IS Hill II IDE
illBH?
5
"Question Discussed by
; Dr. Joseph A. Hill in
Government Report
* on Insane
— _
jGREAT INCREASE
j IN INSTITUTIONS
Cannot Be Regarded, However, as Con
clusive Proof That the Same Con
ditions Exist Outside of the Hos
pitals for the Insane
, Washington, D. C., Dec. 16.—1s in
•anity in the United States on the in
crease f This question is discussed b(y
S)r. Joseph A. iHill in the government
Ifeport on the Insane in Institutions,
•oou to be issued by Wiililam J. Harris,
Director of the Census, in the Depart
ment of Commerce. That there has
keen an enormous increase in the num
ber of insane under institutional care
is made evident by the statistics pre
sented in this report, but, for reasons
there set forth, this in itself can not
ibe regarded as conclusive proof of an
increase of insanity in the general pop
ulation outside of institutions.
The number of insane reported in in
stitutions increased from 154),151 in
3 904 to 187,791 in 1910—an increase
ff 25 per cent, in six years. The total
Population of the United States in the
tame interval increased only 12 per
Vent. Therefore, the insane in insti
tutions increased twice as fast as the
population. In 1904, out of every
100,000 persons in the total population,
IS4 were reported in institutions for
£iie insane; by 1910 the number had
mrreascd to 204. In other words, in
Z9O 4 one person out of ev»ry 543 was
Confined to an institution for the in
sane, in 1910 one person out of every
<9O. There was a similarly marked in
crease in tiie number of annual admis
sions lo these institutions, 60,76$ per
sons having been admitted in 1910, as
<Kinpared with 49,622 in 1 904, an in
crease of 22 per cent. The number of
admissions per 100,000 population in
creased from til in 1904 to 66 in 1910.
Cause of Increase
These increases are at least partly
attributable to the extension of the pro
visions made for t>he care of insane
persons and to the growth of the prac
tice of placing them in institutions.
There is an increasing disposition and
willingness on t'he part of the public
to accept institutional treatment. The
old-time horror of the lunatic asylum,'
fully justified, perhaps, by the inhuman
practices formerly prevailing in suoh in
stitutions, has largely disappeared, and
it is coming to be recognized that the
modern institution for the insane is
simply a hospital for the treatment of
mental diseases, fulfilling essential l<y
the same purpose in the community as
any other hospital for the sick. In the
interval between 1904 and 1910 tfhe
number of institutions for the insane
increased from 328 to 366, the average
number of inmates per institution in
creasing from 458 to 512.
Insane Asylums Overcrowded
Notwithstanding these developments,
the provisions for the institutional care
fcf the insane are still very inadequate
in most parts of the United States.
There are general complaints of over
crowded institutions and of the neces
sity of turning patients away. Un
i'er such conditions, the construction of
si new hospital for tlie insane or the ex
tension of an existing one may be fol
lowed by an increase in tlie number of
ii -ane in institutions without being in
dicative of aiVv increase in the preva
lence of insanity in the community
from which t'he patients are received.
At the same time therp has been a
great improvement in the agencies for
discovering cases of insanity and
bringing them under institutional care.
The advance in methods of medical di
agnosis leads to the detection of mental
disease in cases 'brought to general hos
pitals for the sick. The institution for
the insane is becoming more generally
accessible not only by t)he increase in
the number of such institutions, 'but also
bv the improvements in the means of
transportation and communication. The
Rutomolbilc is mentioned as a factor of
some importance in this connection,
making it possible to bring to the hos
pital patients in poor physical condi
tion. These are some of ihe influences
which, as stated in this report, may
have "contributed to the apparent in
crease of insanity or to the increase in
the number of recognized and roforded
cases without being indicative of any
Actual increase.'' The author of this
report believes that there has been, at
the same time, an actual increase of in
sanity, but that it is not as great as
the statistics of the number of insane
in institutions would indicate.
An increase of insanity is probably
in some degree a natural consequence
of the rapid growth of cities in the
I'nited States. Between 18S0 and 1910
the proportion of the population of the
l.'nited States living in urban commu
nities increased about 190 per cent
while the rural population increased
only about 40 per cent. As a result
46 per cent, of the total population of
the United States was urban in 1910,
as compared with 29 per cent, in 1880.
The percentage living in cities of over
100,000 inhabitants nearly doubled in
the same interval, being 12.4 per cent,
in 1880 and 22 per cent, in 1910.
More in City Than Country
There has been a popular impression
that the lonely isolation of country
life is an important cause of insanity.
The statistics, however, indicate that
more insanity is caused by the stress
and strain, t'ho keener competition, the
congested housing conditions, ami the
vice and dissipation of city life, in
proportion to population the number
of inmates of hospitals for the insane
received from urban communities is
twice as great as the number received
from rural districts. Of the 60,769
persons admitted to insane hospitals in
1910, 36,654 came from cities, villages,
or other incorporated places of more
than 2,500 inhabitants, while 20,442
enme from the smaller towns or country
districts, ieavin« 3,673 for whom the
place of residence was not reported. Of
more significance, however, are the
1 statistics showing the number of ad
missions** in proportion to the total
population of each class of communi
ties. From rural communities 41 in-.
the extreme weaknees often results In
impaired bearing, weakened eyesight,
bronchitis and other troubles, bat If
Scott's Em virion is given promptly,
it carries strength to the organs Av
and creates rich blood to build dRSjk
up the depleted forces. TUT
Children thrive on Scotf< Emuhion. n Iff
14-71 It I* from Alcohol
sane persons were admitted per 100,-
000 population; from the urban com
munities the ratio was 86 per 100,000.
These figures cover the entire United
States, but there is a similar difference
in all sections of the country. Every
where the ratio of admissions is high
er, and usually much higher, from ur
ban than from rural communities, al
though the contrast is rather less strik
ing in New England han in other ge
ographic divisions. It seems probable,
therefore, that the increase in the pro
portion of total population living in
cities has resulted in an increase of in
sanity.
Effects of Vice and Dissipation
A partial explanation of the differ
ence between city and country, as re
gards their contributions to the hos
pitals for thie insane, is found in the
statistics of cases of general paralysis
and of alcoholic psychosis. These are
forms of insanity which, directly or in
directly, are caused by vice or dissipa
tion. Of the total number of persons
admitted to hospitals in 1910, 16.8 per
cent., or more than one-sixth, were
afflicted with one or the other of these
diseases. This class of cases, howover,
formed only 10.4 per cent., or one
tenth, of the admissions from rural
communities, as compared with 21 per
cent, or one-fifth, of the admissions
froth urban communities. The ratio of
such cases to 100,000 population was
4.3 for rural communities, as compared
with 18 for urban; that is to say, in
proportion to population, the cases of
this character received from the city
were about four and one-half times as
numerous as those from the country.
When the cases of alcoholic psychosis
and general paralysis are left "out of
account the ratio of admissions to hos
pitals for the insane still remains high
er from urban communities than from
rural, but the contrast becomes less
striking, ,the ratio for the other cases
of insanity being 6S per 100,000 for
urban population, as compare.! with 37
per 100,000 for rural.
EX-NEWSIES TO SELL PAPERS
50 Wealthy Detroit Men WiU Recall
Past for Charity's Sake
Detroit, Dec. 16.—"Newsies" of I
Detroit—not the poorly clad little
chaps who sell papers on the streets—
but the prosperous business men who
were '' newsies '' years ago—will sell
papers for charity next Monday to aid |
the " Goodfellows " work.
It was James J. Brady, United I
States Collector of Internal Revenue,
a near-milliouaire if not quite one in
fact, who conceived the idea. Little;
Jintmie Brady used to sell papers at j
Fort and GriswoKd street, where now
stands tho Majestic Building. Standing j
there yesterday, Mr. Brady held in his
hand the newspaper \v ii a cartoon
showing a " Goodfellowr*' walking down
the street with the giro 4 of his forfner
self, a little newsboy, walking by his
side as his inspiration.
"That hits me," he said, and at
once he issued a call to all the Detroit
men of wealth and position who once
sold papers on the streets of Detroit to
throw aside their years, their business
worries and their dignity and sell pa
pers.
Fourteen of them have already re
sponded, and Mr. Brady expressed his
opinion that half a hundred will again
wear the newsboys' badge. Monday is'
to be "old time newsboys' day/" Be-1
tween 11 a. m. and 1.30 p. m. staid I
business men, many of great wealth, |
will sell newspapers to the charitably
inclined.
HAM THIEF "LIFER'' PAROLED
Only Smiled at Extreme Sentence, Aft
er Years in Prison
Lansing, Mich., Dec. 16.—Governor
Ferris has ordered the parole of Michi
gan 's most widely known prisoner,
Lewis Oliver, a "lifer" in Marquette,
known as the man who was sentenced
for life for stealing a ham.
Oliver was sent to Marquette by
Judge Howard Wiest, of the Ingham
County Circuit Court, under the habit
ual criminal act. It was Oliver's third
conviction for burglary.
In IS9I Oliver was sent to Jackson
for three years for burglary. In less
than three years he was back. The
second time the Judge sentenced him
to 10 years in Jackson and warned him
that if he came back a third time he
would get life under the law. The sec
ond sentence began Marok 23, 1894,
and on March 28, 1904, Oliver broke
into a meat store and stole two hams
and what cash was in the drawer,
$3.50. He wanted to plead guilty, but
Judge Wiest refused the plea. Oliver
was convicted and smiled at the sen
tence when it was delivered.
Promote Mine Officials
Hazlcton, Dec. 16.—The Lehigh
Vial ley Coal Company yesterday an
nounced that Dellwyn Wolfe, of Ma
li an ov City, chief engineer of the De
lano division, will on January 1 take
the general inside su,pexintendency of
tihe Lchigh-Coxe division mines at
Hazleton, succeeding Thomas R. Jones,
who has been made superintendent of
the Delano division.
Man Killed By Fall
Joihnsftown, Dec. 16.—Kicking at a
woman who -was ten feet away, Andrew
Coa-tas plunged down a flight of stairs
at Btamiesboro. His sikull was crushed
and ho died.
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HARRISBURG STAR-INDEPENDENT, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 16, 1914.
WATCHFUL NEUTRALITY IS
ITALY'S POSITION. SAYS
PREMIER TOTHE DEPUTIES
Rome, Dee. 15, 6.20 A. M. (Debqyed
in Transmission). —A vote of confidence
in the government and its policies was
adapted almost unanimously to-day by
tho Chamber of Deputies. Previous to
the vote 'Premier S&landra delivered a
speech to the deputies, in wihioh he re
affirmed his statement made in a pre
vious address that ItaJy's positron was
one of watchful neutrality. He said
that nothing had happened to warrant
any change in that position.
"What I can guarantee," he de
clared, "is that the government will
follow a purely Italian policy, ibut in
saying this I do not mean that we will
disregard the policies of the great Pow
ers or the grouping of the Powers light
ing for the" supremacy of the world.
Italy is satisfied l in protecting her »oble
traditions and preparing for her great
future."
T'he Premier refused to make aiiy
predictions, as same members urged hi" l
to do. He said that the government
would be sincere and that if it made
mistakes those would ibe paid for ibv the
.country. Regarding what was already
past, he declared that Italy had a
right to proclaim her neutrality and
that if she had bargained fo* it she
would have dishonored herself. He con
cluded by saying: ''Now is the time
to be silent and to act."
RUSSIANS INFLiCT GREAT
LOSSES ON TRE GERMANS
Petrograd, Dec. 16.—The ''Army
Messenger" publishes a scries of com
munications from tho front, as follows:
"On the front of Lowiez and How
violent Gentian attacks have had no
success. Our troops have repulsed the
Germans, causing them to suffer great
losses.
"South of Cracow the enemy at
tempted between the 12th and 14th of
December to oppose our offensive by
strengthening its position. On the 18th
the enemy debouched in large numbers
from the pass of Dukla and attempted
to descend the slopes on the north side
of the Carpathians. Our troops, after
a strong resistance, repulsed the ene
my. '
Von Beulow Starts for Rome
Amsterdam, Via London, Dec. 16,
8.55 A. M.—A Berlin telegram an
nounces that Prince Bernhard Von Beu
lov, tho former German chancellor,
who recently accepted the post of Am
bassador to Italy, left for Home oil
Tuesday.
General Bronsart Von Schellendorf,
tho former Prussian minister of war, is
dead.
Delay Operation on Kaiser
London, Dec. 16.—'A dispatch from
Munich to the "Central News" says
that it has been finally decided to oper
ate on Kaiser Wilhelm's throat, but
that the operation is being deferred ow
ing to the feverish condition of the
Kaiser.
FLESH FO§IHC FOOD
When you buy a package of Saraose, j
the great flesh-forming food, weigh
yourself and see how much you gain in '
the first week's use. H. ('. Kennedy |
will tell of many of his customers who
a month or so ago were thin, pale and |
haggard, but who are now, through the
use of Samose. plump, strong and j
happy, with perfect health and attrac-:
tive flesh. He has seen so many in-1
stances of the wonderful power of Sa-'
mose to restore the weak and sick to
strength and health, and to make good
natural flesh that he gives his personal
guarantee with every package of Sa- i
mose he sells to refund the money if it :
does not prove satisfactory.
Saniose is a pure preparation, and |
can be used with absolute confidence by !
the most delicate. It gives remarkable i
results with children who are weak and j
run down and without appetite. Adv. j
BRITISH SUBMARINE THAT BRA VED CHAIN OF MINES AND SUNK TURKISH BATTLESHIP
/ T OF ©WISH
; ttf' ' ' ' ■'■ 1 '-
THE TURKISH afIfTTLESHIP MESSUO*CH
' "*"1
Even greater than the rejoicing
which followed the victory of Vice Ad
rniral Sir Frederick C. I). Sturdee in the
South Atlantic was the measure of en-,
liusiasm throughout the United King
doui which greeted the official an-j
louncement of the daring exploit of the!
Urittsh submarine B-11.
With the stealth of a panther and'
luring which surpasses everything
litberto recorded in British naval his-i
ory, the B-11, commanded by Lieu ;
cnant Commander Norman B. Hoi-1
rook, of the Royal Navy, braved de
traction by five separate chains of
lines laid in the most treacherous of
urrents and sent the Turkish battle
hip Messudieb to the bottom of the
t.irdanellea.
As a Just reward for their Intrepld
y Lieutenant Commander Holbrook
od his crew escaped in their gub
erged craft, running the gauutlet of
ueavy gunfire from other war ships of
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Every Auermetall Table lighter is sold
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1333H Arch St., Phila., Pa..
Agents wanted.
CZAR FINISHES INSPECTION
TOUR OF FRONTS IN CAUCASUS
Petrograd, Dec. 16.—Official an
nouncement is made that Emperor
Nicholas, having finished his tour of in
spection of tho Russian army fronts in
the Caucasus, left that region on De
combpr 15.
A communication from the staff of
the army in the Caucasus, dated De
cember 13, says that recent engage
ments of the Russian forces have been
insignificant.
RETROCESSION OF TRENTINO
AGAIN DISCUSSED IN ROME
London, Dec. 16. —A dispatch from
Rome to tho "Morning Post" repeats
tho suggestion previously made that
Prince Buelow when he arrives as Am
bassador from tlei'inany will endeavor
to purchase Italy's continued neutral
ity 'by the promise of the retrocession
of Treutino, formerly Italian territory,
but now under the Austrian flag.
It is dou'btful, the correspondent
adds, whether the Austrian military
party would consent to the deal and
cedo the province.
Treutino is of some strategic and of
great Continental importance to Italy,
because oif its Italian population, 'but it
does not possess great economic value.
A curious belief is current among the
Italian peasantry in one district where
it is said that the German Emperor
has been converted to Mohammedan
ism, and is therefore bent on destroy
ing cathedrals, such as that of Rhcinis.
Closes Record Contract
London, Dec. 1 6. —Charles IM. Schwab
will leave for New York to-day, after
a four-day stay in London. Mr.
Schwab's extensive business contracts
aro probably the greatest ever obtained
i>v a single individual. They are now
completed, BO far as signing agreements
is Concerned.
Christmas Ship Leaves Genoa
Genoa, Dec. 16.—The United States
naval collier Jason, which brought
Christmas gifts gatherod from the
American people for the children of
t'he belligerent powers, left here yes
terday for Salouica.
the Turkish fleet and the shore forts.
Elusive as a living thins, the sub
marine direr manoeuvred, came to the
surface and dived again, finally escap
ing unharmed from th« guns, pursuing
BELGIANS LOST 144.000
MEN SINCE START OF WAR
Berlin, Dee. 16, by Way of Sayville.
—The official press 'bureau, in its budg
et given out to-day, has the following:
"The newspaper 'Figaro,' of Paris,
reports t'hat the Belgian troops are suf
fering from typhoid, dysentery and
cholera. Their casualties sinee the
commencement of the war have been
25,000 killed, 52,000 wounded, 35,-
000 caiptuxed and now prisoners in Ger
many and 32,000 interned in Holland.
' 'Major Morhait, in the ' Tagetolatt,'
points out that the Austrian offensive
in West Galicia proves that harmonv of
action prevails between the Austrlans
and Germans. The Austrian successes
'between Cracow and Nowywandec, he
says, has a higlhly important strategic
bearing, not only diverting the Russian
left wing, tout endangering it if it does
not. retire.
"The total number of unwounded
Russian prisoners, including officers, is
now 475,650."
KHEDIVE GOES TO VIENNA TO
CONFER WITH THE AUSTRIAN'S
London, Dec. 16, 10.10 A. IM.—A
dispatch to t'he "Central News" from
Constantinople via Amsterdam states
tlhait Khedive Abbas iHilmi, of Egypt,
has gone to Vienna for a conference
with t!he Austrian authorities.
Abbas Hilmi has 'been in 'Constanti
nople for some time and according to
reiports was preparing to lead a Turk
ish army into Tgypt to wrest control of
'his country from the British. His'pro-
Ottoman leanings, it has been stated,
caused his exile from his own country.
Recently there lhave (been reports from
British sources that he would be de
posed at Khedive and that 'Prince .Hes
seiu Pastha would reign in! his stead.
Austrlans Pour Over Dukla Passes
London, Dec. 16, 4.10 A. M.—Tele
graphing 'from Petrograd the "Times"
correspondent says:
"Austrian columns are pouring over
the Dukla passes (Carpathan mountains)
into Galicia. Grand Duke Nicholas
records this fact without tho slightest
comment and (die consensus of military
opinion here indicates his attitude of
complete equanimity."
27 Namur Priests Killed
'Havre, Dec. 16. —The list of priests
killed in the bishopric of Namur alone
is appalling. Twenty-seven names ap
pear in the list, which does not include
twelve priests who have disappeared
since tho German invasion. There is no
information regarding these. In tho
diocese of .Liege six priests 'have been
killed.
4,000,0(10 Eggs Sent Abroad
Boston, Mass., Dec. 16.—i Pour mil
lion eggs, tho largest single shipment
ever sent from this country, were load
ed yesterday on the steamship Anglian,
which sailed early this morning for
Loudon. The eggs came from cold stor
age IIOUSOB in Chicago, and are valued
at SBO,OOO.
German Coal Shortage
Berne, Switzerland, Dec. 16.—Owing
to the number of German coal miners
under arms, some important coal mines
in the Mannheim district lhave been so
greatly reduced in output that there is
difficulty in supplying the demand for
coal. The supply of anthracite in par
ticular is low.
UNMARRIED BY COURT
Woman Wedded Before Divorce From
First Husband Was Valid
Wilmington, Del., Dec. 16.—Harry
Wordle, knowu as "Knockout" Harry
j Baker, the pugilist, is no longer mar
ried. The court so decided yesterday
morning. Attorney General Wolcott
brought to the attention of the court
the fact that Mary K. Sims, who got
a decree nisi from her husband in May
last, had gone to Maryland with Wordle
and been married on May 30.
Under a decree nisi there can be no
marriage in a year, and at the request j
of tho Attorney General, the decree I
| was vacated, which leaves the woman
j the wife of her iirst husband and not of
I Baker. The Attorney General declared
j that hereafter such cases would be
destroyers and difficult currents. On
one occasion she was under water sev
eral hours.
Although her torpedo thrust did not
take wich toll in human life as did that
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If wanted by mail, 10 cents extra.
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PRISONER INHERITS SB,OOO
His Wife, Trenton Trained Nurse,
Leaves Him a Snug Estate
Elizabeth, N. J., Doc. l(i.—Through
t'hc deatib of his wife, who was a train
ed nurse in Trenton, Charles Botke, ft
prisoner in the county jail, inherits an
estate estimated to be worth more than
SB,OOO.
When told at' his inheritance. Botke
said lie and his wife agreed seven years
ago that they were not congenially
mated. T'hey separated wilder an agree
i of the German submarine U-9, which
■ sent the . British cruisers Creasy, i
Aboukir and Hogtie to their doom off
i Heligoland In September, the B-ll's i
t feat is regarded is England an utucb
nient that neithor shoirkl remarry or
Court the afl'ections otf another.
Botke said he had heard nothing
from his wife in the last four years.
Bat.ke is serving six months. On Sep
tember 11, he ploeded guilty to stab
bing Peter* /aliner in a qojarrel about
the war.
Willie Wants to Know
"*Pa, how can guns kick when t'hey
have no leg's!"
"Don't ask absurd questions."
"Guns haven't any legs, have they,
pat"
"Certainly not."
"Well, then, what's the use of their
having 'breeches!'' —Boston Transcript.
! greater. The raid by the U-9, how
ever, was made In the open sea, in
home waters, where the danger from
mines was all on the side of her vic
tlms. , '
The feat of the B-ll has served te
convince the British public of one fact
concerning which there might have
been a lingering doubt It Is that the
efficiency of the British submarine lg
as great as that of the German, and
that when opportunity presents itself
the British commanders may be relied
upon to dare as great dangers as have
bittecrto bees dreamed ot
9