IS Hill II IDE illBH? 5 "Question Discussed by ; Dr. Joseph A. Hill in Government Report * on Insane — _ jGREAT INCREASE j IN INSTITUTIONS Cannot Be Regarded, However, as Con clusive Proof That the Same Con ditions Exist Outside of the Hos pitals for the Insane , Washington, D. C., Dec. 16.—1s in •anity in the United States on the in crease f This question is discussed b(y S)r. Joseph A. iHill in the government Ifeport on the Insane in Institutions, •oou to be issued by Wiililam J. Harris, Director of the Census, in the Depart ment of Commerce. That there has keen an enormous increase in the num ber of insane under institutional care is made evident by the statistics pre sented in this report, but, for reasons there set forth, this in itself can not ibe regarded as conclusive proof of an increase of insanity in the general pop ulation outside of institutions. The number of insane reported in in stitutions increased from 154),151 in 3 904 to 187,791 in 1910—an increase ff 25 per cent, in six years. The total Population of the United States in the tame interval increased only 12 per Vent. Therefore, the insane in insti tutions increased twice as fast as the population. In 1904, out of every 100,000 persons in the total population, IS4 were reported in institutions for £iie insane; by 1910 the number had mrreascd to 204. In other words, in Z9O 4 one person out of ev»ry 543 was Confined to an institution for the in sane, in 1910 one person out of every <9O. There was a similarly marked in crease in tiie number of annual admis sions lo these institutions, 60,76$ per sons having been admitted in 1910, as <Kinpared with 49,622 in 1 904, an in crease of 22 per cent. The number of admissions per 100,000 population in creased from til in 1904 to 66 in 1910. Cause of Increase These increases are at least partly attributable to the extension of the pro visions made for t>he care of insane persons and to the growth of the prac tice of placing them in institutions. There is an increasing disposition and willingness on t'he part of the public to accept institutional treatment. The old-time horror of the lunatic asylum,' fully justified, perhaps, by the inhuman practices formerly prevailing in suoh in stitutions, has largely disappeared, and it is coming to be recognized that the modern institution for the insane is simply a hospital for the treatment of mental diseases, fulfilling essential l<y the same purpose in the community as any other hospital for the sick. In the interval between 1904 and 1910 tfhe number of institutions for the insane increased from 328 to 366, the average number of inmates per institution in creasing from 458 to 512. Insane Asylums Overcrowded Notwithstanding these developments, the provisions for the institutional care fcf the insane are still very inadequate in most parts of the United States. There are general complaints of over crowded institutions and of the neces sity of turning patients away. Un i'er such conditions, the construction of si new hospital for tlie insane or the ex tension of an existing one may be fol lowed by an increase in tlie number of ii -ane in institutions without being in dicative of aiVv increase in the preva lence of insanity in the community from which t'he patients are received. At the same time therp has been a great improvement in the agencies for discovering cases of insanity and bringing them under institutional care. The advance in methods of medical di agnosis leads to the detection of mental disease in cases 'brought to general hos pitals for the sick. The institution for the insane is becoming more generally accessible not only by t)he increase in the number of such institutions, 'but also bv the improvements in the means of transportation and communication. The Rutomolbilc is mentioned as a factor of some importance in this connection, making it possible to bring to the hos pital patients in poor physical condi tion. These are some of ihe influences which, as stated in this report, may have "contributed to the apparent in crease of insanity or to the increase in the number of recognized and roforded cases without being indicative of any Actual increase.'' The author of this report believes that there has been, at the same time, an actual increase of in sanity, but that it is not as great as the statistics of the number of insane in institutions would indicate. An increase of insanity is probably in some degree a natural consequence of the rapid growth of cities in the I'nited States. Between 18S0 and 1910 the proportion of the population of the l.'nited States living in urban commu nities increased about 190 per cent while the rural population increased only about 40 per cent. As a result 46 per cent, of the total population of the United States was urban in 1910, as compared with 29 per cent, in 1880. The percentage living in cities of over 100,000 inhabitants nearly doubled in the same interval, being 12.4 per cent, in 1880 and 22 per cent, in 1910. More in City Than Country There has been a popular impression that the lonely isolation of country life is an important cause of insanity. The statistics, however, indicate that more insanity is caused by the stress and strain, t'ho keener competition, the congested housing conditions, ami the vice and dissipation of city life, in proportion to population the number of inmates of hospitals for the insane received from urban communities is twice as great as the number received from rural districts. Of the 60,769 persons admitted to insane hospitals in 1910, 36,654 came from cities, villages, or other incorporated places of more than 2,500 inhabitants, while 20,442 enme from the smaller towns or country districts, ieavin« 3,673 for whom the place of residence was not reported. Of more significance, however, are the 1 statistics showing the number of ad missions** in proportion to the total population of each class of communi ties. From rural communities 41 in-. the extreme weaknees often results In impaired bearing, weakened eyesight, bronchitis and other troubles, bat If Scott's Em virion is given promptly, it carries strength to the organs Av and creates rich blood to build dRSjk up the depleted forces. TUT Children thrive on Scotf< Emuhion. n Iff 14-71 It I* from Alcohol sane persons were admitted per 100,- 000 population; from the urban com munities the ratio was 86 per 100,000. These figures cover the entire United States, but there is a similar difference in all sections of the country. Every where the ratio of admissions is high er, and usually much higher, from ur ban than from rural communities, al though the contrast is rather less strik ing in New England han in other ge ographic divisions. It seems probable, therefore, that the increase in the pro portion of total population living in cities has resulted in an increase of in sanity. Effects of Vice and Dissipation A partial explanation of the differ ence between city and country, as re gards their contributions to the hos pitals for thie insane, is found in the statistics of cases of general paralysis and of alcoholic psychosis. These are forms of insanity which, directly or in directly, are caused by vice or dissipa tion. Of the total number of persons admitted to hospitals in 1910, 16.8 per cent., or more than one-sixth, were afflicted with one or the other of these diseases. This class of cases, howover, formed only 10.4 per cent., or one tenth, of the admissions from rural communities, as compared with 21 per cent, or one-fifth, of the admissions froth urban communities. The ratio of such cases to 100,000 population was 4.3 for rural communities, as compared with 18 for urban; that is to say, in proportion to population, the cases of this character received from the city were about four and one-half times as numerous as those from the country. When the cases of alcoholic psychosis and general paralysis are left "out of account the ratio of admissions to hos pitals for the insane still remains high er from urban communities than from rural, but the contrast becomes less striking, ,the ratio for the other cases of insanity being 6S per 100,000 for urban population, as compare.! with 37 per 100,000 for rural. EX-NEWSIES TO SELL PAPERS 50 Wealthy Detroit Men WiU Recall Past for Charity's Sake Detroit, Dec. 16.—"Newsies" of I Detroit—not the poorly clad little chaps who sell papers on the streets— but the prosperous business men who were '' newsies '' years ago—will sell papers for charity next Monday to aid | the " Goodfellows " work. It was James J. Brady, United I States Collector of Internal Revenue, a near-milliouaire if not quite one in fact, who conceived the idea. Little; Jintmie Brady used to sell papers at j Fort and GriswoKd street, where now stands tho Majestic Building. Standing j there yesterday, Mr. Brady held in his hand the newspaper \v ii a cartoon showing a " Goodfellowr*' walking down the street with the giro 4 of his forfner self, a little newsboy, walking by his side as his inspiration. "That hits me," he said, and at once he issued a call to all the Detroit men of wealth and position who once sold papers on the streets of Detroit to throw aside their years, their business worries and their dignity and sell pa pers. Fourteen of them have already re sponded, and Mr. Brady expressed his opinion that half a hundred will again wear the newsboys' badge. Monday is' to be "old time newsboys' day/" Be-1 tween 11 a. m. and 1.30 p. m. staid I business men, many of great wealth, | will sell newspapers to the charitably inclined. HAM THIEF "LIFER'' PAROLED Only Smiled at Extreme Sentence, Aft er Years in Prison Lansing, Mich., Dec. 16.—Governor Ferris has ordered the parole of Michi gan 's most widely known prisoner, Lewis Oliver, a "lifer" in Marquette, known as the man who was sentenced for life for stealing a ham. Oliver was sent to Marquette by Judge Howard Wiest, of the Ingham County Circuit Court, under the habit ual criminal act. It was Oliver's third conviction for burglary. In IS9I Oliver was sent to Jackson for three years for burglary. In less than three years he was back. The second time the Judge sentenced him to 10 years in Jackson and warned him that if he came back a third time he would get life under the law. The sec ond sentence began Marok 23, 1894, and on March 28, 1904, Oliver broke into a meat store and stole two hams and what cash was in the drawer, $3.50. He wanted to plead guilty, but Judge Wiest refused the plea. Oliver was convicted and smiled at the sen tence when it was delivered. Promote Mine Officials Hazlcton, Dec. 16.—The Lehigh Vial ley Coal Company yesterday an nounced that Dellwyn Wolfe, of Ma li an ov City, chief engineer of the De lano division, will on January 1 take the general inside su,pexintendency of tihe Lchigh-Coxe division mines at Hazleton, succeeding Thomas R. Jones, who has been made superintendent of the Delano division. Man Killed By Fall Joihnsftown, Dec. 16.—Kicking at a woman who -was ten feet away, Andrew Coa-tas plunged down a flight of stairs at Btamiesboro. His sikull was crushed and ho died. $1.50 Just Think $1.50 Buys the Greatest Phonograph Invention of the Age A PHONOGRAPH i u.w t'LAYS any size and all inukes of records, producing the same sound as any high-grade talk ing machine. 1 Record and I'nekfiKr of Needlra Free with machine. Sent by Parcel Post, pre paid, everywhere JAY B. IKISKMtKIM CO., Mpplucott lildK., I'ltlln., Pa. HARRISBURG STAR-INDEPENDENT, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 16, 1914. WATCHFUL NEUTRALITY IS ITALY'S POSITION. SAYS PREMIER TOTHE DEPUTIES Rome, Dee. 15, 6.20 A. M. (Debqyed in Transmission). —A vote of confidence in the government and its policies was adapted almost unanimously to-day by tho Chamber of Deputies. Previous to the vote 'Premier S&landra delivered a speech to the deputies, in wihioh he re affirmed his statement made in a pre vious address that ItaJy's positron was one of watchful neutrality. He said that nothing had happened to warrant any change in that position. "What I can guarantee," he de clared, "is that the government will follow a purely Italian policy, ibut in saying this I do not mean that we will disregard the policies of the great Pow ers or the grouping of the Powers light ing for the" supremacy of the world. Italy is satisfied l in protecting her »oble traditions and preparing for her great future." T'he Premier refused to make aiiy predictions, as same members urged hi" l to do. He said that the government would be sincere and that if it made mistakes those would ibe paid for ibv the .country. Regarding what was already past, he declared that Italy had a right to proclaim her neutrality and that if she had bargained fo* it she would have dishonored herself. He con cluded by saying: ''Now is the time to be silent and to act." RUSSIANS INFLiCT GREAT LOSSES ON TRE GERMANS Petrograd, Dec. 16.—The ''Army Messenger" publishes a scries of com munications from tho front, as follows: "On the front of Lowiez and How violent Gentian attacks have had no success. Our troops have repulsed the Germans, causing them to suffer great losses. "South of Cracow the enemy at tempted between the 12th and 14th of December to oppose our offensive by strengthening its position. On the 18th the enemy debouched in large numbers from the pass of Dukla and attempted to descend the slopes on the north side of the Carpathians. Our troops, after a strong resistance, repulsed the ene my. ' Von Beulow Starts for Rome Amsterdam, Via London, Dec. 16, 8.55 A. M.—A Berlin telegram an nounces that Prince Bernhard Von Beu lov, tho former German chancellor, who recently accepted the post of Am bassador to Italy, left for Home oil Tuesday. General Bronsart Von Schellendorf, tho former Prussian minister of war, is dead. Delay Operation on Kaiser London, Dec. 16.—'A dispatch from Munich to the "Central News" says that it has been finally decided to oper ate on Kaiser Wilhelm's throat, but that the operation is being deferred ow ing to the feverish condition of the Kaiser. FLESH FO§IHC FOOD When you buy a package of Saraose, j the great flesh-forming food, weigh yourself and see how much you gain in ' the first week's use. H. ('. Kennedy | will tell of many of his customers who a month or so ago were thin, pale and | haggard, but who are now, through the use of Samose. plump, strong and j happy, with perfect health and attrac-: tive flesh. He has seen so many in-1 stances of the wonderful power of Sa-' mose to restore the weak and sick to strength and health, and to make good natural flesh that he gives his personal guarantee with every package of Sa- i mose he sells to refund the money if it : does not prove satisfactory. Saniose is a pure preparation, and | can be used with absolute confidence by ! the most delicate. It gives remarkable i results with children who are weak and j run down and without appetite. Adv. j BRITISH SUBMARINE THAT BRA VED CHAIN OF MINES AND SUNK TURKISH BATTLESHIP / T OF ©WISH ; ttf' ' ' ' ■'■ 1 '- THE TURKISH afIfTTLESHIP MESSUO*CH ' "*"1 Even greater than the rejoicing which followed the victory of Vice Ad rniral Sir Frederick C. I). Sturdee in the South Atlantic was the measure of en-, liusiasm throughout the United King doui which greeted the official an-j louncement of the daring exploit of the! Urittsh submarine B-11. With the stealth of a panther and' luring which surpasses everything litberto recorded in British naval his-i ory, the B-11, commanded by Lieu ; cnant Commander Norman B. Hoi-1 rook, of the Royal Navy, braved de traction by five separate chains of lines laid in the most treacherous of urrents and sent the Turkish battle hip Messudieb to the bottom of the t.irdanellea. As a Just reward for their Intrepld y Lieutenant Commander Holbrook od his crew escaped in their gub erged craft, running the gauutlet of ueavy gunfire from other war ships of Pocket Cigar Lightn .T-t 11 m AND CLUTCH PENCIL. gW 7/; » Highly Nlckel-PUttd. w / Jviwt what the «virac« S man need*. Ctgmr Light er and Peacd Combined. Clip attached, so It can he fastened to coat or vegt pocket. Price Auermetal Table Lighter Everlasting Iron Matsh A highly ftnlshsd orna- ■! !■ mental ash receiver. ■ IBV Tank all brass. ■! IWyx Guaranteed to Girt M Light at All Tine* kov' > No more burnt Sent Prfpsld J Ash Receiver & Cigar Holder An Q All Brass Ornament T K? ry til Bright I !! Rn " h No mechanical parts to get oat of order. Abraded like m match. No wick or anj other part to renew. Can be used as • torrh. For family use. cafes, elnbs. etc. AN EVERLASTING IRON MATCH No more burnt table clotha. Carpets saved from burning; matches. Will pay for Itself in a short time by eliminating the cost and danger of matohes. £4 CA Price, postpaid Every Auermetall Table lighter is sold under the guarantee for any length of time, if directions are followed. PERFECTION SALES CO. 1333H Arch St., Phila., Pa.. Agents wanted. CZAR FINISHES INSPECTION TOUR OF FRONTS IN CAUCASUS Petrograd, Dec. 16.—Official an nouncement is made that Emperor Nicholas, having finished his tour of in spection of tho Russian army fronts in the Caucasus, left that region on De combpr 15. A communication from the staff of the army in the Caucasus, dated De cember 13, says that recent engage ments of the Russian forces have been insignificant. RETROCESSION OF TRENTINO AGAIN DISCUSSED IN ROME London, Dec. 16. —A dispatch from Rome to tho "Morning Post" repeats tho suggestion previously made that Prince Buelow when he arrives as Am bassador from tlei'inany will endeavor to purchase Italy's continued neutral ity 'by the promise of the retrocession of Treutino, formerly Italian territory, but now under the Austrian flag. It is dou'btful, the correspondent adds, whether the Austrian military party would consent to the deal and cedo the province. Treutino is of some strategic and of great Continental importance to Italy, because oif its Italian population, 'but it does not possess great economic value. A curious belief is current among the Italian peasantry in one district where it is said that the German Emperor has been converted to Mohammedan ism, and is therefore bent on destroy ing cathedrals, such as that of Rhcinis. Closes Record Contract London, Dec. 1 6. —Charles IM. Schwab will leave for New York to-day, after a four-day stay in London. Mr. Schwab's extensive business contracts aro probably the greatest ever obtained i>v a single individual. They are now completed, BO far as signing agreements is Concerned. Christmas Ship Leaves Genoa Genoa, Dec. 16.—The United States naval collier Jason, which brought Christmas gifts gatherod from the American people for the children of t'he belligerent powers, left here yes terday for Salouica. the Turkish fleet and the shore forts. Elusive as a living thins, the sub marine direr manoeuvred, came to the surface and dived again, finally escap ing unharmed from th« guns, pursuing BELGIANS LOST 144.000 MEN SINCE START OF WAR Berlin, Dee. 16, by Way of Sayville. —The official press 'bureau, in its budg et given out to-day, has the following: "The newspaper 'Figaro,' of Paris, reports t'hat the Belgian troops are suf fering from typhoid, dysentery and cholera. Their casualties sinee the commencement of the war have been 25,000 killed, 52,000 wounded, 35,- 000 caiptuxed and now prisoners in Ger many and 32,000 interned in Holland. ' 'Major Morhait, in the ' Tagetolatt,' points out that the Austrian offensive in West Galicia proves that harmonv of action prevails between the Austrlans and Germans. The Austrian successes 'between Cracow and Nowywandec, he says, has a higlhly important strategic bearing, not only diverting the Russian left wing, tout endangering it if it does not. retire. "The total number of unwounded Russian prisoners, including officers, is now 475,650." KHEDIVE GOES TO VIENNA TO CONFER WITH THE AUSTRIAN'S London, Dec. 16, 10.10 A. IM.—A dispatch to t'he "Central News" from Constantinople via Amsterdam states tlhait Khedive Abbas iHilmi, of Egypt, has gone to Vienna for a conference with t!he Austrian authorities. Abbas Hilmi has 'been in 'Constanti nople for some time and according to reiports was preparing to lead a Turk ish army into Tgypt to wrest control of 'his country from the British. His'pro- Ottoman leanings, it has been stated, caused his exile from his own country. Recently there lhave (been reports from British sources that he would be de posed at Khedive and that 'Prince .Hes seiu Pastha would reign in! his stead. Austrlans Pour Over Dukla Passes London, Dec. 16, 4.10 A. M.—Tele graphing 'from Petrograd the "Times" correspondent says: "Austrian columns are pouring over the Dukla passes (Carpathan mountains) into Galicia. Grand Duke Nicholas records this fact without tho slightest comment and (die consensus of military opinion here indicates his attitude of complete equanimity." 27 Namur Priests Killed 'Havre, Dec. 16. —The list of priests killed in the bishopric of Namur alone is appalling. Twenty-seven names ap pear in the list, which does not include twelve priests who have disappeared since tho German invasion. There is no information regarding these. In tho diocese of .Liege six priests 'have been killed. 4,000,0(10 Eggs Sent Abroad Boston, Mass., Dec. 16.—i Pour mil lion eggs, tho largest single shipment ever sent from this country, were load ed yesterday on the steamship Anglian, which sailed early this morning for Loudon. The eggs came from cold stor age IIOUSOB in Chicago, and are valued at SBO,OOO. German Coal Shortage Berne, Switzerland, Dec. 16.—Owing to the number of German coal miners under arms, some important coal mines in the Mannheim district lhave been so greatly reduced in output that there is difficulty in supplying the demand for coal. The supply of anthracite in par ticular is low. UNMARRIED BY COURT Woman Wedded Before Divorce From First Husband Was Valid Wilmington, Del., Dec. 16.—Harry Wordle, knowu as "Knockout" Harry j Baker, the pugilist, is no longer mar ried. The court so decided yesterday morning. Attorney General Wolcott brought to the attention of the court the fact that Mary K. Sims, who got a decree nisi from her husband in May last, had gone to Maryland with Wordle and been married on May 30. Under a decree nisi there can be no marriage in a year, and at the request j of tho Attorney General, the decree I | was vacated, which leaves the woman j the wife of her iirst husband and not of I Baker. The Attorney General declared j that hereafter such cases would be destroyers and difficult currents. On one occasion she was under water sev eral hours. Although her torpedo thrust did not take wich toll in human life as did that For Star-Independent Readers' Christmas Presents Fancy Sterling Silver Initial Tumblers ALMOST FREE TO STAR-INDEPENDENT READERS r m SIX I _, y.JII - FOR -• FANCY f r\\ qnt v " STERLING 2 CL |f **■ SILVER I I 29 1 ONE INITIAL 'IL ' ~ JT COUPON THINBLOWN I FROM TUMBLERS I , [ THE STAR- IJf 111 INDEPENDENT . CAPACITY I 1 1 AND H PINT || j 48 CENTS jjpjjjjp Women readers of THE STAB-INDEPENDENT will not need much in the way of persuasion to see the unusual value of this new offer. The tumblers are of the finest thin-lilovn glass, and are decorated with a very dainty sterling silver iuitial desigtf and silver-banded rim. The set will look well on the table or in the china closet. Your own initial on each glass. Each set is put up in a heavy corrugated carton with six compart ments. THESE FANCY INITIAL TUMBLERS were never sold in the ordinary way at such a low price. You may now obtain this set at a nominal cost by clipping the coupon which appears on page 2 in this issue and by presenting it, with 48 cents, at the ollice of THE STAR-INDEPENDENT If wanted by mail, 10 cents extra. brought at once to the attention of the court, and the prosecutions for bigamy are possible. PRISONER INHERITS SB,OOO His Wife, Trenton Trained Nurse, Leaves Him a Snug Estate Elizabeth, N. J., Doc. l(i.—Through t'hc deatib of his wife, who was a train ed nurse in Trenton, Charles Botke, ft prisoner in the county jail, inherits an estate estimated to be worth more than SB,OOO. When told at' his inheritance. Botke said lie and his wife agreed seven years ago that they were not congenially mated. T'hey separated wilder an agree i of the German submarine U-9, which ■ sent the . British cruisers Creasy, i Aboukir and Hogtie to their doom off i Heligoland In September, the B-ll's i t feat is regarded is England an utucb nient that neithor shoirkl remarry or Court the afl'ections otf another. Botke said he had heard nothing from his wife in the last four years. Bat.ke is serving six months. On Sep tember 11, he ploeded guilty to stab bing Peter* /aliner in a qojarrel about the war. Willie Wants to Know "*Pa, how can guns kick when t'hey have no leg's!" "Don't ask absurd questions." "Guns haven't any legs, have they, pat" "Certainly not." "Well, then, what's the use of their having 'breeches!'' —Boston Transcript. ! greater. The raid by the U-9, how ever, was made In the open sea, in home waters, where the danger from mines was all on the side of her vic tlms. , ' The feat of the B-ll has served te convince the British public of one fact concerning which there might have been a lingering doubt It Is that the efficiency of the British submarine lg as great as that of the German, and that when opportunity presents itself the British commanders may be relied upon to dare as great dangers as have bittecrto bees dreamed ot 9
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers