___________
gt prating SittooPaPer—Dtboteb to Central ntritiont cc, ftnerttotitit, Witt co, Utterttture, Ototatttp, etrto, Sztititteti, figatuttitre, itnutornttitt,
=aa azm a autz). 43,vc. zs
LPen.. o I:EEKL2Z23I:EZMUI3I32 220, 1 en:841e1). — _
PCEILISBED BY
JAMES CLARK,
!----
CEP (3) CP 3:111 .03 c.
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MESSAGE
1
OF TUE
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
Fellow-citizens of the Senate and House of Rep
resent(' tines :
It is to me a source of unaffected oalisfort ion to
meet the Representatives of the :States and the ',ro
pier in Congress assembled, no it will be to meek o
The aid of their combined . wisdom in the Kilobits
!ration of public affairs. In perfrorning for the
[
rot time. the duty imposed on me by the constitu
ion, of giving you information of the slate of the
nion, and recommending to your consideration
• fkineasures as in my judgment ore necessary and
xperbent. I ern happy that I can congratulate you
on the continued prosperity ',roue country. Under
th , . blessings of Divine Providence at.d the benign
influence of our free institurtiono, it stands before
the world a spectacle of national happiness. i
ith our unexampled advancement in all the
dements of national grentnees, the affection of the
3eople is confirmed for the union of the States. and
or the doctrine's of popular liberty, which lie at the
oundstien of our govern went.
I It becomes us, in humility, to make our devout
fkwiwledgements to the Supreme Ruler of the
Universe, for the inestimable civil and religious
blessings with which we are favored.
In calling the attention of Commits to our rela•
lions with foreign Powers, I ant gratified to be able
u mate that. though with amine of theta there illiVt.
I tided since our loot session serious' caused of irri
atiou and misundetstentling, yet no actual hostili
les have talon place. Adopting the maxim in the
onduct of our foreign affairs. to -ask nothing that
Is not right, and submit to nothing that is wrong,"
It has been my anxious desire to preserve peace
with all nations; but at the came time, to be pre
pared to resist aggression, and to maintain all our
ituil rights.
„,
In pursusnce of the joint resolution of Congress,
for annexing Texas to the United States,” my
redecessor, on the. third day of Mareh, 1845,
elected to submit the first and second sections of
riot res.:intuit hi, die rep oji,.. o f T race , neer , no ,. r .
Vire, on the part oc me untten tonics, mr nee nn-
toission non Stele into our Union. This election
approved, and accordingly the charge d'atrairs of
ho United States in Texas, under instruction. of
TiPtenth of March, 1845, presented these sertions
f the resolution for the acceptant...a of that republic.
The executive government the Congress, nod the
tisople of Teens in convention, have surresAvely
complied with all the terms and conditions of the
oint resolution. A constitution for the govern•
quint of the State of Texan, thrilled by a conven
lion of 11CpU,11.4, is herewith laid before Congress.
t is well known. also, that the people of Texas at
!hi. polls hove accepted the terms of annexation,
and ratified the constitution:
I communicate to Congress the correspondence
tween the Secretary of State and our charge
d'Affaires in Texas and also the correspondence of
the latter with the authorities of Texas• ' together
Seith the official documents tranbmitted by him to
ge own government.
The terms of annexation which were offered by
tie United States having been accepted by Texas,
the public faith of both parties is solemnly pledged
keAlle compact of their union. Nothing remains
10 consummate the event, but the passage of an act
tn , Congress to admit the State of Texas iota the
Onion upon an emu!l footing with the oriainal
States. Strong reasons exist why this should be
done at an early period of the session. It will be
observed that, by the constitution of Tex., the cx
biting government is only continued temporarily till
Oongresa can act; and that the third Monday oCthe
present month is the day appointed for holding the
Snit general election. Ott that day a governor, a
. . .•
lieutenant governor, and both branches of the legis-
Isture, will he chosen by the people. The Prrai•
dent of 'ratio is required, immediately after the
resell of official information that the new Stem
has been admitted into our Union by Congress. to
%hyena the legislature; and. upon its meeting. the
existing government will be superseded. and the
State government organized. Questions deeply in
teresting to TeXflo. in common with the nt er States;
the extension of .r revenue laws end
,judic•ial s
tein over her people and territory. no well no int..-
'IRMA of a local charm-ter. will cloiin the curly at
tention of Congress; and. therefore, upon every
p s fneiple of republican government, she might to
be represented in that body without unnecessary
4elay. I cannot too earnestly recommend piompt
action on this impotent subject.
A. 4 0.11 as the not to admit Texas as a State shell
e pos4ed, the union of the two republics will he
,osimuivited by their own voluntary consent.
Tnis nree+sion to our territory has been n blood
less achievement. No arm of Inree has berm raised
.a produre the result. The sword has hod no rut
in the victory. \ e have not south to extend our
territorial piaisesaionii tw conquest, or our reptdilieati
lipid:4l6one over n reluetaiit people. It w a s tie
dr-
Itherato hootazit of e tch people to the great priori
0e of out federative union.
If we consider the extent of territory involved
in the annexation—it.. prospective it llu ere 011
AtUarieft-,he means t which it has twee rweetn
pti,heil, aprinainz purely from the choke of the
people iiltent.elvea to vhare the likiaeinge of our
union—the hiutory of the world may be ehollhiged
to hunk!' parallel.
• • '
1)1'4 juriedictiou of the United Staten, uldrh at
the for nation of the federal eonatitution was hound•
qd by tiro Mary'a, nit the Atlantic, has tat..,11
the Coto , of Florida and been peacefully extend.]
10 Coo Del Norio. nontomplating IN. grandeur
.of this event. it not to he furaotteu illvt the result
en. achieve' in .hienite of the i ltpletitatie interfc
ranee of Eompeaus 'nonentities. EV , .)
0)Intl, which ,Inul !wen our niattiviit ally—the
an try vriti , lt has a c !!!!! inon interevt with us in
optipiitiog tiro freedom of the oelp—the country
which, by the cession of Louisiana, first opened to
us access to the Gulf of Mexico—the country with
which we have been every year drawing more
and more closely mile bonds of successful commerce
—most unexpectedly. and to our unfeigned regret,
. took part in an effort to prevent annexation, .d to
impose MI Texas, as a condition of the recognition
I of her indepeodence by Mexico. that she would
never join herself to the United Slides. o may
rejoice that the tranquil and pervading influence of
the American principle of self government was
sufficient to tiefest the purpose. of IF ritish and
French interference. and that the almost unirnitnous
voice of the people of Tr one has given to that in
, lei lemon, o penreful and ellretive relodse. From
Thin example, European governments may learn ;
how vain diplomatic arta and intrigues must ever
prove upon this contintnt. against that system of
nelf.governnwot which seems natural to our soil,
and which will ever resist foreign interference.
Towards Tenon, I do not doubt that a libernl and
generouv spirit trill actuate C °tigress in all that
concerto her interest and prosperity, and that she
will never hove cause to regret that she has united
h r done star' to our glorious constellotion.
regret to inform you flint our relations with
Mexico, since your lost session, have not been of
the amicable diameter whirl) it is our desire to cid
tirort• with all foreign nations. On the sixth day
of March Inst. the :Mexican envoy extrnonlinttry
and minister plenipotentiary to the United States
made a formal protest, in the name of his govern
ment. against the joint resolution passed by Coll
ate-, • for the annexntion of Texas to the d
Strips.' whir h he choose to regard as a sitilatisti of
the rights of Mexico. sod s in consequent e of it. he
demanded his passports. Ile woo informed that the
government of the United States did not consider
this joint resolution ns n violation of any of the
rights of Mexico. or that it affooled any just ground
of offence to his government; (hot the Republic of
Texas Won an independent Power, owing no elle
giar.re to Mexico, and onoitintiog . pit of her
terribly or rightful so , rivights and jurisdiction.
De was also assured that it was the sincere desire of
this government to maintain with that of Mexico
relations of prove and good uni•erstanding. That
functionary, linnever,•notwithstanding these rep
resrntntions and assurances. abitiptly teiroinuird
Its mission. and shortly afterwmde lett the country.
Our Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Flempo
tentiary to Mexico was iefussd all nfficinl inter
course with that government. and, after remaining
several months, by the permission of his own gov
ernment, he rerun ned to the United States. Thus,
by the acts of :Mexico, all diplomatic intercourse
between the two countries: was suspended.
Since tied time Mexico leis, until recently. occu
pied an attitude of hostility for mils the. ('sited
States—lins been marshalling and organizing 11,
Mien, issuing proclamations, and avowing the in
tyntion to mike war on the United States, either try
on open declaration. or by invading Texas. Both
the Congress anti Con, eition of the people of
Texas invited this government to send an army into
that territory, to protect and defend them against
the menaced attack. The moment the tetras
nexation, oflbred by the United f . .3tates, were ac
cepted by Testis, the latter become so far a part of
our own country, on to make it our duty to nfford
such protection and defence. 1 therefore deemed it
proper, as a precautionary measure, to order a strong
squadron tattle constr. of Mexico, and to consentrate
an efficient military force on the western frontier of ;
T
'Texas. Our army was ordered to take positi• n
the country betwet n the Nueres end the Del Norte, I
stint to repel any innani, n of the Texan territory
which might he attempted by the Mexican (mem
Our squadron in the gulf was ordered to co-operate
with the army. But though our army and navy
were played inn position to defend our own, and
the rights of Texas, they were ordered to commit !
no act of hostility against Mexico, notesa she de
dared war, or was herself the aggressor by striking
the
the first blow. The result has been, that Mexico
has made no aggressive movement. find nor military
and naval eommitnelers have executed their orders
with such discretion, that the peace of the too re
publics have not been Wont-her!.
Testis hod deflate., hi r ibilepentlence, and ,
Word it by her arms for inure Mom nine years.• :she
has had art organized government in successful ep
e:ntion (1111111(t dint period. tree separate t zest
env, na nn indrionident Slate, hurl been I,oClikl
11.1 . t;nileim Moors 111111 illt` owes Of
Enrol), Treaties of eoninit.ree and navigation hind
been concluded with her by different nations, and
it hail become manifest to the whole world that any
further attempt on the part of Mexico to conquer
her. or overthrow her government, would be vnin.
Even Me' iro herself had her one Bali fled of this
fort; and whilst the question of aunt, ntion was I
pending before the people of Testis, dyring the
past summer, the gavel.. lit of Me• kir by in for
inal net. agreed to recognise the independi nee of
Texas on condition that she would net anr.ez hcr
'self to rosy other Poner. The agreement to tie-
konwledge the iridepetolcnee of Tenlir. whether'
tie without this condition, is co.:flush ;
Mr iro. The' independence of Tr , as is a feet
cone. dell Mrvica 11:1,1 11,1 nigh:
or 10 Ili eiwiibe nAlictions In tbe foul,
of env. rrintetit' which To •es might afterwards
choose 10 /1,1411111%
ul thotigh Me4iro cannot complain of the Uni
ted States ou arcl,Ufli of the annexation of Tex
as, it is to be regretted that serious count's of mis
understanding between doe tite countries continue
to exist, gmwing out of unreiriessed injuries in
flict. d by the Alexican authorities otat people on
the persons and property of citizens of the United
ilifough a long series ..f
.v ears. llier,feo
has admitted these injuties, tint boo in elected and
refused to repair them. Pitch woe the diameter of
the wrongs, and such the inmlts . repeateilly otli•red.
to Ameitcan r•itl7llls rued tile A rtietiviin flag by
Alexi', in l.atpslile mutation of the taus of na
tions and the t leafy heftier. the two t ontines of
the filth ..t April 18 1, that day hate been repea
tedly • Imiught to the notice of Congress by toy
predecessors.. As rail) as the eigth of Feint:an , .
1531, the President of the United tttirtes decland,
in a message to emigre., that • the length of tune
6111 C.• tents of the injuries have I ern comm it!, .1, t h e
repent' it and unavailing 111,1:111:11i., for redress,
the wonten character of some of the outrages open
the persona andyroperty of our elf incur, ripon the
oflieera and flag of the United Stair a, independent
of 'recent instills to this povo men t and people by
the lair Extraordinary Mexican minirwr. would
.111•lify in the eyes of all 'odious immediate war."
Ile did not. however, recoil..t nd an immediate re
, sort to ibis extreme 11)(11.41e, which, he declared
• ftl.l.llltl nit tl he just and gtntrnus
c.i.f. din , in their i.trehath for injuries committed.
if it cot. hr ham al , ly lout, in a rpirit of
forheataiiiNh rresod gatmother &Riad be s p ad e
on Mexico for that redress which had been no long
end unjustly withheld. In these views, commit
tees of the two Houses of Congress, in reports
made to their respective bodies, concurred. Since
these proceedings more than eight yearshave elaps
ed. during which, in addition to the wrongs then
complained of, others of an aggravated character
have been committed on the persons and property
of our citizens. A sp,ial agent was sent to Mex
ico in the summer of 1828, with full authority to
make 'mother and final demand for redress. The
demand was mode; the Mexican novernment
promised to repair the wrongs or whir l WO CM
pillil/Cd; cult after much delay. a treaty of indem
nity with that view was coneloiled hetween the Iwo'
Powers on the eleventh of April, 189, and was
drhy ratified by both governments. Sty this treaty
a joint commission was created to adjudieute and
decide en the claims of American oilier na on the
government of Mexico. The commission was or
ganized at LN ashington on the twenty-filth day of
August, 1890. Their time was limited to eighteen
months; at the expiration of which, they had adju
dicated and decided claims amounting to two mil
lions twenty-six thousand one hundred and thirty
nine dollars and sixty-eight cents in favor of citi
zens of the United Staten against the Mexican
gmernment, leaving it huge amount of claims un
derided. Of the latter. the American commission
ers had derided in In‘or of our returns, elnims
nmonnting to trine hundred end twentywiebt thou
sand six hundred and tvventy•sevr n dollars nod
eiehi•erc.lo r r sta. to were left untie. d err I y
the rirri pire authorized by the treaty. Stilt turrlo r
claims. amounting to between three and four mil
lions of dollars. torte submitted to the board ro n
late to lo censidett (I. and torte left undispered of.
The stun of two millions twenty-six thousnnd one
hundred and thirty-nine dollars and eixtywielit
cents, decided by the board Otto n liquirlan 11 Mid
aneertained debt due by Mexico to the claimants,
and there Will. nojanlifinlale 1,11,11 for delaying its
payment nceording to tare bears of the freely. it
was not. however, paid. Mexico npplird liar fur
ther indulgence; and, in thnt spirit of liberality rind
forbearance which Iran ever marked the policy of the
aired Staten townrds that republic. the request was
granted; and, on the thirtieth of January, 1843. a
new treaty was concluded. By this treaty it was
provided. that the interest due on the awards in fa
vor of claimants under the convention of the el,.
emit of April, 1839, ehould he paid on the thir
trent,' of April, 1843 : nod that the principal of I
the said swards, and the interest arising thereon,
shall be paid in live years. in equal instalments
every three months; the said term of live yr nrs .
to commence on the thirtieth day of April. 1844. as
aforesaid." The interest due 011 the thirtieth day
of April, 1843, nerd the three fret of the twr irry
instalments, have bar It made. t ryr owl nof these
instalments remain unpaid, torn ol whirl are now
due.
The claims which were left undecided iy the
joint commission, amounting to more than three
millions of dollars, together with other elation for
spot:miens on tie property of our citizens, were
subsequently prisented te, the Mltexihnn gneetnnient
for paymimt, and wereso tar recognised, deny r. trea
ty. providing for their examination and eettlement
by a joint ti,IIIIWWW.i.II. woo concluded and signed
at Mexico on the twentieth dry of November, 1843.
Tbis treaty was ratified by the United Stales, with
certain amendments, to which no just exception
could In.ve been token ; but it has not yet received
the ratification of the Mexican government. In
the meantime, our citizens who ettared ‘ gtest losses.
end some of whom have been reduced from efflu
cnce to hanktuptcy, are without ti reedy, rinfer-•
their rights be enforced by their goorrnno :ti,
n continued and unprovoked series of wrongs could
never have been tolerated by the United k 4 triles, trod
! they been committed by one of the principal no
lions of Europe. Mexico woe. however a Mich
buying sister rei attic, which. following cur exam
ple, had achieved her independence, and 14 whose
success and prosperity all our sy m pathie s sor e car
ly enlisted. The United States were the flint to re
cognise tier independence, and arrive her into the
family of nations, and have ever been desirous of
cultivating with her a good understanding. Wo
have. thew/Torr.:lmmo the repeated wrongs she boo
int o ntttrd. u lilt great patience, in the hope that a
wonting sense injustice would ultimately guide
her councils, and thal we might, if possible, honor
able avoid any hostile collision with her.
Without the previousauthority of Congress, the
Executive posnesred no power to adopt or enforce
adequate temedies for the injuries we have suffered,
or to do more than he prepared to repel the titres
' tened aggression on tire part of Mexico. After our
Rimy and navy had remained on the frontier and
coals of Mexico for ninny weeks. without any hostile
movement on her part. though her menaces Were
continued, !deemed it important to put an end. if
possible. In this spate of things. NV lib this v . . w,
I roused steps to be taker.. in the month of Sup
trioher last, to nreerntio distinctly. and in tin on.
tlrr attic form. el hat the designs of the Alexicati gov
cruteent were; whether it Won !hull lilt , toi, n le lie
' elate won, or invade Tex., or vv hither th, y were
delerved to.tirtlttst and settle. in tilt our hide limn
net the pending ditiere nr es betwee II the
814, On the Ole it, of Nov. tuber NO ial an
swer was received. that the Alexican untrimmed
consented to rem w the dipletnatie relations w Lich
haul been susia E. 1 . - .1 in Mar. h last. end fin that
purpose were willing to accredit a minister frets
the United States. With a simple desire to pre
serve peace. ntill femme relations of gnod under
standing between the two rei Eddies. Iwaived all
cepeniony as to the manner of renewing diplomatic
intercourse bowl!. it th. ; 11FOUnting the ini
tiative, on the tenth of Nov. tuber n distinguished
cif zen of Lcuisiunn WHO 1.1 pointed Enevy Extra.
ordinary null Minister Ph nipon miary it. !Mexico,
clothed with full powers to adjust• surd definitively
settle, nll pending difference.. frmtvn tie two
commies, ittelffiling there of bur 'ahoy I.iw ern
Alexi.n and the State of Texas. The m inister
nil (tinted has set silt on his mission. and probs.
hr this time near the Mexican capital. He liiis
hetio instructed in Ming the negotiation with vi loch
lie has ellarg“l to ton I'Mr lusion at the car liu itt ram
tieslile period; which. it is txt,cettil. will he in time
In citable nit In eouluitaiicate it a rextrlits Conutu Hs
tinting the lire,tut .emir u. Until t h at teu-tilt ii
known, I foam:it to WOll.lllll I: 10 Cr egress
ulterior ineasuies of rtdar ua. iii the wiu rot, and in
juries we hare its long I . ollle, as it wr.uld ha, IT,n
praiser to make had no each tut gotiation been
iu
rutituted.
Congtess nproprialtd, at the last section,
sum of tan but:arid and seventy-lire thou...aril dot.
lots for the mill , of the April or d July instal.
mints of the Mexican it.th nwitiia for the year
1844: "Provided it shall be ascertained to the
eati4sction of the Auterieaa evernozas that said
instalments have ken paid by the Mexican govern
ment to the agent appointed by the United States
to receive the same, in such manner on to discharge
allclaint on the Mexican government, and said agent
not to be delinquent in remitting the money to the
United States,"
The unsettled state of our relations with Mexico
has Involved this subject in murk mystery. The
first infotruntion. in art authentic feem, hem the
agent of the United States, appoint,' under the
selministtatien of my predecessor. was tectieed nt
the Stale Department on the ninth of Novenihcr
last. 'thin is contained inn letter, don it the ser
i nteenth of October. neldresscd by him to one of
our citizens then in Mexico. with the view of hav
ing it communicated to that department. Front
this it njimats that the op in. on rite twentieth of
tscjitember, 1844. gave a teccipt to the trent-nary of
'Alexi,' tor the timuutit of the April and July in
kalments of the hide mnity. In the some commu
nii ation. however, he fiseerts dint lie hod not it.
ceived a sit,gle dollar in cash ; but that he holds
such ' , ermines no warranted him at the time in
giving the receipt, oral elites mins no doubt bin Mot
lie will eventually pay the munry. As these in
stalrnerts wear never to have Fern actually paid
by the goveerniert of Mesh o to the ngent, end ns
flint govermnt tit line not therefore n reltoord .
as to disr L a rge die claim, 1 do not feel myself nor
ranted in directing rri 1111 nt to I e ;nude to the
cloimonts t ut of rite treasury, without fusilier leg
l'heir cove is, tindmilaedly cite of much
bardsbip; nod it ft Illailis lit CI agues to decide
licthcr env, mad what, trlir f pupil to 1:e et:lvied
to them. Our rninitAtir to Mexico has brew instruc
t, tl to fiscrnoin the food lit the rose frunt il.e Mex i
t tin enverunit tit, in tin nuilicntie nod r lfeial holm
and import the result with an little delay is possible.
My attention WIIP early direr td to t he tirgt:tio
lion. which. on the fourth of 'ti:odi lost. 1 lotted
.'hi' l g l "n
and G rral Et itriin, en the sot jei t of the (ilium'
' territory. Three sevetnl attempts lind been 'pre
viously mode to settle the questions in dim utelle
iv vett the two countries, by negotiatiun, uprise the
principle of compremise; I ut each had proud W!-
kUrCI.I,4III.
' These negotiations took place nt London, in the
! •
veers 1818. 1824, and 1828; the two firs' under
the ndiniaislrntion of Mr. Monroe. and the lost an
tier that of Mr. Atlanta. The negotiation f 181 ht
having foiled to accomplish its object, resultt d in
idle convention of the twentieth of October of that
year. fly the third article of that convention. it
.ns -agreed, that any country that may he rhino d
it her party on the northwest coast of Americo,
ettollld Of the Stony rot , itt t g i u s, s h i p. tt ,,, t 1,,,
with its harbors. bays trod creeks. tool the until,
! lien of all ricers within the 1.111111, he file and nj en
for the terra of ten years, (tom the dm, o f t h e r j,..
mottle of the tresent 0141.010. to the VOSFON.
subjs els of the to et rr wera ; it being
P ell 10111eFFIC011 that this agreement in not to he
' evnslttieti to the prejudice of any claim which
either of the two high contracting parties may hate
lo any pr, of the said country, nor shall it be token
to Arcet It, claims of any other I ewer or Ste.. In
py past or the raid country the rnlr oljt, cl the
I.h t h-t I 11110, it' .b a t tt!!, trr
vent tlisrutes nod differcncee among themselves."
The negotiation of 1824 .na productive of no
result, and the convention of 1818 was left um
• changed.
navctiiition of 1828, having also
, cl to • fret an adjustment by c min°
I wise, resulted in the convention 01 August
Niztli, 1827, by which it was apt ell
s o co,,tinfi f t lit force, firir an indefinite pr•
. the iiroviaimis of the third article oh
I the vention if the luenlictlr ! ed ()coin
, ' et, 1818: and it woo further prtivitletl,
...it shall be competent, )10WeNt r, to
)doer of the coiitrncting pi.rties, in ease
iiher should Chit k fit, at any tithe after
'he tia , tifieTh of October. 128. an git•
tmg due notice of twelve • months to the
tither contracting putty, to annul sod tub
otiate 114 i. con, micas; iintl it 01)811,10
•1141 i, be aucotilltigly until ely annulled
and abrogated of rr the oxpimatil.o of the
said tem of millet," hl these attempts
to acjust the cen roveisy, the parallell 01 :
the Itirty•ointh degree of not th
Itt , t l In en offered by the United States to
Creat iiitjan, and in shore of 18,18 and
1826, with a further concession of the
bee not iga lion of flue Columbia liver smith
01 that latitude. The pat alltill of the
lot ty.nit,th 'Ocoee, fi em flit Res kt ii urn
la i c ., t o its 0•I 111.0 01'11 the ni
aatettintost loam It Ito 111..
Il`tforN 111,14 it The. d1)11111111.1 n 1 Ibitf 1., ti,
1.• a, had b. en cilreted by Great lii it ii•m
.11r ton nellitinn ill it tonnil tlt tat lull tot
y I.mth cl the Columbia. Each
these 'top siiities had been Eck crud bi
iti c . I antic. rr hl Il l4 l l y.
In netithe F. I'-13 the Envoy
ilit ary and It it Wet pi, v
01041
'Z. II ;.k,':o) .i 11111:, t Irv) lu flicst. 101:11.
1. ISIS Mill 11,26. .11.1 t, 0)0).11 111. quo s
tine, when the t rgntitttlen nos OLrrth
iihei accls ctn. bit cd to W it.gnitu
00)1. 1111 the 1.. toy-Oulu! of ... , .tigust, 1844
um) lot 10011 implied. order the Bite et',
ol my Homed i.t ie pintict ossm Like
tilt plc ictis netvoinhoits, it t'.;l? bast i l !
1 , 1 (Ifl Iu incil le. of I/1111,, ;" Mur
tit owell purl coc t o 01 ti,. to S 0;0,
114.0 01 die 1 t.spiTIIVP cl,unl. nl rj I
cet.titties to the
e at to to ectiutili.-11 a !WI 11.041,1 Lou ! -
between them oe-to•,ttl
Hoc t t n.itotottio.: to I. I I : 'I fir cit."
t Art ut I i CIV. on the Of Au
; o t, 1844. 11, 1.1,1,11011 . 1111,*1
dr Itd to ilk the 1)1,1„,..11 I, ttitt ty
lotty•bthth 1.001,1 of 1101.11 h i t i l ut t,
ttoot iLe Itw ky tut tvoilins it. the roil,'
I ili Ill'el•I . 1.101/11 unh the 1,), hen,l,l
11 . 1104 t.i 1,1 b 1•I lilf C.ll'llll/.11 11‘1 . 1.
'lltliC. I:11111i ;Lill litet 1111111 . ; 11 41,11
1 the Irce nut ightitm of the elver to be et -
I Doted Iu t . eittotutt I.lc Lulb vat tiet.-11
it t•unts v routh of this line to belong to the
jUnitetr State!, and that north of it to
Great Britian. At the same time, l.
Inopose.l, in addition, to yield to the
United States a detached territory, north
of the Columbia, exending along Ihe
Pacific and the Straits of Fuca, from
liulftiiClPs harbor inrlusive, to Good's
i'atial, and to make fine to the United
rates ;icy purl or ports south of latitude
ft icy !lithe etTiee,, m hick thr) II IV I the
she, villa run the main land, or 4 , 11 Quail
s and Vancousei's island. 11 . 1111 the
t
exception t I the free putts, this was lute
-iore titlVr• ;ich hail been made by the
trttii,ft, ; , 'rejected liy the American
Ll,Cloinotti itkilr orgotial ion of I F 9.6.--
1 his p• ol ositie4i was propetly rejected
i:t the A mei ioun plenipor; onary omit.
iu, it oas to.timini ;I. 'lli, was the only
, 0111sition of compromise ..treleil by ibe
Ht oid. ph niputent tat y. The proposition
liti the part of Great Britian having been
i; jocted. the Ppriii•lt plevipotentiury re
quested 'hal a proito.f,al pbeulil be made
icy the United Slat, s lor "an equitable
siljti.ititent a the cpiestion.”
. .. . ..
'l'Vliert I cantr flier," found this
!“ he thr sate of the 11 l geinrion.
,otrt taming the t-ettlt ti cow alion, that
the llriti•lt eteosion.i of title could not
he mairrained to any portion tat the (it.
of, any rf,rciple of pub
ho law If by ttatoirt•, y et, in tio•
ol,te to allot had he. It dot., by nty I
, dr c. ssoi •, and esprcially in con•itle,
alum that plopositimis ol o, Inpronti,
oil been IhritC made Ity two preceding
ail miiiisira ion-, to adjust the que s tion on
the parallel oil rioty I ire ilogri VS, and
;maul them •Litho!. Gt oat Ilti,t4ti lilt'
I,te nal iottitin of the Columbia, and that
Illy proofing in t ottation hod been corn.
Inoue, d on the ba•is of rompionitsr, I
it to be my tfu'y not abroyely to
,',soak it cfr. that
• limier the convention. of 1818 moat sill',
suljer t. t.I Oil, Iwo POW
to t. icy of thortiontiy,
I w; s induced to make another efloit to
this Iting•t,obiting contrtervisy in
the slier; of it ,trtatinn whirb h a d
b I ill to the tone;+rtl disc IISP ion. A prop.
! was act to ly made, mbicl; was
oft d by the lie ui.h plrnil ot‘qttiary,
i 1., 1.0, xi 10 ill S 11110: it iitig 01y 1)..1..r prop
-1 Si' , • • •ttllt'tf d %h,' liyCoti. tits tl, his part
ertp, ex vie,•-it•tz his 'lst that the
'red Shoos ould olior what he sate fit
, r ptopo•al the s et.
, trot rat the ()I. gm, (0.4411., Hiroo
oosi•terit with fairitt s• r y ,i , y, an d
will the reasonab'e exceptions of the!
lie bolt govet !anent." The propositioa
iht:• otlet eil and I dotted I open for! the of
fer of the parallel of tor ty•nine drgroes
of north latitude, which had been made,
Ity two proottliog uOrnirsistrations, but
oithnut proposing to sorrentrer to GI et.t
lititinn, as they hathdono, the free nariga•
'ion of the ('lolumbia right of
ally tutelar; Power tor the Tree rtayiw,ation
of any of oar r hers, through the heart of
our otiontry, was one which I was
unwil
ling to citifiede. Ii also t mbiaci'd a pia-,
t'odor, to make free to Great Britian any
port' or I orts on the rap of Quadra tied
Vattrouvet', it hind, smith ol this parallel.
!fad Ibis been a ut w question, venting un
dor discussion for the first time, this prop
osition 01.11111 not have boon made. 'rho
extraordinary nod wholly inadmissible
et the goterntortit, and
1I,•\• rr j, ctitm of the proposition made in
dot . ..fence alone to what lOW been done
by my pr, der ossors, and the implied ob.
I'cttliun w hich tilt it at is se. toed to impose,
afford satisfactory evidence that no VW,
oroile which the United State 4 ought to
accept, tan he Erected. With this cow
Ithe proposition ter romprontise
.1 it it had het ti ;aide ltd t tett, .t.,
Ibvto tint...lion, rubs, c l ovot! ‘viihdlartro
od till. to ill, Oit.gt.ll tri linty
,ip•or rt tl, as is to lioVelf, nuunlaiuwi
I. it;, Luis aigunit We.
Th 4, ti% ',Viz( uctld ++i{l ,ye in, these.
t I rP , 1:11 , V.• 11 1.1 11b11)11 COUCC&S11111
101 11 1' 111 OW I. l llllll'd Slllll . B
,+ctt.n Ho et ill b.• eliel (1 Itt,itt
t, Y.lrch may follow the fail
,,,, it, ..t.ttiv the cm tit ‘,l•y.
All att. ott,t- ut cowl tt toter Intvit g
;01 ti, it let t tors 11,v ditty of Cottgrr..t.
to coop Wet W 'tat torahcirs It Itta:t be plop
er to ad. l t lot thr t•ectv i and plot ctit,n
of our to It zrits not,. ittli.tlottog, or ‘,lto
may lirrrttllrr ililittbit ()it d for tlitt
illicit to ntr of our just WI , it that to -
titor). In attloptiog no it•to, for 111.. s
poll wt., cat. Si odd lir it:lit It that molt
. 11: It, done to ‘ittivtv tit'. rtipolation. til
, lit , t ulivrittion of 1E:27, o still in
I , its. •lit bolt of titAitr,ioil..4 let-
%,111 4%11 be. sllul.ulwasly ulsrtcrd 11 . 1
L i t 1110 1 OM'. n.
'I I , °tit t I quit 4al 10 I ,t. git
,l,l),‘ yid to il.c tot a a t , L• lotlalyi.
aul aw.y shalt tet millatr , awl b e .,
wie a ith, can 141,11t.11y ateark or cm-r
-ose a•Nl111.11c jnlistlic ion atter snj.
flaw ail it a I,llllllv. "I his Illative it watulal
judottent, lie Et ttai. it , : anal
; Icahn tsta td. that platl>uul be mad,
taw lor g'vle4 it accmatittly, and Ictuttna
(leg, in :tits amtutirt, +he cuovetitiun ul
:lie sixth of August. 18E7,
It will become proper for Congotes to
Stc., *cc.
'apc. ebtl.4l)
determine %Oat legislation they can, in .
the mean fine. adopt without violating
this convention. Beyond all question,
the protection of our laws and our juris
diction, civil and criminal, ought to I)
immediately extended over cur
in Oregon. They have hail just
complain of our loop; neglect in
titular, and have, in consequenc ern
compelled, for their own securiiy and pro
-I,ctinii, to establish a provisinnal.govern
inept !or themselves. Strong in their al
legiance and ardent in their attachment
to the United States, they have been thus
cast upon their own resources. They
are anxious that our laws should be ex
tendrd over them, and I recommend that
!his done.by Coegress will' as little de
lay 11S possible, in the full extent to wh;ch
the British Pauli:orient have pi octieded in
regard to Biilisli sulikets in that tei
iy, by their net of July the second, 1821,
oho. egutating the anti estab
-11.11;itt; a criminal and civil jurisilirtiva
within ceitain parts of Noith America."
Ily this act Cleat Britian extended her
laws and joti-iliction, civil and criminal
user bet. subject!, engage:l it: the fur-trade
in that t , rruo,y. By it, the courts of the
province of Upper Canada were empnw
,ri el to take cognizance at causes civil
and criminal. Jostle: Bof the peace a rcs
111111.11. judicial utl c , I, w ere :milt to
he appointed in Orruon, with power to
1•NI'l Oil' all process i,tuitig tnu the molts
,4 O.! ploy Mee. and to .sit and hold
c , tilts ol record for the trial iil criminal
:at-flees and misdemeanors," not made
the subject of capital punislino.ot, and
I,ii al eisil eases, where the cause of ac
t ton shall not ''exceed in value the amount
or sum of site hunilieil pounds."
Subst quent to the date of this act of
Parliament, :t grant mos made from tile
cross it" to the Ilutlson's
Company, of the exclusive trade , wilh
the Indian tribes in the Oregon •t.rritory,
subject to a reservation the it B linn nut
operate to the exclusr'"ot the subjects
ot lot sign States o to, under or by
"Tutce cf an) convention for the time being
belts. n us and &mil foreign States era
peciively, milli*. • wide(' tu,'and shall be
in, ti Pahl thole."
It is much to he. regt clic!, that. while'
under this net Millais subjects have en
pt% ea the pi ofrcion of British taws and
British jnil tial tribunals thlosighout the
',hole elt,guri, American citizens, to
the same tvriitury, have enjoyed no such
protection front their gulVviliment. At
the saute time, the result illustrates the
character of uur people and their institu
thins. In spite of this neglect, they have
multiplied, unit their number is rapidly
increasing in that territory. They have
matte no appeal to aluus, but have peso.,
lully fortified theinselves in their tICW
homes, by the adoption - of republican in.
aututions for themselves; furniShing
other example of the truth that self-gov
ernment is inherent in the American
ht east, and must prevail. It is dne to
them that they should be embraced and
protected by our laws.
It is deemed important that our laws regulating
trade and intercoms° with the Indian tribes east or
the Rocky mountains, should ho extended to such
tribes us dwell beyond them.
The increasing emigration to Oregon, end the
rate and protection which is due horn the govern
ment to its citizens in that dirtunt region, make it
our duty, as it is our interest, to cultivate unneula
relations with the Indian tribes of that tei
For this pm pore, I recommend that provision be
made for establishing an Indian agency, end such
sub-agencies as may be deemed neeessaiy, Ite,youtl
tic Rocky mounatins.
For the protection of emigrants whilst on theii
v, ay to Oregon, against the mimics of the Indian
tribesoecopy ing the countiy through which they
puss, I recu iiiii +mit that a suitable number of stock
ades and block-house forts be erected along the usu
al route between our frontier settlemeuts on the
Missouri and the Rockey mountains ; and that on
adequate force of mounted riflemen tie raised to
guard and protect them on their journey. The
immediate adoption of these recommendations :by
Congress will not violate the provisions of the ex-.
isting treaty. It will be doing nothing mole for
American citizens than British laws have long
since dune for hritish subjects to the same terri
tory.
It requires several months to perform the voyafo
by sea our the Atomic Nimes to 0r,,0n; an d L !..
though we have a largo number of whale ships in
the Pacific but few of them ottUrd on opportunity
of interchanging intelligerrce. without greet deltr,
between our settlements in that distent leak. •;s„1
the United hates. An overland mail is believed
to be entirely practicable; and the importance of
csuahli.hing such a mail, at least once a month, is
submitted to the favorable considerution of Con.
giros.
It is submitted to the wisdom of Congress to
determine whether, at their present session. and
until after the expiration of the year's notice .y
other measures may be odopted, consistently with
the convention of 1527, for the security of cur
rights, and the government and protection of our
citizet.s in Oreg.. 7 Let tt till ultimately be
wise and 'prover to make bberal rams of land
flhr patriotic pioneers, who amidst privation,: arid
dangers, trod the way through st.vege tribes
iting the %est wildeitiess ;HIM ciiiiig between our
! frontier settlements and o,e f on. mid who cultivate,
and are ever 'early to di b rid the soil. I slit fully sat-
To doubt whether they will obtain each
grants as soon an the reinvention between the Uni
, ud States and Great Britain strait have teased to
ON ibt, would be to doubt the justice of Congress ;
but, pending the year's notice, it is worthy of rou
t sideretion whether a stipulation to this afro may