Pees the same authority. The. judge, might then he changed at every succeed ing, sessnint those in office might be re• moved, and Illose intin had been already removed ',Motto, d. Changes of this kind would produce contusion and uncertainty in matters it the 14hest moment to the otamunit), celctil,,ted to east reproach on repubticon govetninent, weak , n its' influence. impair its strength 'old permit n'fnce and lesson the affection hi' its c i t i„, tens far on • excellent institutions. 4 In cl.O sii g, thi•returr, between the act of the 20th of Jun,. 1859,1.nd that passed by the suci,eiling legislature on the 7th of March 1840, making a new classifica tion, we have no difficulty in deciding that the former must be considered as valid, and the latter as beyond the power of the legislature. Tue latter was not passed at the first session of the legislature under the amended constitution, as is expressly required by the schedule of the amended constitution; and even if such a power might, from necessity, have been exercis ed in case the legislature, at its first ses• sion hail omitted to perform the duty, yet there has not been an omission by that first legislature to discharge the duty impused upon it by the amended constitunen. In the next place the legislature of 1839 were, in our opin'on, right in making no distinction between the judges whose commissions bore date prior to the adop tion of the amendments of the constitution and those w hose commissions bore date subsequent to that adoption—no such dis tinction being created, either expressly or by fair implication by the schedule, in its enactments respecting associate judges. And lastly, we think, that the expiration of the commissions of the associate judges would be graded according to the priority of date on the Ist of January, 1830, after the amendments took effect. On these principles the first classification was made, and we concur with the legis laiure of 1839, in its construction of the constitution, and their duty under it. The act of the 7th March. 1840, seems to contemplate the adoption of the con stitution as the proper date. and that the classification is to be as of that date; and that it should reach down to the time of the passage of the act itself- Conse quently i t embraces several associate judges who were appointed after the first of January 1839, and after the amended constitution had taken effect, by the goy ernor with the approbation of the serrate, and reduces their constitutional terms of five years to much less than that term, ranking themiaccording to the seniority of the commissions of the associate judges in whose places they were appointed. Thus Thomas Jones, who wus appointed oh the 18th of February 1839, entitled to hold for five years from that date, is by this act, arranged in the place of Cromwell Pearce, his predecessor, and his commission made to expire en the 27th of February 1841, and so of others. This, as has been stated is admitted to be incorrect, and we are of opinion that these associate judges who were appointed after the first day of Jan uary 1830, under the amended constitu tion, are entitled to hold their offices for five years from the date of their commis sions, and ought not to have been inserted in the classification by the legislature of 1840. If that be the case, then the terms of other associate judges in this classifies lion might be ellected•—for if some names, are withdrawn from a class, those below may have to come higher up in the list than they stand at present ; and so the whole classification be deranged. *On the best consideration we have been able to give to this important subject, we, are of opinion that the classification of the associate judges made by the act of assem ble of the 20th of mire 1839, is the con stitutional and bindiug classification under the schedule, and that according to which these judges ought to hold thir comtnis eions—and that the responden being cies-. sed by that act among those whose com missions should expire on the 27th Februs ary 1843, is entitled to hold and exercise his office till that time. Judgement reversed. The foregoing opinion of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania delivered by' Sergeant, Justice, is truely copied from the orignial,! in my possession. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand, the 12th October, A. D. 1840. FREDRIC. WATTS, F1'0771 the N. York Advertiver. 'CRANE'S tT WELVE MONTHS CLOCK. An esteemed correspondent, who is -well qualified to speak on the subject, has furnished us with the following ac• count of an important invention by a mod est and ingenious mechanic of this city. We take great pleasure in thus bringing it before the public. I see in your paper a notice of a Clock recently invented by Aaron D. Crane, of this city. Having had some opportunity of seeing and testing ills movement, I can assure you, Mr. Editor, that it is a most remarkable piece of mechanical ingenui ty, and must form quite an epoch in the history of Horology.—Mr. Crane's ingH nuity has been exhibited on former occa sions. The clock which he erected in the steeple of Trinity church, in this city, is probably am quailed, as a chronome ter, by any in the U. Stags. During the past season it has hat illy, at times, vari• eil snore than a minute in a- month. The time keeping part is down in the body of tho steeplt, just above the front door by which you enter the church, GULL below the dial; while the only connexion is a •lender wire. Of course it is entirely un• Arected by wind or weather, and always indicates the true time, even when the hands on the external dial are stopped by !incrustations of ice or any derangemery lin the Norks above. The principle on ' which the clock is constructed is precise that of a ship-chronometor, only that the pendulum is used in place of the bal ,ance. The pendulum therefore is wholly [detached and there is the least possible liniment of friction. ....... „. Bat Mr. Crane's genius was not satis fled to rest here. his busy mind was 'constantly on the alert, until one of those accidents, as it were, which have ushered in almost all the great discoveries of mod ern times, suggested to him a new and simple plan by which to measure the pro- Igress of time. He had for some purpose or other suspended a weight byit slender 'spring, and given it an impulse which coin municated a rotary rrolion. filter a cer tain time the nation was reversed by the reaction of the spring. NVe have seen the same thing probably an hundred times. Many an apple fell before Newton's time and many a tea-kettle lid was raised be fore Fulton made his steamboat. But it was reserved for a mechanic of our city to apply so simple a movement to the art of time-keeping. It was the thought of an instant. And 1 well remember the ex pression of countenance, when he came to me immediately afterward and commit, nicated his discovery. It certainly was with the feeling if not language of Archim odes, when he rushed from his bath with the solution of the problem respecting Hie ro's ceown. The principle once discovered there was still great difficulty in its application and it has not been until after months (neat ly a year, indeed,) of patient study 'and toilsome labor, that he has at length brought his plan to perfection, and put duced a clock—the fellow of which the world has never seen. In the train which belongs to the time-keeping part, there are but four wheels—two additional being re quired for striking. The whole is moved by one power, hardly equal to that ..of an eight day clock.-;-atid When once, wound up will go with the sun thro'out hie ann ual course. In bulk, it is about equal to the common French mantle clock, and can be made to muit any taste or fancy. But its most remarkable and greates ex• cellency, is the extreme accuracy with which it is calculated to keep time. A great variety of experiments have ena ble him to apply a spring which is perfect ly isochronal, and of course when proper ly regulated the movement must be en tirely faultless• Having now secured a patent, as well in Htirope as in this coun try, the clock will doubtless soon be be fore the public, when they can judge for' themselves. THE PRESS or CANADA, in arguing' the case of M'Leod, indulge in so much bitterness of feeling towards the inhabi - tants and government of the United States, that we believe they really feel uncomfortable under their wrathfulness. The following conclusion of aii article in the British Colonist, published at Toron to, is a specimen. . . . "We 'conclude for the present, with the expression of a confident hope, that at whatever cost, our government will not suffer one hair of Mr. McLeod's head to be injured. There are perjured vilains enough on the other side ready to swear any thing to procure his conviction, who would that moment desire and assist in putting him to death, and as the sheriff's interests may be closely identified with those of this desperate mob, there would be little chance of his conniving at Mr. McLeod's escape, as has been done, in the cases of all the border prowlers who have been tried in the United States, and convicted, but afterwards set at liberty." The Montreal Hearld, always furious against every thing in the "States," pave us the following compliment, .vhiCh, though not very flattering, is certainly a musing. "As nothing is now too base for the of., ficers of the republic to sanction, we should not be surprised to hear of British ' officers, who were engaged in the war of 1812, being seized and put on trial for damages done to the citizens of the sepa rate States, by orders of government. The principle of Mr. Forsyth holds good in all cases of a similar nature. And the British government is so much respected by the American, that it is powerless to save its 'servents for obeying its lawful orders. 'Phis state of feeling cannot last. The cup of iniquity is fast filling up, and we should like to see that country kilt to itself. Those persons who firmly believe in Providence overruling . the affairs of, the world, cannot but be impressed with I the conviction, thot a government which' does not acknowledge a God, and acts as if there wore no God, must ultimately be brought to desolation."—Ledger. Reporter. Carlisle, Notice to the Creditors of the Huntingdon, Cambria, and Indiana Turnpike Road Co. riptiE creditors of said Company are hereby requested to meet the sub scriber at the Exchange Hotel, in llolli daysburg, on Friday, the 12th day of February . next, to take in to consideration the propriety of compromising their claims su that they may in a reasonable time be satisfied out of the nett proceeds of the said road. JOHN S. [SETT, Sequeatrator. January 27, 1841. THE JOURNAL. One country, one constitution one destiny Huntingdon, Feb. 3. I Sll Democratic Convention. The &lends of General Harrison in Penn sylvania are respectfully requested to e 'led, Delegates to a state Convention to be held in the Court House of Harrisburg. 'at 10 o'clock A. M., on Wednesday, the 10th day of March, 1841, for the purpose of : selecting a candidate for Governor, to be supported by the dem ocratic party of the State,at the approach ing general election. Each county and the city of Philadel. phia will send delegates to the convention equal in number to their members in the State Legislature T. H. Barrows, Jos, TI allace, J. P. II etherill, Jana. Alexander, J. C. Illantgemery, lie/a Berger, Frances Park, Jas. Gregbry, li. Ltl'Clnre, John IL li alker, T. Elder J. 1). Culberteon, James Stedl. The old Democratic day for nominating th- candidate for Governor (4th of Ma' cl i ) is departed from in the present instance, Itn order to afford all who desire it an op portunity to attend both the State Con vention and 'he inaugeration of President Harrison. Alteration of the U. S. Consti- tution. Since the day we were first entiCed to a vote we have disliked the present mode o r voting for President and Vice President on the United States. The troublesome and second-hand sy tem of voting for electors, to vote for tie men of your choice, always seemed to us to be any thing but the prop er plan for intelligent and honest freemen to select their rulers; yet we never could conceive of a method whereby- the vote could be directly given to the candidates for those high offices without imparing in some way the real ratio of interest which the slave holding states held in the contest. The number required in those states Leing less than the non slave holding states. The difficulty we have so long seen in the way of a direct vote of the peo;;le seems now to be entirely overcome by the sug•' gestions of the correspondent "E. C. .13.,” of the New York Times—whose commu nication we publish below. We call the attention of our readers to 'the subject, it is worthy of serious consid eration. Is there a man in our state who would not prefer voting directly for the man of his choice, instead of the present round-about way of exptessing his will ? And how often does it occur that, to vote 'for one man of their choice, by the present method, they are forced to give ther suff rages to another•, whu, could they seperate them, they would not vote tor? Inde pendent of all this, the present system is attended with an enormous expense to. the people, which can as well be saved sas expended. 'f ife expense of the inecong of the electors forms a considerable item in the expenses of tha government of each State, and by the plan propsed below the whole is saved to the people. We are well acquainted with the writer, and know that his only object is to secure to the people the most repu.lican and in. dependant course in selecting the two highest officers in the world and we r„;r upon all, the importance of us:ng their en- deavors to secure the proposed amend trients. IJe (eel confident that none dissent from our views; then why sliaul 6 we pursue an expensive, complicated and unpopular system, when the direct oppo site can be so easily adopted. We shall now leave the matter for our readers and friends to think of; and to pursue such a course us their own consci ences shall dictate. From the N ew York Star & Times, The following communication, I ec,ot mending amendments to the con,titrou: debarring the President from n' id' , de I ,dect and providing a new moo, dor rte,, that officer, has been submitted in u, publication. It is well written, and d, though it may be thought by soim to advu cate somewhat startling innovation; upon the sacred instrument in the construction of which so much care MA wisdom were expended, all must agree that there is con siderable force in some of the suggestions of the writer. For the Star & Times. ELECTION OF PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT. There are several objections to the pres ent mode of electing the President and Vice President of the United States, While amending the constitution in vela lation to the tenure of the ollice of Presi den, we may as well perfect it in some minor matters. The mtervension of electors has entire ly failed to meet the purpose for which was intended. The electors do not, and never can, exercise any discretion or indi• vilual wisdom in giving their votes. The . must vote for the candidates of their party. It is a cutnbetous and complicated con trivance, answering no good end and fur nishing opportunity for corruption or man agement. Their appointment is subject 'to state legislation and in high party times the will ot the people may be defeated. This has been done. It connects inseperably two candidates, whose offices have no necessary or proper connexion. W., cannot split the ticket. I The per,,inal unpopularity and political sins of the one are visited upon the other; while each should be free and rely upon his own speed and bottom. They are put in harness and carry unequal weight. All those who cannot conscientiously vote for one of the candidates of his party, cannot vote fur either. The are prcatically dis franchised an to those great offices. This defect has been signally illustrated in the late election. Had the constitution per mitted it, the whole south would have gone for 'Tyler and the whole west for Johnston. The, las really been nu ex press:on of the peupular %nice on the subject of the Vice Presidency. So, too, there were thousands w ho voted for garrison and Van Buren. They could vote hr 110 one else, and were um willing. to abstain, from voting. 'I his should not be so. The right and the con- Ivenient power of every one to vote, acs cording to the dictates of his own consci ence, are the true safeguards of popular institu , ions. Much evil may result from having the election as at present held at different times in diff .rent states. It should be on 'the same day in all the states. During lb, twenty ibiys in which the elections are now held, intreigue and and corruption can, with the present facilities, travel through half the States in the Union. There is really no gond reason why the people of the several States should not all, on the same dav, vote directly for President and Vice - President by name, Iree from the ill working machinery of useless go-betweens. It is easily done, without impairing the present balance of the states. We have only to give the vote of each state the same proportion to the others which it now has, and we come to the desired result in a truly demo cratic and popular manner, free from all 'embarrassment. The following amendments seem to me to be all that are at present needed: AMENDNIENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION 1. The President end Vice President of the U. States shall hold their offices during the term of tour years, and shall be elected by the people in the several states as fol lows:—The election shall take place in all the states on the first Wednesday in November, in the year 1644 and in every fourth year thereafter. All persons en titled to vote for members of the House of Representatives of the United States, by the laws of any state, at the time of such election, shall be entitled to vote for President and Vice President in such state. The mode of conducting such election, and ascertaining the galifications of ekctors, spell be prescribed by the laws of such states respectively. The person having the highest number of votes for either of said offices in any state, shall be deemed to have received the vote of such state for said office, 4. within ten days after the result in any state shall have' h , •en ascertained seem ding to the laws Choreal, the tiovernor of such state state shall, by his proclamation, declare the whole number of votes given in such state, and the number given for each candidate, and who has received the vote of such state; copies of which proclamation, au thenticated under the seal of the state, shall be sent to the Speaker of the House of Repre , entativcs of the United States and the Chief Justice of the United States, who shall, on the third Tuesday of J anuary :ox after said election, openly, in the presence of the two house , : of emigres, pri,c'eed to ascertain, from such proclama 'tons, and declare who shall have been eft emit President and Vice President for hair years from the fourth Jay of March hen next, which shall he ascertained and compiled as follows: The person having received the vote of any state, shall be deemed and taken to have received in such state a number of votes equal to the whole number of Senators and Represen tatives to which such state shall be entitled in tl.e Congress then sitting, anti the per son, fi,,ving the highest number of votes in the ag,regate of all the states so coin puled, shall be declared to be elected. No persou shall be ellegable to the otlit, of President of the United States a ~conil time. !Nr. have received, and read with much tion, a speech of our member, J. ti. Miles, Esq. on the resolutions in refer ence to the Public Domain. IVe shall give it to our readers next week, as the best history of the actual ownership of the public lands that we have ever read. The Bill to authorize the Commission ers of this county to borrow a sum of money, has passed the Lower House, and now needs only the signature of its own Davy R, to become the law. new move—Mixing Colors A bill has been (Altered and passed ths ower house, prohibiting the intermarryin g if white persons with negroes, mullatoes mustees, under a penalty of $5OO, of he parties, and a heavy penalty on the }erson who performs the ceremony; and 'urthermore annulling all marriage con of the kind now existing. This strikes us as something new, and enterely at varianee with the old lady's maxim of "every one to their liking, Sze," '['he wise men of our state are dabling their fingers to some things, it strikes us, that does not interest them, nor the people much. If they really think it criminal to mix colors, under the color of the law, how touch more disgraceful and abominable is it to mix them against the law. Let some of the members make it a capital offence for any person to be the father ur mother of a natural child that is not either black or white, That is what we should call making the law perfect and complete, as a whole. It is really laughable to see what steps some wise acres will take to accomplish some political end. We have no doubt that this bill was introduced in order to revive the old song of abalition and try to make it appear that one party in that body was in favor of the w'iites interma'rying with the blacks. But it was no go; as a majority of both parties voted for the bill. Why such a bill was introduced we can not imagine, if it were not for the reason given above. No petitions asked it—nor tines it appear that any one cared any thing about it. None but the most degraded, or those reckless of the opinion of the world would ever wish to mix their connexions with the "short haired" children of Africa; and such often disregard alike the laws of God and Irian ; and the law, if passed, would accomplish nothing but tutu n loose upon the world the children of such ill starred matches as have already been formed. We can hardly imagine that the author of the bill deemed such a penalty necessary to keep hint out of the “entang ling alliances," with some Miss Dinah Crow—hut we are unable to say. Certain it is, however, that some maggot of reform has bit him and urged him on in this refor mation of the matrimonial world. We bid him God speed if it saves none but him self from the degradation of being one of some "ill-matched pair"--ill-matched in color we mean. If the Bill shall finally become a law, it will stand upon our statutes, an iniul t to the honest and intelligent citizens of our state; and the author should be re, membered for all time to come, as being first to say, that they needed a penal en actment to preserve them from the deep degradat on of marriage with negroes. All Alone. The "Standard" of Hollidaysburg, is the only paper we have seen, that has at tempted a defence of the stolen report of the State Treasurer, A. R. Read ; and we really did hope that no editor of a paper would be so blinded by the devotion to party, as to say one word in favor of so disreputable a course as that pursued by Mr. Read. What ! a State Treasurer be .extolled by an intelligent man, for sending an old Report from the Journals of the Rouse, back upon the people as his re-, port tor the present year? it is really too bad ; and we regret that our neighbors of the "Standard" so far forget the respect they owe to themselves, as to give it a word of praise. What a bubble is the popularity of a man. Three years ago, when Almon 11 . Read closed his labors in the Convention which amended our Constitution, the hon. ors of his party for his capability hung thick upon him, (though many of his op. ponents doubted his right thereto.) Not satisfied with the eminence he had attain , ed, he sought to be a Judge—was appoin ted—and the Senate rejected him for in' compet ency. This act of the Senate was proclaimed by his partisans, as a tyrann►„ cal opposition to the man. Restless as ever, he applied to be elected State Trea surer; arid blinded by party zeal, deter mined to show the Senate that they knew his worth, he was elected; and in one short year he gave to the world the proof positive that he was wholly incompetent, not only to fill a Judicial station, but any other, where a reasonable share of intel lect was all that was needed. With his own hand he set his seal to his inability to' perform its duties. Poor fellow? he tum bled from his high estate, and now lies he here, "and none so poor as do him rever ence,"— Yes, one: let him take warning by the other's fall. E. C. B. Canal Commissioners. Mr. Strohm's bill for the election of Canal Commissioners, passed the Douse on Saturday, with an amendment, that no member of the Legislature should be elec ted during the tittle for which he was elected member. 'there was a long struggle between the Vederalists or Loco Focus, and the Democrats, before the bill was allowed to pass. In fact the Locos, some of them, openly contended that it was not right to take the power out of the hands of David R. Porter, but they would agree, that after his term of office should expire, that it would then suit their no tions. Notwithstanding all their conten tion, the bill passed, and is now we in the hands of the Governor for his signature. If he vetoes it, we trtist that the Legislature will have independence enough to refuse any appropriation what ever, which will pass through the hands of the present officers. The abuses which have been practised wider the present ad ministration, put even the "srg break" in the shade, and we unhesitatingly say, that the present officers are not the proper dis bursing officers of our state. It is astonishing that Mneocros, they would like to be called, will openly in the face of their constituents, oppose the election of the Canal . Cotnmissioners, The Senate chooses one--the (louse one: --and the Governor one ; and all mtAt see that by such a Board, the interest of the people will be guarded, because the time perhaps wilt never come that they will be of one political party; and if they. be, every one can see that their, perfect independence of the dictation of the Gov ernor, will make them stick much closer tot he interest of the State. We are rejoiced to think the bill has finally passed ; and we hope that every man who claims to be a Democrat, will openly and freely declare his preference for this plan, instead of the one man sys tem. Political Pardon. We never in our lives had occasion to animadvert upon the action ul the Execu tive, in pardoning criminals before, where the act was entirely, and without any other possible cause, political. Thaddeus Stevens, Esq. brought a suit against Hotter & Cataine, publishers of the Magician, and the Grand Jury of Ad. ams county found a true bill for a 1ibe1..., The suit was called up for trial, when, behold ! the defendants produced the "Pardon of the Governor" for the offence of which they had not been convicted. We look upon this, as the most wicked: act of a wicked .Eaeeutivr--and the most disgraceful and outrageous usurpation of power, that every was known. it is apo - kical pardon, by a party Governor, of some of his panisans, in order to screed: them from the jury's verdict of guilty ;- and we ask every reflecting man, whether such things shot ,Id be tolerated? lie did not pardon Robe, ACampbell before the tri al! No, no! but it would have been much more to his credit it he had,--the deep and damning stain nvhich that trial left to blister upon his .Crow, might have been saved! NVe had supposed, long ago, that the cup of his iniiquity arts tun; yet it seems that his min d is still lertitein some new mischief. Will an honest people support a mug who will thus abuse his powe.q - N ex t fall's election will show ! Anti-Bank Loco Focoism.. The Antisßank doctrines of the Loco Focos in New Hampshire, seem to turn out like those of Porter, when they are called upon to practice what they preach. The Legislature of that State, Van Buren to the back bone, have, by a vote of 176 to 59:: refused to make the stockholders liable. Notwithstanding all this, this mighty honest party pretend to great hon esty in their professions of correcting the present system of banking, by making the stockholders liable for the notes of the Banks. This they preach—you can see the practice. THE LATE LOAN TAKEN The Loan Bill, which was lately pas sed, has been taken by the following: United States Bank, $400,000 Pennsylvania Bank, 150,000 Philadelphia Bank, 75.000 Farmers' & Mechanics' Bank, 73,00 0 N. Liberty Bank, 20,000 Mr. Baer, of Girard Bank, 15,000 Manufac'rers'4- Mechanics' Bank, 10,000 Individuals, 57,000 $BOO,OOO
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