'An it ii A J. RHEY. IlSGELLlBEOUS. XiieSurprle and Capture of Gen v men j We copy the following from "Little's Living Ace," a periodical of high standing, published in Boston, and devoted to the publication of hat ia considered the "cream" of American and foreign literature. The surprise and capture of General Valen cia, the second officer in rank in the Mexican army, has been most entirely lost sight of, among the brilliant feats of arma which marked the late war with Mexico. To say the least, there was a considerable daring in the enter prise; and the 6allant officer who planned and carried it out, together with the men who form ed his little command, are entitled to some praise. Here, less than fifty men rode thirty five miles into the enemy's country captured a general officer from his own guard, four times their number, and carried him in triumph to Lead quarters, without sustaining any loss. Fit some time previous to the coming in of the new year, the celebrated Guerilla chief, Padre Jarcuta, and General Reah, had been in fe.ting the neighborhood of the city of Mexico, and the day before had been seen at a Tillage a tew miles out of town, with a force of near five hundred men. Colonel Wynkoop, of the 1st Pennsylvania volunteers, who had gained a high reputation as a partisan officer, had them slosely watched by a trusty spy, and determin ed to attack them. For this purpose he asked and obtained permission from the commander-in-chief, to head an expedition to go in pursuit of them, and had everything in readiness to leave the city on the evening of the 1st of Jan uary, 1648, and, under cover of the darkness, to surprise them while they were asleep. The force he selected was one company of Hays' Texan Rangers, thirty-seven strong, and five efficers accompanied him as volunteers for the occasion, making the number all told forty-four, officers and men. I had ridden into the city from San Angel, where my regiment was quar tered, in the morning, and, meeting CoL Wyn koop in the street, was invited to accompany him in the expedition, which invitation I accept ed, end prepared myself accordingly. The hour appointed for meeting was seven o'clock in the evening; and, on going to the place of rendez vous at that time, I found the whole party as sembled, and waiting the arrival of the Colonel. The whole were mounted and well armed offi cers and men wearing watch-coats, and twenty four hours' rations in the haversacks. Each ene had his blanket strapped to the hind part of his saddle, and, in every point fully equipped f.r a night march. . In addition to being armed with a sabre and rifle, each ranger carried one of Colt's six-shooters, and tocst of them had knives ia their belts. The clock on the Cathedral had just sounded the hour of eight, and the patrols were begin- uaiS to take their rounds, when . we left the rendezvous ; and, passing out of the city at the garita of Gaudalupc, struck upon the causeway which leads to the town of the same name. We ureed our horses into a brisk trot, and in half c an hour reached Gaudalupc, where to shorten our route, we turned off from the main road, and followed the course of one of the aqueducts nhich supplies the ci tj with water, and which runs through the low, swampy land, bordering on Lake Tezoco. Our guide, never having travelled across these swamps before, became bewildered in the darkness, and following his directions, wc soon found ourselves floundering about in the mud and water of the marshes. Being uncertain which course to take; it was e.me time before we could extricate ourselves, and were able to reach the high road leading towards Queretero, which here runs in a north west direction. Being once more on firm ground we urged our horses forward to reach Tlaln lantla, where we expected to find the enemy, and hoped to surprise them before they could hear of our approach. The night was dark, there being no moon, and the stars were partly obscured by heavy clouds, which chased each other across the heavens; the air was cold and chilly, being loaded with vapor from Lake Tezcoco, and we shivered, even with our heavy "atch coats buttoned tight Around us. The Colonel rode a few yards in advance of his com mand, which followed by twos, and upon every one the strictest silence was enjoined no sounds were heard but the tread of the horses' feet on the hard road, fcn occasional jingle of a sabre, or a low whispered command from an officer. The night was too dark to allow us to see dis tinctly the nature of the country we were pass ing through, but, as far as we could discover, it appeared like a narrow valley, which widened " we advanced, and bounded on either side by mountains. We followed the course of the luedutt for at least ten miles, until we had reached the fountain-head from which it recei-. edthe supply 0f water. We saw now and a low thatched hut on the side of the road, bat no inhabitants. A ride of. three hours brought us within a taile of the vilage of Tlalnepantla, where a halt was made for a few moments, to rest the horses "' give instructions to the men. Having made the ncecfesary arrangements, we again $et cut; ir muff "WE CO WHERE DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES POINT THE WAY; WHEN THEY CEASE TO LEAD, WE CEASE TO and rode leisurely along until we arrived with in a short distance of the village, when a charge was ordered, and, with sabres , drawn and pis tols loosened in the holsters, we rode into it at the top of our epecd. We expected every mo ment to be challenged by the picket guard, and fixed upon but ther w signs of an alarm the whole town appeared buried in sleep. The road branched off in two directions at the entrance of the village, and some going each way, we met in the public square, and drew up in front of a large establishment which looked like a posada or inn. Patrols were immediate ly sent into different parts of the town, witn instructions to watch the Btreets, and suffer no one either to come in or go out, while the main body remained in the Plaza. As yet, our ap proach had not been discovered everything was quiet nobody stirring, and, what was somewhat remarkable, but few dogs barked at us as we rode in. The very stillness which pre vailed gave us the impression that the enemy were not there. Our guide was acquainted with a trader, who was quickly roused up, and in formed of the nature of our visit, and also given to understand it would be much better for him to tell us the whole truth in answer to such questions as might be asked him. He seemed a good deal alarmed, vowed much friendship for the Americans, and signified his willingness to give us all the information he possessed. He told us that Jarouta and Reah, with their command, had left the afternoon before, and gone over to the valley of Toluca, some forty miles to the west, but probably had stopped for the night at a large hacienda on the road side, about ten miles beyond. Ihe information was bv no means welcome, and frustrated an our plans, and we feared we should be obliged to return to the army without having accomplish ed anything. The Mexican was now closely questioned, as to whether he knew of any other party of the enemy in that region of country, whom we might surprise. He seemed reluctant to give any further information, but after ap- I pi vins a few threats, and using other means much more potent in his opinion, he told Col Wynkoop, that General Valencia was then living at his country house twenty miles from Tlalne- pantla, and had a guard of only one hundred and fifty lancers with Lim. The news more than compensated fcr the disappointment in not finding those we were after, and Col. W., at once determined to make a further search for Jarouta and Rcab, and, if unsuccessful, to sur prise Gen. Valencia, and make him prisoner. We remained a short time at this village, getting information as to the nature of the country and the route we should take, and partaking of re freshments which the friendly Mexican provided for us, and then mounted again. It was about one o'clock on Sunday morning, January 2d, when wc rode out of Tlalnepantla, and proceeded on our expedition. Wc contin ued on the Queretero road, which here is very level and hard, and planted on each side with a hedge. In less than two hours we reached the hacienda, which we quickly surrounded, and woke up the inmates, but, much to our regret, found that those for whom we were seeking were not there. Thus far we had been unsuc cessful, bnt now determined to proceed with great caution, and capture Valencia, if it was possible to do so. As soon as the Mexican who was living in this establishment made his ap pearance, we ordered him to furnish a guide, which he refused to do, until we had shown him a brace of pistols, and gently hinted at the con sequences; if he did not comply. This seemed to bring him to his censes, and to make him aware that he was in the hands of those who had the power to enforce a compliance, if neces sary. Seeing no way to avoid it, he consented to send one of his peons with us, whom he woke up, and ordered to saddle his horse, and get ready. From the manntr of thla n&u, wo p- sure we had a treacherous one to deal with and who would betray us, if he had an opportunity; and we, therefore, kept a close watch on him. The peon was so slow getting ready to accom pany us, that Col. W., became very impatient; but the master made many excuses, such as, that he could not find his saddle and equipment?, that the horse was difficult to manage, &c He was evidently detaining us for some particular purpose; we believed he had secretly sent some one to warn Valencia of our approach, and, by delaying us there, give Mm time to escape; and afterwards all qur suspicions proved true. After waiting some time the peon made his appearance, equipped and mounted, when we again started. The guide was placed between two officers with pistols in hand, we were order ed to shoot him if he made any effort to escape. As it was now verging towards morning, we in creased our, speed to reach our destination be fore daylight. We continued on the main road four or five miles when we turned off towards the left, and followed our guide across the open country. Soon after we left the main road, the bells of the neighboring churches and convents began to ring, evidently to alarm the country, and notify Gen. Valencia of the danger. It was now after three o'clock, and wc had. several miles to ride over an exceedingly rough coun try, and in many places dangerous. The whole i surface, as far as wc could see in the dark, ap peared to be a bed of rocks, in which paths had been worn by the animals, which from time to time journeyed over it, and in these narrow tracks we had to ride. In the distance, in the south-west, the direction towards which we were going, we could faintly discern mountains when the stars came out from under the clouds. Sometimes we wound along the edge of deep ravines, and then, again, up the sids of hills so steep that ou horses could hardly climb them, and we found so many difficulties in our way that it was almost impossible to go faster than a walk. Poshing on as rapidly as we could, we arrived in sight of the hacienda before four o'clock, when we slackened our speed and approached more cautiously.. The house is situated on the summit of a hill, and overlooks the rocky country around for some miles. Being entirely ignorant of the nature of its defences, and the manner in which guards were posted, it was not deemed safe to advance until we had reconnoitered. For that purpose a trusty ranger was sent forward on foot, with rifle" in hand, with directions to approach as near the house as he should deem safe, and obtain all the information about its locality and defence that would be of importance to us. Minutes seemed lengthened into hours while he was gone, during which time we sat on our horses, in a ravine which completely hid us from view from the house. Our spy soon returned, and reported that a deep ditch ran in front of the hacienda, which was crossed by a barrow bridge, but that he could not discover any sen tinels on duty. We now. rode forward with great caution, until we came to the ditch men tioned by the spy, where another halt was or dered, and arrangements made for the attack. The force was now divided into two parties one half, under Captain Bennet of the 1st Penn sylvania Volunteers, was ordered to go round by the left, and the other, under Lieutenant Davi3 of the Massachusetts Volunteers, were to go round by the right. These two officers were completely to encircle the house with their com mands, so that no one could enter or leave without being een, and then to import to Cal. Wynkoop, in front of the main entrance. Every thing being in readiness, the command was given to charge, when we dashed up the hill and over the bridge at full gallop, and surroun ded the house. One unlucky fellow, in the charge, missed the bridge; both horEe and rider went over into the ditch, and were placed horse-du-combat. They had been taken by surprise; not a soul was stirring, nor even a faithful dog on the watch, to give warning to his master of the danger that was lurking near. When the men had been judiciously posted, and every avenue to the building strictly guard ed, the officers, who were assembled in front, approaching the main entrance and knocked at the door for admittance. Under a long porch or shed, which extended the whole length of the building, the arrieros or mule drivers were lying fast asleep, which satisfied us that the family were at home, and thus far we were un discovered. In a few minutes some one came to the door, with a light in his hand, and de manded who we were, and what we wanted. Colonel Wynkoop replied, that we were Ameri cans, and in search of General Valencia, at the 6ame time ordering him to open the door. This he refused to do, until we made denionbtiations to break it down, when it was quickly unbarred, and we rushed in. Th.e room we entered was large with low ceiling, and from appearance, was used by the family as a dining room, but the furniture was tuite ordinary looking. We found there two gentlemen, one an elderly man, the other quite young, with his left hand in a sling ; this latter informed us that ho was Coloiel Sylva, of the Mexicau army, who was wounded and captured at Contreras, and then on, his parole of honor. We asked them for trencrai Valencia, tmt they denied all knowledge of him, and said he was not in the house, hav ing left some days before. Without parleying with them longer, Colonel Wynkoop made ar rangements to give the house a thorough search, and, as preliminary, sentinels were stationed at the doors, with orders to shoot any one who should attempt to pass out. By this time some of the. family and servants had arisen and came into the room we had taken possession of, and were placed under safe keeping. To judge from their behavior, they expected to be eaten alive, and it was no easy matter to convince them that we were not a set of barbarians. To the writer of this article was assigned the duty of search ing the house and calling to my assistance two old rangers, who were armed to the teeth, we commenced operations. From tho large room already mentioned, we passed into a smaller chamber, containing one bed, in which was ly ing a woman, a la night cap, and from appear ance as crazy as a bedlamite. When we ap proached her, she exhibited the most frightful contortions of countenance, and uttered such horrid noiseB, that we were not disposed to ex amine her very closely, but passed on to the next chambers. From what we learned after wards, there is not much doubt but that this bedlamitish woman was none other than General Valencia in disguise. We passed through seve ral rooms, some ot winch showed evidence ot a hasty retreat, while in ethers the occupants had 5. 1851. just risen, and were putttng on their garments, and much frightened at the abrupt intrusion of armed men. In one room, nearly the last we entered, we found three beautiful girls, whose peaceful sleep and pleasant dreams had been suddenly disturbed by our knocking with our sabre scabbards on their door for admittance. When we went in, they were sitting on the foot of the bed, en dahabiUe, bathed in tears, and looking the very pictures of beautiful despair. At first they could do no more than supplicate tl3 by eloquent looks and burning tears, but in a few moments words came to their relief, when in terms that would have moved sterner hearts than ours, they begged for their father's life and their own. Even if we had been blood thirsty enough to have sought their lives, their supplications would have surely stayed our cruel purpose, for no appeal "could go more to the heart than theirs did. And as I looked upon the two stern men who stood beside me men whose hearts and 'nerves had never faltered amid the leaden hail I saw tears of sympathy and pity chasing each other down their fur rowd cheeks.. They called upon us in the name of tie Virgin Mary and all the kindred saints, to spare them. After they had ceased speaking we txplained to them, as well as we could, the object of oar visit, and assured them that they need be under no alarm, . as we would neither hurt nor interfere with them in any manner. In answer to this, they smiled through their tears, and invoked a blessing upon us, from their patron saint of Guadaloupe. We occupied a few minutes in searching their room, and then passed on to other parts of the promises. From thence we passed to the out-buildings, all of which we searched with care, looking into every corner that could afford a hiding place for a man. The building was an old-fashioned Span ish house, of stone, only one story high, and 6urrounded by a high wall ; and, as it was im possible for any one to escape, we were sure he was concealed somewhere within, but were unable to find him, and so we reported to ColonclWvnkoop. White wo were searching the premises, some one made an attempt to escape over the wall, but was discovered by one of the sentinels on duty, and fired at ; he quickly dropped from the wall inty the yard, and let the sword which he had in his hand fall on the outside. Who he was, an! whether wounded or not, we could not learn. Although we had assured the family they were in no danger, they were yet in great alarm the women in tears, and tho men too much frightened to think of the least resistance. Having failed in our search, we held a council of war, to determine what course to take, and it was unanimously agreed to remain there until daylight, and then give the place another thor ough searching. We found several gentlemen in the house, besides the two already mentioned, and though none of us had ever seen General Valencia, we were not willing to take either of them for him. One proved to be Colonel Aricta, of Valencia's staff, whom wo made a prisoner of war; and as the others appeared to be citi rens, we did not moleat them. When they saw- that our search had been unsuccessful, they seemed cheered with a prospect of his escape, and endeavored by a rute to draw us away from the house. For this purpose, they told us that the General was then staying at a nacienda about three miles off, and one of them offered to show us the way. Colonel Wynkoop ordered an office and six u&en to accompany the guide, the main body remaining until their return. Seeing this feint had not the desired effect, and that we" were determined to remain there until he should be given up, they next began to Eiake terms for him, wanting to know in what manner we would treat him if he shoikhl be taken. This confirmed us more strongly in the belief that he was in the house, and we felt quit nr of u priz. ' lntne mi as l oi mis comvrence "o interrupted by the entrance of a stout good- looking gentleman, about fifty years of age, who saluted us, and said, in Spanish, "I am General Valencia." Colonel Wynkoop told him he was very happy to have the pleasure of making hi3 acquaintance, and very politely informed him that he must consider himself a prisoner of war. The general assumed a great deal of in dignation at the manner of his capture, and 6aid it was contrary to the rules of war to take an officer who was not in the army, bnt living quietly with his family in the country. To this Colonel Wynkoop replied, that he was very sor ry to put him. or his family to any inconvenience, but that as he never gave us an opportunity of making his acquaintance on the field of battle, this was th only chance we had to pay our respects to him. Wo then informed the general and Colonel Aricta, that wo wanted the pleasure of their company to the city of Mexico, and the sooner they were ready to go, the more agreeable it would be to us. While the two officers were preparing for the journey, their family who had become more assured, and found we were not the fierce " northern barbarians" they had ta ken us to be, placed refreshments before us, which long fasting and hard riding made very welcome and during this time some of u3 snatched a few momenta of sleep. While wo were in tho house, the guard of Mexican lan FOLLOW." cers, on a hill near by, had discovered us, and were showing their bravery by blowing their trnmpets and kindling up their watch-fires. They made every demonstration of attack, and we felt almost certain they would not allow us to leave without giving battle ; and therefore , to be able to defend ourselves against such a superior force, we concluded to remain until daylight, before we set out on our return. Day was just beginning to break in the east when we assembled our men and mounted but alas for the lelligerent demonstrations of the poor Mexicans they were all expended in sound, and they allowed us to carry away their general without striking a single blow in his defence. General Valencia and Colonel Arieta were mounted on their horses, and accompanied by a servant. Our route, in returning across the country to the main road, was nearly the same we had travelled the night before, except now and then, under the guidance of the general, wc took a near cut, to avoid some of the deep ravines. When the day had fully dawned, w e were enabled to see what a rough and rocky surface we had ridden over in the night, and how impossible to have found his place of resi dence without a guide. Once in the public road, the face of the country assumed a different ap pearance ; on either side were well cultivated fields, and though it was mid-winter, the flowers and trees were in bloom, and the morning air was delightfully soft and balmy. The region of country through which we passed is a very pop ulous one, and, if the people had possessed the proper spirit, they would never have allowed so small a force to carry off one of their most distinguished generals; but as it was, they looked upon the affair without any interest, nor did they know it was their duty to resist. We rode along at our leisure, without the least mo lestation stopped at Tlalnepantha to lunch and rest our horses, and then pushed on to Mexico, where we arrived at half-past eleven o'clock the same morning. The prisoners were conducted into the presence of General Scott, who released them, oa their paroles of . honor. General Valencia died soon after. Only One, and lie was a Pirate! A writer in the April number of Blackwood's Magazine, in' speaking of maritime matters, says: 'The Americans have only produced one naval hero, and he was a pirate Paul Jones.' The writer appears to be serious, and, we dare say, believes the nonsense which he utters ; for if there is anything that the British public' arc badly posted up in, it is the history of the battles which have been fought between the United States and Great Britain. Not sn Englishman in a thousand has ever heard of the battle of New Orleans, although the victory obtained there by General Jackson, entailed upon British valor and British discipline one of the most disgraceful defeats known to civilized warfare. 'Lundy's Lane,' 'Fort Erie,' and Plattsburgh,' are also places which the memo ry of John Bull will very seldom plead guilty to. Of our naval victories he is still more ob tuse. The only commodore he seems to have any knowledge of is, as we said before, Paul Jones while the only sea fight which figures conspicuously in his history of the war of 1S12. ia that which took place between the Chesapeake and the Shannon. To this battle British historians have devoted not only whole chapters, but whole books, while the victory of Perry, on Lake Erie, is boiled down to a para graph. These facts prove two things. In the first place, the importance which they attach to the conquest of the Chesapeake, shows that the capture of an American frigate was a rarity ; while the cowardly manner with which they refer to the victories of Perry and McDonough, shows that they were more afraid of truth than they were of an mmy, and that it is. wiser for Great Britaia to pocket a disgrace than to refer to it. To, teach a writer to condense, we know of no better study than John Bull's history of 'Amer ican Naval Battles.' The los of a fleet is there summed up with fewer words than he once re corded the conquest of a French fishing boat; while the sinking of a frigate ia- twenty minutes is so much of a trine iha it is only referred to in a note. The writer to- whkh we have ulcoady referred, says that 'the Americans have only produced one naval hero, and he was: pirate raul Jones.' Let us see how this statement tallies with tho truth : The war broke out in June, 18r2. Ia Julyv the Essex, Capt Torter, was attacked by the British ship Allert. The first broadside from the Essex frightened the British crew to tho hold, and in eight minutes her flag was struck. On the 19th of August, the frigate Constitu tion, Capt. Hull, in thirty-eight minutes con quered the British frigate Guerriere, Capt. Da cres. The loss to the English in killed and wounded was 114. The Americans were only injured to the extent of 14. On the IStib. of October, Capt. Jones, in the eloop-of-warWasp, captured the Frolic in forty five minutes. In this action, the Americans had to contend a trains t a much superior force. The- result of the battle was SO killed -on. the Frolic, and only 8 ou tho Wasp.- win ?miE . On the 25th of October, the frigate United States, Capt Decatur, encountered and captured the finest frigate in the British navy, the Mace donian, in little over half an hour. English killed, 104. Americans, 11. On the 12th of December, the frigate Essex, Capt. Porter, took the ship Nocton, of 10 guns, in about five minutes. With the Nocton he also took $55,000 in specie. Capt Porter af terwards cruised in the Pacific, where his prizes averaged about two a day. His last act was to fight two British frigates of equal size, for nearly half a day. On the 20th of December, the Constitution; Capt Bainbridge, captured the British frigate Java. The combat continued more than three hours, at the expiration of which time she was so knocked to pieces that you could look thro' her like a piece of gauze. The English lost in thisbattle 161. The Americans34. J So much for the year 1812. On the 23d of February, 1813, the United States ship Hornet, Capt Lawrence, encoun tered the British ship Peacock. In less than fifteen minutes the Peacock struck her colors, displaying at the same time a signal of distress. The Hornet, in less than a quarter of an hour, having not only conquered the Peacock, but nearly sunk her. In'July, 1813, the American brig Argus captured the British brig PelicMJ. A day or two afterwards the American" brig Enterprise, Lieut Burrows, took the British brig Boxer, Capt Blythe. These vessels were of the same class, and showed in a most con clusive manner, the superiority of American gunnery over that of any other power. In August of this year, the American priva teer Decatur, mounting seven guns, and manned with one hundred and three men, fell in with the British schooner Dominica, of sixteen guns and eighty-three men. For two hours the two ships continued manoeuvring and firing, the Decatur seeking to board her antagonist, and she to escape. At length the former was placed in such a position, that a part of her crew passed, upon the bowsprit, into the stern of the latter. The firing on both sides, from cannon and musketry, was now terrible. In a short time the two ships came in contact, broadside to broadside, and then the remainder of the Decatur's crew rushed upon her enemy's deck. Fire arms were thrown aside, and the meu fought hand to hand, using cutlasses and throw ing shot Nearly all the officers of the Domin ica being killed, her flag was hauled down by the conquerors. Of her crew of eighty-three, sixty were killed or wounded ; of that of the Decatur but nineteen. The next day, the hitter captured a merchantman, laden with with a valuable cargo, and conducted both prizes into the harbor of Charleston. In December, 1814, the United States frigate Constitution, Capt Stewart, fought two British frigatea at once, and, what is more, whipped them. They were the Levant and Cyane. This naval battle is one of the most glorious on rec ord. So much for ships let us now come to squadrons. On the 10th of September, 1813, the Ameri can squadron bn Lake Erie, under Commodore Perry, fought a British squadron under Capt. Barclay. The battle commenced a little after noon. At i o ciock ferry transmitted tne loi lowing laconic epistle to Gen. Harrison: We have met the enemy and they are ours two ships, two brigs, one schooner and one sloop. On the 6th of September, 1814, the British squadron, commanded by Commodore Downie, appeared off the harbor of riattsburg, wherw ' that of the United States, commanded by Com modore McDonough, lay at anchor, prepared for battle. The former, consisting of sixteen vessels, caiiied one hundred and two guns, and, was manned with eight hundred and fifty men. The battle commenced about 9 o'clock. In two hours and a half the British were 'a whipped community,' every vessel in the squadron hav ing 'backed down or run away. 27 A London correspondent of the Nation al Inielligencer says : '-On the platform, beneath the lofty transept of the Chrystal Palace, was placed a chair of state, in which the Queen took her scat with her usual punctuality, at exactly 12 o'clock: The platform soon became studded with foreigners of every clime, in all sorts of picturesque dresse?, not the least conspicuous of whom, waa a Chinese Mandarin, who moved about with a dignity that showed him to be con scious that ou his sole shoulders rested the duty of representing three hundred millions of peo ple." This Mandarin, by the way, was the" showman of the Chinese Junk, who passed for the time, as the Chinese Ambassador ! The Boston Atlas states that a lady dres sed in Turkish patualoons attracted considerable notice ia Trcmont row, on Thursday afternoon. Tho skirt hung as low as the knee. f&T" The Reading Convention- will number among its delegates quite a number of editor Already we have Fcnsr-, of the rennyh-tjutti, BowM-ty, of the EfJfortl Gazette, Witsos, of th Allentnirn N'jnbKetn , -.Alexander ef the CU. rkn Democrat, ani likely torn othi They will make z"vl delatcs-
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