfc will pass through and warm it up, but when the sun goes down the rays will pass out as readily as in unless they are stopped from doing so. The heat that came in during the day time will stay if a curtain is put up, for there is no radiation. It pays to have good, warm poultry houses iu winter,but in order to make them so it is not necessary to make them elaborate. Very warm poultry houses are made out of prairie hay or straw. These can b> made very warm and inviting for poultry. Paint may not make them any warmer, but if the fancy calls for painted buildings we are agreed tj it,as it makes them look tidy, uud we like to see it. Paint, like charity, covers a multitude of de fects.—Fruit Growth. Pluntiiig Trees in Wet Grqjlll'l. It is useless to plant trees in ground which is not at least fairly well drainod. When water cannot get away fron\ land jt is unfit for the giotvtli of ordinary tieos. There •must bo some flow to make it possible to have trees thrive therein. When there is some drainage, even though it be slow, trees can be planted to ad vantage if set on mounds; but this is only worth doing when no other place offers for the trees. The plan followed is to have a cart load or two of earth dumped where tho trees are to be placed, enough so that when the tree is planted its roots will not be more than a few inches below the sur face of the natural soil. In this way trees may be set,and thev will flourish very well. The added soil affords them sustenance and the means to get a good foothold, and, as the roots push beyond this, they keep along not far under the surface of the natural soil out of the too wet portion of it. I have known trees to do very well in such places when treated in this way, es pecially the pear. In fact, for this tree, a damp situation is not a bad one. It generally means n stiff soil, which is what the tree likes. In low ground, capable of being drained by ditches, pear trees thrive amazingly. Cherries, too,will thrive near water, at the base of hills, near running water, but not so well in heavy as in light ground. Rocky soil will grow good cherries, no mutter how much water is passing through it. When water passes through the ground continually it carries air with it, and this is what roots demand, and when this cannot be supplied then trees will die. Who ever has a place he deems too wet for fruit oi any other trees, let him fol low the mounding plan, and without doubt ho will be pleased with the re sults. A case is in my mind whore one who had quite a piece of wet land which he wished planted to trees, and which it was his intention to drain in a few years, planted the troes in mounds, as explained above, and did not drain the grove for three years afterwards. The trees were practically set on the level ground, the mound being no more than the covering of the roots to the proper depth. Until draining occurs the roots keep near the surface of the ground, but when the water is taken out of the ground by drains, down go the 10 >ts into deeper soil. Trees growing in wet places, such as along the banks of streams, r.re always surface rooting. I have seen large forest trees blown over near creeks, which showed a mass of fibrous roots, not much over u foot in depth. And this is why such trees do blow over so often, tliero being no descending roots to support them. There are some trees, such as the sil ver maple, which, though they make out surface roots iu wet places, are very tenacious of their hold, and very rarely lose it and become prostrated. These general remarks, it is hoped, will benefit many who have such a piece of ground they contemplate planting.—Practical Farmer. Poultry Note*. Do not let ducks or geese roost in the poultry house or yard. An ounce of prevent : on is worth a pound of physic in the poultry yard. Clover hay, cut tine and steamed over night, makes a good food for lay ing hens. Old hens rarely make good winter layers. Early hatched pullets keep up the cackle. See that your house is kept clean this weather, aB cleanliness is a good lice destroyer. Lay up a supply of vegetables for the fowls. Turnips, beets,cabbage,all make a cold weather variety. Always have a dry location for the poultry house; there is u.i animal life that can stand damp quarters. Air-slaked lime and plaster are re commended and are good for destroy ing the odors of the poultry, but dry earth will accomplish the same result. Plenty of shade and an abnndance of good fresh water are necessary to the comfort of the chickens, and it is comfortable chickens that lay eggs or grow and fatten as the case may be. A Novel Kxhfibitlon of Fuloonry. At tho Paris exposition in 1900 a novel exhibit wil be made of falconry, installed in ths historical department of the section devoted to hunting. There will be shown all the imple ments used in the ancient sport, such as gloves, hoods, bags, uniforms, etc. There will also bo noted pictures of hunting with falcons,such as Darnet's in the Orleans museum, representing Anne of Austria, surrounded by her court women, all with falcona on their wrists. There will be portraits of noted falconers, preserved iu the col lection of prominent families, and tapestries on hunting subjects. rOOOOOOOGGOOOOOOCOOOOOOCO A TRANSPACIFIC § § OCEAN CABLE. § 0 o QOOOOOOOOOOOOOQOOOOQOOOGOO The great transpacific cable pro jected from the Lnited States to the Philippines will be one of the most important media of communication between the civilized nations of the earth. The plans under consideration contemplate connection with Manila by the shortest possible route, and an examination of the accompanying map will clearly disclose this method. San Francisco is from Honolulu, in the Hawaiian Islands, a distance of 2089 miles. From Honolulu to Ualan is 2518 miles; frcm Ualan Island to Guam Island is a distauce of 1200 miles, and from Guam to Manila a distance of 1300 miles for a cable, but about 13G0 miles for a steamer. By using tUe island of Ualan, or Strong's Isl and, the cable will get a break in the great distauce which it would other wise to traverse. The Hydrographic Office of the Navy is only waiting for the word to begin a survey of the route. That portion of the path to be traversed wliiah lies between the coast of Cali fornia and the Hawaiian Islands was carefully mapped 3ome years ago, but the remainder of the track, from Hono lulu to Luzon, extends over a region of sea floor that is as yet unexplored. The cable will go by way of Hawaii, 01 course, and thence to one of the islands of the Caroliue group. A telegraph station, if nothing better, will be obtained by Uncle Sam in the latter archipelago. The distauce from Honolulu to Ualan in the Caro lines is 2518 miles. From Ualan the wire rope will extend 1200 miles to Guam, which becomes the property of the United States by the new treaty with Spain. It will cover its last stretch, 1300 miles, as a crow would fly from Guam to the Gulf of Dingala, which is on the east coast of Luzon. To reach Manila it would have togo around the Island of Luzon, and it will be a great saving of cable and of trouble also to make the landing on the cast side, connecting with a tele graph crossing Luzon to Manila, only thirty-eight miles. The distances are all official, as re corded at the Navy Department. If that from Honolulu to San Fraucisco, 2089 miles, be added, it will be seen that the total length of the cable will be 7107 miles. It is estimated that Sjjjk SAA< |l J "" N " i|i> HONOLULU PHILIPPINE iao»*&V Jf ISLANDS * ."^ AN " - A . S „ AL . . # .p ANIL A .SLANO3 CAN OS & "'"gua ••'••'; 4H ' s X j|k CAKOLINf,. . .Ogr^T'.'* il[ ISLANO! 1 ' -UALAN" " * £ TftONQ S , IS ROUTE OF THE PROPOSED TRANSPACIFIC CABLE. the making and laying of the wire rope will come to about SIOOO a mile, so that the entire expense involved will be only §7,107,000. This in cludes everything except the pre liminary survey, which, being per formed by a naval vessel, will not appear as an item in the account. This rope which is to wriggle its way beneath seven thousand miles of ocean, bringing two continents into close touch und communication, will be an inch and a quarter in diameter, and will weigh a ton and a quarter to the mile. The bill introduced in the House by Mr. Corlis, of Michigan, re quires that the cable shall transmit at least fifteen words a minute, at not more than $1 a word, press matter to be at half rates. At present a telegram sent from Manila to New York must go by way of Hong Kong, around Asia, across Europe, aud under the Atlantic—l 3,- 000 miles under water and 700 miles over laud. The cables being con trolled by a monopoly, the price is about $3 per word. This monopoly will be smashed by the new transpa cific line. The cable stations at Ualan and Guam will require no elaborate plant. For such purpose it is necessary merely to bnild a little house and haul a bight of wire rope up on shore. Once established, it will be no great expense to maintain the cable across the Pacific. Breaks are rare, and usually near shore; the wire rope em bedded in the ooze of the depths will last for centuries. When the line is completed it will be practicable to send a message around the world in three seconds. The plan contem plated is that when finished the cable shall be handed over to the Postoffice Department, to be operated as part of the postal service. All net proceeds will be covered into the Treasury, and in this way the cable will be made to pay for itself in course of time. How to Be Cremated. A Canadian lady, on being ques tioned concerning her views upon the subject of fire versus earth for the human body after death, gave utter ance to a remarkable sentiment—she was rather absent-minded, be it said. "Well, you see, one onlv gets buried once in a lifetime! Cremated? Yes, 1 think I should prefer it, if there was only a creamery handy." Creamery, we may observe, is the equivalent in the Dominion for the English dairy.— Cornhill. Under an lowa law convicts who become insane during imprisonment are retained in prison indefinitely. Recently several of these prisoners, some of whom had been in prison fif teen years after the expiration of their sentences, were sent to a hospital for the insane. A SOCIALISTIC MAYOR. John C. Chaae Will Attempt to Pat Hl» Theories Into Practice at Haverhill. The Socialists have captured the city of Haverhill, Mass. They have elected a Socialist Mayor, John C. Chase, and six membara of the muni cipal legislature. This is the first time, so far as is known, that out and out and avowed Socialism has won in an election of any importance in this country, and all Massachusetts is stirred up and talking about it. Mr. Chase declares that he will carry out. the policy of his party as de fined in the platform on which he was elected. He is only twenty-eight years old, and at the time of his elec tion was a clerk in u co-operative store of Haverhill. He is thoroughly imbued with the doctrines of Social ism, is the President of a Haverhill co-operative society and one of its founders, and has been very active in Socialist agitation for some time. JOHN C. f.'IIASE. Not only did the Socialists elect their candidate for mayor, but like wise three aldermeu and three coun cilmen. Their platform demands that the city shall own atul operate all pub lic utilities requiring a franchise, the operatives to elect their own officers; that the city shall furnish food, shoes and clothing to children who are com pelled to stay from school for want of these necessaries; that the city shall give employment to the unemployed on new public works; that taxation shall be equalized; that secret ses sions of the council be abolished; the adoption of initiative, referendum and proportional representation, and other plans generally approved by Social ists. Young Chase receives a salary of S2OOO a year for trying to carry out this programme. If lie can succeed in starting the ball rolling, the experi ment will be watched with utmost concern by all kinds of people every where. Mr. Chase has been connected with labor agitation and organization ever since he was a boy. He is an unusu ally bright and well-informed young man, and is looked up to by the work iugmen in the town. The new mayor was born in New Hampshire, and went to Haverhill eighteen years ago. As a boy he worked in shoe factories and woolen mills, and spent his even ings in study. Havorhill is one of the most indus trious of the manufacturing towns of Massachusetts. It lias a population upward of -10,000. It has about twen ty miles of street railways, gas plants and electric lighting plants, about a dozen grammar schools, a public high school, a public library and four fine parks. In Haverhill are nearly 800 faotories, covering nearly seventy in dustries and employing nearly 20,000 men. The principal industry is the manufacture of boots and shoes, in which are invested many millions of dollars. Auuiln Luccheni'* Prison. Luccheni, the murderer of the Em press of Austria, now under sentence of imprisonment for life—the utmost penalty allowed by the law of Switzer land—was removed on the day after ■Mi 11 bil LUCCHENI'S PRISON. the trial to the Prison de l'Eveche, so called from the fact that it was built on the site of the palace of the Bishop of Geneva. Here for the next six months Luccheni will undergo solitary continement in an underground dun geon. Two days a week his food will consist only of bread aud water. At the end of six months he will be treated like other criminals, though with more severity in the event of misbehavior, or other breaches of the prison regulations. The value of the total output of metals in the United States in 1898 was $752,927,047, an increase ovei 1897 of #55,069,723.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers