SULLIVAN DSLLFC REPUBLICAN. W. M. CHENEY, Publisher. VOL. XI. Charles Ashton, a London policeman, has received a prize of $250 for an un published biblography of Welsh litera ture from 1801 to 1890. Mars, says 15. J. Crowley, the English scientist, is probably in communication ■with other planets, and these Martial people are probably tearing their hair because they can't "get" us on thoir telegraph circuit. Some argue that tho deepest place in the ocean will be found to correspond al most exactly with the height of the high est mountain. This theory has been dis proved within the last year; ocean depths 10,000 feet deeper than the htight of Mount Everest having been fcuud. The extent to which dementia has taken hold of the Royalty of Europe is almost pitiable, states the Arkansas Traveler. It is not an uncommon thing to hear of some royal personage who has had his cranium measured for a crown going about with a very ordinary wheel in his head. The critics ot fruit-growing in Califor nia, are advised by the San Francisco Chronicle to read the story from Fresno of the yield of two and a half acres of seedless Sultana grapes. One hundred tons of grapes which will produce $-1000 in raisins is a pretty good return for labor and time expended in this little vineyard. It may be regarded as somewhat sin gular that Sir Walter Scott's novels are almost as popular in Paris as are the novels of the eminent French novelists. Translations of his romances are found on every bookstall iu numbers, and the Paris Municipal Council has recently shown its appreciation ot the author himself by naming a short street after him. 'l'hc returns of the Bureau of Statistics at Washington conclusively establish tiic following facts That during the last ten years Canada has in every year pur chased from the United States a very much larger arnouut of merchandise than the United States has purchased from Canada, and that this excess of pur chases during the ten years has amouted to fully .ii125,0u0,000. A French paper tells of a new process of tanning by electricity, which, it says, is being used on the ski.is of stray dogs gathered into the Paris pound. Tho electric system, it is alleged, transforms the skin into leather iu three or four days, against the six or eight months required in the ordinary way. It is chiefly used for ladies' fine shoes, and is notable for soft and delicate qualities. A savant attempts to demonstrate, in one of our scientific magazines, that there is likely to be a scarcity of elbow room among the earth's population in the reasonably near future. He estimates the present population of the world at something less than one and a hall bil lion. The natural increase, he con cludes, will make the figure six billion two hundred years hsnce, and this, he declares, is the utmost limit of the earth's capacity for sustaining human life. The trouble with all these elabo rate estimates and deductions, maintains the New York News, is that they are based upon the hypothesis that man must always live as ho lives to-day. Con ditions will change as necessity crowds population. Half the people of the earth now rarely, if ever, taste meat. Tiie dense populations of China, India, and some other countries live almost wholly on rice. Analysis S'IOWS that the banana contains all the elements essential to human life, and enough bananas can be raised on an acre of ground to supply one hundred people a year. It will be a long time before the standing-room only placard is displayed in the world's theatre. If recent statistics a3 to tho con dition of agriculture in the arid States and Territories, and particularly as to practical results of irrigation, are to bo depended upon, remarks Frank Leslie's Weekly, we may expect that the move ment iu favor of the National policy of irrigation will be materially strength ened. Tho report submitted to the census otlice shows that nearly thirty million dollars of capital is invested in productive irrigation, aud that the re turns have been over sixty-live millions of dollars, or about 218 per cent. The estimated value on June Ist, 1893, of irrigated farms which originally cost $•77,500,000 was nearly !j5297,000,000. That is to say, the irrigated lands are worth now four times their original cost. There is a vast expense of territory now comparatively useless, owinj to its arid condition, which, with the introduction of irrigating methods, could be made fertile and productive, audit is becom ing a question whether Government aid may not properly be given in. further ance of a system which ha 3 proved, ac cording to the statistics given, so im-' mscsely beneficial. UNCONSCIOUS SERVICE. "The bee"—she sighed—."that haunt* the clover Has nature's errand to fulfil; The bird that skims the azure over Bears living seeds within his bill: "Without a pause bis flight pursuing. He drops them on a barren strand. And turns, unconscious of the doing. The waste into a pasture land. "I, craving service—willingly, choosing To fling broadcast some golden grain- Can only sit in silent mustng And weave my litanies of pain." 1, making answer, softly kissei her: "All nature's realm of bees and bird?,— What is such ministry, my sitter, Compared with your enchanted words? "The seed your weakened hand is sowing May ripen to a harvest broad, Which yet may help, without your know ing. To fill the granaries of Godl" J. Preston, in Lippincott. THE TWO*COUSINS. BY HELEN FORREST GRAVES, fWO is that talking in tho hall?" tartly demanded Mrs.Jen nifer, and little Lucilla, running to the door, to a satisfactory inform ation : "It's Cousin Olive, saying good-by to Mr. Walbridge!" Mrs. Jennifer contracted her showy black eyebrows slightly. "Is Elise there, too?" "Why, no, mamma—don't you re member Elise went out for a walk?" Mrs. Jennifer said nothing more; but to one used to the interpretation of dumb show, a world of meaning might have been deciphered in the swift way ic which her needle fltsw in and out of the cambric ruffle she was hemming. "Olive!" she called, sweetly, as the closing of the front door gave notice that the visitor had at last taken his de parture; and by way of answer, a bright faced young girl presented herself in the door-way—ft girl with shining brown tresses tied with blue ribbon, sott brown eyes, and a fresh, blooming complexion, like the pink blossoms that cluster on the kahnia bushes in May. "Well, au*t?" she said. "I've been wanting to speak to you for some time, Olive, dear—sit down," purred Mrs. Jennifer. "Your uncle's circumstances are not what they were, as I suppose you are aware?" "I did not know it," said Olive, slightly changing color. When people are quite dependent on the bounty and good graces of others, they arc apt to be slightly sensitive. "He hss been obliged to expend a good deal of money of late, and—l knew you would be perfectly willing to do all you could, if you knew his situa tion—" ''Certainly, aunt!" said Olive, ner vously twisting her fingers together. "And of course, in a large family like ours, every additional member is felt as an additional burden." "But, aunt," burst out Olive, "I don't understand you. What do you. mean? What is it that you want me to do?" "Pray don't speak so loud, Olivet" remonstrated Mrs. Jennifer, wildly el evating her eyebrows. "You are so brusque—so startling. I was only going to tell you that Mrs. Parkman mentioned to me yesterday that she wanted a new hand, and that—" Olive Martin bit her lip—the hot color started up to her cheek. "A dressmaker, aunt?" "And why not?" calmly retorted Mr?. Jennifer. "It is the duty ol every young woman to do something to earn an hon est livelihood." Olive thought of her Cousin Elise, white handed and elegant, who did not even make her own bed or dust her own room; she remembered the two damaels whose business it was to wait upon Mrs. Jennifer and her younger daughters. She knew that although her own father had died in wretchedly destitute circum stances, yet the time had been when ho helped Mr. Jennifer in such a manner that the latter had solemnly promised never to forget the benefits rendered to him; and she also knew that upon that father's deathbed, Moses Jennifer had resolved to take his place toward his or phaned child, so long as they both should live. "Does my uncle know of this?" she asked, suddenly lifting he frank brown eyes to the crafty face of the matron. "Certainly 1" calmly lied Mrs. Jenni fer, without so much as a conscience stricken blush. "Tten it is settled," said Olive, with a certain gusp in her throat.. "I will be a dressmaker!" "Is thig really and actually your wish, my dear?" asked kind Moses Jennifer, when Olive told him of her determina tion that evening. "Is it not yours, uncle?" Mr. Jennifer looked up with a little startled glauce as the question was asked. "My wish is for whatever will make you feel happy, child 1" Moses answered, for in his secret heart he believed that Olive Martin was not content in his fam ily, and deeply regretted the circum stance. After Olive had left the room he turned to his wife. "She doesn't seem so crazy after the idea as you gave me to suppose, Marga ret 1" he said. "You can't always judge by her man ner, Moses," answered the subtle wife, who would have deluded the serpent's own self had she D«eu in Mother Eve's place in Paradise. "I am sorry to be obliged to say so, but I do think she is ».little inclined to be deceitful!" "Poor child, poor child I" muttered Most* Jennifer, "We must ramuabcr* LAPORTE, PA., FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 25, 1892. my dear, that she is fatherless and motherless 1" Mrs. Jennifer rolled up her eyes santi moniously. "I've always endeavored to act a ma ternal part toward her, Moses," she sighed. But not until Olive Martin was safely installed in Mrs. Parkman's work-rooms did Mrs. Jennifer breathe freely. "She was actually luring Clarence Walbridge away from Elise under my very eyes and nose!" thought the virtu ous matron. "Clarence Walbridge, who is the best parti in town. Well, there's no end to the pretensions of these coun try-bred girls. I wonder what he could possibly have seen in her big eyes, and melancholy, pursed-up mouth! But now Elise will have a fair chance, poor dear!" And Miss Elise Jennifer was duly posted in what she ought to do and say upon the occasion of Mr. Walbridge's next visit—a washed-out pink and white beauty, with freckled cheeks, flaxen bair, frizzed into the similitude of a yel low cloud, and very red lips, which she was perpetually biting, to presrrvo their coral bloom! "I'll do my best, ma," said Elise, "but I never know what to talk about wheu I am with Mr. Walbridge!" "Pshaw!" quoth Mrs. Jennifer, "I'm sure Olive Martin could talk fast enough." "But Cousin Olive knows more than I do," confessed innocent Elise. Mr. Walbridge came as usual that eve ning, and was simperingly welcomed by Elise Jennifer, in a becoming blue silk dress, with a rose in her yellow flossy hair and blue knots of ribbon fluttering wherever a blue kuot could possibly be placed. "Is your cousin at home?" the young man asked, rather unceremoniously, and Miss Elise recollected her lesson. "Oh, didn't you kqow," quoth she, artlessly, "Olive has left us?" "Lett you?" echoed Clarence Wal bridge, more disappointed than he chose to own to himself. "What for?" Elise lifted her brows, looked at the carpet, and tried to assume an arch ex pression of counteuance. "Of course I can't be expected te know certainly, "she said, "but mamma and I both had our suspicions. In short, I don't know really how to explain, but I've reason to suppose she has gone away to be married." "To be married?" "Some faithful cavalier, I believe, who knew her in the days before her poor dear father died—it's all very ro mantic, and we're so sorry to lose her!" "What is his name?" bluntly asked Mr. Walbridge. Elise hesitated—her lesson had not embraced this point, but she knew she must say something, and lispingly an swered: "Mr. John Smith." At this moment Mrs. Jennifer came in all smiles. "I am so busy since my niece left us," she said, blandly. "I miss her terribly; but of course it was my duty to oppose no obstacles since Mr. Darcy had been so faithful!" "Mr. Darcy!" "Yes, the young gentleman in ques tion." Elise turned the color of carmine, but she had not presence of mind to extri cate herself from the gulf of misrepre sentation into which she had fallen, and Mr. Walbridge quietly laid all these things up in bis mind. "Oh, mamma!" cried Elise, when her visitor was gone, "how could you say his name was Darcy, when I bad told Mr. Walbridge it was John' Smith!" Mrs. Jennifer looked blank—but hope, that "springs eternal in the human breast." came to her relief, most for tunately. "Oh, I don't believe he noticed it," said she. "Darcy is a better name than Smith—we'll stick to Darcy for the fu ture, my love 1" . And Clarence Walbridge, who had somehow allowed himself to become strangely interested in Miss Martin's blooming face and lovely, pleading eyes, went straight to Mr, Jennifer's law office. "He, at least, can sptak the truth," he thought, "which is more than one can venture to assert of Mrs. Jennifer and the fair Elise." "Walbridge came to my office this afternoon," said Moses, bluntly, at din ner, as he pluuged his carving fork into the juicy depths of a sirloin of beef. "He asked me where Olive Martin had gone. Do you know, wife, I believe he really is interested in the little thing, and it would be a first rate thing for her, for —" "What did you tell him?" breath lessly interrupted Mrs. Jennifer, pausing in her occupation of preparing the dress ing for a plate of lobster. "Why, 1 said she'd gone to learn dressmaking at Mrs. Parkman's, to be sure. What should I tell him I" "Oh, Moses!" groaned Mrs. Jennifer. "Oh, papa!" shrieked Elise. Honest Moses stared helplessly from one to the other. "What do you both mean?" he de manded. "What have I done?" But he could get no satisfactory infor mation from either of the ladies. Olive Martin was busy over the puff ings of a blue satin skirt, wheu Mrs. Parkman came into the room. "A gentleman to see Miss Martin," said she, primly. "As a general thing, it is against my rule to allow my young ladies to receive company pertaining to the other sex, but—" But Olive escaped from the room be fore the lecture was half over, to sec Clarence Walbridge in the shop without. "Well, Olive," he said, gayly, as he took both her hands in his, "you see I have (ound you out!" "Found me out?" she repeated, blush ing very much, and looking radiantly pretty. "Tell me honestly, OH ve!" he pursued, "is it John Smith or Mr, Darcy?" I"I don't know what y«u meaul" And hs explained to her the story that had been related to him by Mrs. Jennife: and Miss Elise. "It is false I" cried Olive, with spar kling eyes and reddened cheeks. "How dared they invent such tales about me' I left Uocle Jennifer's because my aun hinted to me that my maintenance had become a burden, and that I ought t< support myself. I could not eat the bit ter bread of dependence, Mr. Walbridge. And I do not know what motive thej could possibly have bad for giving such a false reason for my departure." '•I can guess!" said Clarence Wal bridge, shrewdly. "But we will leave that question for future discussion, Olive. There is another one which is of mucb more present importance to met" "What is it?" Olive innocently asked. "Whether or not you will become my wife?" "Mr. Walbridge!" "My own darling little Olivet But you need not speak. I know from your eyes that it is 'yes!' " And so ended probably the firtt court ship that was ever happily consummated in Mrs. Parkmau's show-rooms. Mr. Jennifer was the only member of the lamily who was really pleased at his niece's good luck, matrimonially speak ing. Elise and her mamma had some how fallen into their own trap—nor was it a pleasant sensation. But Cupid protects his own.—New York Weekly. Weather Lore of the Suit. Among the people of all couutries and ages, says the St. Louis Republic, the sun's leduess on rising or setting has always been regarded as omnious. These notions have furnished material for many proverbs. An old English adage in forms us that— If red the sun begins his race. Be sure that rain will fall apace. Even Christ alludes to the same popu lar Idea of tho sun's color and its rela tion to wet or dry weather, where he says (Matthew xvi., 2, 3): "When it is evening, ye say, It will be clear weather: for the sky k red. And iiijthe morning, It will be foul weather to-day: for the sky is red and lowering." It may be remembered, too, how graph ically Shakespeare puts forth this same proverb in his "Venus and Adonis:'' Like a red morn, that ever yet betokened Wreck to the seaman, te:npest to tho fields. Sorrow to the shepherd, WOJ unto the birds, Ojsts and foul flaws to the herdsmen and to herds. If we turn to European observations we find that the Italians says: "If the morn be red, rain is at hand," and, again, "if the sky be red when the morn ing star is shining, there will be rain during the week." As is well known, however, a red sunset 's just as propit ious as a red rising is unlucky—"a red sky at night being a shepherd's de light," and according to a saying very popular when the writer was a child— Evening red, morning gray, ISends the traveler on his way. In Germany it is commonly said that "a red sunset and a gray rising sets the pilgrim a-walking." At Malta the stable boy will tell you tha* "a red sunset says: 'Get your horse ready for to-morrow.' " In "Richard lll."Shakespeare gives us the same proverb in different words' The weary sun bath made a golden set. And, by the bright track of his fiery car, Qives token of a goodly day to-morrow. Indeed, there are numerous proverbs on this subject, all to the same purpose, an ancient Scotch rhyme being as fol lows: The evening rel and the morning gray Is a sign ot a bright an 1 cheery day; Evening gray ana morning red— Put on your hat or you'll wet your head Preserving Ropes. In order to insure more safety in ropes used for scaffolding purposes, particu larly in localities where the atmosphere is destructive of hemp fiber, such ropes should be dipped when dry into a bath containing twenty grains of sulphate of copper per liter ol water, and kept in soak in this solution some four days, af terward being dried. The ropes will thus have absorbed a certain quantity of sulphate of copper, which will preserve them for somo time both from the At tacks of animal parasites and from rot. The copper salt may be fixed in the fiber by a coating of tar or by soapy water, and in order to do this it may be passed through a bath of boiled tar, hot, drawing it through a thimble to press back the excess of tar and suspending it afterward on a staging to dry and hard en. In a second method the rope is soaked in a solution of 100 grains ol soap per liter of water.--English Me chanic. How R innet is Prepared. Rennet is the dried stomach of a milk ted calf. The stomach used is that in which the milk is found. It is emptied of the milk and filled with salt and hung up for a week, when the salt is shaken out and it is stretched over a bent twig to keep iti'.spread. It is then hung up to dry, and should be kept in a paper bag to pre-erve it from the flies and beetles that might spoil it. For use, a piece two inches square is taken for 100 pounds of milk aud steeped in warm water for a few hours, a handful of salt being added. Or the stomachs may be steeped in briue after being salted, and after some days' steeping the liquid is strained oil and bottled for use.—New York Times. Liberian CofTte. The Liberian coffee is a species of comparatively recent introduction to commerce; it is a native of Africa, culti vated and grown in Liberia. The plant is ol larger and stronger growth than the Arabian coffee plant, and the fruit is larger. It has been reported as being more prolific than the ordinary coffee plant, but according to Mr. Saunders, of the Department of Agriculture, the statement has not been borne out In Brazil and Mexico, where it has been tested. It is also more teider than the older known species.—New York World. SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL. By a new device you can blow out the gas. Rice is the least nitrogenous of all grains. The average depth of sand in an Afri can desert is thought to be from thirty to forty feet. The only existing bird which has a five-toed foot, when in adult life, is said to be the Dorking fowl. There is a large factory near Chicago, 111., which does a profitable business in manufacturing useful articles from the waste blood of animals. Reviving au old project, a French company proposes that lightships con nected by telegraph be stationed at in tervals of 200 miles across the Atlantic. An English experimenter, E. T. Chap lin, has given an account of hypnotizing a laying hen, and inducing her in that manner to sit on a sitting of eggs until seven of them bad hatched out. Pictures arc taken now of patients at various stages of disease, and a compar ison of those with photographs of others similarly afflicted discloses phenomena of great interest and value to medical science. Portland cement will not do for caulk ing the joints of greenhouse pipes. Al ternate layers of oakum and red lead, well rammed in, is the proper stopping, aud does not crack or shrink like cement would; and again, Portland cement, even if it answered in other respects, would give too rigid a joint. Some one has estimated that twenty two acres of land is needed to sustain a man on flesh, while that amount of land sown with wheat will feed forty-two persons sowed to oats, eighty-eight; to potatoes, Indian corn and rice, 176 per sons, and planted with the bread fruit tree, over 6000 people could be fed. Salt affects the freezing of ice cream by causing the ice to melt, on account of its own slight affinity for water. The ice in melting rapidly absorbs heat or renders heat latent, and hence reduces the temperature below that of ice, which simply melts by beat acquired from sur rounding objects by conduction or con vection of air. Light travels at the rate of 213,000 miles a second, a velocity which causes the rays from the moon to reach us in a little less thin a second and a quarter. The rays of Jupiter ate fifty-two minutes in reaching us. It would take millions of years tor the same beams to reach in if their starting point was from one of the fixed stars. The red glow of the planet Mars has puzzled everybody but a French astron omer, who gives it his opinion that the vegetation of that far-away world is crimson instead of green. He also says that he hasn't the least doubt but that there are single flowers on the war god's surface which are as large as the incor porated limits of Paris. The introduction of electrically driven coa! cutters and other mining machinery is making rapid progress in the bitumi nous mining regions of the Central West. The importance of this line of work will be apparent from the figures of produc tion, which show that last year 150,000,- 000 tons of this coal were mined in the United States, principally west of the &lleghenies. Piscatory authorities of the highest itanding tell us that were it not lor na ture's grand "evening-up" provisions, the fishes of the seas would multiply so rapidly that within three short years they would fill the waters to such sn extent that there would be no room for them to swim. This will hardly be disputed when it is kuown that a single female cod will lay 45,000,000 eggs in a single season. The Chinaman's "Fellow Oath." One of the strangest judicial proceed ings. perhaps, ever witnessed is that of the Chinaman taking what he is pleased to call the "yellow oath." The "oath," or declaration, is always written on a piece of "sacred" paper and is as fol lows: This is to call the spirits, both good and evil, to descend and watch over the trial of —, who is charged with mur dering . If I swear falsely and tell one untruth, or do not make statements according to the facts in the case, I humbly beg the celestial terrestial spirits to redress the wrong done to and to punish me immediately for having been a false witness; to arrest my soul in its flight; to make me perish by the sword, or to cause me to die while on the sea far from home. This is my true snd solemn oath, uttered by my own lips, and signed by mo this, the day of the month in the year of the reign of the Emperor ; and in proof of the earnestness of my declara tions, may my soul be destroyed as I now destroy this paper, by fire." Im mediately after the witness finishes read ing his "yellow oath," a lighted candle is Hftftded to him and the paper is given as food for the flames. To the writer's certain knowledge this form of oath has been administered but once in an Ameri can court of justice—during the trial of Wong Ah Foo, who was accused of murdering Loj Ah Gou at San Francisco in 1885. Id. China the candle used in this extraordinary ceremonial is made from the fat of criminals who hs-o un dergone the death penalty.—St. Louis Republic. Number of Cattle in the United States. The exaot cumber of cattle in the United States during any year cannot be determined, but it is estimated to be at the present time between 45,000,000 and 50,000,000 head. Their distribution is given in the Census reports, but in these the range cattle and those on ordinary farms are not placed in distinct classes. For instance, in the Tenth Census (188$) Texas is credited witn having 4,004,- 605 head of cattle, but whether they all run out on the range or a part are kept on small farms we are net informed.--* New York Sue, Terms—ll.oo in Advance; 51.25 after Three Months. NAVIGATION'S "DAY MARK." ' PLACING DISTINGUISHING AND CARING TOR BUOYS. Each Buoy Is Plaoert ami Marked Under a Caretul System—Whis tling Buoys and Bell Buoys. ~nr LL who have visited the ap / \ proaches to a staport town have / 55 5 ! noticed the numerous buoys £ and ruf.iks which are placed there as aids to navigation. Tugging and jerkiug at their chains as the tide sucks in around them, or ly ing quietly upon the placid waters of some sheltered bay, are black buoys and red buoys, buoys with horizontal black and red stripes, buoys with blnck and white vertical stripes, and diog-douging bell buoys. Well out to sea lie much larger buoys, called mammoth buoys, gripping the sand with their iron claws. Though these marks and buoys may seem to have been put haphazard here and there, each has a meaning. The place that each shall occupy is carefully chosen for it, and its arrangement is governed by a careful system. These aids to navigation, which are called "day marks" in contradistinction to the lights and beacons, fall under the jurisdiction of the Lighthouse Board. The coast of the United States, in cluding the lakes and navigable rivers, is divided into sixteen districts. A naval officer is in charge of each. Under his direction all the buoys in his district are placed. In all the districts similar buoys mean the same thing, and a buoy that has a particular distinguishing color on the coast of Maine has the same significance if in the Bay of Mobile or off the coast of Oregon. So the mariner who sails into Bostou Harbor is guided and di rected exactly in the same way as ho who enters the tiolden Gate. Not only are the colors and positions of the buoys given on the Coast Survey Charts, but the Lighthouse Board pub lishes a yearly list, which is distributed gratuitously for the benefit of com merce, in which each of its about five thousand buoys is located and described. Coming into port from sea, the first buoy that we pass may be a mammoth buoy. I say "may be," because these buoys are only used in special cases,such as to mark the approaches to channels over bars or shoals that lie at a con siderable distance from the coast. The entrances to most harbors do not require any such special marks. The buoys that designate the channel, and which lie on either side of it, are red and black. The red buoys, which all have eveu uuinbers, must be left on the starboard or right hand in passing in from sea, while tha bijfck buoys, alway* with odd numbers, must be left on the port hand. Iu case there arc two or more chan nels, they are distinguishe 1 by a differ ence either in size or shape of the buoys. There are, in addition to the buoys already mentioned, two other kinds which are also fog signals, na'nely, the whistling buoy and the bsll buoy. The whistling buoy is used off the coast to mark dangerous outlying shoals or other obstructions to navigation. It is surmounted by a locomotive whistle, which is made to sound by the rushing through it cf air admitted and com pressed by the rising and sinking motion of the buoy. These buoys are well adapted to turbulent waters, as the more violent the sea the louder the sound caused. Like some restless spirit chained to the ocean's bed, they can but sadly moan their fate under smiling skies and unbroken seas; but when buffeted by the waves and tempest-tossed, thej shriek their lamentations fiercely, and warn the mariuor to beware the spot they mark. They are not pleasant neighbors. Their sound is frequently heard at a dis tance of teu miles, and under very favor able circumstances it has been beard fif teen miles. The bell buoy consists of the bottom section of a buoy floating in the witer, on which is mounted a framew.irk bear ing a bell which, lustead of the ordiuary tongue and clapper, has a small cannou ball supported on a platform just under neath the ball's mouth. This ball rolls to and fro with every motion of the sea. These buoys are used in harbors and rivers where the water is smoother than in the roadsteads, and where it is not necessary that their sound shall be heard a great distance. Ordinary buoys, uot of the whistling or bell variety, are made of either iron or wood. Thoso of iron are hollow, with air-tight compartments, and are of three shapes, called respectively nun, can and ice buoys. The nun buoy is almost conical in shape; the can buoy approaches the cylindrical form, and the ice buoy is very long and narrow, and resembles the spar buoy iu form. The wooden or spar buoys are sticks ranging in length from twelve to sixty feet, and painted accordiug to the uses to which they are to be put. The lower end is fitted for a mooring chain. A buoy has many vicissitude 9 , ami is exposed to many dangers. Passing steamers run down the iron buoys and rip them open,, or cut off big pieces of spar buoys with their sharp propeller blades. As the iron buoys are made in com partments, they are seldom sunk by such collisions, but their line of floatation is often so lowered that they have to be re placed. Again,despite the fact that the United States laws punish by a liue of one thou sand dollars any one who is couvicted of unlawfully injuring any work for the improvement of navigation—and this iu addition to other penalties provided for by the different States—the very people for whose benefit these buoys are lafd often unlawfully make fast their vessels to them, and them out of position. Again, the ice, floating down in masse', parts the mooring caain, or tears the mooring anchor from its hold, aad carries the buoy far out to sea, to break upoa the hornoo of tome astonished mwiuer.—Youth's Companion. NO. 7. ■BEYOND THE ALPS LIES ITALY.* A fresh memorial to vanished youth. The sweet girl graduate, with flower face, Her eye* so full of trust, her heart of truth, Looking o'er all the world to find her place, Her theme holds weighty words, and thoughts so staid, A travesty on life in phrase austere; But youthful confidence is unafraid, And gladness vibrates in the tones so clear: "Beyond the Alps lies Italy P The joy of triumph, and of proud applause. Sweet floral offerings, the music's stir I Fair, sunny slope of youth 1 Oh, let us pause, And linger in this girlhood's glade witu her. Ere yet she climbs those rugged steeps of life, Where womanhood with all its mystery lies. Remember, ere you goto meet its strife, O, maiden innocent, grown strangely wise,— ■'Beyond the Alps lies Italy P * The essay soon will yellow grow with time. The years will string their rosary of tears. Weary and footsore, we the hilts must climb. And stumble o'er the Btones of cares an I fears. The mists of doubt will all the landscape veil. The summit lies so very far away; The feet may falter, and the courage fail. The stern pale lips will quiver, then, to say: "Beyond the Alps lies Italy P O, when the hamls that helpel you up the slope Shall loose the clasp we cannot always keep; When in the night of pain you upward grope— Blinded by tear?, with lagging footsteps creef; Then let your girlhood's maxim cheer your heart— A peal of joy through all life's sad realm— Though here we love and lose, and meet an 1 part, There is a height where pleasure conquers pain— "Beyond the Alps lies Italy J ll —Anna B. Patten, in Youth's Companion. HUMOR OF THE DAY. 'Tis better to be tried by tire than to be fired after being tried.—Frankhu News. People who cling to the anchor of hope often have togo down into the mud with it.—Puck. Man is ninety per cent, water; anil, like water, lie finds it easier togo down hill than to climb.—Puck. She—"Do you think Penelope will suit him?" lie—"~ies, she'll have to— and feed him and shoe him too." The man who puts his heart in his work often has very little of it left to bring home to his family.—Puck. The camel and the swan are just the opposite to each other, the camel always has his back up while the swan's back is always down.—Truth. A stoic is a man who has so keen an appreciation of the intensity of sensations that he is ashamed to acknowledge his own real feelings.—Puck. •'What would you do if you were met" "I don't know, I'm sure. I don't believe I'd bear it as well as you do."—Binghamtou Leader. Womau never realizes what perfidious scoundrels men can be until she mar ries one of them and gives him a letter to mail.—New York Heraid. Experience Uaches, maybe; But a man is too wise by half, To wake up his second baby For the sake of seeing it taugh. —Mercury. "I told Soper yesterday that the club he belonged to was a set of stupid fools, and to-day they have gone and elected me an honorary member."—Commercial Bulletin. "You must regulate your clothing by the weather," said the physiciau. "Doc tor," said the despairing patient, "what do you think I am, a 'lightning-change' artist?"—Washington Star. "I'm going into it and put it through. It you wers half a man you'd do it too." "I've no objection?, sir; but then you see," I am not half a man— though you may be. —Judge. It is difficult for the belated clubman to realize that the towering female who stands at the head of the stairs is the timid little girl who once fainted in his arms at the sight of a mouse.—Tid- Bits. "Bill," said the burglar, "there ain't nothin' in this safe but a recipted mill iner's bill." "Is that so?" "Yes, I'm goij' to quit this biz. It doesn'i pay. There's too much competition in it,"— Washington Star. "Miss Passeigh seems very contented. She says she wouldn't change places with a queen." "Oh, dear inc!" said Miss Pepperton. "Don't you know that a queen's birthday is a matter of official record?"---Washington Star. Dear friends, be not unhappy. If you cra't get what you waut in this world, be assured that there is a plentitude of things that you don't want waiting for you. There is always enough '*iu the world, but most of it is a misfit,-t-Puck. Young Husband—"You are develop ing into an excellent housekeeper. We have not had half the usual expenses in tue last three weeks. How in the. world did you manage it!" Young Wife—"l had the things charged."—Texa» Sift ings. Strawber—"l sec that a porter on the Boston express died very suddenly the other day." Singerly—"What was the cause of his death?" Strawber— "Someone succeeded in opening a win dow and he uccidently inhaled a quantity of fresh air.":—New York Herald. "Do >OII i\iean to say y ut et that pie the womau give vef" said the tramp to his companion. '-"Yep. Ye see my dog was with me, and ef I had throwed it away Rube would a tackled it, sure. He's a mighty good dog, snd his health ain't b««a nous «112 the but lately."
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers