LATEST PORTRAIT OF QUEEN WILHELMINA OF HOLLAND.
1 CORONATION OF HOLLAND'S GIRL-QUEEN. I
£§ A Series of Human Documents Showing Wil- |xl
helmina at Various Ages From Baby- vQ
03 hood to Young Womanhood. &£
m &
» . 11 A HOUGH the angry
v \ Is 4 noise of war now
\s§S| dins in the ears of
the Old World and
the New, there
' comes from Hol-
windmills and
dykes, a peaceful,
j i happy note. The
whole of the pros
perous little kingdom has been busy
for months getting ready for the time
when the young Queen Wilhelmina
comes of age and is installed with
every circumstance of regal pomp and
ceremony as sovereign of the Nether
lands.
Queen Wilhelmina now holds a posi
tion in the eyes of the world much
like that which Queen Victoria held
sixty-one years ago, when she began
her uuequalled reign. All the world
regards with sympathy and interest a
fair young queen. She is likely to
prove a better sovereign than a man
would, becauso she has a woman's
goorlness and a woman's defences
against the temptations which assail a
king. That is why the young Queen is
a centre of attraction.
Wilhelmina is now a fair-haired,
AS A CHILD, 1884.
pretty young woman, with a well de
veloped, supple figure. She is essen
tially womanly and gentle in manner
and looks.
The Queen has an unusual claim to
the attention of ordinary human be
ings. She is the only Queen who in
sists on marrying according to the
dictates of her own heart. She has
fiercely resisted all the attempts of
her mother and her Ministers to
choose a husband for her.
Last year it was announced she
would marry her cousin, Prince Bern
hard of Saxe-Weimar, whom the au
thorities had selected as suitable.
She refused to marry him, because he
was too ugly and because she did not
love him. Other matches have been
suggested for her, but she rejected
them all on sentimental grounds.
The environment of the Queen's
girlhood has fitted her for quiet and un
ceremonious sovereignty in what is vir
tually a Dutch republic, although the
ceremonies attendant on her corona
tion are of an interest only equalled
by the ooronation of the Czar and the
celebration of Queen Victoria's reign.
It has been easy to reconcile the
young Queen and her mother to all
the details of a democratic festival
conducted mainly for the entertain
ment of the masses. The Queen,
when she enters Amsterdam in tri
umph, will drive through the poorer
section of the city as well as through
the finest residential quarter, and
every day for a fortnight she will be
in plain sight of the people both there
and at the Hague. There will be a
series of popular fetes, with few
WILHELMINA AND HER FIRST SHETLAND
PONT.
special privileges for the aristocratic
classes. The attendance at the in
stallation ceremonies in the church
was limited to two thousand, and the
Btate dinner is mainly an official and
diplomatic affair, with not more than
250 guests. There will be a single
festival performance at the principal
theatre in Amsterdam, and there may
be a very small court ball at the palace
at The Hague. Everything will be
done for the pleasure of the masses,
and very little for the entertainment
of the privileged classes. The Queen
Begent and her daughter have assented
readily to arrangements which are in
accord with their quiet tastes and
simple manners. They prefer to
please the many rather than to gratify
the exclusive spirit of the favored few.
According to present arrangements,
the Queen and her mother are to leave
The Hague, after the celebration of
the eighteenth birthday anniversary.
Arriving at Amsterdam, they will be
met by the leading citizens and repre
sentatives of the Government, and, es
corted by hussars, will drive through
the city to the palace.
Between the hours of 7 and 8 on the
QCEEN WILHELMINA IN A DI'TCII NA
TIONAL COSTUME, 1894.
following morning trumpeters will
arouse the citizens from sleep with
Mored music from the steeples of the
various churches. Then will come, at
ll o'clock, the installation of the
Nieuwe Kerk. In the afternoon the
Queen will again drive through the
oity, visiting the Jordan, the ghetto
of Amsterdam, where some 70,000
Jews reside. At night the city will be
brilliantly illuminated, and again the
Queen will drive out to see and to be
seen.
A sacred reveille will usher in the
next day, on which the Queen will be
serenaded by the Netherlands Choral
Society. In the afternoon she will
witness an allegorical and historical
procession illustrating in picturesque
fashion the chief episodes and stirring
events in the nation's history from the
time of the eighty years' war down to
the nineteenth century.
Besides all this she is to witness a
water carnival, and on the next day go
over the House of Orange section of
the Kyx Museum, attend a "matinee
musicale" and a gala performance in
the theatre. The following morning
the Queen and the Queen's mother
will take their departure.
At the present moment the shop
windows of Amsterdam are filled with
portraits of the sweet-faced Queen.
There she is as a baby in tho arms of
her mother; as a little girl playing
with her dog or fondling her pony;
while more regal, and eagerly bought,
is the picture of her majesty in robes
of ermine and rich velvet, with the
Crowh jewels adorning her.
The Dutch Government has ordered
home from Java all the jewels in the
Treasury, which have been taken from
the rajahs and native rulers of that
vast island, in order to make for the
young Queen a crown, a sceptre and
an orb. Amoug them are some of the
most splendid jewels in the world.
The following is the oath taken by
the Queen: "I swear to the Dutch
people that I will observe and always
WILHELMINAS PALACE AT AMSTERDAM.
maintain tho Constitution. I swear
that I will defend and guard with all
my power the independence and the
territory of the empire, that I will
protect public and private liberty and
the rights of all my subjects, and that
I will use every means confided to me
by the law to foster aud uphold tho
national and individual well-being, as
a good Queen should do. And may
God help me."
Queen Wilhelmina has been trained
to possess all tho qualities of a typical
Dutch housewife. As a little girl she
had a little house of her own, where
she did all tho housework herself.
Her portrait in the national costume
of a Dutch houßewile, with a linen
coiff over her head, is one of the most
pleasing presentments we have of her.
THE LITTLE QUEEN AT THIRTEEN, 1893*
Many clever or curious sayings are
attributed to the yonng Queen. Once
she said: "I will never marry. I will
reign alone like Elizabeth of England."
Again, when her mother wished her
togo to bed early, she said: "I will
go out on the balcony and tell the
Dutch people how you ill-treat their
Queen."
From now on the subject of matri
mony will be inseparably associated
with the Queen. She is going to marry
for love. Who will he be? She is
good-looking, amiable, accomplished,
rich beyond computation. He will be
a fortunate man.
Queen Wilhelmina is like Queen
Victoria in that she .uherits the throne
after a monarch notorious for his de
pravity. Victoria's accession was
separated by only a few years from the
death of George IV., the worst de
bauchee in Europe.
Wilhelmina's father, King William
111., who died in 1889, left an un
savory reputation behind him. His
intrigues were the talk of the world.
He frequented tho concert halls,
where jokes were made about his ad
ventures. He laughed as heartily and
applauded as vigorously as any one.
He bad no sense of shame, no con
science, no scruples, no domestio
affections. He was a standing satire
upon monarchy.
It was something of a disappoint
ment to the King when, on August
31,1880, the heir to his throne proved
to be a girl. She was baptized by the
name of Wilhelmina Helena Paulina
Maria. It is doubtful whether the
loyal Netherlander would to-day ex-
THE PICTURE THAT IS MOST POPULAR—
WIIiHEIiMINA DRESSED FOR A DUTCH
KEBMESS.
change her for any male royalty in
Europe.
A HOME-MADE FILTER.
It Will Yield an Good Keniilt* as a Hlcli-
Prlced Apparatus.
A home-made filter for purifying
drinking water for domestio uses is
described by the New York Herald as
consisting simply of an ordinary de-
oanter, a lamp glass, such as can be
purchased anywhere for a few cents,
by way of a funnel, and a piece of
sponge or cotton wool. Some people
prefer cotton wool because it can be
thrown away after a time and renewed
at a nominal cost. If the sponge is
chosen it ought to be taken out often,
cleaned in hot salt water and afterward
rinsed in colli. The sponge or cotton
wool is placed for the distance of an
inch in the lamp shade. This is then
covered by a layer of tine white sand,
which has been washed very clean,and
placed in a line lawn bag. This must
be packed through the top of the
glass, and spread out to fit across by
the aid of a long pencil or a skewer.
On top of the sand must be placed a
layer of animal charcoal which has
been thoronghly washed by putting it
in an earthen vessel and pouring boil
ing water upon it. The layer should
be at least an inch deep and should be
pressed down upon the layer of sand.
The Alter is now ready for use. Water
is poured into the lamp shade aud al
lowed to percolate slowly through to
the decanter beneath. After a time
the charcoal will be clogged and a lit
tle must be takou from the top and
boiled for a few minutes and then
spread out before the lire. It will
then be as good as ever, and can thus
be cleansed indefinitely. From time
to time, also, the whole apparatus will
want cleansing, and the whole of the
oharcoal, as well as the bag of sand
and the cotton wool or sponge, will
have to be taken out and thoroughly
boiled, or, better still, replaced with
new material.
Provided the filter be thus kept
HOW TO MAKE YOUB OWN FILTER.
thoroughly clean, the Herald assures
its readers that it will yield as good
results aB any of the patent filters on
the market costing many times the
! value of this simple apparatus. „
A. AA. A. AAA. A 1
M AMD GARDEN.!
Fall or Spring Plowing;.
According to Nebraska experiments
early fall or summer plowing gave
better yields of corn than spring
breaking. When the plowing was
done very late in autumn there was no
appreciable difference.
Pruning Fruit Tre»«.
Summer pruning tends to form fruit
buds while trimming in the spring
produces wood growth. Trim each
year, but only enough to cut out cross
branches and water sprouts. A tree
can sometimes be induced to bear
yearly by removing half of the fruit
buds and permitting it to bear a half
crop only each season. It is, how
ever, usually more practicable to allow
nature to take its course and let the
trees bear each alternate year. Let
each tree assume its individnal shape
and do not try to have all look alike.
Kuwdunt on tlie Farm.
In many sections sawdust can be
purchased at a price that makes it
valuable in farm operations. It should
not be used on light or sandy soils,
but on clay land or on land inclined
to be wet it will loosen up the soil as
well as enrich it. In the stock barn,
and especially with cows, sawdust is
valuable for bedding, readily absorb
ing the liquid manure and retaining
it, so that the effect is plainly visible
when the sawdust is applied to the
soil as a fertilizer. As a summer
mulch for strawberry plants sawdust
is equal to anything used for that
purpose. It is too heavy for a winter
mulch except between the rows, but
it may be used in connection with
some coarser material like leaves or
straw, and will be valuable. It must
be remembered that the value of saw
dust as a fertilizer is but nominal and
it{i chief value,in its application to the
soil, is after it has been used in the
stable as an absorbent for the |liquid
manures so often lost through care
lessness.
Clover nml Timothy Together.
This system of work fitted our cir
cumstances, with clover-timothy hay
and with barn room to accommodate
it. We never tried to raise clover
alone, and do not reciprocate the
sentiment of those who belittle the ex
cellent qualities of this grass. The
two suit each other so* well that it
seems like criticising Mother Nature
to divorce thein. Sown together
these two plants fully occupy the
ground as they grow side by side, the
timothy filling spots left vacant by the
trifolium, or deserted by it later when
its biennial mission is ended. And
when it comes to harvesting the crop
timothy acts as a go-between or nurse
in helping to cure the clover which is
difficult to handle separately. Except
to those who can control plenty of
help, haying cannot be prosecuted
under ideal conditions, so far as "pre
serving all the croo at that stage when
the chemist informs us the green crop
jontains the most available nutritive
qualities. While haying may usually
begin when the crop is at or near its
best, the later cut hay may have
passed to the stage where it is less
digestible, and this is one of the un
avoidable losses which must be met
philosophically.—Farm, Stock and
Home.
Fentlitif* the Uuiry Cow.
When properly fed a dairy cow will
neither gain nor lose in live weight,
and under such conditions will pro
duce the maximum quantity of milk
which her physical conformation per
mits. and that milk will have its max
imum quality, i.e., there will be a
maximum epithelial growth.
The food which produces such re
sults is an ideal milk ration, and the
nearest approach to it which man
possesses is a good pasture. The
moment artificial feeding begins the
conditions are altered. If an excess
of nutriment is given the tendency to
fatten will gradually outstrip the ten
dency for milk production. If a de
ficiency of nutriment be given the
body sufl'ers first, subsequently the
quality of the milk, and. lastly, the
quantity. These results will be
most marked when there is simul
taneously an abundant supply of
water. If now the food be changed
there will be a corresponding change
in the quantity and quality of the
milk, but it will not be immediate.
Experiments have been made for me
under the latter conditions. The re
sult was that the animals tirstutilized
the food to replenish their emaciated
bodies. The milk remained practi
cally unaffected for from four to six
weeks. Then the food told. This
fact emphasizes one source of error in
feeding experiments —they are not
conducted on a sufficiently long
period.—Professor F. J. Lloyd before
the British D liry Farmers' Associa
tion.
Mamir.* and Fertilizer*.
A ton of manure with ten pouuds
of nitrogen, twelve pounds of potash
and six pouuds of phosphoric acid in
it, is worth more to you in the eud for
farm crops, as a rule, although, per
haps, not so immediately available,
than the same number of pounds of
these ingredients in any fertilizer -on
earth. This is because the manure
furnishes vegetable matter to decay
iu the soil aud has a beneficial bac
terial effect, neither of which you get
from commercial fertilizers.
Now, here is the substance of the
whole matter, aud every honorable
agricultural paper or institute worker
or fertilizer man will agree with it.
heartily. We want you to save all
your manvre, and not let part of it go
to waste and then buy back the same
Ingredients you lost. We waut you
to gro'V clover, cow-po.is, etc., aud
get nitrogen practically free, fnateafl
of baying it. We want you to btif
feed and get fertility for your laud.
Lastly, if you haven't enough, as
you find by actual experiment, then
purchase what you need.
When you buy fertilizers again let
it be after you have learned how to
figure them. If figures on the bag
say 2 to 3 per cent, of nitrogen
it means 2 per cent. only. That is
all the law requires. The "3" is
put onto decieve you, so an agent
can call it 2 1-2 per cent,
on an average. Two per cent, means,
of course, two pounds in 100 or 40 in
a ton. Figure this at 14 cents. The*
figure the phosphoric acid that is
available, soluble and reverted, at
5 1-2 cents. Next the potash at 5
cents', then add 20 per cent, for mix
ing and you will have a fair idea of
what the fertilizer is worth, or rather,
what you should pay for it. I)o not
let any interested party fool yon into
thinking that a ton of wheat straw
will not be worth more to you in the
end, properly used on your farm,than
$2 worth of any fertilizers you can
buy. Where quick action is wanted,
of course, you can get a fertilizer that
will do better than the straw, but in
the long run you will lose by selling
straw at $2 and buying fertilizers with
the money. I would not sell it at $1
a ton. The vegetable matter that the
straw adds to the soil is too valuable.
—T. B. Terry in Practical Farmer.
Forcing Tomatoes In Winter.
Seed for the crop was sown Sep
tember fifteen in 2 1-2 inch flats filled
with loam and sand in proportion of
four to one. [Professors Mason and
Hall, Bulletin 70, Kansas experiment
station.] In three weeks plants were
taken from the flats and set in 2 1-2
inch pots. These were twice repotted
and finally on December 10 were set
in benches. All the vines were trained
on a trellis and after the branches
were established pruning consisted in
cutting out weak foliage and occa
sionally thinning the more vigorous
plauts. When the plants were small
the watering was done by means of a
sprinkler, but after they were set in
the bench the ground was watered
twice a we9k with a heavy spray from
the hose. Later the soil was soaked
heavily every eighth day by flooding.
After each wettiug, when the soil be
came dry it was cultivated lightly and
leveled oft'. Toward the end of the
•season no cultivation was given.
The vines made a vigorous growth
from the time they were set in the
bench aud a considerable quantity of
the foliage had to be removed to pre
vent shutting out the light. The fruit
season was ended about June 12. This
need not be done, for as the tomato is
a continuous bloomer, it could be
kept bearing so long as the vines can
be cared for and the fruit disposed
of. The fruit was smaller than that
grown out of doors, but still quite
fair-sized, many of the tomatoes being
three inches in diameter. They were
uniformly smooth aud in good condi
tion. By February 24 all varieties
but one gave from one to three ripe
fruit. The yield from the rows placed
nearest the glass was the least, giving
103 against 10(> pounds from the front
row or that further from ihe glass.
The time from the planting of the
seed until the ripening of the first
fruit is 23 weeks. About half this
time the plauts grew in flats and took
up little room. The crop was allowed
to bear 3 1-2 months. Winter toma
toes were a u«velty to most people,
and at first they were bought slowly,
but as the people became more famil
iar with them they sold readily.
In tests made at the Geneva (N.Y.)
station in forcing tomatoes it was
: found that plants trained to single
j stems are more profitable than three
i stein plants for winter tomatoes, the
fruits on the single steins are heavier
and greater in number, so that the
total yield per square foot of bench is
decidedly larger. It was also found
that the amount of fruit ripening dur
ing the first six weeks of fruiting is
much greater for the single plants.
Very little difference was found in the
yield of plants grown in pots from
from those grown in benches in the
single-stem tomatoes, but with the
three-stem system using "'".e pots
seemed to be a decided ad vintage. —
American Agriculturist.
Farm and Garden Notes.
Underfed or overfed hens are poor
layers.
Do not e\pect eggs from over
crowded flocks.
It is not desirable to keep begonias
entirely in the shade. They should
have, if possible, the morning sun.
Unless the soil about the heliotrope
is kept loose, the plant will not do
its best. It should be showered often.
To prevent worms from atta king
the roots of tea roses, scatter wood
ashes over the ground at a short dis
tance from the stalks.
Subsoiling has the advantage of
loosening the hard pan below the sur
face. It may be injurious on some
soils to turn the subsoil up, but it cau
do no harm to pulverize it.
The iuterior walls of the silo should
be as smooth as possible aud then
there must be no cross rods or pro
jections of any kind as these prevent
complete packing and consequent, rot
ting.
Gentle heat and moisture cause
fresh seeds to germinate, during which
process they require darkness. When
sprouted introduce to the light by
degrees, and ke«p constantly watered
but not wet.
Oats contain more protein than
corn and less starch, but oats coutaiu
fully as much oil (or fat) as corn,
about 4 per cent., but the propor
tion of oil is too s.uall fo render either
gain unfit for horses It is the starch
ill the corn that. en ant
animal.