""X .1 r 3 '14 :M i-J in ' 1 S IB r, ,,x,.v,, , ,o,,K.,,,,T, ,K ,, ,-,,v. .,-.,,, , k,v;,h ri,;; run ,cn Mill it 111 4 1 B 4 fa i mm r i i ill S m NKW SERIES. XftEJfOCtAT 6 SEXT1XEL" M.r i5 published every Wednespay y1)ra I,z, at One Poluraxd Fifty Cents 5,,:(tn;iuni, payable in advance; One Dol usasl .Seventy Five Cunts, if not paid Willi fix month? ; and Two Dollar if , t rii,l until tl'.e termination of the year. '"o subscription will be received for a i r.?r pori'i.l than 5ic raontlis, and no i'vriber will be at liberty to discontinue riper until all arrearages are paid, ex st the option of the editor. Any per suiv-cribir.g for six months wil be cliar One Poll ah, unless the money . p in advance. idverllslng' Rateoi. On inerln. Tiro do. Three do f;urc, 12 line $ 50 $ To $1,00 ;.jiMre-.f 24 lines 1 CO 1 00 2 00 5-l;.iri's,o lines I 50 2 00 3 00 3 n sths. (j do. 12 do - ir.. r ; s-, .$1 50 3 00 $." 00 12 lino j 2 .'0 4 50 0 00 .fure. 24 i;n?s j 4 0: 7 00 12 00 J sr.:aro. (36 lines 00 9 00 14 00 ! it a c .hiain, 10 00 12 CO 20 Of i.,col u re.-., 15 00 22 00 35 0l. We clip the following: forcible, and i-ira!y writUn letf-r from the Inn.yl- .hiel i is w ii worlov oi a na! Ii vi;:.r.M. Oei. i";'t:. 1.".2. ..-,: In !iiv note of tins morning. : I ;..iiu;.-d t j:ive n more in detail, mv ! iiAvi ot public :(t';Y!:'. :;i answer to your V: azZ' t'.r.i. and I now proceed to d i ri'-tiv. ;u: piainiy ;ts I can. ! I r -.'.ir 1 ".v.- ov.tv happy and pro-jH-r- ; ts K.-jiulii' a- in pi-riloiis cimim.-tanees. '.nei-iti.tiii;ii,.;i:tl mi'l dosjvrate j tu-iur- ;' tli-i Administration, which i ::: ' ;;,, ;. '' ';( 7tif- ri'rAitnji, j i.iu-i :ii Lri. unless arrestel destroy our I ir.en :u: i riia llie country. Uy a r,j i r ....! i : 'if -'!' and ro-n:Jiwon, I think. J '-i: v vi",.- !!: !r"'iui,t 'ree liKirit.-i.- bil ii.:- ri'il "ii u- it' : i! i.-ov, ' u.i e.v-ntizens inigut have ; b..i' to their allegiance in ' !:".:. !lat vt'.ttK'i.iiy has i .i' ! the war has lxcti ear- i v-r n. law but mar- ' p r but de-potic dic- el is !. e;i tij Miipo.-v' a rv- -:r!i!ii t:;.. i - nve,,..,, of opinion and of! a::d to ii.;"!:,i the people from j "" -iii"" the :e-:i. :i-i of th executive j :il ii.- -;': haul Th" press, ton - h;L bvc 'Hie svei iphantic : ' i l:i- e fii-.l-s, who dare to le iude- ! ' I'M'i. i..ie i xjw.s.-.j t!;r-'nel e? to niili- i "v -.c. vi li.-iace. t .ir r.a'.ion is und?r : ( -n thi-iate of th'ng-i continue;' ' n 'i'ie-, ili. -re is an end of I.ibei tv. Tiie i that p:Mr;otif men wiil crv - !: a:id -pare i.t, '. ii. until iiii.-riih' i- put j A ui .uli from iry advane d nee," " vi -;u) '; I may i,.t fle to See the '' : t ;he pr. sent uuh ipoy 'oni!h-t." yet ! i 1 what I can to h.uvl down to '-t'Titv uniinpain d the priceless legacv t u- l.y our i-tthcrs." i i my opinion that m s. errd mr-laii-l'r -i.l.-nt I.in-oln, a Coinmander-in- has violated the Constitution, and 'rL-k-re pul.lie safety rejaiivs that he 'iiliv inipfached. I lis culpable sub ' -i-n.itfs, also, oughl i be legally pun jiecordiug to their grade and cir ' -n-'nnivt. U-wo I spi-cify my aeeiisafions, 1 wish :fst some principles that lie at the ' i ; niiv social jK'liiy, :i!ih which seem 't lae remind yon, then, that the I'ni- j i.Ues is a Federal ("overnment, com " 1 ot scM-ral independent States, jhjs s l-;i!" each, all the full and entire sover ?!t" of the jHMple. For certain defined rposos these have joined together and "1 by compact a quasi nation; but ''s (mhticil powers are derivative and T1'' functions can le exercisetl '? the general administration, but such as u- arlv granted in the Constitution. ' I tr "hey are paramount. Imt the radi-.-U-mj.jre remains with the people, and ""ereise 1 through their resjvetive State sJ,J,?n,ir!-: IvVsonal lilK-rty, property, iw i- 1,,t:tut","ns, (as marriage, appren ;, IS' s,avoi7 &c ) business transac 'n'1 gfnendly all the relations of p 'WMife are directed and regulated ox a .f -' lhom- t ongress can pass no 'oy,rU0CUni: in,1"Jual citizens, their "V" t'lcir contracte or their crimes, aTf i mattors invoivtHl fall within :th.j C catog"rs of the delegated hy11.'-piv'n in t,,e written charter. Tr ?lt c,-vrnoIo?y cannot call tle tlhui. 1 ,atw " a nat'"- " A nascen irir ' nat! nonfmata est " when we sav 'Vas " the United States." Na-Zean.!. 1 ,ie was I"" one of the S ,i : 1CTe ar-' the homes of the wo- I y j,, men oiiMncss, and IVi to!-kt's "I'a human life. Id.e r-,,. " exist? onlv m paper vrt it seems hkrlv. bv aid of an army, to annihilate t'oe original sover-! eignues and tomi a dictatorship. The general government, tmlv, is onlv an adapted political machinery, by which the powers of all the States may be con centrated upon certain defined object-, for the welfare of the whole people. If em ployed, by any of its functionaries, for any other purpose: than those designated in the instrument itself, the act usur pation. This is clear, for the 10th Article of the "Amendments" declares that "The "powers n.t delegated to th? United " States by the Constitution, nor prohibi " ted by it to the States, are reserved to " the State? ivsjm ciivolv. or to thepeonlo." o onicer oi tn. tr nera! !"ivemiieiif ! th. ref.-re. can ex rcisc any a!iih..ritv not j given in tho wrirtesi compact of federation, j lie has no fund of original povereicrnt v i on which he can draw. Implied warrant can only be by judicial interpretation. j I will ma!ve two or three further sii'- : g"stions. a'.-o preluninary. but llecesarv j to :i right ur.d. r-t.indii.g f the points I i will present. ! The whole overnmeniai j)0-.v.r of the! i-nuea States t mvid mto three fmic- j tioual depart UK--IIS, th le-i.-jative, Uie ex- ! ec;;;ne, ;t:i.4 toe judicial. There is no ! imtiia ry .-over. 'unty whaiewr. AriiJies j :md navies a:-e :) cr.-aii- ns tt' Co: re??: i and d.'pend fur it;' is- cxis'ence and -! r p: rt j "p 'ii !-gis!ati ciw'-ini'-i!'-. Th v must ' alway- Ik sub" ct to leal c .ntn i. On,- j o! tiie grounds upon v. l.ieb oar "I)- cia- ration of In lep. ndeive " r. -r . v..- ii;::: ! tiie King "at""c:e;l to r, nde;- tiie n-a.tarv ' ind'p-udeut o. :;:id Mijxr'or to she civil : p'er." 'Ihe Co;:--" i;:".,:i in th.-.; a.-iel . tines soi l iir;:i. 1 1 1-- rnling d.-pa ::.' n--. The ih-st derlar- iha "all 1--i-'.a;iv-; jnvers h'-r. by gran-.;, shall b v- .-t. d in a Con?:-"--, e." "Hi- ceond r:iv j that "the ex i u.ive p -A v.r sj.a!i JK. v . d i in a IV -si 1 Ae." And ;'. ; provides that - C...- !!': cial p-we.- ;" I "nited S;.i: - s!; t'l b v : 1 in : So;.: Co'.UI. vVe."" In th S t!:r. " : il.' .io.ia" !:-. ; jviidt'tit ve; c.i-or'iiioa'-.- mutu.'t : ItimI the yet mutual -nppo.ts i!l the power of' the Cisii. d Siat.-s t b.v political i nnii'ii! i : compi :s: u. tongrc-s oiiiv can t-a-s .aw.-: toe iVei- ; ider.t is b;U.. I So x .-cute tb.em : ai' I the j ju liciary d- cM--- up n th- ir ir.ijxir; and j tb.-ir ojvruuve vaii !ity. Th judicial i p.iwcr sli.i.l ex!i.-.:d to all e-i-4- arising u:vler the t o:-,-ti.,i;i..i!. vv-."" i'S. Art. : :bi. Sr.. id. " ; The I Vc-id n:. ihci causiot seliie j d tiair'iy. the laejr.iii:- ,f :he Coi:-:i: uiioti if a fpie-ti'n is iiiad" : i: itiiei- -:ia Con- I gn-s- int'Tp.vt. c. neo'siv e!y. one of its i own nets, if a , irovcr-y aris. s respt'et- "rig it. . The -Ju hcia:" . on'v, can do th"se i things: :uid it any one retiis-s olniln ncc to its d'-ci-ion- be incurs a civil ciialtv : if they are r -i.-i. 1 by force of ai :ns, it would le tiv:i-o !. These principles, that lie at the founda- tion of our social fabric, are lo-t sight of j in these troublous thne-;. .Municijtal lav i seeins to be thought as inojerative the " IV.jk's bull agriinst the conu't," which the inventive pleasantry of Mr. Lincoln presented a few davs ago to the clerical delegation from Chicago. It' this wa intended a- a quip at Romanists, perhaps there was more humor than dig- lilt It! lilt. . II o,-,, 1-1 (. a I ( lie ,iiii- conference, however, the 1 'resident after-' wards eprossctl lamself seriously in lan guage that clearly indicates his political view of duty and obligation : ami iilus trsttes tho-e acts that I mean to reprehend. I will quote his won Is and then pres nt the charges I make against his official conduct : " Understand," savs he to the gentle men in conference, " I raise no objection " against it on legal or Constitutional 'giounds; for ns Commander-in-Chief of " the army and navy, in time of w:ir, I " suppose I have a right to take any mea " sure which may lest sullue the enemy. " Nor do I urge objections of a moral na--'ture in view of possible consequences of " insurrc'Ction and massacre at the Soiith. " I view the matter as a practical w ar measure. tc."' S-x-I'liiLi. "Inquiivr," Si ptembvT 23d, 1 St "2. In this remarkable declaration, the 1 "resident, as Commander-in-Chief, as sumes a K)wer that " ovemdes the Con stitution," sets at naught the laws of the land, and the usages of civili-d warfare, and violates the obligation-of humanity. I denv that he has a " right to take anv measure which mav lvst mi1hIii the ene- ; mv," unless warranted by higher author- j ity. He is the men' instrument to cxe- ; cute the laws, and can only do what they j command or permit. j Congress h:iJ iocr. bv the Cmistitii- j lion. (Art. " 1 1 1. ) " f nii-c ;md oi- EBENSBURG, PA. WEDNESDAY, DEC 31, jxrt armies" " to provide and maintain ! a navy," and to make rules for the gov- eminent and regulation of the land and ' naval forces." The President, as Commander-in-Chief,., may cniorce these enactment upon "offi cers and soldiers," but has no authority, from his station, to interfere with the per son or private rights of a citizen. During the revolutionary war, the loyalists, or " tories," as they were called, were very troublesome. To remedy the mischief. Congress passed a resolution, vesting Gen. 1 Washington with a kind of dictatorial jwwer, "for the term of six months, tm- ' less sooner determined." lie was allow- j ed " to arrest and confine persons" dis- j alfected to the American cause, and, "re- i turn to the States, of which th v are eiti- 1 " 7. -tis, their names and the nature of ; " tl-ir offences, together with the wit- "ir.-sesto prove them." Thev were not j to 1h; tried by ;i court martial, but bv a i ivil tribunal. One man was taken under ' this ivsolution, and delivered to the Gov ernor of Connecticut, but he was pardoned. : No citien was ever held subject to mili- ' tary law. In our present civil war, or ; r:;b t rebeiiiou, Congivs- has no authori zed the Commander-in-Chief to arrest ci v i ii;i'-,s: and even if such an act were pass- ' e l, I deny its va'i'rlty, i:i regions wh-re j th n-guLir judicial power was in the free ! eeivie of its functions. There never has j b-eu a hostile fore in any of toe Northern ! or noddle St iles, yet citi. n- ii ;.,.. l en ; -ei.-il and carried from their !t ines asd fci.ii i s. t r'ortn-ss M..i,iM.-. I reter. lor ti.uslr.iii.:). t .:: c:-- hi hundrctl-. p -ihaps that of Mr. Inicrsoll. Without teiiding further, the-.- eiai n marks I will lliiW 'tat mv vTomids in's:ie;iiietit : alio l-t The Presid. nt h:- SUs'h Itded th' 'V : :i i.t if 1 1. is i thi- I ie:ird as an iiifraetioa of the Con-titoti :. and a viola- . tio; of the gu.u-.;ri':t d an I p-r-oi:d lib-' erty a; id saletv oi' ci;i. p-. It irvi!vi b t!i iisurp 't icn 'vr: :nv. a- J win show. I What is thr hain-a- c:irpu- J Jj is the ' p:u'.-;l:;:m of fr-edom. l:.ke it awn v. ' and e,v, r i- de-'t.ti:. To understand it correctly, we TT.nst go hack to the l-'n- ' h-h source, frota '.vhenee manv of our civil and .-";.;! in-i'itusioii-i an ilerivi-ii. J he h:;ie.is coi"js:s. then, was a com mon law remedy, for such as were im prison d unjustly. lint, although it wr- ' not civil: ii by statuti-, there have be ;i many parlimoulary act- to prevent alms's, aiid secure its oper:stion. 'J'hus. by the p. ti!ioii of right," (ovl Car. 1st.) it i en;ictcd. "'I hat no fu cm.ui shall be im- ' iri-fn'd or deiainel without cause "shown, to which he make answer ac- ' con ling to law;" ami by Itjth Car. 1st: ' If r.iiy jk r.-fii lx ivi-t r:ined of bis liix rly '"by order of any illegal Court, or bv '"comsiKvn 1 of the King's majestv in er- ; mi. r bv warrant of the council lioard. i "or by any of the privy council, he -hall, i "upon u insind of his ci-nii-el. have a J "writ of J.nlxc.-- coi'j to bring his lodv j "before the coarl of King's Unch or "common pleas, who shall determine: "whether the cau.-e of his commitment lie just, and thereupon do a- to justice : " shall appertain." It is evident from this statute, that the Queen of England now dare n t "suspend" or disolrey a writ of habeas orpus. It is strange in-: d ed. if otir Pre.-ident may cxercis. a ; K).vcr over th perso i of a citizen, which the greatest monarch in the world is re- . strained from doing. The methods of ohiaining and enforc ing this remedy, are amplified by act of i 01st Car., 2nd, to which I will only i refer. It is called the "Second magna charta, and bulwark of English liU'rty." I-ccau.se it fully provided for the security . of jvrsonal freedom, in conformity with' the explicit concession extorted from i John in 121.", by the barons of Kunne meade. It is now a settled principle, " that no freeman shall le taken or im- i " prisoned, but by lawful judgement of i 'liis equals, or by the law of the land." No exigent restraint of the person of ihe j meanest subject, by the monarch him self, or by his order, is permitted. "The ; King cannot command any one, by word i of mouth, to bo arrested: for he must do ' it L-y writ, or by order of his courts, ac cording to law ; nor may tlu king arrest ; any man for suspicion of treason or felony, as his subjects may, lxcause if he doeth wrong; the party cannot have an action against him." 2 Inst. ISo. These fundamental axioms, as they mav now lie called, an of gnat impor tance to the jKH.ple. For if it were U ft in the power of the highest magistrate to impii-o:i arbitrarily without relief whenever he or hi- oifieers thought proper, there would soon ! an end of all rights and immunities. W lien such d -potic rule is- excrci-ed. lln-refon. the i:i!ie::. corpii- i- lb-- .certain, prompt Htid cient remedy. It cannot, ujvn anv pre tence of " public necessity," bo deified or delayed. 1 will quote a few sentences on this "abject from an English standard work. Ihe happiness of our constitution is, that it is not left to the executive jxjwer to determine w hen the danger of the State is so great as to render t his meas ure expedient ; for it is the pariiament only, or legislative power, that, whenever it sees proper, can authorize the crown, by suspending the habeas corpus act, for a short and limited time, to imprison sus pected persons, without giving any reason for so doing. As the Senate of Rome was wont to have recourse to a dictator u magistrate of absolute authority when they judged the Ilopub'ie in anv imminent danger. The decn c of the S n ate whit h usually proceeded the nomi nation of this majistrate " dent ojrarn eno.sul.s ne quid respubiica detriment! capiat," was called, " s natus con.-ultum ultima iKccssi tales. " It is indeel a case of extreme public n eessity that will induce the pariiament cf England to suspend the habeas corpus: nnd the instances are very few. The fixed rule of their constitutional law is that " when a probable grcun I is shown that the party is imprisoned without ju.-t cause 2 in-t. 41." tiie habeas corpus is a writ of right w hich may not be denied, but ought to K? granted to every man that is etn.iiii!teI to priso:: or detained then, or otherwise re-trained, thou-h it be by oimm ui l .f the king, the privy council or anv other." com. j.nir l-t April 1-JiVS. I have thus givtn I".ngii-h iaw and English judicial sentiment on thi- subject : and I aver that it is the law and the sen timent (as it i- the ,-afety) of our people as iiruiifested in our Miistisuti-n, our statutes, the usages o! our courts, and th tspinions of our jiieigc-- and jm i-!.-, a 1 will tn l aorto show Tlic rt-j'it f-j'jMTAh-'cf t'i-it ., :s:.d the immediate u;-i!f for the r )'(..'.) of it. came to our country with the eariie-t col onists. As socin ai regular governments were orgasiizetl, the great a: id noble prin-cipl.-s of the. " M-t.na C:tri,t" an 1 th " Ihll of Kights" were assrtdand main tained. These were cm!i-!i -1 in an act f Parliam i.t 1st Win. and Mary, Stat. 2. chap. 2 which, in one of its provision-, denied to the crown 'thi; pjwvr of dis jiens'.ng w i:h and su.-peiidii:.: tiie laws." In all the colonial governments th ha Kas corpus was u-Kil. a- ngu!:itl bv the Com;. iGSi h:w and the Uriti-h stalute-s. After the revolution u ivmedy for im prisonment or detainor was proviiled in any constitution or by art of legislation. 'I'm im remained and w as t niplovcil as in England. It wa.- everywhere recog nized but always ns previon.-'y t xi-linj. The hat-ens corpu- is a i-nt. ';.''.. wbieh government cannot nb li.-b. As will might a legi-Sative I tody take away the right of personal ii'oerty, a-annul this le gal instrument for its preservation. The judiciary of the United States, as soon as organized, w as warranted in gran ting this writ, and was bound to do So w hen proper occasions deman 1-d. This particular function had spont;:nous ori gin with the court itself, and was no: de rived from the 1 1th section of tli? act ol lTS'O, which refers to it as a su'o-isien; process. The halieas corpus cannot Ite ab;.j.ated by any governmental jxnver iiecau.-e it is not a o!iical faculty, but a fr.-onal right, and is so distinctly ngai.d in the ( 'ou.-titution. If a judge t lei lies the writ, when a c.i.-o i- properly pivsented, he mav be imoeacli ed : if an officer fails to serve it. he mav U; punished for neglect of duty : an I if the party to w hom it is directed, rein-, obedience, he may be tnated as for con tempt. Iut it may be suspended tor a short ti ui" ami in particular cin-uni-t us.-es. (See Cont., art. 1st, sec. 0. Iy what authority, is the question The constitution declares that, "The privilege of the writ of ?.- cnrjn shall not lie suspenLl. unless when in the case? of rebellion or invasion, the pub'.ie .-ah-ty may require it." This provision is contained in the fi.vt article, which lelines the ''legislative j tow er. " Tliere is no allusion to it in any other part of the instrument. It is one of ihoe clauses which in the margin of of the printed volumes of the laws, arc de signated a- Limitation of the towers of Ccngrt-ss:" and would sein to iviase ex clusively t' the legi.-lalive department. Such I think, until lately, has Uvn the miver-al opinion. The court- b:svc -t d Hit ieil. and jo;i-t- and .-t.-'tesin have i o:ic'irrcl. Til " President ha- ' -:i-p- :id tl " hab !b- an ii'.-h Jim: p 1SG2 j this is, virtually, iin abrogation of the ; The absurdity of this position must b. ; law of redres-, v-hich can only I c done obvious to e vc rv person w ho ha- studied I by the maker. None but the power j the principles of our sccial polltv. and tb : that creates can r.nnul. A law- may be stricture of uur constitution. The habe i violated or d-M-egarded, but it is the " rule j as corpus remedy is a la w cmanatir ""ori ; of action " until it is reivaleil or chang- j ginally fi-om the highest sovereign an:: -ri-j cv,. , ! ty tl,e !etrle. It can onlv U repealed i n e know of no delegated authority that ; by the ptiwcr that made it . a genend and ! originated the habeas corpus. It ha-ex- unlimited suspension is in fffect a repeal or ' i.-ted from a time, when-of " the memory abrogation. Th'w. then fore, a l.-gishi-, of man runneth not to the contrary." live act w hich even Congress cannn d j It vvas an act of the sovereign people's ' exce j.t so far as the constitution wanvuil?. will anl is above all written charters now ; To allow the executive to annul or d-Sat . existing. No Parliament, Congress or j the ojterations of a law. is to r.r.uihilaUi I other repsvse titative benly may defeat. ' the government. If he can prevent tho j delay or l.iotlily its operation, without the action of the habeas c.qus a law- of thi , consent of their constituents. Nor w ill radical .-ovi n irut v c rhrtwi he may at ' any chief magistral-. 1 allowed to set it any ti n- s. t ade'an act of Coires.-: and asi le at his pleasure. tb,":s aW.ve all political functions nnd j The people in the t. ivi-c of ;h. ii rad- , hi a despot. If hi cim d-strov. bv his i ical empire, may consent to it- v-u-pen- mere ?.jrn this personal right, hem- j sioti " lor a brief jK i i.xl. in c rtain circuni- e very other. j stances. Ihit. did tiiey give authority to ; Put the constitution crnno: bo n:;.-la- i judge of the Kca-ion, to their immeli- ken in its imj-irt : and a rclTerem-e to its j ate ivprescntatives. whom the y ap-x-bit-d history places tiie matter iteyr.nd doubt. 1 to enact their la w- Or did they trust The Convention -,nt a on"' time ami . such dangerous pn-n.tgatiic to the man .many plans aril propositi were nibmlt- l :f wsl command their armies and ted. Tiie r. -solution e ffeied in relation to 'direct the ir military force? It every ! ihe habeas corpus, was ; that it shou'l p.-udent patriotic citizen :,nsw..r tbes " r..-t b: siisjv-r.dcd by the Ixci-!at'JA-. rx- qiicssions to him.-tlf. ! " c j t i:p..n the mo-t ur;:er.t and prcs-i'ir. . i he habeas corpus re . n.-ly i'. r impri-- "op-a-ion. ami for a limited tim ri'-t i onment cr pers..nal tl -t iiii tn i a law of exceeding riiomhs." Ni t a '. the highi -t rder. d th w hole picnvcd- menjiter s:igrtetl the id- a of c :::er.-::-- : ing i cm hs-ivcly within th n uular cog- v.ich a j-wer ujv;i the executive. " .-.I i.i. ..:..)...: ...l. ... -T-i. n .........v viii.v unuoi i o. p.i. iia in. i ,iv Presi'itiit can isavc nothing to lo with is. mil' to s.-e that it "it-- faithfully e ea . cited" if in any jo?-ib'ie circani-:ane.-i ; hi- action sh-.uld lte r.quir.-l. ' A retlen nci t the eariv hi-:orv of our ' country wiil how. t'::at our s- r- iatl. r . had abjinhdi: ra-o::-for pro. I-iiii' c. crv j possible security agai-t cx- v-nlv tv..:,-iv. 1 During the.:.-.. :ign of J:,ii.- 25. bis governor- 1 st ;r ciiaialt-.-r u?ee excn-i-i-.il the? m --t arbitrary an I m.i'mi:- e.1 e.'iitr 1 over lie- xt-o:i- a: d pri:h g- s ol the colc'iusi-. 1 wili give a -ii l in stance by way of i'.'.u-Sration Ti;- citi zens of ihe town of Ip-w ici;. ?I.a-saehn-I setts, fivlin greatly op:-re'--i-'l bv she fix i imjHisod by the more will of th gove-rit. r. hel l a mo-sin-.:, in .-.h-eh they clalnvil ih l lilK-rty of " fii U.rn Eiuli-h Mibvct-. : V.e." I'or this 1 h 1 !e l-ir;tti..il, manv ot '. th m were amt u by comm-ssid e f ;1 (iovcrnor. and among them was one .i. hn ' Wise, the l.iinisTer of the pbli-.. II. I plead U f- :v the council thnt he had rights, but was told by one ofth .bi lges ihat 'he had im more privilege left him than not to !..- -old fir a -1 ive." A h-.be.is , i-.tqis-was ivfu-sd. lie wa- s isp ndel lbrm his mini-seria.l bu:'.-:iei;-. isimri -n d i and fm'-l. Many t'h-r lilsi i-l in the sai u? way. Tiii-wa- th - kin 1 of phne exercised by exieiitiv e e.v.r i;; tiie colonies. io tl. m-t.h -r ona.trv, t". reign of WI;ii:!'M ;::i.l ?-!arv 'iht free dom : hot e.n th- Am rle-ai pl.-iiaatioii tvmnnv w.'s eouTime.i nniil to-n- e.r.l' i:. W is-n the :i-so. i i:.s e l W-se v. . s'e n trial iK-f.tiv th -Stir Clamor" ;-lh:i-nak they ti. i'eiid tii -in-.'! v. - under Magna Charta r.r. l the statu: -, which secured to cvpit IHtish .-nltj. ct his per sonal rich:. J'iiey were told, hi'v-.-.ver. by the .lodge.-. that they most ik: think the l-i-.v- of E.;gi:;n ! f .;;ow. d them to the ends of. tiie earth, or .. u-v. r tile'" went s :nd th. y were, in a ::;o-t n:-b!:r;irv . maimer, condemned. Thi se lesson.- ef exju'ri-enee AV. s-e suf.'i- cieiit to admorii-!i frtun.-r- of our . Constitution not to give the Commaii- der-in Chief" of our arsny a cth tri: v. also. to s:iMmd the hat teas corpu- at his will. This would make him a dictator and our govcrmiH nt wouid it.-a m'nisarv d.-s- tti-m. It was m.' so hiteml-d. The ;.ojiJ.-"' o! the s vend Siat, w'ao J.j.'d the ultj - - mate .sovereignty, in or.h r to p.v.aio!, . tl:e general w-elfaiv, and secure- the b!e -ings of liberty," agreed to frm a Un'on. or qua-i nation, with oeit.iin gre.n:.-d and limitil J iwi rs. Tin se w ! Ilv id.- l into three functional depart silent-, each indc p ndTuit. but till c '-operating to :i h anv the common object-. i h making of ihe laws was th- i'ieu!:y of Co:igrv.- ii.uue j eliatclv n pres. Sltiiig llie petp!e. To the Pivsident w.i- gi.e:i t-n- xecusi n .f dn-m onlv, an I ! "on. supn ra eov.it. and :o sneli inferior c 'urt.-a the ro:vjrri--- may from time to titn -nlain an 1 cstab'i-h. w as cntru-te I the whole judicial put.v-.-r." The judges an npjtolntod to int' rp- i ::n ! l -cide th- hrv in all ca-- that anitc within tin ir c-tit-titu:i-ti-:ii ranee. N't id. --r tf the odi -r dep:irt;:i. ir- -an coiii,o" or in'.- rti-re with th--ir ad:udica.-i"n-. Th P,vsil.:it l.-is b- is.Ieib-.d i for hi- high iianded acts of :i :p i i. a u l tvr.mny, up ,u th--a!'-gei ground te-1 tiie -'i.-i.tt n-iori " 'i tb ' ieili :.- C"t't . rjec'-yt-vo Mie.i-ii'i-. :i'i-i . IO: i t" hi- dlilie- :o " e t--.:i! ; ; -. 1. i VOL . 10 NO. 4. ii.ii :oi in- i;irr r.: ro; is:tio:-.? w ro prc--en:e d, they were rtf rred tj a ciTjn notice, t ho pn -J.3 to ; re par? tb- in-triin i.t. The first ani. le, in n-Iation to " th -jjovver f Congress," was corsi lore-l r.n I adopt -!. K i.rc any cf the oil-,, r? r.--re d':-ei:- h In that first article the hnbon c. .!-.:- -iauc is iiilnxluctil as rio of ;h 'i:.';iifitins 1 1' the power of C. rrrv-ss." it n 1"" :.a lesion, an.: rea.., in cc-v. n trf thus: - lit migration or miptr- "talioo rf sueli iirs.-n ot S:.iv rm- existing -h-iil think prorer to admit, shall mt lie pn'hl'nit-Ml by th Congrv s-. prior te :he vrar los : .r: " tax r dntv r.iav K 1 iiiij-ri:itioii, iii.it extvi-dioL ten iot.arj f..r .-'.b r t acll Itrs.'li. l.;e iirivieeeol "th- writ ha't. as corpus shall not b " .-o-p. :i.'i.sl i:i,ie-s -,v hen in c.tse f r--" b lb -n or lava-ion, the pub'ic kii".;v may r-.-fj-iire ii." S it v-n"ir:r!. ti'.roujh seven e-Inusv-s The worls " Lv th - Congress ire tut r. jn-atc 1, bcc-ia lliey wi-v imneci-ssary t the proper mra-j ing. :m:i woul h ive Uvn lauto-oglca". The wh s e:i.ii regard restraint upon tee aetl-in f ihe b-pi-lrv.uiv, r.-id doc- n.-t r. i'-r t Tl.er. ny ot il tm- nt. ls rmsn; 1 1 - J - -1 ;:i ..u:.ir .i - .-- ... ... . . . . i p-'.T.t. rilp e, it !:m:i s .i: '. s y ' The Presid-nt has jo crnsii: ut- n- so dvte.mlne that ih- rc ro . t. ' IV- .u- mxa-.or-, ven-.-n '-ihe public may re-yusv " .-u-i:-:-r.ori." Conres- o'-.lv -an ivide fetr caaln-' ...:iii tne m.oiia t oxe-cnte th laws of tii Union, suppress in'.:rrt c:i ;i. rnlre 1 i-!-. a-: on ; siisd t'onsvss alone o:n " provide for org : ns. -ring and disvipan.ng 'tiie n;.:i:i.:, and f.r governing such port cf thi-m :ss mav b- emjI"vel in the scr!e of the Unit.sl S;a:.." The Ceii!:r.ad-r-i:-chi- i" m:sst -x ca!'- the laws ; ti--ca-jmI ia:i'.r :li.-m. io pr-'V i-1.', u.wever. iir cOieiajLlKues, v.hea Ciingr. ss i- :.ot in s"s.-io:, th.it tMHiy, l.-y Act of F. t-r.sarv 2M3i. 17'C had. vc.-t.tl the President wi.li p. wvr to i " I it-it ihe miliiia for ";hi;:y davs after the cor.imci!et.-iiK-iit of the then r.cxt Spring." if iiisiirrecti.tSi or.invasion should n. If Mr. I.inco'ai 1 (""iifioJ of our M.O.U j.i.n. at th lieiiming trouble-, the n'.Kiiion iiilht haw Wen -e- 'I' A-.-s,-.!. 1 1,-dill :i: 1 o th n, and his p . over lio-y o; ly xtends to th cn- ilii' - t f t!i a i.n ii.-t i i :h f:.-!-.l. hj.v. i-v-r: t tw tiil-tre- n.cnt tf the -4 rule ;.nd regulations :" a ii Sisch ol!;er laws a C"i!gre-- may t s.a -t. He is n ;n re cx-,-cutiii-. Any titlir view wcahl be --Inietive of our social iree-I-ini. If the Prt-i 1. i.i may say a iiuruit ef the jifopl . "n: an xtrcme m"S of the I in---, i- ,in i-iurn-ctioTt. 'call forth th lii'ilisia t-i suppress it : declare- laani.U law; make military an sis from Ge-:-j;i.i to Maim- : and -i;.-j-ii.1 the lian as eorj-u, tin n i- an 1 of civil lib erty. A- I niao : : n'l thvr-i :ojh-r. i -. ".j-: :u.il caadi'l rit:c;ni," I a ill "'I !--. i!S to the l:-st ri:1;cnl - v.- i.h ef re rc: Tl ' b:.i fa (fiq i. whitii wc ha'-e lis. ! i j ee: 'v it i- in be -o p n-i n :h"i- is a .'ro::i 1 n.lau l. :i; c :n:rv. e.- :!';. Ihe -e ensue ca.tr-'t 1 -T ir.?. rt"-r.- ::Ji th' writ. !be a .' e.. in oi M 1-11.1 eh.!' th- la m :b 3 en v an 1 -1 - V I 11 r
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