0":-Ilevoted to Politics, Foreign and Domestic Intelligence, Literature, Science, . .14riculture, the &Mechanic &Irts, Internal Improvement, and General &Miscellany...4x' ment to the disavowal contained in the mes sage itself, of any intention to intimidate by menace—he truly declared that it contain ed,and was intended to contain,no charge of ill faita again 4 the King of the French, and properly distinguished between the right to complain, in unexceptionable terms, of the 'omission to execute an agreement, and an accusation of bad motives in willih.)ld.ng such execution; and demonstrated that the necessary use of that right ought not to he considered as an offensive imputation. Al- though Miscommunication was made with. oat instructions, and entirely on the Minis ter's own responsibility, yet it was after wards made the act of this Government by my full approbation, and that approbation was officially made known, on the 25th of April,lB3s,to the French Government. It, however,failed to have any effect. The law after this friendly explanation, passed with the obnoxious amendment, supported by the King's Ministers, and was finally approved by the King. The People of the U. States are justly at tached to a pacific system in their inter- Course with foreign nations. It is proper, therefore, that they should know whether their Government has adhered to it. In the present instance, it has been carried to the utmost extent, that was consistent with a becoming self respect. The note of the 29th of January, to which I have before al luded, was not the only one which our Min ister took upon himself the responsibility of presenting, on the same subject, and in the same spirit. Finding that it was intended to make the payment of a just debt depen dent on the performance of a condition which he knew could never be complied with, he thought it a duty to mtike another attempt to convince the French Government, that whilst self-respect and regard to the dignity of other nations would always prevent us .from using any language that ought to give offence,yet we could never admit a right in any foreign Government to ask explana. tions of, or to interfere in any manner in,the communications which one branch of our public councils wile with another: that in the present case, no such language had been used, and that this had in a former note been fully and voluntarily stated before it was contemplated to make the explanation a con. dition: and that there might be no misap. prehension,he stated the terms used in that note, and he officially informed them that it had been approved by the President: and that, therefore, every explanation which could reasonably be askod,or honorably giv en, had been already made—that the con templated measure had been anticipated by a voluntary and friendly declaration, and was therefore not only useless, but might be deemed offensive,and certainly would not be complied with,if annexed as a condition. When this latter communication,to which I especially invite the attention of Congress, was laid before me, I entertained the hope that the means it was obviously intended to afford, of an honorable and speedy adjust. meat of the difficulties between the two na ttons, would have been accepted; and therefore did not hesitate to give it my sanc tion and full approbation. This was due to the Minister who had made himself respon sible for the act; and it was published to the People of the U. States, and is now laid be- fore their representatives, to show how far their Executive has gone in its endeavors to restore a good understanding between the two countries. It would have been at any time communicated to the Government of France, had it been officially requested. The French Government having receiv ed all the explanation which honor and prin ciple permitted, and which could in reason be asked, it was hoped it would no longer hesitate to pay thelnstalments now due.— The agent authorized to receive the money, was instructed to inform the French Minis- ter of his readiness to do so. In reply to this notice, he was told that the money could not then be paid, because the formalities re- quired by the act of the Chambers had no been arranged. Not having received any official commu nication of the intentions of the French Go. vernment, and anxious to bring, as far as practicable, this unpleasant affair to a close before the meeting of Congress, that you might have the whole subject before you, I caused our Charge d'Affaires at Paris, to be instructed to ask for the final determination of the French Government; and in the event of their relivel to pay the instalments now due, without further explanations, to return to the United States. The result of this last application has not yet reached us,but is dailyexpected. That it may be favorable, is ray sincere wish.— France having now, through all the branch es of her Government,acknowledged the va lidity of our claims,and the obligation of the treaty of 1831, and there really existing no adequate cause for further delay, will at length, it may be hoped, adopt the course which the interests of both nations, not less than the principles of justice,so imperiously require. The treaty being once executed on her part,little will remain to disturb the friendly relations of the two countries; noth ing indeed which will not yield to the Bug gestions ofa pacific and enlightened policy, and to the influence of that mutual good will, and those onerous recollections, which we may confidently meet will then be revived in all their ancient force. In any event,however,the principle imply. ed in the new aspect which has been given to the cantroversy,is so vitally important to the independent administration of the Gov. eratnnt. that it can neither be surrendered nor compromitted without national degiada lion. I hope it is unnecessary for me to say, that strh a sacrifice will not be made through any agency of mine. The .honor of my country shall never be stained by an apotogy from me, for the .statement of truth _ . .an# the performance of duty; nor can I give any explanation of my official acts, except sueli,as is. due to integrity and. justice, and consistent with the principle on which our institutions have beam framed. This deter. 111111altietti will, Lam confident, be approved THE GETTYSBURG STAR & R,FIPUBLIC.AN BANNER. iby my constituents. 1 have, indeed,studied 1 their character to but little purpose, if the I sum of twenty-five millions of francs will I have the weight of a feather in the estima -1 tion of what appertains to their national in• dependence; and tf,unhappily,a different im pression should at any time obtain, in any quarter, they will, I am sure,rally round the Government of their choice, with alacrity & unantmity,and silence forever the degrading imputation. Having thus frankly presented to you the circumstances which, since the last session of Congress,have occurred in thisinterest ing and important matter, with the views of the Executive in regard to them,it is at this time I only necessary to add,that whenever the ad vices,now daily expected from our Charge d'Afraires,shall have been received,they will be made the subject of a special communi cation. The condition ofthe Public Finances was never more flattering than at the present pe riod. Since my last annual communication, all the remains of the Public Debt have been re deemed, or money has been placed in depo site for this purpose,whenever the creditors choose to receive it. All the other pecuniary engagements of the Government have been honorably and promptly fulfilled; and there will be a balance in the Treasury at the close of the present year, of about nineteen mil lions of dollars. It is believed, that after meeting all outstanding and unexpended ap propriations, there will remain near eleven millions, to be applied to any new objects which Congress may designate, or to the more rapid execution of the works already in progress. In aid of these objects, and to satisfy the current expenditures of the ensu ing year,it is estimated that there will be re ceived,from varioub sources,twenty millions more in 1830. Should Congress make new appropria tions,in conformity with the estimates which will be submitted from the proper depart. ments,amounting to about twenty-four mil lions,still the available surplus at the close ofthe next year,after deducting all unexpen ded appropriations, will probably be not less than six millions. This sum can, in my judgment,be now usefully applied to propos ed improvements in our Navy Yards,and to new national works, which are not enumer ated in the present estimates, or to the more rapid completion of those already begun.— Either would be constitutional and useful, & would render unnecessary any attempt, in our present peculiar condition, to divide the surplus revenue, or to reduce it any faster than will be effected by the existing laws. In any event, as the annual report from the Secretary of the Treasury will enter into details, showing the probability of some de crease in the revenue during the next seven years, and a very considerable deduction in 1842, it is not recommended that Congress should undertake to modify the present tar iff, so as to distarb the principles on which the compromise act was passed. Taxation on some of the articles of general consump tion, which are not in competition with our own productions, may be, no doubt, so di minished, as to lessen, to Rime extent, the source of this revenue, and the same object can also be assisted by more liberal provi sions for the subjects of public defence,which in the present state of our prosperity and wealth,may be expected to engage your at- tention. lf,however,after satisfying all the demands which can arise from these sources, the unexpended balance in the Treasury should still continue to increase, it would be bolter to bear with the evil until the great changes contemplated in our tariff lawe. have occurred, and shall enable us to revise the system with that care and circumspection which are due to so delicate and important a subject. It is certainly our duty to diminish, as far as we can,the burdens of taxation,and to re gard all the restrictions which are imposed on the trade and navigation of our citizens, as evils which we shall mitigate whenever we are not prevented by the adverse legis- lotion and policy of foreign nations,or those primary duties which the defence and iride- pendence of our country enjoin upon us.— That we have accomplished much towards the relief of our citizens by the changes which have accompanied the payment of the Public Debt,and the adoption of the present revenue laws, is manifest from the fact that compared with 1833, there is a diminution of near twenty-five millions in the last two years,& that our expenditures,independently of those for the public debt,have been reduc ed near nine millions during the same pe riod. Let us trust, that by the continued observance of economy,and by harmonizing the great interests of agriculture, manufac tures,and commerce,much more may be ac• complished to diminish the burdens of Gov- ernment,and to increase still further the en- terprise and the patriotic affection of all classes of our citizens, and all the members of our happy confederacy. As the data which the Secretary of the Treasury will lay before you in regard to our financial re- sources, are full and extended,and will afford a safe guide in your future calculations, I think it unnecessary to offer any further oh- servations on that subject here. Among the evidences of the increasing prosperity of the country,not the least grati. tying is that afforded by the receipts from the sales of the Publirt Lands,which amount, in the present year, to the unexpected sum of $11,000,000. This circumstance attests the rapidity with which agriculturF,the first and most important occupation of man, ad- vances, and contributes •to the wealth and power of our extended territory. Being still of the opinion that it is our best policy,as fur as we can, oansistently with the obligations under which those lands were ceded to the U. States, to promote their speedy settle ment,' beg leave to dall the attention of the present Congress to the suggestions 1 have offered respecting it,in my limner messages. Theettmordinary receipts from the sales of the public lands invite .you to consider what improvements the laud system, and particularly the rendition of the General Land Office, may require. At the time this institution was organized, near a quar ter ofa century ago, it would probably have been thought extravagant to an•icipate, for this period, such an addition to its/business as has bean produced by the vast irier.mse of t hose sales,during the pastand present years. It may also lie observed, that, since the year, 1812, the land offices and surveying districts have been greatly multiplied, and that nu merous legislative enactments, from year to year, since that time, have imposed a great amount of new and additional duties upon that office, while the want ofa timely appli cation of force, commensurate with the care and labor required, has caused the increas ing embarrassment of accumulated arr oral in the different branches of the e.tablish ment. These impediments to the expedition o much duty in the General Land Office, in duce me to submit to your judgment, wheth er some modification of the laws relating to its organization, or an organization ofa new character, be not called for, at the present juncture, to enable the office to accomplish all the ends ofits institution with a greater degree of facility and promptitude than ex perience has proved to be practicable under existing regulations. The variety of the concerns, and the magnitude and complexity of the details occupying and dividing the at tention ol' the Commissioner, appear to ren• der it difficult, if not impracticable, for that officer, by any possible assiduity, to bestow on all the multifarious subjects upon which he is called to act, the ready and careful at tention due to their respective importance, unless the Legislature shall assist him by a law providing, or enabling him to provide, for a more regular and economical distribu tion oflabor,with the incident responsibility, among thaw employed under hie , iirection. The mere manual operation of affixing his signature to the vast number of documents issuing from his o ffi ce; substracts so largely from te tune and attention claimed by the weighty and complicated subjects daily ac cumulating in that branch of the public ser vice, as to indicate the strong necessity of revising the organic law of the establish ment. It will be easy for Congress, here after, to proportion the expenditure on ac count of this branch of the service to its real wants, by abolishing, from time to time,the offices which can be dispensed with. The extinction of the Public Debt having taken place, there is no longer any use for the offices of Commissioners of Loans and he Sinking Fund. I recommend, therefore, that they be abolished, and that proper mea sures be taken tinr the transfer to the Trea sury Department, of any funds, books, and papers, connected with the operations of those offices; and that the proper power be given to that Department, for closing, final ly, any portion of their business which may remain to be settled. It is also incumbent on Congress,in guard ng the pecuniary interests of the country, o discontinue, by such a law 14s was passed in 1812, the receipt of the bills of the Bank of the U. States in payment of the public revenue; and to provide for the designation of an agent whose duty it shall be to take charge of the books and stock of the United States, in that institution, and to close all connection with it, after the 3d of March, 1806, when its charter expires. In making provision in regard to the disposition of this sock, it will he essential to define, clearly and strictly, the duties and powers of the officer charged with , that branch of the pub lic service. It will be seen from the correspondence which the Secretary of the Treasury will lay before you,that nowithstanding the large amount ofThe stuck which the U. States hold in that institution, no information has yet been communicated which will enable the Government to anticipate when it can receive any dividends, or derive any benefit from it. Connected with the condition of the finan ces, and the flourishing state of the country in all its branches of industry, it is pleasing to witness the advantages which have been already from the recent laws regulating the value of the gold coinage. These advanta ges will be more apparent in the course of the next year, when the Branch Mints au thorized to be established in North Carolina, Georgia, and Louisiana, shall have gone into operation. Aided, as it is hoped they will be, by further reforms in the banking systems of the States, and by judicious regu lations on the part of Congress, in relation to the custody of the public moneys, it may be confidently anticipated that the use of gold and silver,as a circulating medium, will become general in the ordinary transactions connected with the labor of the country.-- The great desideratum, in modern times, is an efficient check upon the power of banks, preventing that excessive issue of paper, whence arise those fluctuations in the stan- dard of value which render uncertain the re wards of labor. It was supposed by those who established the Bank of the U. States, that from the credit given toil by the custody of the public moneys, and other privileges, and the precautions taken to guard against the evils which the country had suffered on he bankruptcy of many ofthe State institu• ions of that period, we should derive from hat institution all the security and benefits of a sound currency, and every good end that was attainable under that provision of the constitution which authorizes Congress alone to coin money and regulate the value thereof. But it is scarcely neces.ary now to bay, that these anticipations have not been realized. After the extensive embar rassment and distress recently produced by the Bank of the U. States, from which the country is now recovering, aggravated as they were by pretensions to power which defied the public authority, and which, irac. quieBced in by the People,would have Chung ed the whole character of our Governtbent, every candid and intelligent individual must admit that, for the attainment of the great advantages of a sound currency, we must look to a course•of legislation radically ferent from that which treated such an in stitution. In 'considering the means of obtaining so important an end,we must set aside all calcu lations of temporary convenience, and he in fluenced by those only which are in-harmony with the true character and the permanent interests of the Republic. We roust recur to first principles, and see what it is that has prevented the legislation of Congress and the Sta'es,on the subject of currency, from satisfying the public expectation, and rea'iz ing results corresponding to those which have attended the action of our system when truly consistent with the great principle of equality upon which it rests, and with that spirit of forbearance,and mutual concession. and generous patriotism, which Will; ortgi nally,and must ever continue to be, the vital element of our Union. On this subject,l am sure that I cannot be mis taken in ascribing our want of success to the 1111- due countenance which has been afforded to the ripiritof monopoly. All the serious dangers which our system has yet encountered,may be traced to the resort to implied powera.and the use of corno. rations clothed with privileges the effect of which is to advance the interests of the few,at the expense of the many. We have felt but one class of these dangers, exhibited in the contest waged by the Bank of the U. States against the Government for the last 4 years. Happily,they have been obviated for the present by the indignant resistance of the People, but wo should recollect that the principle whence they sprung is an over active one, which will not fail to renew its efforts in the same and in other forms,so long as there is a hope of success, founded either on the inattention of the People,nr the treachery of their roprosontativos,to the subtle progress onto influence. The Bank is,in fact,but one of the fruits of a system at war with the go. nine of all our institutions; a system founded upon a political creed, the fundamental principle of which is a distrust of the popular will as a safe re gulator of political power, & whose great ultimate object,and inevitable result,should it prevail,is the consolidation of all power in our system in one central government. Lavish public disbursements and corporations with exclusive 'privileges, would be its substitute for the original, and,as yot,sound Checks and balances of the constitution; the means by whose silent and secret operation, a control would be exercised by the few, over the political conduct ofthe many,by first acquiring that control over the labor and earnings of the great body of the People. Wherever this spirit has effected an alliance with political power, tyranny and despot. i6m have been the fruit. If it is ever used for the ends ofGovernment,it has to bo incessantly watch ed,nr it corrupts the sources of the public virtuo,& agitates the country with questions unfavorable to the harmonious and steady pursuit of its true interests. Wo are now to see whether, in the present fa vorable condition of the country, we cannot take an effectual stand against this spirit of monopoly, and practically prove, in respect to the currency as well as other important interests, that there is no necessity for so extensive a resort to it as that which has been heretofore practised. The expe rience of another year has confirmed the utter fallacy of the idea that the Bunk of the U. States was necessary as a fiscal agent of the Govern ment. Without its aid as such,indeed, in despite of all the embarrassment it was in its power to croate,the revenue has been paid with punctuality by our citizens; the business of exchange, both foreign and domestic, has been conducted with convenience; & the circulating medium has been greatly improved By the use of the State banks, which do not derive their charters from the Gen eral Government,and are not controlled by its ail thurity,it is ascertained that the moneys of the U. States can be collected and disbursed without loss or inconvenience; and that all the wants of the community,in relation to exchange and currency are supplied as well us they have over been before. If, under circumstances the . most unfavorable to the steadiness of the money market, it has been found that the considerations on which the Bank of the U.States rested its clai ms to the public favor, were imaginary & groundless,it cannot be doubt ed that the experience of the future will bo more decisive against thorn. In has been soon, that, without the agency of a' groat moneyed monopoly, the revenue can be col. lected,and conveniently and safely applied to all I the purposes of the public expenditure. It is also ascertained,thatinstead of being necessarily made to promote the evils of an unchecked paper sys. tem, the management of the revenue can be made auxiliary to the reform which the Legislatures of several of the States have already commenced in regard to the suppression ofsmall bills; and which has only to be fostered by proper regulations on the part of Congress, to secure a practical return, to the extent required for the security of the cur. rency, to the constitutional medium. Severed from the Government as political enginos,and not susceptible of dangerous extension and combine tion,the State banks will not be tempted, nor will they have the power which we have seen exorcised to divert the public funds etom the legitimate pur. poses of the Government. The collection and custody of the revenue being, on the contrary, a source of credit to them,will increase the security which the States provide for a faithful execution of their trusta,by multiplying the scrutinies to which their operations and accounts will be sub. jected. Thus disposed, as well from interest as the obligations oftheir charters,it cannot be doubt. ed that such conditions us Congress may see fit to adopt respecting the doposites in these institu. lions, with a view to tho gradual disuse of the small bills, will be cheerfully complied with; and that we shall soon gain,in place of the Bank of the U. States, a practical reform in the whole pa. per system of the country. If,by this polioy.we can ultimately witness the suppression of all bank bills below twenty dollars, it is apparent that gold and silver will take their place,& become the prin. cipal circulating medium in the common busi ness of the farmers and mechanics of the country. The attainment of such a result will form an era in the history of our country, which will be dwelt upon with delight by every true friend of its lib erty and independence. It will lighten the great tax which our paper system has so long collected from the earnings of labor, and do more to revive and perpetuate those habits of economy and sim plicity which are so congenial to the character of republicans,than all the legislation which has yet been attempted. To this subject I feel that I cannot too earnest ly invite the especial attention of Congress, with. out the exercise of whose autliorit3 ,the opportuni ty to accomplish so much public good must pass unimproved. Deeply impressed with its vital inn tance,the Executive has taken all the steps within his constitutional power to guard the public rove. nue,and defeat the expectation witch the Bank of the U. States indulged, of renewing and par petuating its monopoly, on the ground of its ne cessity as a fiscl agent,and as affording a sounder currency than could be obtained without such an institution. In the performance of this duty, much resposibility was incurred, which would have been gladly avoided if the stake which the public had in the question could have been other wise preserved. Although clothed with the legal authority,and supported by precedent, I was a ware that there was,in the act of the removal of the deposites,a liability to excite that sonsitivenss . to Executive power which it is the characteristic and the duty of freemen to indulge: but I relied on this feeling, also directed by patriotism and intelligence,to vindicate the conduct whicii,in the ond,would appear to have been called for by the best interests of my country. The apprehensions natural to this feeling,that there may have bean a desire,.thro' the instrumentality of that measure. to extend the Executive influence, or that it may have been prompted by motives not suffwiently 1 free from unbitten, were not overlooked. Under the operation of our institutions,the public servant who is called -on to take a step of high respunsi (hility,should feel,in the freedom which gives rise Ito such apprehensions, his highest security.— When linfounded,the attention which they arouse, and the discussions they excite,deprive those who indulge thein,of the power to do harm; when just, they but hasten the certainty with which the great body of our citizens never fail to repel an attempt to procure their sanction . to any exorcise of power inconsistent with the jealous maintenance of their rights Under such convictions,nnd entertaining no doubt that my constitutional obligations do mended the steps which wore taken in reference to the removal of the depositor', it was impossible for roe to be deterred from the path of duty by a fear that my motives could be inisjudged, or that political prejudices could defeat the just consid eration of the moths of my conduct. The result has shown how safe is this reliance upon the pa. triotic temper and enlightened discernment ofthat people. That measure has now been before them, and has stood the test of all the severe analysis which its goner al importance,the interests it affi'c. tad, and the apprehensions it excited, were 'Alen- 1 lilted to produce: and it now remains for Congress to consider what legislation has bedume necessa ry in consequence. I need only and to what I have on former oc. Elisions said on this subject, generally, that in the regulations which Congress may prescribe sea pecting the custody of the public money s, it is de• sirablo that as little discretion an may be deemed consistent with their safe keeping, should be giv. on to the Executive agents. No one can be more deeply impressed than I are with the soundness of the doctrine, which restrains and limits,by spe cific provisions, Executive discretion, as far ns it can be done consistently with the preservation of its constitutional character. In respect to the control over the public moneys, this doctrine is peculiarly applicable, and is in harmony with the great principle which I felt I was susiaining,in the controversy with the Bank of the U. States, which has resulted in sorering.to some extent, a danger. ours connection between a moneyed and political power. The dirty of the Legislature to define,by clear and positive onactinents,thb nature and ex tent of the action which it belongs to the Execu tive to superintend,oprings out of a policy analog. ons to that which enjoins upon all the branches oldie Federal Government, an abstinence from the exercise of powers not clearly granted. In such a Government, possessing only limited and specific powers,the spirit of its general adminis tration cannot be wise or just, when it opposes the reference ofall doubtful points to the great source of authority, the States and the People; whose number and diversified relations, securing them against the influences and excitements which may mislead their agents,meke thorn the safest deposi tory ofpower. In its application to the Executive, with reference to the Legislative branch of the Government,the sane rule of action should make the President ever anxious to avoid the exercise of any discretionary authority which can be regu. lated by Congress. The biases which may ope rate upon him will not be so likely to extend to the representatives of the People in that body. In my former messages to Cengress,l have re peatedly urged the propriety of lessening the die. cretionary authority lodged in the various depart ments; but it has produced no eflbct,as yet,except the discontinuance ofextra allowances in the Ir. my and Navy, and the substitution of fixed sala. ries in the latter. It is believed that the same principles could be advantageously applied in all cases, and would promote the efficiency and eco nomy of the public service, at the same time that greater satisfaction,and mote equal Justice,would bo secured to the public officers generally. Tho accompanying Report of the Secretary of War, will put you in possession of the operations of the Department confided to his care, in all its diversified relations, during the past year. I am gratified in being able to inform you,that no occurrence has required any movement of the military force.except such as is common to a state of peace. Tho sorvicvs of the army have been limited to their usual duties at the various garri sons upon the Atlantic and inland frontior,w Rh the exceptions stated by the Secretary of War. Our small military establishment appears to be ade quate to the purposes for which it is maintained; and it forms a nucleus around which any addition al force may be collected,should the public exigen cies unfortunately require any increase of our military means. The various acts of Congress which have been recently passed in relation to the army,havo im proved its condition,and have rendered its organi zation more useful and efficient. It is at all times in a state fur prompt and vigorous action; and it contains within itself the power of extension to any ut.eful limit; while, at the same time, it pre serves that knowledge, boil theoretical and prao• tical, which education and experience alone can give; and which, if not acquired and preserved in time of peaco,must be sought under grout disad vantages in time of war. ' The duties of the Engineer Corps press hea. vile upon that branch of the service ; and the public interest requires an addition to its strength. The nature of the works in which the officers are engaged, render necessary profes• sional knowledge and experience; and there is no economy in committing to them more duties thin they can perform, or in assigning these to other persons temporaily employed, and tun of. ten, of necessity, without all the quslifir•ations which such service demands. I recommend this subject to your attention, and also the proposi tion submitted at the last session of Congress. and now renewed, for a re-organiztition of the Topographical Corps. 'flux reorganization can be effected without any addition to the present expenditure, and with much advantage to the piiblic service. The branch of duties which de volves upon these officers is at all times inter eating to the community ; sud the information furnished by them is useful in peace and in war. Much loss and inconvenience have been ex perienced, in consequence of the failure of the bill containing the ordinary appropriations for Fortifications. which passed one branch of the National Legislature at the last session,but was lost in the other. This failure was the more re gretted, not only because it necessarily inter rupted anti delayed t h e progress of a system of National Defence, proj-cted immediately after the I 'at war,and since steadily pnrsued,but also because it contained a contingent apprAvia tion, inserted in accordance with the views of the Executive. in aid of this important object, and other branches of the national defence, some portmns of which might have been most usefully applied during the past season 1 in. vile yours ly attendon to that part o' the re port of the Secret .ry of War which relates to this subject. and reconrimond an appr-iviltion sufficiently liberal to accelerate the armament of the fortificatio , ,s agreeab y to the proposition sitbnitted b$ him, and to place our whole At. lantir pcaboard in a complete state of defence. A just regard to the permanent inte , e-ts of the country evidently revives this measure. 'Rut there are also other reasons which at the pies. ent juncture give it peculiAr force,and make it my duty to call to the subject your special con sider4tion. The present system of Military Education has been in opention sufficiently long to test its usefulne”,and it hiis given to the army a vs. liable body of officers. It is not alone in the improvement, discipline and openit;on of the troop%that these officers are employed. They are also extensively engaged in the adrnin'stra• Lively and fiscal entice' us ol.the various matters confi led to the War Department; in the execu tion of toe stuff duties wmally tippet t4ining to mildsry or,:an.zation; in due remov .1 of the In- dialio, and in the disbursement of the various expetiditores growing nut of our Indi4n eela n.; in the forinatinii of mails, and in the provemetit of harbors and riv,:r n Ate von. or for ificattons; in the fibrication of nrirh of the materiel required for the public defence; and in the preservation, distribution, and accountability of the whole ; hd .n other miscellaneous duties. not admitting of cla sifi ration. These dive's fled functions embrace very heavy expert litures public money, and re qutre fidelity, science, and la - ssiness habits in their execution; and • , ystem which 5 1, a1l se_ cute these qualifications s 'deman•led by the public interest. Tat this object has been in a great measure nbtained by the Military Acade my,,s shown hr the state of the service,and the prompt acc , mitt .bility which has generally fol lowed the necessa , y advances: Like all tither political s) s'ems. the prtsent mode of militaty educ •tion,tio doulA, has its imperfect . ons, butts of principle and ptactire; but I trust these Cal be improved by rigid inspect ons,and by legis lative Fc , winy, aithout stroying the institn. lion itself. Occuiren-es to which we as well as all other nations are liable, both in our internal and es ter. al rel gions,point to the necessity of an effi cient o.ganization iif the 1 am again in dnced,by the impoi t•nce of the subject.to bring it to ) our • tention. To suppress domestic vio lence, and to repel foreign invasion, should these cal imitica overtake us, we must rely, in the first instance, upon the greet body of the community,whose will has inatituted,and whose power must support,the Government. A large standing mil tary force is not consonant to the spirt of our institutions, nor to the feelings of our countrymen; and the lessonsot former days and those of our own time,show the danger.as well as the enormous expense, of these perma nent and extensive mi itary organizations. That just medium which averds an inadequate pre. paration. on one hand, and the danger and "x -pelage of a large force,on the other, is what our constituents have a right to expect from their Government. This object can be attained only by the maintenance of • small military force,and by such an o , g ,niz.tion of the physical atrengh of the emlt , y as m iy bring uiis power into ac. tion,whenever its services are requited. A clas sification of the popolation offers the most °b ai-ms means of effecting this organization. Such a division may be made as will be just to all, by transferring each,at a proper period of life,from one class to another, and by calling first for the services of that claas, whether for instruction or action,which,from age, is qualified for the duty, and may be called to perform it with least inju ry to themselves or to the public. Should the danger ever become so imminent as to require additional force, the other classes, in soccession, would be ready for the call. And if,in addition to this organization, voluntary aasociationa were encouraged, and inducements held out fur their formation, our militia would be in a state of effi cient service. Now, when we are at peace,is the proper time to digest and establish a practical system. The object is certainly worth the ex periment, and worth the expense. No one ap preciating the blessings of • Republican Gov ernment.. can object to his share of the burden whion such a plan may impose. Indeed.% mode rate portion of the national funds could scarcely be better applied,than in carrying into effect and continuing such an arrrangement, and in giving the necessary elementary instruction. We are happily at peace with all the world. A sincere desire to continue so, and a fixed determination to give no just cause of offence to other nations. furnish, unfortunately, no certain ground of ex pectation that this relation will be interrupted. With this determination to give no offence.is as sociated a resolution,equally decided, tamely to submit to none. The armor and the attitude of defence, afford the best security against those collisions which the ambition,or interest,or some other passion of nations, not more justifiable, is liable to produce. In many countries it is con sidered unsafe to put arms into the hands of the people, and to instruct them in the elements of military knowledge. That fear can have no place here,when it is recollected that the People are the sovereign power. Our Government was instituted and is supported by the ballot-box, not by the musket. Whatever changes await it. still g• s,ter changes must he made in our social institurions,before our political system can yield to physical force. In every aspect,therefore, in which I can view the subject, I am impressed with the importance of a prompt and efficient organization of the militia. The plan of rr•moving the Ahorigin II People who vet remain within the settled portions or the U States, to the country west of the Missis sippi river,approaches its consummation. It was adopted on the most mature consideration of the condition of this race, and ought to be persisted in till the object is accomplished,and prosecuted with as much vigor as a just regard to their cir cumstances will permit, and as fast RS their con sent can be obtained. All preceding experi ments for the improvement of the Indians have failed. It seems now to be an established fact. that they cannot live in contact with a civilized community and prosper. Ages of fruitless en deavors have.at length,bro't us to a knowledge of this principle of intercommunication with them. The past we cannot recall. hut the future we can provide fur, independently of the treaty atiptilations into wh:ch we have entered with various tribes, for the usufructuary rights they have ceded to us, no one can doubt the moral duty of the Government of the U. States to pro tect,and. if possible, to preserve and perpetuate the scattered remnants of this race, which are left within our borders. In the dis"harge of ihia duty, an extensive region in the West hes been assigned for their permanent residence. It has been divided into districts, and allotted among them. Many already removed, and others are preparing to got and with the exception of two small bands, living in Ohio and Indiana, not ex ceeding fifteen hundred persons, and of the Cherokees, all the tribel on the east side of the Mississippi, and extending from Lake Michigan to Flori la,have entered into engagements which will lead to their transplantation. The plan for their removal- and ro.es'ablish ment is founded upon the knowledge we have gained of their character and habits, and has been (nettled by a spirit of enlarged liberality. A territory exceeding in extent that relinquish ed, Is is been grinned to each tribe. Of its cli mate. fertility, and capacity to support an Indi an population, the representations are highly f.vur.ble To these districts, the Indians are removed at the expense of the U. States, and with certain supplies of clothing. arms, ammu nitioe, and other indi-pimsable articles, they are also f trni , hed gratuitously with provisions for the period of a year • after their arrival at their new homes. In that time,from the nature of the country. and of the products raised by them, they can subsist themselves by agrictit teral labor. if they choose to resort to that mode of life. If they do not,•theY are upon the skirts of the great prairies, where countless herds of buffalo ream, and a short time suffices to adapt their own habits to the ch inges which a change of the animals destined for their fo^d may require. Ample arrangements have also been made for the support of seheola- In some instances, council.houses tind..cherches are to he erected dwellings constructertfer the chiefs. and milli for common use. Funds have been set apart for the maintenance of the poor. The most nere-awry meehanical arts have been introduced, and blacksmiths, gunsmiths. wheel wright., mil' rights, &c. are supported among them. Steel and Iron, and'sometimes salt. are purchased for themond ploughs and other farm. lflg utensils, domestic ar.imals, loom., 'Tinning .wheels, cards, &c. are presented to them. And besides these beneficial arrangements, annelties ire in all cases pahl4morinting in same Mara I^.e• to wire tbari-30.dollarifth' eatteind;vidoal o .be 0::7-Devoted to Politics, Foreign and Domestic Intelligence,. Literature, Science,- 61griculture, the Mechanic ✓lrts, Internal Improvement,•and General sialirceitany..co tribe; and in all cases sufficiently west, if justly divided,and prudently expended,to enable them, in addition to their own exertionsou live comfor tably. And as s stimulus fur exertinn it is now pinvided by law, thst. "in all cases of the sp. poin. ment of int. rpreters, or tither petanns ern phi% eil far the benefit of the Ind.anso pr. Terence shall be giv. n to persons of l•r d tan de-cent. if such can he found who ore properly go dified fo• the di.chavge of the duties." such ore the arrangements for the physical comfort,nnit Ibr the moral improvement of the In diana. Thl, necessary meatmres for their political ri:lvancernont, & for their separation from our citi• zens,have 11.11 been neglected. The pledge of the 11. Mates leis been given by Congress, that the country destined for the residence of this people. shall be f..rever 'secured and guarantied to them.' A country west of Missouri & Arkansas has been assigned to thent,into which the white settlements are not to be pushed. No political communities can be firmed in that extensive region, except those which are established by the Indians thorn• selves,or by the U.Stetes for them, and with their concurrence. A barrier has thus been raised for their protection against the encroachments of our eilizens,und guarding the Indians, as far as possi. ble,from those evils which have brought them to their present condition. Summary authority has been given by law to destroy all ardent spirits fatend in their country,withnut waiting the doubt. fill result and slow process of a legal seizure. I consider the absolute and unconditional interdic tion cf this s rticle,aniong those people, as the fir,t and great atop in their melioration. Half-way measures will answer no purpose. These cannot successfully contend against the cupidity of the seller,and the overpowering ar petite of the buyer. And the destructive effects of the traffic are mark ed in every page of the history of our Indian in. tercourse Some general legislation seems necessary for the regulation of the relations which will exist in this new state of things between the Government and peophs of the U. States and these transplanted Indian tribes; and for the establtshinent among the latter, and with their own consent, of room principles ofintercommunication,which their jux. tap:wit:on will call fin; that moral may be substi toted for physical force,the authority of a fow and simple laws for the tomahawk, and that an end anay be put to those bloody wars,whose prosecution seeing to have made part of their social system. After the further details of this arrangement are completeci,with n my general supervision - over them, they ought to be left to the progress of e.. vents. Theml indulge the hope,will secure their .prosperity and improvement, and a large portion of the moral debt we owe thorn will thene paid. The Report from the Secretary of th ,Navy, lu enving the condition of that branch of tl e 'public t service,is recommended to your special a ntion. It appears from it„, that ow naval force at present in commission, with all the activity which can bo given to it, is inadequate to the protection of our Tepidly increasing commerce. This consideration, and the more general one which regards this arm of the national defence ns our best security against foreign aggressions, strongly urge the continu ance of the measures winch promote its gradual enlargement, and a speedy increase of the force which has boon heretofore employed abroad and at home. You will perceive, from the estimates which appear in the report of the Secretary of the Navy, that the expenditures necessary to this in crease of its force,though of considerable amount, are small compared with the benefits which they will secure to the country. As a means of strengthening this nationsl arm, I also recommend to your particular attention , the propriety of the suggestion which attracted the consideration of Congress at its last session, res pecting the enlistment of Boys at a suitable age in the service. In this mannor,a nursery of ski!. lul and able.bodied seamen can be established, which will be of the greatest importance. Next to the capacity to put afloat and arm the requi aite numberofships„is the possession of the means to man them efficiently; and nothing seems bet tor calculated to aid this object,than the measure proposed. As an auxiliary to the advantages derived from our extensive commercial marine, it would furnish us with a resource ample enough for all the exigencies which can be anticipated. Considering the state of our resources, it cannot bo doubted that whatever provision the liberality and wisdom at Congress may now adopt, with u view to the perfect organization of this branch of our service, will meet the approbation of all clas ses °four citizens. By the Report of tine Postmaster General, it ap. pears that the revenue of that Departmont,during the year endingon the 30th day of June last, ex ceeded its accruing responsibilities, $236,206,and that the surplus of the present fiscal year is esti. mated at $176,227. It further appears that the debt of the Department on the first day of July last, including the amount due to contractors for the quarter then just expired, was about $1,064,. 381, exceeding the available means about $23,700, nd that on the Ist instant about $597,077 of this debt had been paid: $409,991 out of postages ac cruing before July, and $187,086 out of postage') accruing since. In these payments are included $67,000 of the old debt due to Banks. After ma king these payments, the Department bad $73, 000 in Bunk on the Ist instant. The pleasing as surance is given, that the Department is entirely freo from embarrassment, and that by collection of outstanding balances, and using the current surplus, the remaining portion of the Bank debt, and most of the other dobt, will probably bo paid in April next, leaving thereafter, a heavy amount to be applied in extending the mail facilities of the country. Reserving a considerable sum for the improvement of existing mail routes, it is stated, that the Department will - be able to sustain with perfect convenience, as annual charge of S3UO,- 000, for the support of new routes, to commence as soon as they can be established and put in ope• •ration. The measures adopted by the Postmaster General to bring the means of the Department into nction,and to effect a speedy extinguishment of its debt, as well as to produce an efficient administration of its affairs, will be found detailed in his able and luminous report. Aided by a re-organization on the principles sugges ted,and salutary provisions in the laws regulating its administrative duties as the wisdom of Congress may devise or approve, that important Department will soon attain a degree of usefulness proportioned to the increase of our population,and the extension of our settlements. Particular attention is solicited to that portion of the report of the Postmaster General which relates to the carriage of the Mails of the U. States upon rail-toads constructed by private corporations,under the author ity of the several States. The reliance which the General Government can place on those roads as a means of carrying on its operations,and the principles on which the use of them is to be obtained,cannot too soon be considered and settled. Already does the spirit of monopoly begin to exhibit its natural propen sities,in attempts to exact from the public,for services which it supposes cannot be obtained on other terms, the most extravagant compensation. If those claims persistedbe in,the question may arise,whether a corn 'bination of citizens, meting under charters of incorpo ration from the States, can, by a direct refusal,or the demand of an exorbitant price.exclude the U. States from the use of the established channels of comment 'cation between the different sections of the country: and whether the U. States cannot,without transcend ing their constitutional powers,seeure to the Post Of fice Department the use of those roads, by an act of Coneress,w bleb shall provide within itself some equi table mode for adjusting the amount of compensation. To obviateapossible,the necessity of considering this question, it is suggested whether it be nut expedient to fix, by !mi . , the amounts which shall he offered to railroad companies for the conveyance of the mails, graduated according to the average weight, to be as certained and declared by the Postmaster General. It is probable that a liberal proposition of that sort would be accepted. . In connection with these provisions in relation to the P. 0. Department, I must also invite your atten tion to the . painful Excitement produced in the South, by athAtipts to circulate through the mails iufla ama tory appeals addressed to the passions of the Slaves, in prints,and i. various sorts of publications,caculated to stimulate them to insurrection, and to produce all the horrors of a servie war. ' Them is donbtioss no: respectabin portion of 'our couutil men who can be so far inislca. as to foci any other sentiment than that of indignant regret atcon duct so destructive of the harmony and peace of the country,and so repugnant to the principles of our Ili; tional compact, and to the dictates of humanity aid religion. Our happiness and prosperity essentially depend upon peace within our borders; and peace de• prints upon the maintenance, in g , 0:1 faith, of those compromises of the censtitution upon which the Union in founded. It is fortunate for the country that the good sense, the generous feeling,and the deep-rooted attachment of the Peer& of the-non slavehol ling States to the Union. and to their fellow citizens of the same blood in the South, have given so strong and impressive a tone to the sentiments entertained against the !pro ceedings of the misguided persons who have engaged in these unconstitutional and wicked attempts,and es pecially against the emissaries from foreign parts,w ho have dared to interfere in this matter. as to authorise the hope that those attempts will no longer be persis ted in. But if these express ons of the public will shall not be sufficient to effect so desirable a result,not a doubt can be cntertaired that the uon-slaveholding States, so far from countenancing the slightest inter ference with the constitutional rights of the South, will be prompt to exercise their authority in suppress ing,so far as in them lies, whatever is calculated pro duce this evil. In leaving the care of other branches of this interes ting subject to the State authorities, to whom they properly belong,it is nevertheless proper for Congress to take such measures as will prevent the Post Office Department,which was designed to foster an a-nicable intercourse and correspondence between all the mem bers of the confederacy, from being used as an instru ment of an opposite character The General Govern ment,to which the great trust is confided of preserving inviolate the relations created among the States, by the coustitution,is especially bound to avoid in its own action any thing that may disturb them. I Would, therefore,call the especial attention of Congress to the subject,and respectfully suggest the propriety of pass ing such a law as will prohibit,under severe penalties, the circulation in the Southern States,thro' the mail, of incendiary publications intended to instigate the slaves to insurrection. I felt It to be my duty,in the first message which I communicated to Congress. to urge upon its attention the propriety of Amending that part of the Constitu tion which provides for the election of the President and the Vice President of the U. States. The leading object which I had in view was the adoption of some new provisions which would secure to the People the performance of this high duty, without any interme diate agency. In my annual communications since, I have enforced the same views, from a sincere convic tion that the best interests of the country would be promoted by their adoption. If the subject were an or dinary one,l should have regarded the failure of Con gress to act upon it as an indication of their judgment that the disadvantages which belong to the present system were not so great as those which would result from any attainable substitute that had been submitted to their consideration. Recollecting, however, that propositions to introduce a new feature in our funda mental laws cannot be too patiently examined, and ought ought to be received with favor until the great ' , body of the People are thoroughly impressed with their necessity and value,as a remedy for real evils,l feel that, in renewing the recommendation I have heretofore made on this subject,l am not transcending the bounds of a just deference to the sense of Congress or to the disposition of the People. However much we may di ff er in the choice of the measures which should guide the administration of Government, there can be but little doubt in the minds of those who are really friendly to the republican features of our sys tem, that one of its most important securities consists in the separation of the Legislative and Executive powers,at the same time that each is held responsible to the great source of authority which is acknowledg ed to be supreme in the will of the People constitu rionally expressed. My reflection and experience sa tisfy me,that the framers of the Constitution, athough they were anxious to mark this feature as a settled and fixed principle in the structure of the Govern ment, did not adopt all the precautions that were ne cessary to secure its practical observance; and that we cannot be said to have carried into complete effect their intentions until the evils which arise from this organic effect arc remedied. Considering the great extent of our Confederaci,the rapid increase of its population, and the diversity of their interests and pursuits, it cannot be disguised that the contingency by which one branch of the Legisla ture is to form itself into an Electoral College, cannot become one of ordinary oceurrence,without producing incalculable mischief. What was intended as the me dicine of the Constitution in extreme cases, cannot be frequently used without changing its character, and sooner or later producing incurable disorder. Every election by the House of Representatives is calculated to lessen the force of that security which is derived from the distinct and separate character of the Legislative and Executive functions, and while it exposes each to temptations adverse to their efficien cy as organs of the Constitution and laws,its tendency will be to unite both in resisting the will of the Peo ple,and thus give a direction to the Government anti republican and dangerous. All history tells us that a free People should be watchful of delegated power, and should never acquiesce in a practice which will diminish their coutrol over it. This obligation,so uni versal in its application to all the principles of a Re pnblic,is peculiarly so in ours.where the formation of parties, founded on sectional interests,is so much fos tered by the extent of our territory. These interests, aepresented by candidates for the Presidency, are constantly prone, in the zeal of party and selfish ob jects, to generate influences unmindful of the general good,and forgetful of the restraints which the great body of the People would enforce, if they wereon no contingency, to lose the right of expressing their will. The experience of our country, from the formation of the government to the present day, demonstrates that the People cannot too soon adopt some stronger safe guard for the right to elect the highest officers known to the Constitution,than is contained in that sacred in strument as it now stands. It is my duty to call the particular attention of Con gress to the present condition of the 1 istrict of Co lumbia. From whatever cause the great depression has arisen which now exists in the pecuniary concerns of the citizens of this District,it is proper that its situ• ation should be understml,and such relief or remedies provided as are consistent with the powers of Con gress. I earnestly recommend the extension of every political right to the citizens of the District which their true interests require, and which does not con flict with the provisions of the Constitution. It is be lieved that the laws for the government of the Dis trict require revisal and amendment, and that much good may be done'by modifying the penal code, so as to give uniformity to its provisions. Your attention is also invited to the defects which exists in the Judicial system of the U States. As at present organized, the States of the Union derive un equal advantages from the Federal Judiciary, which have been so often painted out,that I deem it unneces sary to repeat them here. It is hoped that the present Congress will extend to all the States,that equality in respect to the benefits of the laws of the Union,which can only be secured by the uniformity and efficiency of the Judicial system With these observations on the topics of general in terest which are deemed worthy el your considera tion, 1 leave them to your care, trusting that the le gislative measures they call for, will be met as the wants and best interests of our beloved country demand. andretv Jackson. Washington City, December 8, 1835. ();:rThere is much truth and sound ad• vice in the following article, from the Chum. bersburg "Weekly iViessenger:" WINTER THE TIME FOR STOOL—CoId Winter has always been regarded as the most favorable season for intellectual labor. The schoolhouse fire burns brisk, and the course of study begins to run strong and hearty—while the evenings are consecrated to the charms of social ecjoyment and plea- sant amusement: Who relates the most attractive story? Who reads the most profitable book of nat.- naives? Who stores his mind with the rich est gems of literature and scien'cel Is it he who loves his morning bed, and comes late to school? or who idlee or sleeps away the pleasant, long, long winter evenings? By no means. Let then, these hours. be diligently im praued, and you will be amply repaid, by the addition of much useful knowledge—and the consolation of ni - it being an idler, who kills tune in dojo!! nothing. OLD N EWSPAPER.--The New Hemp• shire (;azette published at Portsmouth, cam pleted the 80th year of its age on the 10th iost..litiving. been commenced in the year 1735, twenty.yeurs before the revolution. AND REPUBLICAN BANNER BY ROBERT W. MIDDLETON. At $2 per annum, half-yearly In advance. GETTYSBURG, P.A. TRznar,December 1 1,1835 (Win order to lay before our readers the Message of the President of the United Statesore anticipate our regular publication day. PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. (0— This important and anxiously looked for docu ment we give to the public to-day. It was received on Wednesday night last, and with the assistance: of two boys,(one of whom has only been at the business a very short time,) we are enabled to lay it before our readers this morning in advance of the other pa pers who doubled teams! The great length of the Message precludes us from noticing its contents. On the subject of our relations with France, the President speaks like an American. Kt-Congress met on Monday last. On that day Mr Van Buren took his scat as President of the Senate. In the House of Representatives, Mr. Polk, of Tenn., was elected Speaker—Mr. Shunk, Clerk; and Blair & Rives,(of the Globe,) Public Printers. 0:1-Harrison has written another letter "explana tory" of the first! It won't do! In our view, it is de eidedly more objectionable than the first. Ela'Mr. STE VENS' bill for the suppression of Secret Societies, is made the order of the day for Monday SEIZURE OF JOHN Ross.--By the extract below of a letter from Lewis Ross, it will be perceived that John Ross, the Cherokee Chief, has been forcibly seized and carried into Georgia. We forbear comment until all the facts connected with the transactions are known. ErrnAcr.--‘ On the night of the 7th inst. the Georgia Guard, commanded by Col. Bishop, and acting under the order of Maj. B. F. Curry, as it is understood, came to John Ross's residence, which is within the chartered limits of Tennessee, arrested him, and seized all the public documents belonging to the nation, and have taken them into Georgia. A gentleman from the State of New York happened to be there, who had been engaged in collecting matter for publication, and whose name is John Howard Payne, was also arrested, and his papers all taken; and they are both now prisoners in Georgia. What is to be done with them I cannot now pretend to say." [ll 7 aBhville Banner. SPECULATION IN BEAVER, PA.—We Cony the following from the Beaver Argue, of the 18th ult. "Within ten days past, extensive sales of real estate have been made in this vicinity, to a company of Philadelphia capitalists,two of whom (Messrs. Atkinson and Richards) have been among us for some time. Their most extensive purchase is the principal part of Mr. Stone's property at Beaver Point,for which they pay the sum of $20,000. We understand that it is their intention at this place to establish the culture and manufac ture of silk, with a capital of $50,000: preparatory to which they will immediate ly attend to the selection and setting out of plants of the mulberry, as well upon their East Brighton purchases, as at the Point. We are highly pleased that this important branch of manufactures is about to be estab lished in our neighborhood; and we indulge the hope that it may lead others to devote some attention to it. It is, no doubt, des tined to be of great importance to the min try." MicurcAN.—The New York Courier and Enquirer contains an article of considerable length, headed by an extract from the Alba ny Argus which charges the opposition to tho.proceedings of the inhabitants of Michi gan in erecting their Territory into a State to party prejudices. Not having room for the comments of the Enquirer, we will give a synopsis of them. By an ordinance of the old Congress, it was provided, that whenever any of certain states, to be formed out of the Territory ceded to the United States Noith West of the Ohio, should have sixty thousand inhabi tants they should be admitted, by their dele gates,into the Congress of the United States, with certain provisions and conditions; upon the fulfilment of these conditions the parties whom such fulfilment would benefit have undertaken to judge, and of course judged favorably to themselves. But even it this right of passing on a case in which they are a party were justly claimable by the inhabi tants of Michigan, under the ordinance to which we have referred, and under which they have acted, there are still other consid orations. This ordinance was passed du ring the old confederacy, and before the a doption of the new constitution, consequent ly wherever there are inconsistencies be tween the two the former must yield, not only because thereby virtually abrogated but by a special provision in the act of the old congress to which we have referred that "the said Territory, and the States that ' may be formed therein, shall forever remain a part of this Confederacy of the United States of America, subject to the articles of the Confederation and to such alterations thereof as shall be constitutionally made, and to all the acts and ordinances of the United States in Congress assembled, conformable thereto." The new constitution displaced the articles of confederation entirely, and ordains that "new States may be admitted by congress into this union" dec. obviously placing it in the discretion of Congress to mako such admission, and to direct all the proceedings which pertain to it. When l Ohio was constituted a State, application was I made to and permission granted by Congress to hold a convent ion to frame a constitution; and Congress fixed upon the time and• place of holding the convention. It was also di rected by the same 'authority that novo but citizens of the United States, who had resi ded within the limits of the Territory for a year, should vote for delegates to the con vention. This last provision, as well as precedent has been—set at naught by the in habitants of Michigan, who in tlieir late con vention passed a proposition to annul forev er all distinctions between natives and aliens. The President has declared his intention to enforce the Territorial laws.[Fred. Ex. INTERESTING CORRESPONDENCE. NEW ORLEANS, Oct. 6, 1835. Sin: Doubts are entertained by some per. sons whether you claim to have become a citizen of the United States by the admis• sion of Louisiana into the Union, nr under the naturalization laws passed by Congress, while others again are of opinion that you have never obtained, to citizenship in any way in which can be constitutionally to for- IMO As it is but reasonable that such doubts should be removed, and knowing your wil lingness to communicate any information upon a point which so materially affects the relation between you and the People of Lou isiana, we have ventured to ask the favor of you to state, in reply to this note, the time and place at which you became a citizen of the United States, and whether by the ad mission of Louisiana into the Union, or un der the naturalization laws passed by Con gress. We beg you will have the goodness to pardon the trouble this may give you, and to be assured that our sole object is to ar rive nt truth, and to satisfy the minds ofoth ers as well as ourselves, upon a subject a bout which you are best able to instruct us. We have the honor to be, very respect. fully, your obedient servants, J. H. HOLLAND, MARTIN GORDON, Jr. J. R. STERETT, THOMAS BANKS, H. LOCKETT, MARTIN GORDON, Sr.." W. BOGART. S. W. OAKEY, W. CHRISTY, JOS. M. KENNEDY, H. B. CENAS, To the Hon. ALEX. PORTER. THE REPLY. OAK LAWN, 12th Oct. 1835. GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to ac knowledge the receipt of your letter - of the 6th inst. in which you state that doubts are entertained by some persons how I became a citizen of the U. States; and that, "as it is but reasonable such doubts should he re moved," you require me to declare to you, "the time and place at which I became a citizen of the 11. States, and whether by the admission of Louisiana into the Union, or under the naturalization laws passed by Congress." You are also pleased to stale that this re quest is founded on your knowledge of "my willingness to communicateinformation on a point which so materially affects the rela tion between me and the State of Louisia na." You further add, "that your sole ob ject is to arrive at truth." I am much gratified, gentlemen, by this mark ef your attention, and perfectly appro. ciate the excellent motive which appears to animate you. But while I am thus gratified with your notice of me, I regret that I cannot justify the confidence you express in "my willing. ness," to be questioned by you: and that I cannot answer the interrogatory proposed. My sense of public duty forbids me. To all and every matter which affects "ray relations with the State of Louisiana," I trust I shall ever be found duly sensitive; but the explanations by which these relations may be correctly understood and maintain. ed, are due only to the people of the Stato or their Representatives. I cannot recog nize you, gentlemen, to be either the one or the other. I repudiate, as unconstitutional in princi. ple and most injurious in practice, the doc trine implied in your demand, and, so far as I can prevent it, a precedent by which it might acquire force, shall not be set in my person. That doctrine is identical with the proposition that, after the People or their Representatives have made an election, the person elected must submit the evidence of his qualifications to one or any number of individuals, who may think proper to cate chise him in regard to them. To one set of inquisitive gentlemen, I suppose he must explain how he became a citizen—to anoth er he must prove he has the proper age—to a third his property, qualifications, and so on through every condition the State and Federal constitutions may require. If the right to interrogate and call for proof of qualification exists, it cannot be for the grat. ification of idle curiosity; if it has au intelli gible object it must be to enable the interro gators to sit in judgment, and decide on the proof. It is easy to see, gentlemen, to what consequences such proceedings would lead. The constitution, however, has provided an other mode for settling these questions, than the decision of the political opponents of the person chosen. The body to which he is elected is made the judge and the sole judge of the qualifications of the Member sent to it. You, gentlemen, have no power to eith er accept or reject me, and I know of no au thority you Lave to call for the proof of my qualifications. If, disclaiming any object ofihis kind, your purpose is to obtain infor •mation from me by which you may contest my right to a seat in the Senate of the Urn ted. Stales, you .will excuse me fur declining to give you any assistance. WI had not the necessary qualifications for Servitor, the proper time to have made the objection - was when tho election was pending before the Legislature: . If dtsre• garded there, my right to take my seat could have been contested when I presented my credentials in the body to which I was deputed. Had the objection been made at that time, 1 was prepared with full proof and ample explanations to remove it. 1 am still in possession of the both, and the Senate trill sit next winter. You will pardon me (or saying, that rifler eighteen years of my life spent in the ser vice of the State of Louisiana, it surprises me no little to find at this late day, my cit izeuship contested. How ignorant or cul pably negligent must have been, gentlemen, the People who sent me, then Representa tive, to the Legislature—the Governor and Senate, by whom 1 was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court, and that Legislature by whose vote 1 now hold the place of Sen. ator. And the "some people" who are now distressed by doubts of my capacity, where was their vigilance and their patriotism, when, for the lone period of thirteen years, an alien, as they think, was administering justice on the Supreme Bench of the State? And you, too, gentlemen who are impelled by the "sole love of truth," to take this un precedented step, how comes it, that this generous impulse did not animate your bo soms and influence your actions in regard to my disqualification, long before this? I do not ask nny answer to these inquiries, but I commend them to your reflections. Under this view of the matter, I must decline answering your questions. It would give me great pleasure to satisfy you, it my understanding of my duty as a public 'ser vant did not forbid me. You will perceive that I have, from a sense of courtesy, waiv ed all objection to the wantof proof of your citizenship; which, in strict justice, I had a right to demand, before I made any reply; for I know of no reason you have to call my quality of citizen in doubt, which would not authorize me to ask for the evidence of yours. I am, very respectfully, gentlemen, your obedient servant. Al PORTER. To Messrs. MARTIN GORDON, sen. &c. GAnniEL CRANE, the Ohio Prophet, has favored us with a copy of his Proclamation, from Waynesville, 0. concerning a destruc tion of the world. We don't exactly under stand him, but presume that the said des truction is to take place instantly, since the Prophet intends to be elected President next year. Ho deals largely in Scripture and reprobation—sets down J. Q. Adams as Judas or something of the sort, and An. drew Jackson and Martin Van Buren as the Beast and False Prophet,'who are to have their part, &c. We don't exactly consider Gabriel an 'unavailable candidate ' for the Presidency, though he says, all "will certainly perish" who come out in opposi. tion to him. As it seems not material with him, we should like to name the day for his threatened destruction of the world, and would select the day after our delinquent patrons pay vs what they owe us. The man who wishes it further off than this must have an unreasonable objection to bonfires. [New Yorker. ALAS! SHE'S GONE.—Andrew Wilhelm, of Cumberland, Md. offers a reward of $2O for the recovery of a mare, lately taken from his premises, by Martin Bore and Fre derick Tar, who also seduced and decoyed away from his "bed.and board," th's jewel, Maria, from whom he has not heard any thing since. She has left five of her chil dren, one of them is but three months old. A moturrnous TAPE WORM.--Mr. Ph ine as Heywood states in the Barre Gazette, that he discharged a Tape Worm a short time since,which measuredfin,y-four feet six inchesin length. He discovered the existence of the worm about three years ago, and during that period he declares that portions of the worm have come from him at inter- vals, making in all, including the length a bove mentioned, about two thousand feet!— Oh Phineas! The Salem (Mass.) Register says:-- •House•wives must be cautious in cooking their cabbages. We hear that in cutting open a small cabbage, boiled whole, in this town lately, a reptile of the Lizard species, was found in it; and on giving pieces of the meat cooked with the cabbage, to a dog and catohe poisonous effects were immediately visible. The dog became swollen and sick, but recovered—the cat was affected in the same way, ran off, and probably died. Had the family partaken of the food, disastrous consequences would undoubtedly have fol lowed. In consequence of the scarcity of lead in Texas, one gentleman took up the pipes of his aqeduct and run them into bullets. Ma ny had converted the weights of their clocks to the same patriotic use and even the ladies were engaged in moulding bullets, and other operations calculated to facilitate the great object the colonist have in view. "Capt. Joseph Bassett, of Hyennis, Cape Cod, is the father of thirty children, by two wives, the last of which, by a former hus band, had borne four children—making in all, thirty-four who had the honor of calling him father. The old veteran is about 75 years of age." This is a fair evidence of the astonishing progress of American manufactures! MARRIED. On the 26th ult. by the Rev. Mr. Rutbrauff, Mr. Conrad .snlder. Jr. of Mountplesuat, to Miss Sarah Benner, of Straban. Oo the 6th ult. br the Rev. Mr Gottwald, Mr So mud Bummer to Mies Ann He/Jar—both of Menallen. In Hanover, on the 3d inst. by Rev. Mr. Ruthrauff, Mr. ,David Culp to Miss Mary Walker—both of this placo. 1)1E1). On the2lth ult. Mrs. -- Stallsrnithoridow of Mr Peter Stallamith, of this place. On the 24th ult, at the house of Mr. Michael Bush man. in Cumberland township, Miss Henrietta Getz, in the 24th year of her age , In Pittsburg,on the 3tlth ult. Mr. Thomas Arcata rg,(Toilor,lformarly of this place. On tbo 7ttk inst. (Or. Zaehariah Danner, Druggist, of this Place. in the Oath year of his age. A vAtvAnz,E rani x FOR SALE. T UE Sidweriber, intending to remove to the west, ofF..rs fur sale hie ‘443 Situate in Tyrone tint nhhip, Adams county, Pa., containing 200 ACRES of Patented Lund, adjoining the Towri of Hcidloraburg. There arc about 8O Atoms of excellent Timberland—about 20 Acres of choice MEADOW, and the residue in a good state of cultivation. The farm is woll supplied with running wilier. THE IMPROVEMENTS ARE A GOOD LOG DWELLING • . us SE, ;; Loa BARN, and other necessary out•huild ings--with a well of water convenient to the house and two never•fidling SPRINGS, (one of superior Medical qualities.) --ALSO TWO BUILDING LOTS in the Town of Hadlersburg. Mr - If the above property is not sold be fore the 11th of February next, it will on that day, nt 12 o'clock, m. on the premises be offered at Public Sale. Persons wishing to view the property, and wanting further information, and a knowl edge of the terms,will apply to the subscriber residing on the premises. JOHN DUFFIELD. December 14, 1885. (9-37 SPECIAL COURT. Jurors, Witnesses- and Parties, W HO have been summoned to attend the SPECIAL COURT for Ole county of Adams, on the 28th inst., or who are interested in the same, will take notice, 'that the same has, by order of his Honor, Judge Thompson,been postponed until furth er notice. JAMES BELL, Jr Sheriff. Dec. 14, 1835. 3t-37 REPORT OF THE SCHOOL DIRECTORS Of the District consisting of the Borough of Gettys burg, in the county of Adams, to the Superinten dent of Common Schools, for the year ending the first Monday in November, 1835. Number of Schools—Six: besides a colored School,which Was continued for 3 months. Number of Sc hole rs—Males 149—Females 146—Total, 295. Number of Teachers—Male, 4—Female, 2 Total, 6. Teachers' Salaries—Male Teachers, $2O per month—Female Teachers, $l2. Characters of Teachers—good. Branches of Study taught—Reading, Writ ing, Arithmetic, Geography and English Grammar. Number of months each School has beta kept open—Six have been continued since January Ist; and one for three months. Rent of School-houses, $1.75. Other costs of maintaining the Schools— sso. Money received for the use of. the Schools: Fffim the State,s2l2 70; from the Coun ty, $170; from the Borough, $9Ol 07; from other sources, $4 83. SAMPSON S. KING, J. F. MACFARLANE, I G`EO. CHRITZMAN, ' JAS. A. THOMPSON, V T. STEVENS, 2 R. G. HARPER, [Published agreeably to the 16th section of tho "Act to establish a General System of Education by Common Schools," passed Ist April, 1834.] Gettysburg, Dec. 7, 1836. TEMPERANCE. THE"Rock Creek Temperance Socie ty" will meet at the Rock Creek Chap el, on the 25th of December inst. at 1 o'- clock, P. N. Addresses by several gentle men are expected. By order of the Secretary. November 7,1895. tm-38 SCHOOL AILA.WITERS. ATEACHER is wanted in the tittles. town Acadern). Oiae well qualified would meet with liberal encouragement and immediate employment. For particulars inquire of D. SHRIVER, Trustees. G. WILL, December 7, 1.8:15. NOTICE TO CREDITORS. T HE Assignees of A m os Guirsr, and al so Of WILLIAX UNDERWOOD, of Lati more township, Adams county, have ap pointed to meet at. the House of Moses My ers, in Petersburg, (York Springs,) on Sat urday the 26th day of December next, for the purpose cf distributing the money which remain in their hands amongst the Several Creditors according to their Claims. If any of the Creditors in either of the above cases, have not yet presented their claims they are required to present , them on said day before 12 o'clock, N. if they wish to have their distributive share of the assets remaining in the hands of the several As signees. Upon neglect of presenting their accounts they will be barred from receiving any distributive share thereafter. GEORGE DEARDORFF, JOHN WO.LFORD, Assignees for Amos (driest. JOHN WOLFORD, Assignee for Wm. Vaderwood. November 30,1835. 8t .45 GETTPSLCURG GUAIRDS, ATTENTION! YOU will Parade in front of the College. on Friday the let of January nexhin full Uniform. ‘: ROBERT MARTIN, O. B. Deumber 7, 1885. • • Se. (cr- An Apprentice wanted , mediately at this Office. 4t-46
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers